Resumen de Aplicaciones
Resumen de Aplicaciones
Resumen de Aplicaciones
Aplicaciones de suelo
Estabilidad de la pendiente
Consolidación / Liquidación
Filtración de agua subterránea
Terraplenes / Presas
Túnel de tierra suave
Apoyo terrestre
Excavaciones de superficie
Muro de contención
Análisis dinámico
Aplicaciones de rock
Túnel de roca
Estabilidad de la pendiente rocosa
Excavaciones subterráneas
Soporte de rock
Minería
Roca articulada
Archivos de ejemplo
Archivos de ejemplo
Se instalan muchos archivos de ejemplo diferentes con el programa RS2 ,
incluidos Tutorial, Verificación y otros archivos de ejemplo. La forma más fácil
de acceder a los archivos de ejemplo es seleccionar uno de los siguientes
accesos directos del menú principal:
Modelado de suelos
Para el modelado y análisis de proyectos geotécnicos en materiales del suelo ,
las aplicaciones RS2 incluyen:
Estabilidad de la pendiente
Consolidación / Liquidación
Filtración de agua subterránea
Terraplenes / Presas
Túnel de tierra suave
Apoyo terrestre
Excavaciones de superficie
Muro de contención
Análisis dinámico
Tutoriales
Reducción de la
resistencia al corte
Ár
ea de búsqueda de SSR
Terraplén
reforzado con geomalla
Aná
lisis probabilístico de estabilidad de taludes
Análisis de
reducción acoplada
Análisis de reducción de la resistencia al corte
1.0 Introducción
Cierra la gráfica.
Ahora existe una pestaña Etapa 1 junto con las pestañas SRF en
la parte inferior de la vista. Los resultados de la Etapa 1 ahora
están visibles cuando se selecciona la pestaña Etapa 1.
En el intérprete Slide2 :
Nota: puede realizar la misma tarea haciendo clic con el botón derecho en el
revestimiento de geomalla y seleccionando los datos de Graph Liner.
Seleccione Parcela.
For this model, two random variables have been defined: the
cohesion and friction angle of the slope material. Random
variables are defined using the options in the Statistics menu.
2.3 Compute
2.4 Interpret
The Mean Critical SRF is the average of the values obtained from
the four SSR analysis runs generated by the probabilistic analysis
(i.e. (1.38+1.13+1.31+1.06) / 4 = 1.22).
This may take some time; a progress bar will be visible at the
bottom of the screen.
Note: In the RS2 Tutorials folder, notice that sub-folders have the same names
as the probabilistic tutorial files. These sub-folders are used to store the
probabilistic component files for each of the RS2 probabilistic example files.
The number of files in each sub-folder corresponds to the number of random
variables in the master file (e.g. 2 variables = 4 files, 3 variables = 8 files, 4
variables = 16 files etc).
3.3 Compute
3.4 Interpret
Note: to see the figure below, select the tab SRF = 1.06 to highlight the zone
of maximum shear strain.
The primary results of the probabilistic SSR slope stability
analysis are listed at the top center of the view:
Tutorials
The following tutorials deal with soil or rock tunneling applications. For more
examples see the RS2 Stress Analysis Verificationmanuals.
Axisymmetric Analysis
In this initial file, the model has been staged, project settings
defined, material properties defined and assigned, and an
induced load applied over the stages.
Switch to the last stage, stage 10. Look in the lower left corner of
the program window on the status bar. The maximum
displacement for this stage is approximately 0.065m. This is the
value of maximum wall displacement far from the tunnel face. The
location of this displacement is in the roof and floor of the
excavation. The location of this displacement is important since
any comparisons of displacement for various internal pressures
must be made at the same location.
To determine the radius of the plastic zone, turn on the display of yielded
elements
Zoom Out to see the entire extent of failed points is visible (see
below).
The extent of this failed zone represents the extent of the plastic
zone around the tunnel. To determine the radius of the plastic
zone, use either the measuring tool or the dimensioning tool to
measure the distance from the center of the tunnel to the
perimeter of the yielded/plastic zone. Let’s use the measuring
tool.
Use drop down menu to select Graph Single Point vs. Stage
1. When asked to enter a vertex, type in the value (0,4) for the
location and press Enter. This is a point on the roof of the
excavation.
2. The Graph Query Data dialog will appear:
3. Press the Plot button. The following figure shows the plot
generated by the program. This is a plot of displacement versus
stage for a point in the roof of the tunnel.
Right-click in the plot and choose the Sampler option. Move the
sampler by moving the mouse with the left mouse button. Move
the sampler until the displacement value on the right side of the
plot is equal to 0.028m.
In stage 6, the wall displacement in the roof of the tunnel is
0.028m. This represents an internal pressure factor of 0.1 as was
defined in the modeler for the field stress vector distributed load.
Open the Project Settings dialog from the Analysis menu and select the
Stages Tab.
Change the name of Stage 1 to Pre Excavation. Change the
name of Stage 2 to Initial Stage. Change the name of Stage 6 to
Tunnel Relaxation. Change the name of Stage 11 to Support
Installed. The dialog should look like this:
Now delete all other stages except these three stages. Note, you
can select multiple stages by scrolling down the number column
with the left mouse button depressed. Use the Delete Stages
button to delete the stages. After deleting these stages, the dialog
should look like:
Stage 6 from the previous model was selected because it
represents the stage in which the internal pressure in the tunnel
yields the necessary deformation before we install the support.
Close the dialog by clicking OK. Make sure the Stage 2 tab is
selected.
Let's line the tunnel with the liner described above. First, ensure
that Stage 4, the Support Installed stage, is selected.
Right-click the mouse and select Done Selection, or just press the
Enter key. The entire tunnel will now be lined, as indicated by the
thick blue line segments around the excavation boundary (see
below).
Click through the stages. Notice how the color of the liner
changes from light blue in stages 1 and 2 to dark blue in stage 3.
This indicates that the liner is being installed in stage 3.
The addition of the liner is now complete and it is time to run the
analysis. Before computing, save the file as Tunnel Lining Design
(Part 2)
The Support Capacity Plot dialog allows the user to choose the
support element (i.e. liner type), the number of envelopes, and
the stages from which the liner data is taken.
The following plot is generated. The dark red lines represent the
capacity envelopes for the 3 factors of safety (1, 1.2, 1.4). Notice
the number of liner data points that fall outside the 1.4 design
factor of safety envelope, meaning they have a factor of safety
less than 1.4. This occurs for both the capacity diagrams for the
concrete and the capacity diagrams for the I-beam. In fact,
several points fall outside the factor of safety=1.0 envelope. This
liner would most likely experience cracking and crushing if used in
this tunnel. This design is improved on further in this tutorial.
Let’s investigate some of the things you can do with the support
capacity envelopes.
Ensure that a single plot of the moment capacity for the concrete.
The display should look like:
Select: View > Zoom > Zoom Support Capacity Data
The view is zoomed so that the extents of the plot are determined
by the extents of the moment and axial force data for the
concrete.
Now use the mouse to click on one of the red liner data points.
The data point is highlighted in the support capacity plot view and
the liner associated with this data is highlighted in the main
contour view. This is shown in the following figure.
Right-click in the support capacity plot view and select Filter Data
by FS option. The following dialog is displayed. Change the
Factor of safety used for filtering to Concrete moment. Change
the Maximum value to 1 and turn on the Highlight filtered liners.
What this does is plot all the data points with factor of safety
between 0 and 1 for the concrete moment and show the
associated liner elements in the contour view.
1. Make sure the Tunnel Liner tab is selected. Click on the Common
Types button.
2. In the Reinforcement dialog: Select: W150 x 18 I-beam. Click OK.
3. Increase the thickness of the concrete to 0.2m. The liner
properties dialog should look like:
Adding Support
1.0 Introduction
In this first step of the Support tutorial (Section 2 and 3), the
model is analyzed without support. Both elastic and plastic
analyses are performed.
In the second part of the tutorial (Sections 4 and 5), the model is
analyzed with various forms of support:
Bolts only
Bolts and shotcrete
Bolts and shotcrete in conjunction with load splitting
2.0 Compute
Select: File > Recent Folders > Tutorial Folder and select the
Adding Support Part 1 file
Let’s customize the contours and add some contour labels. Right-
click and select Contour Options.
Select: Tools > Delete All Tools to delete the contour labels.
Let’s define the rock mass to be plastic and re-run the analysis:
Toggle the Material Type to Plastic. Enter residual “mb”, “s”, and
“a” parameters equal to the peak parameters; this defines the
material as ideally elastic-plastic (i.e. no strength drop once yield
is reached).
Select OK.
Select: File > Recent Folders > Tutorial Folder and select the
Adding Support Part 2. In this model, a radial array of 5m long
pattern bolts were installed on a 1x1 meter grid spacing. Bolts
were added by selecting Support > Add Bolt. Bolt properties were
defined by selecting Properties > Define Bolts. For additional
information about adding bolts to a model, visit the RS2 User
Manual.
The yielded zone, based on the extent and location of the yielded
elements, is not discernibly different from the unsupported yield
zone. However, the number of yielded finite elements decreased
from 888 (unsupported) to 794 (bolt support).
Almost all the bolts have yielded, as shown by the bolt sections
highlighted in yellow. This indicates tensile failure of a bolt
element. Remember that “bolt elements” for fully bonded bolts are
defined by the intersections of bolts with the finite elements.
Adding a Liner
2. Click and hold the left mouse button and drag a selection window
which encloses the entire excavation. Release the left mouse
button. Notice that all excavation line segments are selected.
3. Right-click the mouse and select Done Selection or press the
Enter key. The entire tunnel will now be lined, as indicated by the
thick blue line segments around the excavation boundary.
Liner Properties
Let’s re-run the analysis. Save this as a new file called Adding
Support Part 2 Liner.fez. (Make sure to select Save As and not
Save, or the program will overwrite the previous file).
Now let’s see how the addition of the shotcrete liner affected the
strength factor and yielding. Select Strength Factor from the drop-
down menu in the toolbar.
Maximize the view of the file supported with bolts and liner file.
The status bar will indicate the number of yielded liner elements.
1. Tile and zoom the views as described earlier for the strength
factor contours.
2. When displaying the deformation vectors for each view, use a
Scale Factor of 5 (in the Display Options dialog).
Show Values
Note: Show Values options are also accessible through the right-click menu.
Right-clicking on a liner, bolt or joint, the popup menu will provide a Show
Values sub-menu, with direct access to all the applicable data and display
options.
Ensure that the Adding Support Part 2 Liner file view is selected,
before switching back to Model.
Load Splitting:
The previous analyses in this tutorial (i.e. pattern bolt support only
and combined pattern bolt/shotcrete support) assumed that the
support was installed immediately after excavation and that no
displacement takes place prior to the installation of support.
The 0.3 / 0.7 load split assumes that 30 % of the field stress
induced load has been relieved by displacement of the
excavation boundaries before the support is installed. These load
split factors can be estimated from a plot such as shown in
the RS2 Axisymmetric Analysis Tutorial, based on how close the
support can be installed to the advancing face of the tunnel.
1. Make sure the Stage 2 tab is selected (at the bottom left of the
view).
2. In the Assign dialog, select Bolts from the list at the top of the
dialog, and then select the Install button.
3. Press F2 to Zoom All.
4. Use the mouse to click and drag a selection window enclosing all
the bolts in the model.
5. The bolts should now be selected. Right-click the mouse and
select Done Selection, or press Enter. The bolts are now installed
in Stage 2.
6. Now select Liners from the list in the Assign dialog and select the
Install button.
7. Press F6 to Zoom Excavation.
8. Use the mouse to click and drag a window enclosing the entire
excavation. All the liner elements on the excavation boundary
should now be selected.
9. Right-click the mouse and select Done Selection, or press Enter.
The entire liner is now installed in Stage 2.
10. Close the Assign dialog by selecting the X in the dialog or press
Escape twice (once to exit the Install mode, and once to close the
dialog).
Now verify the staging of the support. Select the Stage 1 tab. The
bolts and liner should appear in a light blue colour, indicating that
they are NOT INSTALLED in Stage 1. Select the Stage 2 tab. The
bolts and liner should appear in the dark blue colour, indicating
that they are installed in Stage 2.
Compute
Before analyzing the model, let’s save this as a new file called
Adding Support Part 2 Load Splitting.fez. (Make sure to select
Save As and not Save, or the program overwrite the support4.fez
file).
Compute the model.
There are now more yielded finite elements than before the load
split.
The status bar now indicates the number of yielded bolt elements.
Bolts
Thus far, the nature of the bolts installed has not been discussed.
However, based on the modulus of 200,000 MPa, it can be
assumed that solid steel dowels were used.
This suggests that solid steel dowels may be too stiff for this very
weak and highly stressed rock mass. The high stiffness of the
reinforcement is not compatible with the large plastic strains
which occur near the excavation boundary and which result in
overstressing of the dowel/grout bond. The less stiff cables
provide an almost identical support load (in terms of the extent to
which the plastic zone is restricted and the deformations are
limited) to the grouted dowels, but the cable/grout bond is not
overstressed to nearly the same extent as for the dowels.
Axisymmetric Analysis
1.0 Introduction
The field stress must be axisymmetric i.e., aligned in the axial and
radial directions.
Cannot be used with BOLTS (however LINERS are permitted).
All materials must have ISOTROPIC elastic properties.
This tutorial examines results around the end of the tunnel as well
as along its length, where the conditions are effectively plane
strain. Later, the results will be verified by comparing with a plane
strain analysis.
2.0 Compute
Select: File > Recent Folders > Tutorial Folder and select the
Axisymmetry Tutorial Part 1
3.1 Sigma 1
The square dot markers in the upper right corner of the model
indicate nodes where the difference between Sigma 1 and Sigma
3 is less than a certain tolerance, so that the conditions are
effectively hydrostatic, and a distinction between ‘major’ and
‘minor’ principal stress is not warranted.
3.2 Displacement
Note: the maximum total displacement displayed in the status bar is 0.0024 m,
or just over 2 mm. Although this is quite small, this is because the analysis is
elastic, and a relatively high Young’s modulus was defined in Material
Properties.
Graphs are created from queries with the Graph Material Queries
option. However, a convenient shortcut to graph data for a single
query, is to simply right-click on a query and select Graph Data.
Now let’s create two more queries, this time perpendicular to the
tunnel, and plot them on the same graph.
Two new queries have been created, one along the lower edge of
the model, and a parallel one at the face of the tunnel.
To graph both queries on the same plot, use the Graph Material
Queries option (the right-click shortcut can only be used to graph
a single query).
Note:
Now close the graph view by selecting the X in the upper right
corner of the view (or right-click and select Close Chart).
Select: File > Recent Folders > Tutorial Folder and select the
Axisymmetry Tutorial file 2
Now let’s use the Query and Graph options again to plot the
displacement vs. distance from the tunnel boundary.
1. Enter the point (4, 0) at the first prompt and (28, 0) at the second
prompt. Right-click and select Done, or press Enter.
2. In the Specify Query Locations dialog: enter 50 locations and
select OK.
3. Notice the query created from the right edge of the tunnel to the
right edge of the external boundary. Right-click on the query and
select Graph Data.
4. In the Graph Query Data dialog:
Select: Plot and a graph of total displacement will be generated.
Finally, let’s compare this curve with the equivalent query from
the axisymmetric analysis.
One graph represents the query along the lower edge of the
axisymmetric model.
The other is the query added on the plane strain model.
When the total displacement contours were plotted for the plane
strain tunnel model, the contours begin to get “square” with
increasing distance from the tunnel (immediately around the
tunnel they are circular). The displacements are conforming to the
shape of the external boundary and the fixed boundary condition
imposed on it.
Discretize and Mesh. The external boundary will appear when the
radial mesh is generated.
Carry out the analysis and data interpretation as before.
Re-do the axisymmetric problem and move the right edge of the
external boundary over to 44 meters. This gives an equivalent
distance from the excavation as the plain strain model with an
expansion factor of 5. Compare results with the equivalent plain
strain model.
Presiona OK.
Agregando Apoyo
1.0 Introducción
Solo tornillos
Pernos y hormigón proyectado.
Pernos y hormigón proyectado en combinación con la división de
carga.
2.0 Compute
Seleccione: Archivo> Carpetas recientes> Carpeta tutorial y
seleccione el archivo Agregar parte de soporte 1
Seleccione OK.
Guarde y calcule el modelo (Agregando Soporte Parte 1
Plástico), luego abra Interpretar.
Añadiendo un Liner
Mostrar valores
Nota: las opciones Mostrar valores también son accesibles a través del menú
del botón derecho. Al hacer clic con el botón derecho en un revestimiento,
perno o junta, el menú emergente proporcionará un submenú Mostrar valores,
con acceso directo a todos los datos aplicables y las opciones de
visualización.
División de carga:
Instalando el Soporte
Calcular
Calcular el modelo.
Tornillos