de un edificio.

laswater
lecturasCon
baromtricas
en kg/m
las
supe
1000
con3 un Si
manmetro.
un manmetro
departes
mercurio
y un este3
nectado a un ducto de aire para Pmedir= (9.81
la presin
en el kg/m
interior.
(1000
m/s 2 )[(13,600
)(0.46 m)rior
kg/m
)(0del
.2 m)edificio
e inferior
son la
de presin
730 y 755
mm Hg,(la3respectiva1, gage
toscopio
se
miden
sistlica
presin
mxima
115 es de 15 mm y la
lamercury
La diferencia en los niveles del manmetro
13
,600ykg/m
alturah del
edificio.
Suponga
una
densidad
1mente,
determine
cuando
el
corazn
est
bombeando)
la
diastlica
(la
presin
N
1
kPa

CAPTULO
3
h
=
=
(
0
.
08
m)
=
1.09 m
3
mercury,
water, low
presin atmosfrica es de 100 kPa. a) Establezca
juicio
3. low
- (850un
kg/m
)(0.3con
m)]
3
del
aire
1.18elkg/m
2
2 cuando
dewater
1 kg promedio
1000
kg/m
mnima
corazn
est
en
reposo)
en
mm
Hg.
Las
pre
m/s
1000
N/m

baseabierta
en la figura
P3-29
y 35
determine
si alaPlapresin
en el como
ducto
Compilado
roblemas
Mesanmetros
y transmisin de Presin:
del
ma
est inclinada
respecto
horizontal,
se
siones sistlica y diastlica de una persona sana son de alrede=
56.9
kPa
t
por
arriba
o
por
abajo
de
la
atmosfrica.
b)
Determine
la
preelidensidad dellquido
en el maNote
thatmm
measuring
pressure
a water
monometer
muestra en la figura P3-121. La Cengel
y se
de
Hg y 80blood
Hg,
respectivamente
indican would i
Munson
Discussion
White.
Idor
ng.
W120
aldo
Lizcano
Gmm
mez.
with
sin absoluta
en kg/L
el ducto
lor
Discussion
Note
that jumping
horizontally
tube to the
next andand
realizing
that
pressure
remains the
same
in the
nmetro
es 0.81
y la distancia
vertical
entre
los niveles
dethanfrom
115
theone
persons
height,
thus
it
is
impractical.
This
problem
shows
como 120/80. Exprese estas dos presiones manomtricas why
en mercury
simplifies
the
analysis greatly.
es de same
CHAPTER
3
ape
fluido en las dos ramas
8 cm.fluid
Determine
la presin
mano-measurement
devices.
Cengel
03.qxd
2/22/06
5:26
AM
Page
106
kPa, psi y altura de una columna de agua (en m).
in
mtrica
aireisen
y la longitud
la columna
de fluiculardel
duct
to elbeducto
measured
using
a de
manometer
whose
open
e force
Cengel
03.qxd
2/22/06
5:26
AM
Page
105
3-32 La presin sangunea mxima en el antebrazo de una
la
do en
la rama
inclinada
por
arriba
del
nivel
del as
mismo
en la
G35
eneral
cen72367_ch03.qxd
10/29/04
PM Page
105
arm
is inclined
from
the2:22
horizontal,
shown
in raFig.
cape of Conocimiento
persona sana es de alrededor de 120 mm Hg. Se conecta a la
101
ma vertical.
P3121. The density of the liquid in the manometer is 0.81
ngerous Esta seccin contiene situaciones reales de la vida diaria en
vena un tubo vertical abierto a la atmsfera, en el brazo de una
vuel
03.qxd
2/22/06
5:26
AMdistance
Page
105 ramas
las
ckg/L,
uales
se ethe
ncuentran
den
irectamente
las
ein
ntre
la
and
vertical
between
therelaciones
fluid
the
onstant
3-122I
Considere
un tubo
U cuyas
estn levels
abiertas
a3-32
persona.
Determine
la altura
la que ascender
la sangre
A vertical
tube106
open
to thehasta
atmosphere
is connected
to the vein in th
3-10
y is
la 8presin
generada
el
two del
armsfluido
of the seesttico
manometer
cm.iguales
Determine
theypor
gage
ressure altura
la atmsfera.
Ahora,
vierten
volmenes
de agua
deSolution
PRESIN
Y ESTTICA
DE FLUIDOS
FIGURA
P3-26
eninelheight
tubo.
Tome
lacolumn.
densidad
de
la sangre
comois1to050 kg/m3.
Solution
The
barometric
reading
at
a
location
is
given
of
mercury
The
atmospheric
pressure
3
in the
tube is and
to
be
determined.
se an mismo. Se sugiere esquematizarlas y solucionarlas para ser
pressure
in thelbm/ft
ductbeand
length
of the fluid
has
Chapter
Pressure
and
Fluid
Statics
)determined.
enthe
ramas
diferentes.
Unacolumn
per-blood rises
aceite
ligero of
(r air
! 49.3
Chapter
33 Pressure
Fluid
Statics
metro de tubo en U
FIGURA P3-9
105
ndo
3-31conscientes
3-31
atmosthe inclined
arm
above
thehasta
fluid
levellainsuperficie
the vertical
arm. se
sonainsopla
por de
el lado
aceite
que
conlas del
mismas.
(Seleccionar
las deque
Determine
3
Assumptions
1
The
density
of
blood
is
constant.
2
The
gage
pressure
of bloodla isdifer
12
CAPTULO 3
.
Properties
The
of
mercury
is given
bemm
13,600
systolic
diastolic
pressures
of
adensity
healthy
persontubo
are
giventoin
in
of kg/m
Hg.
pressures
92 Solution
Solution
systolic
andand
diastolic
pressures
offondo
a healthy
person
are
given
Hg. These
These
pressuresare
aretotobebe
la densidad del a
iagram
tacto3122E
deThe
losThe
dos
fluidos
se
mueve
hasta
el
del
propio
consideren
pConsider
ertinentes
L
EER
y

e
squematizar
T
ODAS)
a
U-tube
whose
arms
are
open
to
the
3
in kPa,
meters
of
water
column. The atmospheric
kg/m . Puede ign
en expressed
expressed
kPa,
psi, psi,
andlaand
meters
of water
column.
Analysis
pressure isProperties
determined directly
fromdensity
prima
solucin
completa,
resultados
presin.
Si la lectura
en elismanmetro
cartula
es de3.80 kPa,
= 1050 kg/m
The
of blood
given 105
to bede 105
in atmosphere.
Now
equal
volumesinclusive
of waterlosand
light oilnumricos
(r
CHAPTER
3fluido en el3-37
del Assumptionscon
Both
mercury
and
water
are
incompressible
substances.
unidades
apropiadas
y
tome
la
densidad
del
mercurio
como
determine
la
distancia
entre
los
dos
niveles
del
de Repita el pr
CAPTULO
3
3
Assumptions
mercury
are incompressible
own in 3-10! Both
arewater
poured
from different
arms.
A person
49.3
lbm/ftla)and
a1 N
gage
Determine
presin
atmosfrica
en un substances.
lugar
donde
la
1 kPa

P600
= kg/m
gh 3can
begravedad
expresse
For
given
pressure,
the relation
3.
cuya
esp
FIGURA
P3-20
Patm = gh = (13,600 kg/m3 )( 93Analysis
.81 m/s 2 ) ( 0.750tubo
m
)
3
)
o
b)
13
600
kg/m
en
U,
si
el
fluido
es
a)
mercurio
(r
!
13

2
2
results
with
proper
units,
and
takesurface
the3 and
density
ofkg/m
pressure
isN/m
80 kPa,
the
h dedistance
tubeProperties
is lectura
blows
from
thedensities
oil
side
ofwater
the
U-tube
until
the
contact
esdensities
de
750
mm
Hg.
Tome
la
densidad
del
Wenumerical
take
the
of
water
and
mercury
to
be1000
1000
kg/m
13,600
,,la
respectively.
prima
labaromtrica
solucin
completa,
inclusive
los
resultados
numricos
presin.
Si3the
manmetro
cartula es
80 kPa,between
1lectura
kg m/sengage
1000
el
dedetermine

Properties
We
take
the
of
and
mercury
to
be
kg/m
and
13,600
kg/m
respectively.
3
3-38I
Se
mide
3.
).ghthe
agua
(rtwo
!
1P
000
kg/m
3.
mercury
blood
asfluid
=levels

and del
P =fluido
Setting thesela
mercury
tokg/m
be
13,600
kg/m
the
manometer
if mercury
the fluid
isde(a) .merblood
bloodniveles
mercurio
como
13 600
,oftdeterthe
two
fluids
moves
to
the
of
the
U-tube,
and
thus
3-22
Determine
presin
que
ejerce
sobre
un
buzo
a pressures
30determine
m and
conofunidades
apropiadas
ylaPtome
densidad
mercurio
como
la distancia
losof
dos
engh
elmercury
1 kPa
.del
=se100

100
kPa
=
ghlabottom
Analysis
Using
the
relation
for
gage
pressure,
the
high
and
low
are expressed
as entre
manmetro que se

3
3
= gh for libre
the
gage pressure,
the
high anduna
lowpresin
pressures
are3-27
expressed
3. relation
3)kg/m
) or (b)
1000
). softcury
!asVuelva
13,600
Assume
considerar
3-26.
porleeabajo
deDetermine
la Psuperficie
del
Suponga
eAnalysis
tioUse
b) el
13 600Using
kg/m
tubom
en
U,
el(rfluido
eswea)akg/m
mercurio
(r elwater
!problema
13 (r
600!kg/m
ramas abierta a la
322
the pressure
exerted
onafinal
auna
diver
atto30
tosieach
P3-29
Se
queFIGURA
la
presin
manomtrica
en mar.
un
lquido
Discussion
We
round
off
threeequal
significant
digits.other
1003 kPa
isget
a fairly typical value of atmospheric
3-11
the
relations

1 N deanswer
1para
kPa
3y una gravedad
2
calties de 14.2 psi.
water
ware
de
EES
(o
cualquier
otro
programa
de
este
baromtrica
de
101
kPa
especfica
1.03
o de to profundidad

3-21
Resuelva
el
problema
3-20
usando
el
software
de

).
agua
(r
!
1
000
kg/m

= gh
=the
=
327
Reconsider
Prob.
326.
Using
EES
(or
other)
below
freede
surface
of
the
sea.
Assume
a
barometric
presPhigh
(13,600
kg/m
)(9.81
m/s
)(0.12
m)
16.0
kPa
1
N
1
kPa
dehigh3la
m
es
28
kPa.
Determine
la
presin
pressure
on
land
slightly
above
sea
level.
P
=

gh
=

gh
3-22
Determine
presin
que
se
ejerce
sobre
un
buzo
a
30
m
3
2
bloodkPablood
mercury
mercury
1 kg m/s 2 1 000 N/m 2 =po)
=
Phigh = elghagua
(13,600
kg/m
)(9.81
m/s
)(0.12
m)
16.0
Respuesta:
404.0
kPa
e
investigue
el
efecto
de
la
densidad
del
fluido
manomtride
mar.
erza
high
EES
(o
cualquier
otro
programa
de
este
tipo).
Im

software, investigate
effect
of thesoftmanometer
ofmismo
101 kPa
anddel
specific
gravity
of 12
1.03
seawater.
2 for
2
1una
1 000
manomtrica
en
lquido
aa una
profundidad
de
m.
3-27
Vuelva aand
considerar
el problemathe3-26.
por abajo desure
la el
superficie
libre
mar.
Suponga
presin
N/m
3 Use el la
kg m/s
Solving
for blood
substituting
3 on
diferencia
co,fluid
enheight
eldensity
rango in
de
800range
hastaofgives
13800
000tokg/m
Answer:
404.0
kPa
the
13,000sobre
kg/m
dela11.03
1de
3-23Ide
Determine
la presin
ejercida
sobre
superficie
un
N
kPa
ware
de
EES
(o
cualquier
otro
programa
de
este
ti- the difbaromtrica
101
kPa
y
una
especfica
para
3gravedad
2

= en
3 de tubo en U. Trace la
Plow = ghlow = (13,600 kg/m )(9.81 m/s )(0.08 m)
10.7
kPa
los
niveles
del
fluido
del
manmetro

1
N
1
kPa
13
,
600
kg/m
ferential
fluid
height
of
the
manometer.
Plot
the
differential
2
2
mercury

Air
3
2
submarino
queDetermine
viaja
a)(9.81
300
ftm/s
por)(0.08
abajo
de la1en
superficie
libre N/m
o en
3-30
problema
para
una
diferencia
los
niveRespuesta:
404.0
po)
el efecto
de la= densidad del fluido
el
agua
de
mar.
surface
m/s
kg
1000
323E
thekPa
pressure
exerted
on
the
of eha investigue
= Repita
=el(13,600
Plow
ghlow
kg/m3-29
m)
= grfica
10.7
= kPa
hagainst
(0.12manomtrim)
1.55
m
ydel
de
la
diferencia
dedensity,
alturas and
del
fluido
contra
la densidad
mercury
FIGURA
P3-32the
2
2 blood
1es
3 3sobre
fluid
height
discuss
the= results.
mar.
Suponga
que
la presin
baromtrica
de
14.7
psia
lasea.
r su Noting
les
del
mercurio
de
30
mm.

kg
m/s
1000
N/m
la diferencia
co,
en
el
rango
de
800
hasta
13
000
kg/m

submarine
cruising
300
ft
below
the
free
surface
of
the

1050
kg/m

that
1
psi
=
6.895
kPa,
blood
Determine la presin ejercida sobre la superficie de un
3-23I gravedad
y
comente
los
resultados.
Gas
328delAfluido
especfica
del
agua medirse
de mar es
1.03.
los niveles
del manmetro
de tubo
la 3) is natural
Assume
barometric
is 14.7libre
psiadel
and
theenspemanometer
containing
oil en
(r U.
! Trace
850 kg/m
Noting that
1 psi La
= 6.895
3-31
presin
sangunea
suele
colocando
alredesubmarino
que
viaja
athat
300
ft por
abajo depressure
la superficie
kPa,
the

1 psi
1 psi
gravity =of2.32
Discussion
kPa)cific
Phigh = (16.03-24
psi and
Plow = (10.7 k Pa)
psi
3-33
Considere
aBalturas
un
hombre
defluido
1.8
m contra
de
altura
que
est
en
3-28
Un
manmetro
de
en
U
que
contiene
aceite
(r in
! a tube con
grfica
de
la
diferencia
del
la
densidad
Note
that
blood
cantubo
rise
about
one
and
a half
meters
Aplicaciones
sicas
attached
tothe
a de
tank
filled
with
air.
If
the
oil-level
difference
seawater
isen
1.03.
gas
est
contenido
un
y = 1.55
dor del
antebrazo
persona,
al nivel
del
corazn,
undetubo
mar.
Suponga
que
la
presin
baromtrica
es dispositivo
de
14.7 psia
la1 psikPa
1 Un
ycilindro
una
psi de
6.895
kPa
6.895
3)vertical
2.32
posicin
en aguaa yun
sumergido
por completo
en una
al- diferenest
sujeto
tanque
lleno
con
aire.
Si
la
850
kg/m

(16
.
0
kPa)
=
(10.7
k
Pa)
Phigh = gravedad
=
psi
and
P
=
1.55
psi
y
comente
los
resultados.
between
the
two
columns
is
45
cm
and
the
atmospheric
presIV
tubes
must
be
placed
high
to
force
a
fluid
into
the
vein
of
a
patient.
Recorridos
Manomtricos
de
uno
a
varios
fluidos.

low
mbolo
en
posicin
vertical.
El
mbolo
masa
de kPa
4 kg
6.895
6.895
gas
aplanado
de the
tela
que
seOil
llena
con
aire
vieneuna
equipado
Water
30
intiene
especfica
del
agua
es
1.03.
A
iny aque
vertical,
frictionless
berca.and
Determine la diferencia entre las presiones que actan en
kPa
For a given pressure,
relation
Pis= de
contained
ghmar
is
expressed
for
mercury
and water
aspiston
P = watercia
gh water
324

del is
nivel
del
aceite
entre
las
dos
columnas
es deof45the
cm
y la
2. Un
sure
98
kPa,
determine
the
absolute
pressure
air
in
(Seleccionar
las
que
se
consideren
pertinentes
LEER
y
resorte
comymanmetro.
un cylinder
reaFIGURA
de Con
la
seccin
transversal
de
35
cm
con
un
un
manmetro
de
mercurio
y
un
este3-28 Un
manmetro
tubo de
enlos
U pies
quedecontiene
aceite
(r !
cabeza y en de
los dedos
este hombre
en kPa.
3-4la
device.
The
piston
has toa each
mass
of
4 kgsolving
and
crossP3-122I
Un
gas
est
contenido
un dispositivo
deother
cilindro
y afor
.relation
Setting
these
relations
equal
height
gives
= 3-24
mercury
ghmercury
presin
atmosfrica
es101.75
de 98 kPa
kPa,
determine
absoluta
For a Pgiven
pressure,
themiden
Ppresin
= mbolo
two
gh en
issistlica
expressed
for
mercury
and
water
P =water
wateresquematizar
gh
and
3the
tank.
and
2006
TheasMcGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc.Answer:
Limited
distribution
permitted
onlySi
tola presin
MATERIAL.
2. A compressed
primido
arribalaarea
del
ejerce
una
fuerza
de
60
N
sobre
ste.
T
toscopio
seposicin
(la
presin
mxima
)water
est
sujeto
aODOS)
un
lleno
aire.
diferen850
spring
above
the
pis-kg/m
sectional
ofPROPRIETARY
35mbolo
cm
3-34
Considere
un tanque
tubo en U
cuyascon
ramas
estn la
abiertas
a la
mbolo
en
vertical.
El
tiene
una
masa
de
4
kg
Respuesta:
101.75
kPa
del
aire
dentro
del
tanque.
teachers
and
educators
for
course
preparation.
If
you
are
a
student
using
this
Manual,
you
are
using
it
without
permission.
.
Setting
these
two
relations
equal
to
each
other
and
solving
for
water
height
gives
P = mercury
gh
Si
la
presin
atmosfrica
de 95
kPa,
determine
la presin
en del nivel
atmsfera.
se vierte
aguacolumnas
en una
ramas
tubo
el de
corazn
est
bombeando)
laoncm
diastlica
(laIfpresin
mercury
cia
del aceite
entre
las
dos
es13,600
de 45del
cm
y 3la)y is conmercury
2. Un
329
A Ahora
mercury
manometer
(rde!las
kg/m
ton
exerts
forceghofes60
the
piston.
atmospheric
resorte
comycuando
unPrea
la
deyN35
=el water
ghseccin
=cilindro.
123.4
hwater
= the
hmercury
atransversal
3) en la otra. Una de las ramas con3) est cowater
mercury
mercury
aceiteUn
ligero
(rde
! 98
790
kg/m
Respuesta:
kPa
3-29
manmetro
de
mercurio
(r
!
13
600
kg/m
interior
del
mnima
cuando
el
corazn
est
en
reposo)
en
mm
Hg.
Las
prepresin
atmosfrica
es
kPa,
determine
la
presin
absoluta
nected
to
an
air
duct
to
measure
the
pressure
inside.
The difpressure
is
95
kPa,
determine
the
pressure
inside
the
cylinder.
h

FIGURE
P3122E
mercury
primido arriba del mbolo ejerce una fuerza de 60 N sobre
ste.
water
tiene agua
enducto
un tramo
de
70 para
cm demedir
altura, la
en presin
tanto que
la otra
3-15
nectado
a
un
de
aire
en
el
interior.
siones
sistlica
y
diastlica
de
una
persona
sana
son
de
alredeP
=
gh
=
gh

h
=
h

Respuesta:levels
101.75
kPa
del
aire
dentro
del
tanque.
Answer:
123.4
kPa
ference
in
the
manometer
is
15
mm,
and
the
water
water
mercury
mercury
water
mercury
Therefore,
Si la presin atmosfrica es de 95 kPa, determine la presin
en
contiene
los dos fluidos
unaThe
proporcin
de alturas Companies,
aceite- atmos-Inc. Limite
h con
indican
2006
McGraw-Hill
MATERIAL.
water PROPRIETARY
La
diferencia
en
los
niveles
del
manmetro
es
de
15
mm
y la FIGURA P3
dor
de
120
mm
Hg
y
80
mm
Hg,
respectivamente
y
se
y,el
de
este
modo,
los
niveles
de
los
lquidos
en
las
dos
ramas
3
3)rama.
pheric
is la100
kPa.
(a)
Judging
Fig.
P329,
mercuryin the
agua de pressure
6. Determine
altura
cada
en esafrom
Respuesta:
123.4
kPa
3-29andUn
manmetro
de mercurio
(rde!
13fluido
600
kg/m
est
co- using
interior
del levels
cilindro.
13
,600
the liquid
two arms
arekg/m
the same. If the fluid
teachers
educators
for
course
preparation.
If
you
are
a
student
hwater,
hmercury,
=
(
0
.
12
m)
=
1.63
m
Therefore,
presin
atmosfrica
es
de
100
kPa.
a)
Establezca
un
juicio
con
como
120/80.
estasdel
dos
presiones
manomtricas
en
son
los
mismos.
Si la altura
fluido
en cada
una
de
las
rahigh = Exprese
high
determine
if
the
pressure
in
the
duct
is
above
or
below
thethis Manua
3 gage pressure the
nectado a un ducto de aire para medir la presin en el interior.
height in each
arm is 30 in, determine
the
water
1000 kg/m
3 m).
mercury
base
en la figurapressure.
P3-29 y(b)
determine
si lathe
presin
en elpressure
ducto3-39I
eskPa,espsidey 30
altura
de una columna
de
agua
(en
mas
in, determine
la presin
manomtrica
que la per- La diferencia
13
,
600
kg/m
atmospheric
Determine
absolute
in Repita el
en los niveles del manmetro es de 15 mm y la
person
exerts
onhthe
oilhigh
by =blowing.
3 (0.12 m) = 1.63 m
hwater,
mercury
high = sobre
mercury,cuando
13
,600 kg/m
t
por
arriba
o
por
abajo
de
la
atmosfrica.
b)
Determine
la
pre3
sona
ejerce
el
aceite
sopla.
por
aceite con una
the
duct.

1000
kg/m
3-32
La
presin
sangunea
mxima
en
el
antebrazo
de
una
hwater, low = water
hmercury, low =
(0.08 m) = 1.09 m
presin atmosfrica es de 100 kPa. a) Establezca un juicio con
3123
3 driven by gravity
Intravenous
infusions 1000
are usually
sin absoluta en el ducto
water
60 N3impulsarse
kg/m
3-40
personaLas
sana
es
de
alrededor
de
120
mm
Hg.
Se
conecta
a
la
3-123
infusiones
intravenosas
suelen
por
graP
=
95
kPa
Se mide la
base
en
la
figura
P3-29
y
determine
si
la
presin
en
el
ducto
esosatm
mercury
kg/m height
by hanging
the fluid bottle 13
at ,600
sufficient
to counteract
el tanque, como s
Aceite
h
=
h
=
(
0
.
08
m)
=
1.09
m
vena
un
tubo
vertical
abierto
a
la
atmsfera,
en
el
brazo
de
una
vedad
cuando
se
cuelga
la
botella
de
fluido
a
una
altura
sufit
por
arriba
o
por
abajo
de
la
atmosfrica.
b)
Determine
la
preud,
Discussion
Note
that
measuring
blood
pressure
with
a
water
monometer
would
involve
water
column
heights
higher
=
4
kg
m
water,
low
mercury,
low
arth is
3
3-29
the blood water
pressure in the vein
andkg/m
to force
the Pfluid into the
65 kPa. Determine
70 cm
1000
persona.
altura
hasta
la que
la ysangre
thanciente
the persons
height, andlathus
is impractical.
Thisascender
problem
shows
why
is aabsoluta
suitable fluid
blood pressure Agua Solution
paraDetermine
contrarrestar
laitpresin
sangunea
en la vena
for- mercury
sin
en elforducto
Pon
atm Patm
The air pressure in a duct is me
body.
The
higher
the
bottle
is
raised,
the
higher
the
flow
rate
Chapter 3 Pressure and Fluid Statics AIR
measurement
devices.
. would
en el
Tome
la densidad
la cuerpo.
sangre
1 050
kg/m
zar
esetubo.
fluido
hacia
el interior
del
Cuanto
ms
alto 3se
nbetween the two columns, the absolute pressure in
Discussion
Note
that
measuring
blooddepressure
withcomo
a water
monometer
involve water column heights higher
spheric
3-123 of the fluid will be. (a) If it is observed that the fluid and the
coloque
la
botella,
mayor
ser
el
gasto
del
fluido.
a)
Si
se
obosthe
persons
height,
and
thus
it
is
impractical.
This
problem
shows
why
mercury
is
a
suitable
fluid
for
blood
pressure
0than
at sea
2
Properties
The density of mercury is given to
Solution
It
is
given
that
an
IV
fluid
and
the
blood
pressures
balance
each
other
when
the
bottle
is
at
a
certain
height,
blood pressures balance each
other
the bottle is 1.2 m
A=
35 cmwhendel
quegage
se equilibran
entre
s
las
fluidoflow
y la san610
measurement
devices.
65 kP
and
a certain
the
arm
level
ispresiones
needed
sufficient
ures
at serva
h
=
15
mm
above
thepressure
arm atlevel,
determine
the for
gage
pressure rate.
of The
the gage pressure of the blood and elevation
FIGURA
(a) The pressure in the duct is abo
P = ?P3-34 Analysis
gunea
cuando
la
botella
est
1.2
m
arriba
del
nivel
del
brazo,
P
=
?
ve3-32
of
the
bottle
required
to
maintain
flow
at
the
desired
rate
are
to
be
determined.
City (z
blood. (b) If the gage pressure of the fluid at the arm level
column on the duct side is at a lower level.
vertical
tube
open to the
atmosphere
isbottle
connected
totothe
vein
in the arm of a person. The height that the
determine 1AlaThe
presin
sangunea
manomtrica.
b)
Siis la
presin
m). Solution
Assumptions
IV20
fluid
is incompressible.
2flow
The IV
open
the
atmosphere.
Cengel 03.qxd 2/22/06 5:26 AM Page 108
needs
to
be
kPa
for
sufficient
rate,
determine
how
Aire
blood
rises in the tube
to be determined.
manomtrica
delisfluido
a nivel del brazo es de 20 kPa para
te3-35 El elevador hidrulico enChapter
un(b)taller
de
reparacin
deinStatics
The
absolute
pressure
the duct is determine
re3 Pressure
and
Fluid
the
placed.
Take
the density
of 3the
3-32
Thebottle
densitymust
of thebe
IV fluid
is given
to be
= 1020 kg/m
. fluid
with Properties
a ner high
automviles tiene un dimetro de salida de 30 cm y se deben
un gasto
suficiente,
aP324
qu
debe
colocarse
1 The
density
ofdetermine
blood
is atmosphere
constant.
2altura
The
gage
pressure
of blood
is 120
mmHg.
3.open
3-123
ra- Assumptions
Solution
A vertical
tubethat
toFIGURE
the
is connected
to3 the
veinother
in
the
arm
ofbottle
alevantar
person.
The
height
that de
the2 000 kg. Determine
to be
1020
kg/m
P = Patm + lagh
ined
to
automviles
hasta
presin
Analysis
(a)
Noting
the IV del
fluid
and the
blood 1pressures
balance
each
when
the
ispressures
1.2
m above
the
.
la
botella.
Tome
la
densidad
fluido
como
020
kg/m
FIGURA
P3-24
Solution
It
is
given
that
an
IV
fluid
and
the
blood
balance
each other when the bottle
is at a certain height,
3
blood
rises
in
the
tube
is
to
be
determined.
en

=
1050
kg/m
.
Properties
The
density
of
blood
is
given
to
be
manomtrica
del
fluido
que
debe
mantenerse=en(100
el depsito.
arm
level,
the
gage
pressure
of
the
blood
in
the
arm
is
simply
equal
to
the
gage
pressure
of
the
IV
fluid
at
a
depth
of
1.2
m,
ence is
+
kPa)
(13,600
kg/m3 )(9.81 m/
and
a
certain
gage
pressure
at
the
arm
level
is
needed
for
sufficient
flow
rate.
The
gage
pressure
of
the
blood
and
elevation
325
Reconsider Prob. 324. Using EES (or other)
lAssumptions
y
P
actual
3-36
Agua
dulce
y
agua
de
mar
fluyen
en
tuberas
horizontaatm
of2relation
the
bottle
required
to maintain
at the
desired rateBlood
are to be determined.
1 The
blood
is constant.
The
gage
ofbe
blood
is spring
120
mmHg.
P
P density
gharmsoftware,
= For
a Pgiven
= gage
Patm
Pthe
=pressure
gh
can
expressed
for
Analysis
the
investigate
effect
of
theflow
atm of
-pressure,
bottle
= 102.00 kPa 102 kPa
n laa cir- gage, arm abs FIGURA
IV les paralelas, las cuales
P3-24
estn conectadas

1 kPa
FIGURE
P329 entre s por un man1 kN
3= the
2
108
h
3

force
in
range
of
0
to
500
N
on
the
pressure
inside
the
mercury
and
blood
as
P

gh
and
P
=

gh
.
Setting
these
two
Assumptions
1
The
IV
fluid
is
incompressible.
2
The
IV
bottle
is
open
to
the
atmosphere.
Bottle
(1020
kg/m
)(9.81
m/s
)(1.20
m)
=

bloodis given
blood to be = 1050
mercury
mercury
kg/m
Properties
The
density of blood
ra2 .
1000

FIGURA
Discussion
When measuring pressures
in a flP
3-25
Vuelva
a considerar
el
problema
Use
eland
soft-disPRESIN Y ESTTICA
DE FLUIDOS
IVkg
bottle
13-24.
kN/m 2force,
m/s

3
cylinder.
Plot
the
pressure
against
the
spring

relations equal= to
eachkPa
other we get
12.0
Properties
The density of the IV fluid is given330
to be =Repeat
1020 kg/m
. 329 for a case,
Prob.
differential
mercury
height
of
the
difference
is
between
the
measurement
p
ware
de EESthe
(o relation
cualquierP otro
programa
de este ti- for
= gh
can be expressed
Analysis
For a given the
gage
pressure,
Aire
FIGURA
P3-29 de doble
Blood
P = bloodcuss
ghblood =results.
mercury
3-48
Considere
un manmetro
fluido
sujeto
a un
1.2ghmmercury Analysis
3-50
30blood
mm.
(a) Noting
that
the IV de
fluid and the
pressures balance
each
other
when
the
bottle
is
1.2
m
above
the
po)
e
investigue
el
efecto
de
la
fuerza
del
resorte,
en
el
rango
3-41 Repita el p
hmuestra en la figura P3-48. Si la gravedad
mercury 3-25
and blood asVuelva
P = blood
ghBoth
P =and
mercury
ghmercury
. elSetting
these totwo
considerar
el
problema
3-24.
Use
softblood aand
tubo
de aire,
comothesegage
Si un
326
gage
alamanometer
attached
level,
the
gage
pressure
blood
is simply
equal
pressure of the IV fluid at a depth of 1.2 m,
Solving
for blood
height
andaN.
substituting
gives
(b) To provide
gage
pressure
of
20 kPa
the arm
the
height
ofare
the of
bottle
from inathe arm
de 45
Agua
1.2 mto
0 ahasta
500
Trace
laat
grfica
de
presin
contra
lathefuerza
331
Blood
pressure
is
usually
a kPa.
40 cm measured by wrapping
ware
de
EES
(o
cualquier
otro
programa
de
este
ti3 gh
especfica
de
uno
de
los
fluidos
es
13.55,
determine
la
graverelations
equal
to del
each
other
we
get
dulce
FIGURA
P3-29
terfaz
gas
tank
to
measure
its
pressure.
If
the
reading
on
the arm
level
is
again
determined
from
to
be
P
=

P
,gage,
600
kg/m P
arm
arm - bottle = P
mercury y discuta 13
3-42 La parte
su
Patm = gharm- bottle
los
resultados.
Agua atmgage around
closed
air-filled
jacket
equipped
with absoluta
a pressure
arm = 1.55
70
cm
= resorte
hmercury de
= la
(0resorte,
.gage,
12 m)
po)
investigue
el
efecto
fuerza del
enabsel m
rango de
dad
especfica
del
otro
para
la
presin
aiP = ehblood
=

gh
IV de mar indicada del
mm,
3

dos
compartimen
1
kN
1
kPa
blood ghblood
mercury
mercury
blood
3
2
1050
kg/m
the
upper
arm
of
a
person
at
the
level
of
the
heart.
Using
a

Bottle
)(9.81
m/sen)(1.20 m)
= (1020
60 atmosfrica
cm
de cartula
ylakg/m
otro
de
tubo
3-30
Repita
unade
diferencia
los nive0 hasta 3-26
500 N.Pgage,
Trace
la manmetros,
grfica de launo
presin
contra
fuerza
armDos
re.
Tome
la presin
como
100 kPa.en Respuesta:
2el
Ahora se vierte
un
tiene
1000
1problema
3-29 para
Pg = 80 kPa
harm- bottle
= and substituting gives
kg m/s
kN/m 2and
Solving for blood
height
mercury
de
a stethoscope, the systolic pressure
manometer
estn
a
un
tanque
de
gas
para
medir
su
les
del
mercurio
30
mm.
de
los
lados
y
el
gtheU,
del resorte
y discuta
los
resultados.
=
12.0
k
Pa
5.0
Discussion
Note
that
blood
cansujetos
rise about
one
and
a
half
meters
in
a
tube
connected
to
the
vein.
This
explains
why
3
para com
mercury
(the maximum pressure
thelado
13,600
kg/minto
10 cm when the heart is pumping) andotro
2a patient.
IV tubes
high to=force
fluid
vein
1a000
1
hbloodmust
= be placed
(02the
.12
m)
m tubo en
kgde
3m/s
kN/m
20hkPa
RelLa
espuesta:
13-29
,34)
3-31
presin
sangunea
suele
medirse
alrede3-26
Dos
manmetros,
uno
cartula
y=of1.55
otro
de
3-30 (Otra
Repita
problema
para
una
diferencia
encolocando
los nivemercury

las
alturas
finales
diastolic
pressure
(the
minimum
pressure
when
the
heart
is
Mercurio
=
=
2.0
m

FIGURE
P3123
1050 kg/m
de
a gage
1 kN
1 kPa
(b) To
pressure
kPadel
at the
arm
level,
the bottle
from3-30
dor
del
antebrazo
deofuna
persona,
al The
nivelsystolic
del corazn,
un tubo
(1020blood
kg/m
)(9.81sujetos
m/s 2 ) a un
U, 3estn
tanque
gas para
su of 20 les
mercurio
dethe
30height
mm.
mine la densidad d
1.2 m
provide
medir
resting)
are
measured
in
mmHg.
and
diastolic
the arm level is again determined from Pgage, armaplanado
to beP3-36
= gharm- bottle
Solution
The
air pressure
a ductcon
is el
mea
FIGURA
seinmezcla
de
que why
seperson
llena con
aire
y que
viene
equipado
Discussion
that
thethe
blood
canofrise
about one
halftometers
a tube
to pressures
the
vein.
This
of tela
aexplains
healthy
are
about
120
mmHg
and
80 pressure
La
presin
sangunea
medirse
colocando
alrede-the
DiscussionNoteNote
that
height
the reservoir
canand
be aused
control in
flow
ratesconnected
in3-31
gravity driven
flows.
When
there
is suele
FIGURA
P3-123
between
themercurio
two columns,
absolute
in
Gas
con
un
manmetro.
Con
un
manmetro
de
y
un
esteIV tubes
must
be
placed
high
to
force
a
fluid
into
the
vein
of
a
patient.
mmHg,
respectively,
as 120/80.
flow, the pressure drop in the tube due to friction should also be
raising
thede
bottle
little and
dorresult
del inantebrazo
unaa persona,
al are
nivelindicated
del corazn,
un tuboExpress
h =considered.
? Pgage, arm This will
3-15
toscopio
se
miden
la
presin
sistlica
(la
presin
mxima
Properties
The
density
of
mercury
is
given
to
harm- bottle =
higher to overcome pressure drop.
both
of these
kPa,viene
psi, equipado
and meter water
aplanado
depermitted
tela
queonly
segage
llena
con aire in
y que
Companies,
distribution
to pressures
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2006 The McGraw-Hill
g Inc. Limited
cuando
el corazn
est bombeando)
y la diastlica
(lapressure
presin
Analysis
(a)
in the duct is ab
column.
Aire
teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you
are
using
it
without
permission.
con
un
manmetro.
Con
un
manmetro
de
mercurio
y
un The
este2
2
1000 kg mnima
m/s
1
kN/m
20 kPa
cuando
el
corazn
est
en
reposo)
en
mm
Hg.
Las
prelower
level.
toscopio se miden

==76
=
2.0
m
la
presin
sistlica
(la
presin
mxima
P
kPa
332
The maximum
blood
pressure
in sana
the upper
of a
sistlica
1 kNsiones
diastlica
de una
persona
son dearm
alrede(1020 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )
1 kPaest
ybombeando)
40 cm
The
inopen
the duct
cuando el healthy
corazn
la (b)
diastlica
(la pressure
presin
is about
120yHg,
mmHg.
If absolute
a vertical
tube
to is determine
3-15
dor de 120person
mm Hg
y 80 mm
respectivamente
y se indican
cuando
corazn
est
enrates
reposo)
en
mm
Hg.
Las
preInc.height
Limited
permitted
toflow
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2006 The McGraw-Hill
Discussion Companies,
Note that the
ofmnima
thedistribution
reservoir
canatmosphere
beelused
to only
control
in
gravity
driven
flows.
When
there
is
the
is
connected
to
the
vein
in
the
arm
of
the
perP
=
P
+

gh
atm
como 120/80. Exprese estas dos presiones
manomtricas en
teachers and educators for course preparation. If you
student drop
usinginthis
you
are
using
ity without
permission.
3
flow,are
thea pressure
the Manual,
tube due
to
friction
should
also
be considered.
will
result
raising
bottle
akg/m
little
siones
sistlica
diastlica
dehigh
unaThis
persona
sana
son
deinthe
son,
determine
how
the
blood
will
rise
the
tube.
Take
= in
+alrede(100
kPa)
(13,600
)(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.
kPa,
psi
y
altura
de
una
columna
de
agua
(en
m).
higher to overcome pressure drop.
2
dor de 120 mm Hg y 80 mm Hg, respectivamente 3y se GE
indican

FLUID
umn Repita
be ignored
inMECHANICS
the analysis?
3-37
el problema
3-36, reemplazando el aire con aceite
SG = 1.0
Aceite
108
cuya
gravedad
especfica
es
337
Prob.
336 de
by 0.72.
replacing
the air
with oiltowhose
348 Repeat
Consider
a double-fluid
manometer
attached
anSGair
the system
shown
Fig. P350. If a change
= 0.88 350 Consider
PRESIN
Y ESTTICA
DE in
FLUIDOS
Mercurio
60
specific
ispresin
0.72.
3-38I
Se gravity
mide
encm
gas natural
el
pipe shown
in la
Fig.
P348.
Ifuna
thetubera
specificdegravity
of onecon
fluid
of 0.7 kPa in the pressure of air causes theSG
brine-mercury
= 13.6
Considere
un manmetro
de
doble
fluido
sujeto a un
3-50
quepressure
se muestra
la figura
P3-38I,
con
una
de anmetros
las
is 13.55,The
determine
the
gravity
of
theis
other
fluid
for
interface3-48
inythe
right column
to drop
by
5 mm
in the
manmetro
10 cm
Compilado
roblemas
M

t
ransmisin
d
e
P
resin:
brine
338E
in specific
a en
natural
gasPpipeline
measured
by
B
tubo
de aire,
comowhile
se108
muestra
en la figura
P3-48.
Si la gravedad
Si
un
ramas
abierta
a
la
atmsfera
en
donde
la
presin
atmosfrica
lothe
indicated
absolute
pressure
of
air.
Take
the
atmospheric
level
in
the
right
column
the
pressure
in
the
brine
pipe
manometer shown in Fig. P338E with one of the arms
FLUID
MECHANICS
FIGURA
P3-51
calthe

Cengel

M
unson

W
hite.

Ing.
Waldo
izcano
Gfluidos
mez.

especfica
de Luno
dethe
losratio
es
13.55,
determine
la graveterfaz
es
de
14.2
psi.
Determine
la
presin
absoluta
en
la
tubera.
Answer:
5.0
/A
.
pressure
to
be
100
kPa.
remains
constant,
determine
of
A
2
1
open to the atmosphere where the local atmospheric
pressure
15 cm
dad
especfica
del otro
para la presin
absoluta
indicada
ai348
Consider
a double-fluid
manometer
attached
to del
an air
350
mm,
the absolute pressure in the pipeline.
is 14.2 psia. Determine
Respuesta:
re.pipe
Tome
la presin
como
de
100
kPa.
shown
in Chapter
Fig.atmosfrica
P348.
If
the
specific
gravity
of
one
fluid
of
0.7
tiene
3 Pressure and Fluid Statics
Chapter 3 Pressure and Fl
5.0
is 13.55, determine the specific gravity of the other
fluid for
interfa
3-52
of air. Take the atmospheric
2 pulg 3-52
Aire
20 cm
the indicated
absolute
level
2 in Solution
Air
A multi-fluid
is connected
to apressure
U-tube.
For
the column
given
specific
gravities
colum
Solution
A multi-fluid container
is connected
to a U-tube.
For3-52
thecontainer
given
specific
gravities
andmltiples
fluid
heights,
Un
recipiente
con
fluidos
est
conectado
a and
un fluidremai
Answer:
5.0
pressure
to
be
100
kPa.
the gage pressure at A and the height of a mercury column that would create the same pressure at A are to be dete
Air
the gage 2/22/06
pressure at5:26
A andAMthe height
of a mercury column that wouldtubo
create
at A are
determined.
Cengel 03.qxd
Page 104
enthe
U,same
comopressure
se muestra
en to
la be
figura
P3-52. Para las
Mercurio
Air
GasP = 76
Assumptions 1 All the liquids
are incompressible.
2yThe
multi-fluid
container
is open to
kPa
cen72367_ch03.qxd
2:22
PM
Page
104
gravedades
especficas
las
alturas
de
las
columnas
dethe
losatmosphere.
fluiSG =10/29/04
13.5
10 pulg
natural
Natural
Assumptions
1 All
theinliquids are
incompressible. 2 The multi-fluid container is open to the atmosphere.
40 cm
10
dosgravities
dadas,are
determine
presin
manomtrica
en oil.
A. We
Adems
Properties
The specific
given to bela1.26
for glycerin
and 0.90 for
take the standard
water
en
Gas
Brine
3
la altura
de We
una
columna
de
mercurio
que creara
la
kg/mdetermine
, and
the0.90
specific
of
mercury
to bestandard
13.6.
be w =1000
Properties
The specific gravities are25given
to beto1.26
for glycerin
and
forgravity
oil.
take
the
density
of
pulg water
adifferalpipe
25
in
3
Aire
FIGURA
P3-49
A.
Respuestas:
0.471
kPa,
0.353
cm
misma
presin
en
he
toes
SG = 1.1
n en
of mercury
to be
13.6.
water to be w =1000 kg/m , and the specific
Analysis
Starting
with
the atmospheric
pressure on the top surface
Water Air
SG gravity

aatmola
e arm,
bo
y
m
conconsotra
both
ne the
eite-

output
Deterin the
n de
eben
zontal
sin
U-tube
.

ontaan-

6 pulg

P = by
76 adding
kPa (asChapter
of the container and moving along the tube
we go down)
or
3 Pressure
and Fluid Statics

104
6 in
P = 76 kPa
Analysis
Starting
with
on the
topgosurface
40 cm
subtracting
(as we
3-40 the atmospheric pressure
Oil
PRESIN Y ESTTICA DE FLUIDOS
Area, up)
A1 the gh terms until we reach point A, and 40 cm 70 cm
22
cm the tube by adding (as we go
of the container and moving
along
down)
or
Solution
The gage pressure
in aequal
pressurized
water tank is measured simultaneously by both a pressure gage
SG=0.90
setting of
theair
result
to PA give
3-4Csubtracting
Se suspende
un diminuto
aceroThe
endifferential
agua
meEn una
localidad
lee que la presin absoluta en A
agua a
and
a
manometer.
height
h of3-12
mercury
column
is to besedetermined.
(as we
thecubo
ghdeterms
until
we por
reach
point
A,theand
Mercurio
104 go up)
Patm + oil ghoil + w gh70
gly ghgly = PA Oil
w cm
Mercury
GE
dio de un cable.
Si
las
longitudes
de
los
lados
del
cubo
son
muy
una
profundidad
de
5
m
es
de
145
kPa.
Determine
a)
la
presin
2
Area,
A
SG
=
13.6
FLUID
MECHANICS
2
Mercury with elevation
Assumptions
The air Agua
pressure in the tank is uniform (i.e., its variation
is negligible due to its SG
low
density),
SG=0.90
give
settingqu
the result
equal SG
tohabra
P
= A13.6
SG
= 13.55
Water
30 cm 2
pequeas,
comparacin
entre las magnitudes
de las

rea,
1
y=specific
b)
la gage
presin
absoluta, en la misma localiWater
13.56
Rearranging
andatmosfrica
using
definition
of
gravity,
and thus the pressure at the
is thethe
same
aslocal
theSG
indicated
pressure.
34C Asobre
tiny la
steel
cube
is suspended
in ywater
by a air-water
string.lateIfinterface
312
The
absolute
pressure
in
water
at22a cm
depth
of
5 m is espresiones
parte
superior,
el fondo
las
superficies
dad,
a
una
profundidad
de
5
m
en
un
lquido
cuya
gravedad
P
+

gh
+
gh

gh
=
P
3
FIGURAofP3-38I
atm sides
oil of Properties
oil
w
w We
gly
glydensity
A of water
Area, A
PAread
to
Patm
SG
w gh
ghw SG
w gh
cm
kg/m
. The
oil
and mercurypresare given
to
take small,
the
be
the de
lengths
the
the cube
are
very
how
to=be
Determine
(a)gravities
local
atmospheric
oil + SG
w w specific
glythe
glyof22
w =1000
Glycerin
rales
ese cubo?
FIGURE
P338E
pecfica
esoil145
de kPa.
0.85.
20
cm
be
0.72
and
13.6,
respectively.
would you compare the magnitudes of the pressuresor on the
sure, and (b) the 30
absolute
at a depth of 5 m in a liqWater
cm pressure
90 cmSG=1.26
2 ! 14.223 psi.
Rearranging
the definition
of specific
gravity,
3-13I
Demuestre
que 1 kgf/cm
3-5C
Exprese
laand
Leyusing
de338E
Pascal
y the
d
un
ejemplo
de oil
aplicacin
top,
bottom,
and
side
surfaces
of
cube?
uid
whose
specific
gravity
is= 0.85
at the
same
location.
339E
Repeat
Prob.
by
replacing
air
by
with
a
Analysis
Starting
with
the
pressure
of
air
in
the
tank
(point
1),
and
moving
along
the
tube
by
adding
(as
we
go down)
FIGURE
P348
GE
13.55
3-39I
Repita el problema 3-38I, ahora reemplazando
el aire PA,gage = g w ( SG oil hoil + SG w hw SG
1 gly hgly )
real
de ella.
the
SG
13.55
specific
gravity
0.69. =especfica
2 !
3-14I
hombre
que
pesa
200
lb
tiene
de imorand
subtracting
up)
terms
until weUn
reach
the free
surface
of
oil
where
theun
oilrea
tube total
is exposed
to the
1=
Pgravedad
SG
+(as
SGwew gow gh
SGgh
14.223
psi.
35C
Pascals
real-world
example
313E
Show
that
1
kgf/cm
A Patm law,
oil give
w gh
oila0.69.
w
gly w gh
gly
por
aceiteExpress
con unaof
de
Glycerin
Substituting, FIGURE P350
2. Determine la presin que este

presin
de
sus
pies
de
72
in
atmosphere,
and
setting
the
result
equal
to
P
gives
3-6C
dos ventiladores
uno a nivel
del
20man
cm has a total
atm
of
it. Considere
340
gage
the airidnticos,
in the
in Fig.
SG=1.26
or
314E
A
200-lb
area oflos72dos
in2.
3-40
SeThe
mide
la pressure
presin of
manomtrica
deltank
aireshown
que est
en
hombre
ejerce
sobre
el suelo si a) foot
est imprint
parado sobre

1 kN pies
mar
y
el
otro
en
la
cima
de
una
montaa
alta,
que
funcionan
a
P340
is
measured
to
be
65
kPa.
Determine
the
differential
2
3
349
The
pressure
difference
between
an
oil
pipe
and
water

Determine
the pressure
this
on(0.the
ground
if (a) 2
identical
=(9.81
+man
m/s
kg/m
)[0sobre
.90(0.70
m)de
1(ellos.
0.3exerts
m) 1.26
70
Pand
el36C
tanque,Consider
como se two
muestra
en lafans,
figuraone
P3-40,
yghlevel
resulta
ser
de
A,gh
gagethe
65m)]
kPa
P1 at
+habra
sea
Hg
oil gh
=)(1000
Pest
y
b)
parado
uno

w
w
Hg
oil
atm
velocidades
idnticas.
Qu
comparacin
entre
a)
los
height
h
of
the
mercury
column.

1000
kg
m/s
=double-fluid
g hw en
SGlos
asSG

pipe
measured
by
manometer,
shown
A,
gageamountain,
oil hniveles
oil + SG
w hw
gly hgly in
stands on both feetFIGURA
and (b)P3-48
he stands on one foot.
on
top of aPdiferencia
high
running
at de
identical
speeds.
65other
kPa.is
Determine
mercurio.
P348
he
FIGU
15 cm
Rearranging
gastos
volumtricos
y given
b) los(a)
gastos
de
masa
de
estos
dos
venti,
3-152 =Considere
unaFIGURE
mujer de
70 kg que tiene un rea total
de
Fig.
P349.
For
the
fluid
heights
and
specific
gravities,
=
0
.
471
kN/m
0.471
kPa
How
would
you
compare
the
volume
flow
rates
and
(b)
351 Consider
Two water
tanks woman
are connected
to aeach
through
Substituting,
315
a pies
70-kg
who
has
totalother
foot
imprint
2Air
ladores?
.
Quiere
caminar
sobre
la
nieimpresin
de
sus
de
400
cm
FIGUR
The
equivalent
mercury
column
height
is
w gh w manometer
PA=. oil ghoil + Hg ghHgamercury
calculate
the pressure
!P " PP1B#Patm

the
mass flow
rates of difference
these two fans?
2 She wishes
with inclined
tubes,
as hsnow,
shownbut
in Fig.
Oil
to walk
on the
the
area
of 400
ve, pero
stacm
no. soporta
presiones
mayores
de2oil0.5 kPa.
Deter

2
65
kPa
3-7
Un
manmetro
de
vaco
conectado
a
una
cmara
da
una
or,
1
kN
P351.
If
the
pressure
difference
between
the
two
tanks
is
SG
=
0.72
P

2connected to a
pressures
greater
than
0.5 kPa.
Deter37P A vacuum
reads
1000
kg m/s
kN/m
, gagecannot withstand
0.471
mine
mnimo
de losdifference
zapatos
para
nieve
que
ella
nece= kPa,
1snow
(9.81gage
m/s
)(1000
kg/m 3la)[chamber
0P.90(Aceite
0.70
m) +24
1(0kPa
.3es
.A26
(0el
.=70tamao
m)]

349
The
pressure
between
an .oil
pipe
water
00353
m =and
0.353
cm
hm)
gage24
Hg = 20 kPa,
lectura
de
en
unthe
lugar
donde
3u.of 2
2
1000
Water
akg/m
and
= 0(imprint
calculate
1,gageSGatmosfrica
75 cmpresin
mine
the
minimum
size
the
snowshoes
needed
at a A,location
where
atmospheric
pressure
is h92+ kPa.
65 kPa
Hg g(rea
1
kN
(13.6)(100
0
)
(9.81
m/s
)

kg
m/s

= =s,0.72

h
sita
de
impresin
por
zapato)
para
que
pueda
caminar

pipe is measured by a double-fluid manometer,

as
shown
in
oil oil
s, Hg Hg
w
h
deDetermine
92 kPa. Determine
la
presin
absoluta
en
la
cmara.
Hg
Se
la her
diferencia
presin
entrewithout
un tubo de aceite
3-51
w g
area
shoe) sin
to mide
enable
to walkdeon
the snow
the absolute pressure
in75
thecmchamber.
sobreper
la3-49
nieve
hundirse.
Fig. P349.
For the given fluidhwheights and specific gravities,
351
= 0Air
.471 kN/m 2 = Substituting,
0.471 kPa
y
uno
de
agua
con
un
manmetro
de
doble
fluido,
como
se
man
sinking.
Discussion
Note
that
the
high
density
of
mercury
makes
it
a
very
suitable
fluid
for
measuring
high
pr
3-8I
un manmetro
medir lathe
presin
del aire
38ESe Ausa
manometer
is usedpara
to Water
measure
air pressure
in en
a
. una
calculate
thevaco
pressure
difference
!P
PB # yPAda
amues
mer
3-16 Un
medidor
de
est
conectado
a un"
tanque
The
equivalent
mercury
column
height
is
muestra
en
la
figura
P3-49.
Para
las
alturas
y
las
gravedades
manometers.
AThe
Aire
untank.
tanque.
El
fluido
tiene
una
gravedad
especfica
de
1.25
y
la
316
Adevacuum
to alatank
reads
30 kPa at esa de
fluid used has
a specific gravity of 1.25, and the
2
P351
30 cm Agua
lectura
30 kPa gage
endadas
unconnected
lugar
donde
lectura
baromtrica
Mercury 1000 kg m/s
especficas
de reading
los
fluidos
calcule
la Determine
diferencia de presin
dos t
ramos
65 kPa
h
diferencia
deheight
alturasbetween
losthedos
del
manmetro
es is
de location
where
them)
barometric
is 755
mmHg.
differential
two
of
the
manometer
2(0.75
2
arms

=
0
.
72

+
13.6

0
.
3
m
Water
Pentre

20 kP
Hg
755
mm
Hg.
Determine
la
presin
absoluta
en
el
tanque. Tome
1000

m/s
SG = 13.62
0.471
3 kN/m
2 kg
A, gage
(1000 kg/m

3-49
!P
"
P
#
P
.
30
cm
3
B 3 in
A the
)Mercurio
(9.81
m/s
) deter mthe
kg/m
2828in.in.LaIf presin
atmosfrica
es
psia.psia,
Determine
Glycerin
pressure
Take
r ! 13,590 kg/m .
theh Hg
local
is 12.7
pressure
1 kPa.
!
= atmospheric
= local
m tank.
= 0.353
cm
h de 12.7
A 13 590
. Respuesta:
70.6
kPaHg
rHg1absolute
3= 13.6
2
Solution
The
pressure
differenceand
between
= 0.00353
Chapter
3 Pressure
Fluid tw
St
SG
elHgtanque
g in(13.6)(100
kN70.6 kPa
= 1.26
0for
kg/m
)(9.81ofm/s
a
Water
lamine
presin
sitheelSG
ramo
del
manmetro
sujethe absoluta
absoluteenpressure
tank
the
cases
the ) Answer:

heights
and
specific
gravities,
the
pressure
difference
3-9
SG = 1.0
Oil
3-17I
Un
manmetro
est
conectado
a
un
tanque
y
da
una
gives
h
=
0.47
m.
Therefore,
the
differential
height
of
the
mercury
column
must
be
47
cm.
Solving
for
h
tomanometer
al tanque
tiene
el
nivel
del
fluido
a)
ms
alto
y
b)
ms
bajo
arm with the (a) higher and Hg(b) lowerHg fluid level
Water
317E
A water
pressure
connected
tolaaamulti-fluid
tank reads
50thepsi
at a are
cm donde
= 0.88 in a pressurized
A tank
2a by
Solution
TheSG
pressure
is26.8
measured
manometer.
The
gage pressure o
Assumptions
All
liquids
incompressible.
lectura de
50 psi
engage
un
lugar
lectura
baromtrica
que
otroattached
ramo. to the
a of
being
B es de
Double of
instrumentation
likelocation
thisitallows
one suitable
to verify
the
measurement
one inHg.
ofhigh
the Determine
instruments
by
60 tank.
cm thatDiscussion
Discussion
Note
the
high
density
mercury
makes
a
very
fluid
for
measuring
pressures
inthe
where
the
barometric
reading
is
29.1

FIGURE P340
in
the
tank
is
to
be
determined.
29.1
in
Hg.
Determine
la
presin
absoluta
en
el
tanque.
Tome
of another
instrument.
Properties
The specific
to
b
Wat
lbm/ft3.gravities are given
the
the tank. 64.29
Take
rHg ! 848.4
39manometers.
water in
tankque
is measurement
pressurized
air, and
the pres3-9
SeThe
presuriza
el aagua
est en
un by
tanque
mediante
aire
10 cm
3
! 848.4pressure
lbm/ft3. inRespuesta:
psia
rHgabsolute
Glycerin
FIGURA
P3-40
A

=1000
kg/m
.
standard
density
of
water
to
be
B
w
Assumptions
The
air
pressure
in
the
tank
is
uniform
(i.e.,
its
variation
with
elevation
is
negligible
due
to
its
low
dens
341
Repeat
Prob.
340
formanmetro
a gage
pressure
45 kPa.
Answer: 64.29 psia
is measured
by acon
multifluid
manometer
asofshown
in Fig.
Mercury
u
Ag
y sure
se mide
la presin
un
de fluidos
mltiples,
SG = 1.26
Water est
3-18at the
Un air-water
manmetro
conectado
a un
tanque
y da una
lecSG
= 13.6
A
and
thus
wein
canthe
determine
interface.
A
P39.
the
gage
pressure
ofdivided
air
tank
if the
h1 pressure
Analysis
Starting
with
the
pressure
in
the
water
como
muestra
enofla
figura
P3-9.
Determine
la
presin
SG
=
1.0
342 seDetermine
The
top part
a water
tank
is
into
two
comOil
318
A500
pressure
gage
connected
tolaa presin
tank reads
500 kPa es
at de
15 cm
tura
de
kPa
en
un
lugar
donde
atmosfrica

gh
terms
until
we
r
or
subtracting
(as
we
go
up)
the
!
0.2
m,
h
!
0.3
m,
and
h
!
0.46
m.
Take
the
densities
of
3
SG = 0.88
0.2 m,
hmanomtrica
0.3 m,anyof mercury,
manomtrica
del
aire en in
el 3-40,
tanque
si huna
3 P342.
3-41
Repita2as
el shown
problema
para
presin
partments,
Fig.
Now
a fluid
with
a94
location
where
atmospheric
is
94 kPa.
Deter1 !
2 !
, respectively.
Properties
The
densities
and the
oillaare
given60absoluta
tocmbepressure
13,600,
1000,
and 850
kg/m
FIGURE
P351
3, 850
3 and
kPa.water,
Determine
presin
en el
tanque.
oil,m.
and
mercury
to into
be 1000
kg/m
!
Tome
densidades
delside,
agua,and
el aceite
y el, level
merh3water,
Glicerina
de
45 0.46
kPa.
unknown
density
islaspoured
one
the kg/m
water
mine
the
absolute
pressure
in
the
tank.
PA + w gh w + Hg gh Hg gly ghgly + pil ghoil =
3
3
3
3
, respectively.
13,600
= moving
1.26
Analysis
Starting
with
the pressure
1 at thedeair-water
interface,daSG
and
the tube by adding (a
Agua
10
cmlecturaalong
3-19 at
Elpoint
barmetro
un montaista
una
de 930
850the
kg/m
, yde
13agua
600
kg/m
, respecticurio
1 000
kg/m ,de
risescomo
a kg/m
certain
amount
on
other
side
to est
compensate
for
3-42
La
parte
superior
dividida
en
B
of
a caminata
mountain
reads
930althe
mbars
20 cm un tanque
SG
= 1.0
Aceite
go down)
orshown
subtracting
(as
we go319
up) theThe
ghbarometer
terms
until
reach Rearranging
point
and
setting
result
to Patm gravi
sinc
mbars
alprincipio
de
unawe
yhiker
de2,780
mbars
final
de equal
vamente.
this
effect.
Based
on
the
final
fluid
heights
on
the
figand
using
the
definition
of specific
dos compartimentos, como se muestra en la figura P3-42. at the beginning of a hiking trip and 780 mbars at the end.
SG = 0.88
ella. Desprecie el efecto de60lacm
altitud sobre la15aceleracin
graviure,
determine
the
density
of
the
fluid
added.
Assume
the
liqtube
is
open
to
the
atmosphere
gives
Ahora se
vierte un fluido con una densidad desconocida
en uno
352 A multifluid
container
isonconnected
a wU-tube,
as
PB gravitational
PA to
=cm
SG
w gh
Neglecting
the yeffect
of altitude
local
accelOil
w + SG Hg w ghHg SG gly w ghg
Mercury
tacional local
determine
la distancia
vertical
que
ha escalado.
noty mix
with del
water.
FIGU
deuid
losdoes
lados
el nivel
agua se eleva cierta cantidad en el
shown in
Fig. P352.
For thedistance
given specific
gravities
and
eration,
determine
the
vertical
climbed.
Assume
an
SG = 13.5
10
cm
3
= gkg/m
w ( SG. w hResSuponga
una
densidad
promedio
del aire de 1.20
w + SG
Hg hHg SG gly hgly +
B
3
P1 + Con
gh
+

gh

gh
=
P
AIR el efecto que se produce.
otro lado para compensar
base
en
fluid
column
heights,
determine
gage pressure
water
1
oil average
2
mercury
3
atm 1.20
1274 m at A. Also
air density
of
kg/m .theAnswer:
Air
puesta: 1274 m
FIGU
Substituting,
las alturas finales de los
determine
the
height
of
a
mercury
column
that
would
create
20
cm
1 fluidos, mostradas
Solving forenP1,la figura, deterCengel
03.qxd
2/22/06
5:26
AM
116 1 the
320
The
basic
barometer
can
be
used
to
15Page
cmmeasure
3-20same
Sepressure
puede usar
barmetro
bsico
medir
mine
la densidad
FIGURE
P349 del fluido aadido. Suponga que el lquido no
0.471
kPa,para
0.353
cm la altura
the
at IfA.un
height
of
a building.
theAnswers:
barometric
readings
thepartes
top and
WATER
ungh
edificio.
Si gh
las3 lecturas
baromtricas
enatlas
P1 = Patm water gh1 de oil
+ mercury
352
se mezcla con el agua.
2 supe2
Mercury
PAmmHg,
= (9.81 m/s
)(1000 kg/m 3 )[1(0.6 m) + 13
h1
at the bottom of a building are 730 andPB755
respecrior
e
inferior
del
edificio
son
de
730
y
755
mm
Hg,
respectivashown
SG = 13.5
2
or,
tively, determine the height20
ofcm
the building. Assume an averh1
mente, determine la altura 3del
edificio.
Suponga
una
densidad
fluid
2
= 27.7 kN/m = 27.7 kPa
P1 Patm = g ( mercuryage
h3 air
water
h1 of
oil1.18
h2 ) kg/m . 3 3-31
density
3-52
promedio
del .aire
de 1.18
kg/m .
determ
PROPRIETARY
MATERIAL
2006
The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted
only
h3
tubo
hpe
teachers and educators for course
preparation.
If
you
are
a
student
using
this
Manual,
you
are
using
it
without
h2
116
FIGURE
P349
Mercurio
the
sa3
Therefore,
the
pressure
in
the
oil
pipe
is
27.7
kPa
high


Noting that P1,gage = P1 - Patm and substituting, PRESIN
grave
Y ESTTICA DE FLUIDOS
SG = 13.5
Water
h2
Ptop = 730 mmHg
dos d
3-124 Se conecta 3una lnea de gasolina a unA manmetro de
2
3
deter
P1, gage = (9.81 m/s )[(13,600 kg/m )(0.46 m) (1000 kg/m )(0.2 m)
cartula
travs de un manmetro de U doble, comoWater,
se muestra
FIGURA aP3-49
mism
en
Si la lectura del manmetro deSG=1.0
cartula es
la 1figura
P3-124.
N
1 kPa
Mercury
3

- (850 kg/m )(0.3 m)]de 370 kPa,

h = ?
la
2 presin manomtrica de la lnea de
1 kg m/s 2 determine

1000 N/m
gasolina.

FIGURE P39

= 56.9 kPa

60 cm

3-21
2006 The
McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Limited
permitted
only to remains the same i
PROPRIETARY
Discussion MATERIAL.
Note that jumping
horizontally
from
one tubeInc.
to the
nextdistribution
and realizing
that pressure
teachers
educators
preparation.
If you are a student using this Manual, you
using
it without permission.
310 Determine
the atmospheric
pressure
atforacourse
location
P botare
= 755
mmHg
FIGURA P3-9
sameand
fluid
simplifies
the analysis
greatly.
3-31
where
the barometric reading
is 750 .mmHg.
density
PROPRIETARY
MATERIAL
2006Take
The the
McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to
3
of mercury to be 13,600 kg/m .

Assumptions

1 All the liquids are incompressible. 2 The effect of air column on pressureSG
is =negligible.
13.6

MECHANICS
Piston
Agua
tieneFLUID
agua en
un tramo de 70 cm de altura, en tanto que la otra

Properties
The specific
gravities
of oil, mercury,
and gasoline are given to be 0.79, 13.6, and 0.70, respectively. We
contiene
los
fluidos
con una
proporcin
de alturas
Liquid
3124 A gasolinedos
line
is connected
to a pressure
gage aceiteOil
3
FIGURA P3-38I
take theladensity
of
to be w en
= 1000
kg/m .
agua
de 6. Determine
altura
dewater
cada
esa rama.
through
a double-U
manometer,
as shown
in fluido
Fig. P3124.
If
the reading of theCompilado
we go
P
roblemas
Mthe
anmetros
yP t0 ransmisin
de thePtube
resin:
Analysis
withdetermine
the pressure
indicated by the pressure
and moving along
by adding (as
=gage
30 kPa
pressure
gage isStarting
370
kPa,
down) orline.
subtracting (as we go up) the gh terms until we reach (the
pipe, and setting the
equal to
bRepita
) gasoline
) result reemplazando
gage pressure of the gasoline
Pgasoline el aire
3-39I
el problema
3-38I, (aahora
Cengel
Munson White. Ing.
Waldo
Lizcano
Gmez.
gives
porFigure
aceite P2.70
con una gravedad especfica de 0.69.

Figur
Pgage w ghw + oil ghoil Hg ghHg gasoline
gh
=
P
gasoline
gasoline
3-40
Se
mide la presin manomtrica del aire que est en
Air
3-41
el tanque,
como se0.1-m-diameter
muestra
en la
figura
resulta
ser
de tank is meas
2.71
An inverted
circular
cylinder
is partially
Solution
The gage
pressure
ofP3-40,
air
in a ypressurized
water
Rearranging,Oil SG = 0.79 Aceite
filled
with
water
anddiferencia
held inThe
place
as los
shown
in Pipe
Fig.
P2.71.
A force
2.75
and a manometer.
differential
height
h of
the
mercury
column is
to beA
de
Pgage = 370 kPa 70 cm
65
kPa.
Determine
h
en
niveles
de
mercurio.
Pgasoline
+ SG is needed
hgasoline )to pull the flat plate from the cylinder. DeterAgua = Pgage w g( hw SGoil hoil + SG
Hg hHg
Water
of 20 Ngasoline
dam. with
The
Water
Assumptions
The
air
pressure
in
the
tank
is
uniform
(i.e.,
its
variation
Gasoline
SG
=
0.70
15Cmine the air pressure within the cylinder. The plate is not fastened Determin
Substituting,
and thus the pressure at the air-water interface is the same as the indicated ga
h2 = 50
to the cylinder
andcmhas negligible mass.
which it
Pgasoline = 370Pipe
( 0.5 m) + 13.6We
( 0.1take
kPa -(1000 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )[(0.45 m) 0.79
m) +
70( 0.22ofm)]
15CAceite
Properties
the0.density
water
to be w =1000 kg/m3. The spe
45 cm 50 cm
Air
2.76 A
manometer,
as U
shown
Fig. P336.
the pressure
65 kPa
cmDetermine
be 0.72
and 13.6, respectively.L2 = 6 cm
SG = 0.72
la1 figura
1 kPa
kN
metro
de tubo en
doble,incomo
se 22
muestra
P3-36.
ft-diamet
0.1 m
FIGURA
P3-34
en
sea- 2
=
8
cm
h
2of
difference
between
the
two
pipelines.
Take
the
density
cm 1of air in the tank (point 1),
1000
kg m/s Tome
Analysis
Starting
with
the75pressure
Determine la diferencia de presin entre las dos
tuberas.
1 kN/m
toand
sealmov
th
10 cm
L
=
6
cm
3
. Can the air1035
colat that
be r en
! 1035
kg/mcomo
u (as we1 go up) the gh terms until we reach the free
or subtracting
surfac
la water
densidad
dellocation
agua deto mar
ese lugar
tion
of th
= 354.6 kPar !
355 kPa
Air
P2.11
In
Fig.
P2.11,
pressure
gage
A
reads
1.5
kPa
(gage).
The
umn
be ignored
in the la
analysis?
Aire and setting the result equal to Patm gives
3. Puede
atmosphere,
columna
de aire
en eltaller
anlisis?
kg/m
Chapter 3 Pressure
and Fluid Statics
Water
fluids
are at
20C.ofDetermine
the
elevations z, in meters,
Agua
3-35 ignorarse
El elevador
hidrulico
en Mercury
un
de reparacin
de lower
Therefore,
the pressure
in the gasoline
pipe is 15.4 kPa
than the
pressure
reading
the pressure
gage.
3-38E 337 Repeat Prob. 336 by replacing the
air
with
oil cm
whose
=el13.6
the liquid
levels
incm
theopen
piezometer
tubes B and C.
automviles
tiene 3-36,
un
dimetro
de SG
salida
de
30
y se
deben with one of the of
3-37 Repita
el problema
reemplazando
aire
con
aceite
Gage fluid
30


P
+

gh

gh
Solution
The
pressure
in
a
natural
gas
pipeline
is
measured
by
a
double
U-tube
manometer
arms
1
w
w
Hg hHg oil ghMercurio
oil = Patm
Pgage = 370 kPa
specific
gravity
is 0.72.es dehasta
levantar
automviles
de
2
000
kg.
Determine
la
presin
cuya
gravedad
especfica
0.72.
SG
=
2.4
open to the atmosphere. The absolute pressure in the
Water
0.2 m
pipeline is to be determined.
SG = 13.6
FIGURE P3124
Rearranging
,
manomtrica
delinfluido
que 2gas
debe
mantenerse
en el
depsito.
338E
The
pressure
aennatural
isnatural
measured
by
Plate
Assumptions
1Se
All mide
the liquids
are incompressible.
Thepipeline
effect
of air
column
on pressure
3 The pressure
1.5 m
3-38I
la presin
una tubera
de gas
con
el is negligible.
Oil P3127
FIGURE
P1 Patm = oil ghoil + Hg ghHg w gh w
the
Fig.
P338E
with
one
thedearms
throughout
the manometer
natural
gas (including
thein
tube)
islauniform
since
its density
low.
Water
3-36que
Agua
dulce
yen
agua
de mar
fluyen
enisofuna
tuberas
horizontamanmetro
se shown
muestra
figura
P3-38I,
con
las
A
open
to
the
atmosphere
where
the
local
atmospheric
pressure
3
or,
les
paralelas,
las
cuales
estn
conectadas
entre
s
por
un
man
=
62.4
lbm/ft
.
The
specific
gravity
of
mercury
is
given
to
be
13.6,
Properties
We
take
the
density
of
water
to
be
ramas abierta a la atmsfera en donde
w la presin atmosfrica loP1,gage
3125
Prob. =3124
for 3a. pressure
gage
reading
of
14.2
psia.
thelaabsolute
pressure
pipeline.
and thus
density
isRepeat
Hgpsi.
=Determine
13.662.4
848.6
lbm/ft
calitsises
de 14.2
Determine
presin
absoluta in
enthe
la tubera.
3128 Consider
a U-tube
filled
with
= SG oilmercury
hoil + SG Hgexcept
hHg h wthe
FIGURA
P3-40
45 cm
Gasoline

240
kPa.
w gshown in Fig. P3128.
B
C
Analysis
Starting with the pressure at point 1 in the natural gas pipeline, and moving along18-cm-high
the tube by adding
(as weat the top, as
portion
The
= 20 N
Aire of oil where the oil tube is exposed Substituting,
gh terms untiltoweareach
the free Air
surface
to arm ofFthe
go down)3126E
or subtractingA(as
we gopipe
up) theis connected

water
double-U
manomediameter
of
the
right
U-tube
is
D
!
2
cm,
and
the
2 in
Air
22 cm
ofFigure
the atmosphere,
setting in
the Fig.
result P31026E
equal to Patm gives
el problema
parawith
una presin
manomtrica
1 mFigur
3-41
ter asand
shown
at a location where the local
diameter
theRepita
leftP2.71
arm
is twice 3-40,
that. Oil
a specific
2 m 45 kPa
2 pulg
50 cm
Air 1000 kg m/s 2
Aire
de
45
kPa.
Agua
atmospheric
pressure
is
14.2
psia.
Determine
the
absolute
gravity of 2.72 is poured
into the
leftPM
arm,
forcing
mercen72367_ch03.qxd
10/29/04
2:22
Page
= 0.72 (0.75 m) + 13.6 hHg
40 cm
] 107 some
P1 Hg ghHg water ghwater = Patm
3
2

the
(1000
kg/m
)de
(9.81
m/s
)water,
kPa.
m 2an
pressure
at the dulce
center of the pipe.
cury from3-42
the left
arm
into
the
right
one.
Determine
max2.72
You
partially
fill
a
glass
with
place
card onen 2.77 A
1de
index
La
parte
superior
un
tanque
agua
est
dividida
Agua
Natural
Solving for P1,
10 cm
70 cm
10
in
water
top
of
the
glass,
and
then
turn
the
glass
upside
down
while
hold- of a swim
imum
amount
of
oil
that
can
be
added
into
the
left
arm.
de
mar
dos
compartimentos,
como
se
muestra
en
la
figura
P3-42.
P
Gas
Gas
P1 = Patm + Hg ghHg + 10
gh60
Water
water
1 cm
pulg
to theofho
ing theL se
card
in place.
You
can
then
hand from
theencard
hHg
=remove
0.32
m.your
Therefore,
the differential
height
th
Solving
forfluido
hHg gives
differAnswer: 0.256
natural
Ahora
vierte
un
con
una
densidad
desconocida
uno
1.5
m
Gasoline
25 in
below th
Substituting,
and
the lados
card
remains
in place,
holding
the water
in cantidad
theallows
glass.one
Ex-toelverify
een
toes
de
los
y el nivel
del agua
se eleva
cierta
en
Mercury
Discussion
Double
instrumentation
like this
the m
Oil
SG
=
0.80
force act
plain
how
this
works.
25
pulg
almeasurement
of
another
instrument.
otro
lado
para
compensar
el
efecto
que
se
produce.
Con
base
en
2
6 in 10 cm
1 ft

1 lbf
3
n en P = 14.2 psia + (32.2 ft/s 2 )[(848.6 lbm/ft 3 )(6/12 ft) + (62.4 lbm/ft
Oil

2.73alturas A
piston
a Glycerin
cross-sectional
m2 is
lo- 2.78 A v
1m
)(27/12 ft)]
las
finales
dehaving
los fluidos,
mostradasarea
en ofla0.07
figura,
deterMercurio
atmo 32.2 lbm ft/s 2 144 in 2 SG
6Discussion
pulg
= 2.72
Note
that
sometimes
the use of specific
gravity
offers
great
convenience
in
the
solution
of
problems
that
Oil
SG
=
0.80

cated
in
a
cylinder
containing
water
as
shown
in
Fig.
P2.73.
An openno 6000 lb. T
P2.11
mine
la
densidad
del
fluido
aadido.
Suponga
que
el
lquido
=
18.1
psia
z=
0
e arm,
involve several fluids.
U-tube
manometer
is connected to the cylinder as shown. For h1 ! taining w
FIGURA P3-36
se
mezcla
con el agua.
ma la
conMercury
60 mm and h ! 100 mm, what is the value of the applied force, P, gate is 0.
35
in
Air
y
so both
3-42
SG = 13.6 40 in
thethe
gatetw
w
acting on the
piston?
weight of the piston is negligible.
Mercurio
Water
18 cmThe
60 in
Water
P2.12 In Solution
Fig. P2.12
theThe
tank
and is
immiscible
oiltwo compartm
on-the
topcontains
part of a water
water tank
divided into
ne


SG =10in
13.6
betwe
pipe
Water
*Recordar: En un gas, debido a su baja densidad, se considera
poured What
intoUnknown
oneisside.
the waterofand
theoil
liquid
are measured. The
at 20C.
h inThe
cmlevels
if theof density
the
is 898
Aguase transmite
otra
45 lbm
3
la presin uFIGURE
niforme aP338E
lo largo de todo el fluido sin
erse afectado por los
liquid
kg/m
?
15vin
iteAssumptions 1 Both water and the added liquid are incompressible subst
cambios dFIGURA
e alturas. P3-38I
hw
345
80 cm
Repeat Prob. 338E by replacing air by oil with a
2D water.
D = 2 cm
P
339E
and is
specific gravity of 0.69.
Mercury
hHg
Properties
We take the density of water to be =1000 kg/m3.
atmos
3-39I Repita el problema
SG =reemplazando
13.6
Natural 3-38I, ahora
340 The gage pressure
of the air in the
tank shown el
in aire
Fig.
Analysis
Both fluids are open to the atmosphere. Noting that the
(b)press
wa
gas
Anlisis
porP340
aceiteiscon
una gravedad
de 0.69. the differential
of both water and the added fluid is the same at the contact surface, the
press
measured
to be especfica
65 kPa. Determine
Expla
FIGURE
P3126E
95 cm
h
Situaciones
las que se aplican
at this surface can be expressed
WATERas 6 cm
height
ofde
theanlisis
column.
3-40
Seh mide
lamercury
presinen
manomtrica
del aire los
que conceptos
est en
346
de:

50
cm
Pcontact = Patm + f ghf = Patm + w gh w
el tanque, como se muestra en la figura P3-40, y resulta ser de
strate
- Determine
Presiones
Iguales haen
Alturas
iguales
en el mismo
Mercury
3-77
653127
kPa.
diferencia
los niveles
de mercurio.
The pressure
of
water flowing
through
a pipe
is2006
measpilled
Oil

gh
=

gh
.
Solving
for

gives
Simplifying,
we
have
12
cm
f
Oil
SG
=
13.6
PROPRIETARY
MATERIAL
.

The
McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc.
Limited
distribution
permitted
only
to
f
f
w
w
fluido esttico
Mercury
kPa
sured by the 65
arrangement
shown
ineducators
Fig. P3127.
the val- If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
SG =For
0.72
water
teachers
and
for
course
preparation.
- Relacin de la columna de lquido con la
hw
45 cm
3
3
3
ues
given,
calculate
the
pressure
in
the
pipe.
FIGURE
P3128
Fig. P
75
cm
1000
kg/m
562
5
kg/m
.

=
=

563
kg/m
P342
(
) Water
Discussion
Note
that jumping
f
w
presin.
horizontally from one tube to the next and realizing that pressure remains the same in theFIGURE

output
80 cm
h f 8 cm
glass,
same fluid simplifies the analysis greatly. Also, it can be shown that
the 15-in high air column with a density of 0.075
Aceite
- Transmisin
de of presin
uniforme
en gases
Deter hydraulic lift shown in Fig.
to a 65
pressure
0.00065 psi. Therefore,
the two
lbm/ft3 corresponds
kPa difference
Air
0.72 on the pressure difference between
SGits= effect
343
The
500-kg
load
on
the
P2.12
Discussion
Note
that
the
added
fluid
is
lighter
than
water
as
expected
(a h
in the
pipes is negligible.(Independiente del Water
cambio de altura en el
oil (r ! 780 kg/m3) into a
P343 is to be raised by pouring
75 cm
fluido)
30 cm
Mercury
thin tube. Determine how high h should be in order to begin
h

SG = 13.6
zontal
Aire
to
P2.13raise
In the
Fig.weight.
P2.13 the 20C water and gasoline surfaces are
Agua
de
Se sugiere hacer TODOS.
U-tube
open to the atmosphere and at the same elevation. What3-22
is
ben
30 cm

Mercurio
thePROPRIETARY
height h of the MATERIAL.
third liquid in the
h
2006right
The leg?
McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.P
in

SG = 13.6
educators
courseispreparation.
you pressure
are a student using this
P2.14 Theteachers
closedand
tank
in Fig.forP2.14
at 20C. IfIf the
FIGURE P340
at point A is 95 kPa absolute, what is hthe absolute presntasure
at point B
in kPa? What percent error do you make P2.16 A
341 Repeat Prob. 340 for a gage pressure of 45 kPa.
LOAD
nby neglecting 500
the kg
specific weight of the air?
a
342 FIGURA
The topP3-40
part of a water tank is divided into two comP2.15 The air-oil-water system in Fig. P2.15 is at 20C. Know2
partments, as shown in Fig. P342.3-19
Now a fluid with an
ing that gage A reads 15 lbf/in2 absolute and gage B reads
t
The McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc.water
Limited
distribution permitted only to
PROPRIETARY
MATERIAL.
unknown
density is 2006
poured
into one side,
and the
level
1.25 lbf/in2 less than gage C, compute (a) the specific
3
teachers
and
educators
for
course
preparation.
If
you
are
a
student
using
this
Manual,
you
are
using
it
without
permission.
3-41
el problema
3-40,
presin
manomtrica
1.2 m
1 cm
risesRepita
a certain
amount on
thepara
otheruna
side
to compensate
for
weight of the oil in lbf/ft3 and (b) the actual reading of
(
de this
45 kPa.
effect. Based on the final fluid heights shown on the figgage C in lbf/in2 absolute.
o
ure, determine
the density
of tanque
the fluid
Assume
the liq3-42
La parte superior
de un
deadded.
agua est
dividida
en
does not mix with
water.
dosuidcompartimentos,
como
se muestra en la figura P3-42.
347
Ahora se vierte un fluido con una densidad desconocida en uno
separa
de los lados y el nivel del agua se eleva cierta cantidad en el
P347
otro lado para compensar el efecto que se produce. Con base en
FIGURE P343

Water
1.128 1.80 # 10!2 ft
1.34 1150 kg!m3; 11.3 kN!m3
3
1.130 7.49 mm
1.36 0.0186 ft ; No
Gage fluid
B
Pressure
( = 90 lb/ft 3 )
1.38 0.9971 lb
gage

Water
2
Compilado Problemas
M
anmetros
de Presin: Chapter

1.40
991.5 kg!m3 y transmisin

Figure
P2.37
nk con3
3
3
2.2
59.2
kPa
1.42
16.0
kN!m
;
1.63
#
10
kg!m
;
1.63

Figure
P2.39

Cengel Munson White. Ing. Waldo Lizcano Gmez.
d of the
2.6
34.7
psi P2.38 are
1.44
4.76
kg
2.38
Compartments
A
and
B
of
the
tank
shown
in
Fig.
on the
02FluidStatics.qxd
2/22/12
5:51 PM Page 84 Problems 103

Fig. 1a2 0.0214 kg!m3; 1b2closed
2.8 a specific
404 kPa
andearth
filled
air and a liquid with
gravity equal
rMars!r
$ with
1.75%
ter. Ex- 2.40 Two pipes are connected by a manometer as shown in1.46
ic pres- P2.40. Determine the pressure difference, pA ! pB, between the pipes.
2.10 1a2 p $ !Ev ln 11
1.48 6.44 # 10!3 slugs!ft3; 0.622 lb
). The
0.5 psi
ometer.
1c2 60.61a2MPa
1.50 Chapter
98.7 psia1
1.98
343 m!s
A
2
meters,
Open2.12
!1
4
!2
!2
66
Solutions Manual Fluid
Mechanics,
p $ Kh104
!2 psi
& '1gag
1.52
668Fifth
lb Edition
0h
1.100
1.2
1a2
MLT
;
1b2
ML
L
;
1c2
MT
and C.
2 !2
!2
2
0.5 m
2.18 1.102
464 mm
1.56 1.4
0.6 N "1a2
s!m
; 1.3; 1b2
# 10
2.88 kg!m3
FLT
FL!1Tlb!1"; s!ft
1c2 FL!3 T
!12
Gasoline
62.9% 4.25 # 10!
2.13 In Fig. P2.13 the
20C water and 1.58 1.10
0.727
N1a2" FL
s!m
Water
; 1b2 FL!3Air
;2/22/12
FL
c02FluidStatics.qxd
5:51 PM Page 842.20 1.104
!20 0
1.5 m
Water
gasoline are open to the atmosphere and 1.60 23.7, 2.55!1
0
!1
h
2.24 1.108
4,250 ft1.06
1.12 LT #; F10 L T ; LT
0.6 m
84
Chapter
Statics
are2
at Fluid
the same
elevation. What is the
2
2.26 1.110
543 m 14.1%
1.62
0.277
N
"
s!m
1.14
Yes
Problems
85
height h in the third
0.1 ft
!5
2
1.3 mliquid?
2.28 1.112
60 kPa4.74 psi 1ab
1.64
2.05
#
10
N
"
s!m
Water
1.16
1!2,
!1!2
2.36 A U-tube mercury manometer is connected to a closed pres- to 0.6. Determine the manometer reading, h, if the barometric pres3
2.32
14.4 psia;
99.31abs
kPa
1.66
1a2
No;
1b2
Not
correct
1.114
13 kPa
and
Solution:
Take
water
=
9790
N/m
1.18
Dimensionless
surized tank
in Fig.
P2.36. If the
air pressure
is 2 psi,
p1 #aspillustrated
a differential
reading,
h, develops.
It sure is 14.7 psia and the pressure gage reads
tank as pressure
Liquid 0.5 psi. The effect of
2, is applied,
3
2.34
1a2
18.2
ft;
1b2
8.73
.
The
bottom
pressure
gasoline
=
6670
N/m
(SG
=
0.6
)
1.68
184
determine
the
differential
reading,
h.
The
specific
weight
of
the
air
the
weight
of
the
air
is
negligible.
A
B
1.116
5.81
kPa
1ab
is
desired
to
have
this
reading
sufficiently
large
(so
that
it
can
be
1.20
1a2
4.32
mm!s;
1b2
70.2
kg;
1c2
13.4
N;
psi and
h
Mercury (SG = 13.6)
Gage fluid
!6 2
1!2
2$ 107 K
must
be the same
whetherDetermine
we move down
ism negligible.
2.36
0.317
ft
read)
for
small
pressure
differentials.
the
relationat point 1easily
1.70
C
$
1.43
#
10
kg!1m
"
s
"
K
2;
S
1.118
0.060
N!m
Water
1d2
22.3
m!s
;
1e2
1.12
N
"
s!m
(SG = 2.6)
2.39 GO A closed cylindrical
tank filled with water has a hemiFigure
through
water
orarea
through
!6
2 P2.38
3
pp 1Liquid,
# pthe
the
ratio the
At /Agasoline
and 1.22
2
!2# 10
SG
= 1.60
e differ- ship between h and
2.38as 1.120
6.28 ft 538 Pa
2 when
r is small,
1.72
Dspherical
$ 1.767
#P2.13
10
N5Chapter
" s!m
B
$
1.870
dome
and
is
connected
an
inverted
1a2
6.47
#
10
m
;
1b2
#
10
m3piping
; K; system
84
2; 56.8
to
Fluid
Statics
Fig.
air = 2 psi

into the third
fluid:h, can be magnified by making
show that the differential
reading,
!4
2
5
4
2.40
!3.32 97.9
kPa Pa
shown
in
Fig.
P2.39.
The
liquid
in
the
top
part
of
the
piping
sys5.76
#
10
N
"
s!m
1.122
1c2
3.86
#
10
m;
1d2
5.90
#
10
W;
1e2
289
K
B

the difference in specific weights,
!2 # !1,3small. Assume that ini- tem has a specific
26670(2.5
gravity
of
0.8,
and
the
3
5 the remaining parts of
p
=
(9790
N/m
)(1.5
m)
+
1.60(9790)(1.0)
=
1.60(9790)h
+

h)
2.42
1a2
4.00
ft;24.5
1b2
2.08
1.74
0.300
N
"
s!m
bottom
1.124
1a2
degD
2.36
A
U-tube
mercury
manometer
is
connected
to
a
closed
presto 0.6.
1.30
1a2
0.240
mi
;
1b2
4.41
#
10
lb
P2.13
tiallyAir(with
p1 " p2) the fluid levels in the two reservoirs are equal. system are filled with water. If the pressure gage reading at A is
Figure P2.40
1.45
tank
as illustrated in Fig. P2.36. If the air2.44
pressure
is 2 ft
psi,
surein.;
is 1
Solve for h =1.76
1.52 m 1.32
Ans. 30.6 surized
non-Newtonian
1.126
0.0614
kg;
37.3
N
(a)
the pressure3 in reading,
pipe B, and
(b)specific
the pressure
2.46
The cylindrical tank with hemispherical ends shown 60 kPa, determine
3 the differential
determine
h. The
weight1.128
of the
air
the
weig
2.46
1a2
26.9
kPa;
1b2
0.!
1.78
286
N
1.80
#
10
1.34
1150
kg!m
;
11.3
kN!m
of mercury, at the top of the dome (point C).
in Fig.
contains
a volatile
andbyitsa vapor.
liquid head, in millimeters
2.41
AnP2.46
inverted
open tank
is heldliquid
in place
force R
2The
ftas shown
3
is negligible.
3
3
2.48 1.130
1.55 slugs!ft
1.80
0.0883 0.0186
m!s ft ; No
7.49 2.39
mm G
, and
itsgravity
vapor
density
isFig.
negligible.
density
is 800Ifkg/m
in
Fig. P2.41.
the
specific
of theinmanometer
2.5, 1.36
A
B P2.14 fluid
2.14
The
closed
tank
isThe
at ispresHemispherical dome
spherica
pair = 2 psi
2.50
94.9
kPa
sure in thethe
vapor
is
120
kPa
(abs)
and
the
atmospheric
pressure
is
1.82
0.268
ft!s
determine
value
of
h.
1.38
0.9971
lb
2
m
Air
20C. If the pressure at A is 95 kPa
3
101 Water
kPa (abs). Determine:
(a) the gage
reading
the 1.40
2.54 Chapter
21.6 ft 2 shown i
1.84
3.43 #991.5
10!4 lb
2 ft on
kg!m
absolute,
determine
p at Bpressure
(absolute).
What
SG = 0.8
.38 are
4
m(b)1-in.-diameter
C
Air h, of the mercury, manometer.
2 tem has
pressure gage, and
the
height,
!4 Air
3
3
3
2.56 2.2
575 lb!ft
59.2
kPa
percent error
tube do you make by neglecting 1.86
9.53
10 kN!m
ft " lb; 1.63 # 10 kg!m4;m1.63
1.42
y equal
pA = #16.0
system
2
!3
2
the specific weight of the air?
2.58 2.6
0.100 m
kPa 4.76
6012.7
34.7
psikPa,
3 4.73
m
1.88
1a2
ft
!rev;
1b2
#
10
lb
"
s!ft
1.44
kg
60
Open
ble oil
2 ft
3
2.60 2 ft2.8
27.8% 404 kPa
head, in
Vapor
1.94 1.46
2.03 #1a2
100.0214
psi kg!m3; 1b2 rMars!rearth $ 1.75%
4
m
A 3
is 898
1 m First compute A = pA/RT =
Solution:
2.62 2.10
0.212 m
1a2 p $ !E
3
1.96 1.48
4.14 #6.44
10 psi
R
# 10!3 slugs!ft3; 0.622 lb
(95000)/[287(293)]

1.13
kg/m
,
hence

Water
A
2m
3m
3
h
h
1c2 60.6 MP
2-ft1.50
98.7
psia
(1.13)(9.81)

11.1
N/m
.
Then
proceed
around
Air
1m
Water
diameter
2 ft2.12
Water
Fig. P2.14
P2.14
h A to point B:
p $ Kh2!2
hydrostatically
from
point
1.52
668
lb
Liquid
tank
2
!2
2
3 ft
pA =
2.18 464 mm
1.56 0.6
; 1.3 # 105:51
lb PM
" s!ft
c02FluidStatics.qxd
! pN"" s!m 2/22/12
2 mPage 87
Mercury
60 kPa
ft13.6)
95000(SG
Pa2=+
(11.1 N/m 3 )(4.0 m) + 9790(2.0) 9790(4.0) # B $ (9.81)(2.0)
2 = pB
2.20
62.9%
1.58
0.727
N
"
s!m
%
&
2 ft
RT
B
pressure 1mFigure P2.36
15 lbf/in2 abs
2.24 4,250 ft A
1.60 answer
23.7, 2.55
# 10!2
Solve for p B 75450 Pa Accurate
.
ter, and
2
Water
2.26 543 m
A
1.62
0.277
N
"
s!m
1
ft
Water
6. What 2.37
If we
neglect the is
airconnected
effects, we
a much
simpler
accuracy:2
h
A U-tube
manometer
toget
a closed
tank
con- relation with comparable
!5
2.28 60 kPa

Figure
P2.39
1.64
2.05
#
10
N
"
s!m
reading taining air and water asAir
2P2.37.
ft
shown
in Fig.
At
the closedend
the Pa Approximate answer.
95000
+ 9790(2.0)
9790(4.0)
p B of
75420
2.32 14.4 psia; 9
1.66
1a2
No;
1b2
Not
correct
manometer the air pressure is 16 psia. Determine
the reading on the
Mercury
pressure
Figuregage
P2.41
2.40 Two
a manometer as shown in Fig. 2.34 1a2 18.2 ft; 1
Mercury (SG = 13.6)
184 pipes are connected by
for a differential reading of 4 ft on the manometer. Ex- 1.68
P2.40. Determine the
pressure difference, pA 1!2
! pB, between the pipes. 2.36 0.317 ft
press
your answer
in psiIn
(gage).
Assume
atmospheric
1 ftallstandard

Figure
P2.462.15
# 10!6 kg!1m " s " K
2; S $ 107 K
Fig. P2.15
fluids are
at 20C. pres- 1.70 C $1.43
Figure P2.36

2columns B
!6
2
sure and neglect Gage
the weight
of
the
air
in
the
manometer.
Oil
2.38 6.28
A reads 15 lbf/in absolute and gage B
1.72 AD $ 1.767 # 10 N " s!m ; B $ 1.870 # 103 K;
ft
2.47
Determine
the elevation
difference,
!4
2
reads 1.25
lbf/in2 less
than gage$h,
C. between
Com- the
2.40
!3.32
kPa
1
ft
5.76
#
10
N
"
s!m
2.37
A
U-tube
manometer
is
connected
to
a
closed
tank
con2.55
Three
different
liquids
with
properties
as
indicated
fill
the
valve
water levelsClosed
in the
two(a)open
shown
in Fig.
Figu
pute
the tanks
specific
weight
of theP2.47.
oil; and
2 water as
0.5
taining
airmanometer
and
shown
Fig. P2.37.
the closed
end of the
2.42
1a2 4.00
ft; 1
tank
tubes
as in
shown
in Fig.AtP2.55.
Determine
1.74 0.300
Nm and
" s!m
2
(b) SG
the= actual
reading of gage C in lbf/in
manometer
the air
specific
gravity
of pressure
Fluid 3. is 16 psia. Determine the reading
0.90
2.44on the
1.45 2.40
ft Tw
1.76
non-Newtonian
Water
absolute.
Air pressure
= 16 psia
pressure gage for a differential reading of 4 ft on the manometer.
Water
es are
2 ft
2.46 Ex1a2 26.9 kPa
1.78 286 0.6
N m your answer in psi (gage). Assume standard atmospheric
press
pres- P2.40. D
What is
2.48
1.55 slugs!
C
1.80
0.0883
m!s
3
Fluid
specific
weight
62.4 lb/ftof the air columns in the manometer.
sure 1:
and
neglect
the= weight
A
P2.15
0.4 m
Fig. P2.15
1.3 m3
2.50 94.9 kPa A
Fluid
2: density = 1.60 slugs/ft
1.82
0.268
ft!s
essure
Fluid 3: specific gravity
=?
valve
2.54 21.6 ft
1.84 3.43 # 10!4 lbClosed
Fluid 2
pres4 ft
2
7 ft
!4
Gasoli
Air
h
2.56 575 lb!ft
1.86
9.53
#
10
ft
"
lb
horizonmake P2.16 A closed inverted cone, 100 cm high with diameter 60 cm
Water
A 16 psia
Gage fluid
2
!3
2
Air
pressure
=
2.58 0.100 m
12.7 ft !rev;
lb " s!ft
meter is
at the top, is filled with air at 20C and 1 atm. Water at 1.88 (SG1a2= 2.6)
Water1b2 4.73 # 10
3
1m
n either
2.60 27.8%
Know20C is introduced at the bottom (the vertex) to compress 1.94 2.03 # 10 psi
specific
2.62 0.212 m
reads
Figu
the air isothermally until a gage at2 ftthe top of the cone reads 1.96 4.14 # 103 psi6 ft B
Fluid 1

of the
pecific
taps of
ing of

easured
45. This
crossspecific
area At
tial gas
ed press 2 psi,
the air

2m

Homework Problems

( = 90 lb/ft )

Figure P2.40

gage

2.48
Water,P2.37
oil, and an unknown fluid are contained in the verti Figure
cal tubes shown in Fig. P2.48. Determine
the density of the un
known
fluid.
2.38 Compartments
A and B of the tank shown in Fig. P2.38 are

closed
and filled with air
and
a liquid with a specific gravity equal
1-in. diameter
2-in.
diameter
to 0.6. Determine the manometer reading, h, if the barometric pres0.5 psia
psi and the pressure gage reads 0.5 psi. The effect of
sure is 14.7
the weight of the air is negligible. Open
2.39 GO A closed cylindrical
1 ft tank filled with water has a hemiOil,
spherical
dome and is connectedUnknown
to an inverted piping system as
SG = 0.9
shownAirin Fig. P2.39. The liquid fluid
in the top part of the piping system has a specific hgravity of 0.8, and the remaining parts of the
Water

5 ft

Fluid 3

30 kPa (gage). Estimate

(a) the amount of water needed
Water
Water
(cm3) and (b) the resulting
absolute pressure at the bottom
Gage
fluid
of
the
cone
(kPa).
Figure 3P2.47
Pressure

4 ft

3 ft

Air

2.41 An inverted
openP2.55
tank is held in place by a force R as shown
Figure
in Fig. P2.41. If the specific gravity of the manometer fluid is 2.5,
determine the value of h.

2 ft
2.56 Determine
the
pressure
of
the
water
in pipe A shown in Fig.
Water
1-in.-diameter
P2.56 if the gage
tubepressure of the air in the tank is 2 psi.
Gage fluid
( = 90 lb/ft 3 )

Pressure
gage

pP2.37
= 2 psi
Figure
R

2-ftdiameter
tank

Air
2.38 Compartments
A and B of the tankSG
shown
= 0.9 in Fig. P2.38 are
Air
closed and filled with air and a liquid with a specific gravity equal

2.59 Th
Gag
tial read
(SG
vacuum

Figu

2.41 A
Wate
in Fig.
P
determin
A

3 ft

0.5 psi

2 ft

Mercury

2 pulg
1N
1kPa 1
Aire

= 17.7 kPa
= (1000 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(1.80 m - 0)
2 in
1/2
1kg m/s12 1000 N/m 2
Air
SAE
30
oil
Chapter
d
=
7
mm
1.68
h
!
("/
#
g)
cot
$

FIGURA P3-32
h
32 cm

1.21kPa
E44
1N
1.70 h ! 2" cos $/(#gW)
Meriam
redpressure (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) is
problem
also
that
1.3the
molecules

= atmospheric
Liquid, SG = 1.45 5 cm
17.7
kPa
9.81 m/s 2can
)(1.80
m -be
0)solved by2 noting
Gas
2 A
3to=a0.827
3
1kg the

P332
of waterFIGURE
height, and
finding
pressure
that
corresponds
water
height
of
1.8
m.
oil,
SG
3
cm
z !pulg
4800 m
m/s 1.4
1000 N/m
1.63 slug/ft , 839 kg/m 15

natural 1.72 10


P2.39
2 2
10Bcm
(a) and (b)
10 in 1.74 Cavitation occurs for both
Air
3-33
un
de
m atm
de
altura
quekPa)
estisenNatural
1.6hombre
(a) {L
/T1.8
}; (1(b)
{M/T}
so be solved
by noting
that theaman
atmospheric
pressure
=
101.325
33
Consider
aConsidere
1.8-m-tall
standing
vertically
in
water

Gas
225 pulg
posicin

and finding
the pressure
that corresponds
toy'
asumergido
water
height
of 1.8completo
m.
Ing. Waldo
1.76 Lizcano
z ! 7500 G
mmez.
vertical
en
agua
por
en una al! 1.00
My/I
nd
completely
submerged
in 1.8
a pool.
Determine
the differ22
4 cm
in
625cm
1.78
(a)
25C;
(b)
4C
SAE
30
oil
berca.
Determine
la
diferencia
entre
las
presiones
que
actan
en
1.10
Yes,
all
terms
are
{ML/T
}
P2.42
nce between the pressures acting
and at the toes
A
patm at the head
m
8{L
cm%1
Air:Mechanics,
pB
Water
1.80 x62ypulg
% y3/ 3 ! constant
68la in
Solutions
Manual
}
Fluid
Fifth
Edition
cabeza
dedos
los
pies
de
este
hombre
en
kPa.
1.12 de{B}
!
this man,
kPa. y en los P2.30
Liquid,
SG
=
1.45
8 cm
5
cm
1/2 3/2
6
in
1.82
y
!
x tan $ & constant
Q3oil
!
Const
Bother
g H
cm
3-34
Considere
un 1.14
tubo
en
Ufrom
cuyas
ramas
estn
abiertas a la
is poured
into the aU-tube
fromwhose
one
arm
and
the to
arm.
The
P2.44 Water flows downward
in a pipe
at 45, as shown in Fig.
2
34
Consider
U-tube
arms
are
open
the
atmo%2
%2 water column height in one
3
cm
1.84 x ! x0{ln (y/y0) & ln (y/y0)}
1.16
All
are
{ML
Tof each
} del
he heights
of the
twofluids
fluids
in the
other
arm
areterms
given.
Thede
height
fluidtubo
in thaty arm is to be
atmsfera.
Ahora
se
vierte
agua
en
una
lasatarm,
ramas
9 cm
Water
2.18
All
in
Fig.
P2.18
are
at
20C.
P2.44. The pressure drop p1 ! p2 is partly due to gravity
%mt/K
here. Now
water
is
poured
the
U-tube
from
one
P2.31
Ininto
Fig.
P2.31
all
fluids
are
20C.
Determine
the presMercurio
1.18
V
!
V
e
3
68
Solutions
Manual

Fluid
Mechanics,
Fifth
Edition
0
P2.33
he U-tube
from
arm
oil
from
other
arm.
water
column
height
in one
3790
) other.
en
laThe
otra.
Una
de
las
ramas
conaceite
(r
!
kg/m
atmospheric
pressure
=the
101.33
kPa
and
and
partly 2due
to friction. The mercury manometer reads
) h1.20
from
the
One
arm
connd
lightIfoil
(rone
!ligero
790and
kg/m
4 cm
sure
difference
(Pa)
between
points
A and
B.
SG = 13.6
Chapter
Mercury
z
!
64.2
m
at
t
!
3.36
s
6
cm
max
e
two
fluids
in
the
other
arm
are
given.
The
height
of
each
fluid
in
that
arm
is
to
be
Pump
water
and
oil
are
incompressible
substances.
Agua
tiene
agua
en
un
tramo
de
70
cm
de
altura,
en
tanto
que
la
otra
the
bottom
pressure
is
242
kPa
absolute,
A
a
6-in
height
difference.
What is the
total pressure drop
2
ins 70-cm-high
water, while 1.22
the other
arm contains
SG =2.2
13.6
(a)
%0.372U
/R; (b)both
x ! %1.291 R
'xy ! %289
lb/ft2, (AA ! %577 lb/ft2
Water
,Mercury
2
Water
2.18
All
fluids
ingravity
Fig.
P2.18
are
at
20C.
3con
3
10
cm
the
of
fluid
X?
los
fluidos
una
proporcin
de
alturas
aceitep
!
p
in
lbf/in
?
What
is
the
pressure
drop due to fric8
cm
1
2
dos
=
790
kg/m
.
We
take
the
density
of
water
to
be

=1000
kg/m
.
ensity with
ofwhat
oilcontiene
is
given
tospecific
be
uids
anis
oil-to-water
height
ratio
of
6.
Determine
the
%2Cz/B
Hg
oil
w
1.24
e ! 221,000
J/kg
2.4
x!
Const e dimensions have
*P2.34
FIGURASometimes
P3-38I
2
manometer
a significant
efIf atmospheric
pressure
101.33
andfluido
incompressible
substances.
agua
de 6.inDetermine
la=Kerosine
altura
dekPa
cada
en esa rama.
tion
only
between
1
and
2
in
lbf/in
?
Does
the manomeeight
of
each
fluid
that
arm.
3air
cm!
m. WeFIGURE
let the height
eight of water
in pressure
the
left armis
of242
the W
manometer
is lbf
given to be hw1 = 0.70
1.26
0.71
P338E
2.6In Fig.(a)P2.34
30.3containers
ft; (b) 30.0(a)in;and
(c)(b)
10.35
m; (d) 13,100
mm
thecolumn
bottomSimply
kPa
absolute,
fect.
are
cylindrical
and
3
3
Solution:
apply
the
hydrostatic
2
cm
ter
reading
correspond
only
to
friction
drop?
Why?
oilto= be
790hkg/m
. We
take the density
of water
to w2
be.
to be
3 =1000
3 open to the
w
ha, respectively.
Then,
h1.10
Noting
both. arms
are
he
right
arm
w2 and
a = 6h
evenpres1.28 of#fluid
kg/m
, #drythat
!kg/m
1.13
kg/m
what
is
the
specific
gravity
2.8
DALR
!
9.77C/km
wet !X?
conditions
are
such
that
p
!
p
.
Derive
a
formula
for
the
a
b
Air
P2.33
formula
from
top tocan
bottom:
ure at the
bottom
of
the
be
expressed
as!be21
Benzene
Repeat
Prob.Repita
338Epressure
by
replacing
air
oil with
a
height
olumn
in the
left arm
of U-tube
the manometer
is given
hw1ft=- 0.70
3-39I
el2.10
problema
3-38I,
ahora
reemplazando
aire
1.30
W1-2to
lbf m. We let the339E
P2.40
10,500
Papaby
difference
" pb when
the oil-waterelinterface
on
h
,
respectively.
Then,
h
=
6h
.
Noting
that
both
arms
are
open
to
the
be+hw2 and
a and
a+ gh
w2
specific
gravity
of
0.69.
B
por
aceite
con
una
gravedad
especfica
de
0.69.
Simply
apply
the
hydrostatic
P
=
P
+

gh
1.32
(a)
76
kN;
(b)
501
kN
2.12
8.0
cm
m
w gh w1Solution:
bottom
atm
w
w2
a
a
p
=
p
+
!

h,
the
right
rises
a
distance
#h
$
h,
for
(a)
d
%
D
and
(b)
d
!
40
cm
A
bottom
top
m of the U-tube
can befrom
expressed
9 cm
formula
top toasbottom:
1.34 1300
atm
2.14
with air;
75,420
air
Fig.
P2.18
340
The
gage
pressure
of0.15D.
the
air
in74,450
theismanomtrica
tank
shown
in
Fig.
What
thePapercent
change
in Pa
the
value
#p?
3-40
Se mide
la
presin
del
aire
quewithout
estofen
Oil
P2.34
Sometimes
manometer
dimensions
have
a
significant
efeach other*and
simplifying,
P2.41
The
system
in
Fig.
P2.41
is
at
20C.
Compute
the
pres3
20 cm
nd
Pbottom = Patm70
+ cm
gh + a1.36
gha
(a)
1.33
E5 are
Pa;
(b)+ B
!+
2.13
E9el
2.16
(a) 21,526
cmdifferential
; (b)
137 kPa
1
14Patanque,
cm to be
2 (b)
P340
is(133100)(0.5)
measured
65 kPa.
Determine
como
se
muestra
figura
P3-40,
y resulta ser de
(2.0)
water
(3.0)
242000
(8720)(1.0)
(9790)
fect.
Fig.
(a)
cylindrical
pw Inw2=
=101330
pP2.34
!+containers
point
h, +BNA2Ohin!
Aceite
at
lbf/ft
absolute.
45 en la the
top =+
8+and
cm
= w gh w2 + aor:
gha
bottom wWater
hsure
h!w128
= h w2 + ( X
a / and
) ha
w1
w h(w2
a a Pa,
w
1.38
!
1380
Re
2.18
1.56
L
height
h
of
the
mercury
column.
Fig.
P2.18
5
ft
65
kPa.
Determine
diferencia
h
en
los
niveles
de
mercurio.
implifying,
70 cm
conditions
are
such
that
p
!
p
.
Derive
a
formula
for
the
a
b
Mercury
Water
15273
1.40
A(8720)(1.0)
!Agua
0.00163+
kg/(m
- (2.0)
s), B+!
1903
K
2.20
14 lbf D
oil
Water
and
we
take

,
the
water
and
oil
column
heights
in
the
D

(3.0)
+
(133100)(0.5)
242000
=
101330
+
(9790)
a =
oilpressure
difference
p
"
p
when
the
oil-water
interface
on
or:
Solve
for
15273
N/m
,
or:
SG

=
=
=
1.56
Ans.
a
b
ha

w h w1 = w h w2 + a ha X
h w1 = h w2 + ( a / w )h0.68
X
1.42 ./.200K
! (T K/200 K)Xa Water
2.22
0.94 cm
mined
to be
9790
the
right
rises
a
distance
#h
$
h,
for
(a)
d
%
D
and
(b)
d
!
P2.31
9 cm
(b) kg
15273
Proporcin
ASG
lturas:
6:1 =fit1.56
3 Water higher;
Oil117 kPa, mexact ! 5.3 E18
oil
1.44
percent
Andrade
variesAns.
)50
percent
2.24
psealevel !
oil, the water
oil column
heights
in Data
the 50
Solve
N/m
, or:
h
+=(790/1000)
6h w2and0.15D.
h w2 What
= for
0.122
ism
the
percent
change
in the
value
X = 15273
X = of #p?
Flow Aceite
65a kPa
SG
=(b)
0.725410
9790
1.46
V
!
15
m/s
FIGURE
P334
2.26
(a)
2580
m;
m

14 cm
65 kPa 75 cm
SG2= 0.72
(a) ft
SAE 30 oil
2.19 =The
U-tube
atFor
right
a (1-cm
1.48mhas
FP3-34
!
.1manometer
/h1 ID
& .2/h2of
)AVFig.
2.28
4400 ) 400
ha all fluids are at
hw1 P2.32,
P2.32
inverted
0.122
+ (790/1000)
ha m
w2
2 m
2
35
Thehwhydraulic
lift
aFIGURA
carthe
repair
shop
has
3 an output
hain= 0.732

Water
3
Oil,
SG
=
0.85
75
cm
h
H
and contains
mercury
as
shown.
If
20
cm
1.50 If .pB!"M(r
%
r
)/(2
/
0r
L)
w2be2
2.30
101,100
Pa
o
i
i
20C.
p
!
97
kPa,
what
must
the
height
H
A2000
The
U-tube
right
1-cm
ID
Dupa to
ameter
of2.19
30 cm
and
is that
toatlift
carshas
kg.
Deter- D 5 in pa = 14.7 lbf/in
Water

Air
hat
the
fluid
height
in
the
arm
contains
oil
is
higher.
This
is
3
of
water
is
poured
into
the
right-hand
leg,
h
L
1.52
P
!
73
W
2.32
22.6
cm
w1
)ha the
fluid
ha =contains
0.732 pressure
m mercury
inthat
cm?
and
as
20 cm
Water
ine
gage
must
be
maintained
in uthe
Ala !
4
ighter
than
P water.
2.19
El be
Manmetro
e1.54
n Ushown.
de
fIf
igura
2.19
tiene
n 10d(b)
imetro
Aire2.34
what
will
the
free into
surface
height
in0R
each
M
/.
/h
*p ! *h[Agua
+water(1 & d 2/D2) % +oil(1 % d 2/D2)]
in hw2 de
of
water
is
poured
the
right-hand
leg,
3-35
El
elevador
hidrulico
en
un
taller
de
reparacin
de
3
servoir.
6 in
3 20cm de agua
ght in the
arm
that
contains
oil
is
higher.
This
is
1cm
y

c
ontiene
m
ercurio.
S
i
s
e
l
e
a
gregan
30
cm
in/0R )
legautomviles
afterwill
the be
sloshing
died .
down?
Mercury
1.56
! 3M
sin
2.36 h 25
what
the
freehas
surface
height
in salida
each$6/(2
tiene
un
dimetro
de
de
30
cm
y
se
deben
Chapter
1
1.68 h ! ("/#g)1
r.
en
la seawater
rama derecha,
cul
sparallel
er lkg/(m
a altura
de last
fluido
en cada
30 cm SG = 13.6
36 Freshwater
and
flowing
in0.040
horizontal
Mercurio
1.58
.
!
s),
2
points
are
turbulent
flow
(a)
2.38
(a)
p
!
(
#
%
#
)gh
%
(
#
%
#
)gH
leg
after
the
sloshing
has
died
down?
Meriam
SAE
30
oil
Water
h
Mercury
1,gage
m
a
t
a
levantar
automviles
hasta
de
2
000
kg.
Determine
la
presin
s are at
1.70 h ! 2" cos
1.2 1.3 E44 molecules
rama
cuando
sthe
e other
ered
stabilice
l double
sistema?
SG = 13.6
pelinesSolution:
are connected
to each
aewater
1.60
.oil,
!by0.88
)
0.023U-tube
kg/(m
s)
Firstdel
figure
height
ofmantenerse
H
2.40
21.3
3P2.44
3 cm
fluido
que
debe
en el -depsito.
t H be manomtrica
1.72 h z ! 4800 m
1.4
1.63
slug/ft
,
839
kg/m
Water
at pointadded:
SG height
=28,500
0.827ofPa
Solution: First figure
the
water
pA % pB ! (#2 % #1)gh
L 1.62

2 2 2.42
1.74 Cavitation
o
18
cm
Air
1.6
(a)
{L
/T
};
(b)
{M/T}
agua de
mar
en tuberas horizontaadded: Agua dulce yP2.41
ts B, C, 3-36
fluyen
1.64
(a)
m;
2.44
(a) 171 lb/ft2; (b) 392 lb/ft2; manometer reads
friction
3 %0.023
2 (b) & 0.069 m
Mercury

1.76 z ! 7500 m
20 cm = (1 cm) h, or h = 25.46 cm

Compilado Problemas Manmetros y transmisin de Presin:

Cengel Munson White.

Answers to
Selected Problem

les paralelas, las cuales estn

3 conectadas
2 entre s por un man-

1.8

' !P2.45
1.00 My/I
In Fig. P2.45, determine the gage pressure at point A in

3-16
1.66
!
0.014
N h, or h = 25.46 cm FIGURE P340
loss 2
20 cmFWater
=4
(1 cm)
1.78 (a) 25C; (b
FIGURA
all terms
Companies,4 Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to1.10 Yes,
ATERIAL.
Pa.are
Is it{ML/T
higher}or lowerdthan atmospheric?
Fresh- 2006 The McGraw-Hill
40
cm
2
3 wit
806
%1aP3-40
H
Then,
at
equilibrium,
the
new
system
must
have
25.46
cm
of
water
on
the
right,
and
1.80
!
s for course
preparation.
If you areVery
a student
using
this Manual,
you are pusing
itp341
without
permission.
1.12
{B}
!
{L
}
waterThen,
Repeat
Prob.
340
for
a
gage
pressure
of
45
kPa.
3-16
Manmetros
I
nclinados
P2.46
In
Fig.
P2.46
both
ends
of
the
manometer
are
open
to thex y % y /3
!
can
be
measured
P2.42
small
pressure
differences
at equilibrium, the new Mercury
system must
have
25.46
cm
of
water
on
the
right,
and
a
to
Mercury
A
B
(2)
1/2
3/2
Seah the right,
length
of
mercury
is
somewhat
displaced
so
that
0.1
m
on
the
006 The30-cm
McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc.
Limited
distribution
permitted
only L
to is on
70
cm
1.82
y
!
x
tan
$
A
Aire
1.14
Q
!
Const
B
g
H
30-cm length of mercury
is somewhat
so
that L 342
ismanometer
on theThe
right,
mRecorridos
on
the
atmosphere.
Estimate
specific
fluid
X. SOLO
accurately
by
the displaced
two-fluid
differential
in 0.1
Fig.
de %2
a varios
fluidos
en of
los
que
ext
top
part
of
a water
tank
isuno
divided
intothe
two
com- gravity
waterit without
%2
paration.bottom,
If you are
a student
using on
thisthe
Manual,side,
you are
permission.
and
0.2
asusing
shown
right.
The
bottom
pressure
isRepita
constant:
1.84wa-x ! x0{ln (y
P2.34
1.16
All
terms el
are
{ML
T30%
} tank
3-41
problema
3-40,
para
presin
bottom,
and
0.2 L
LP2.42.
on theleft
left side,"as
shown
atatright.
The
bottom
is
60 cm
P2.47
The
cylindrical
in una
Fig.
P2.47
is manomtrica
being
filled with
Density
thanpressure
thatas
of
theconstant:
hig
IMPORTA
EL
RECORRIDO
VERTICAL
MANOMTRICO,
2 is only slightly larger
partments,
shown
in
Fig.
P342.
Now
a
fluid
with
an
%mt/K
10 cm
10 cm
1.18
!V
de
45isVm
kPa.
0e
patmpatm
+ Agua
133100(0.2
L)
+
9790(0.2546)
+
133100(L),
or:
L

0.0906
m
ter
at
20C
by
a
pump
developing
an
exit
pressure
of
175
upper
"
.
Derive
an
expression
for
the
proportionalFor
1
(1)
+ 133100(0.2
L)=fluid
=ppatm
+
9790(0.2546)
+
133100(L),
or:
L

0.0906
teniendo
en
cuenta
las
relaciones
geomtricas
necesarias
EES
unknown
density
poured
into
one
side,
and
the
water
level
40
cm
atm
Chapter
1.20
zmax ! 64.2kPa.
m atAtt !
3.36
s shown, the air pressure is 110 kPa
dulce
35 pcm
the
instant
and 2
ity
between hdand =
pA9.06
!
if25.46
the Agua
reservoirs
are
very
large.
!t b
B
rises
a
certain
amount
on
the
other
side
to
compensate
for
3-42
La
parte
superior
de
un
tanque
de
agua
est
dividida
en
entre
l
a
p
arte
i
nclinada
y

e
l
r
ecorrido
v
ertical.


10Thus
cm
2
right-leg-height
+
=
34.52
cm
Ans.
Thus right-leg-height
70 cm= 9.06 + 25.46 = 34.52 cm Ans. 1.22 (a)P2.35
Water
flows
upward
in Rastops
pipewhen
slanted
at 30,
as in2.2Fig.
%0.372U
/R;35
(b)cm.
x!
%1.291
,#
Hfluid
The
pump
it can
no
longer
raise 'xy ! %28
hfig*P2.43 A left-leg-height
mercury
manometer,
Fig.
P2.35,
records
h !on
sity
de
mar
this
effect.
Based
the final
heights
shown
on
the
dos
compartimentos,
como
se
muestra
en
la
figura
P3-42.

Mercury
left-leg-height
== 20.0
9.06
cmcm
Ans.
20.0similar
9.06=to
=10.94
10.94
Ans.
P2.35.
The mercury
manometer
reads air
h !compression,
12 cm. Both
1.24
e ! 221,000
J/kg
2.4flux ! Const
60 cm
the
water
pressure.
For
isothermal
esti1.2,
4.9, and 11.0 mm when the water velocities
in
the
pipe
bet
ure, determineAhora
the density
ofids
thehare
fluid
Assume
liq- difference
se svierte
un
fluido
con
una
densidad
desconocida
en uno
ugiere
Tadded.
ODOS.
10 cm
at at
20C.
What
is the the
pressure
p1 " p2 in (a) 30.3 ft;
P2.19
1.26 ifWSe
lbfacer
P2.34
air ! 0.71
B uid does
H
time.
are V # 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 m/s, respectively.
Determine
(a)
de los
lados
y elmate
nivel
delthat
agua
se eleva cierta cantidad en el 2.6
not mix
with
water.
FIGURE P336

3

3
the
pipe?
2 #wet ! 1.10
kg/m
, #dry
!following
1.13 kg/mexperiment
P2.32
2.20The
The
hydraulic
jack10
incm
Fig.
isis
Conduct
the
toCon
illustrate
presthese
data
canP2.20
be correlated
in the form p1 ! p2 ! 1.28
Cotro
, P2.48
f "V lado
2.20
hydraulic
jack
in
para compensar
el efecto
que
se produce.
base enair2.8
3Fig. P2.20

P2.36
In
Fig.
P2.36
both
the
tank
and
the(approximately
tube are open 2.10
to ftthein
1.30
W
!
21
ft
lbf
3
filled
with
oil
at
56
lbf/ft
.
Neglecting
1-2
sure.
Find
a
thin
wooden
ruler
1
where
C
is
dimensionless.
filled with oil at 56 lbf/ft .f Neglecting
las alturas finales
de los fluidos, mostradas
en is
la the
figura,
deter- & of
Mercurio
m
atmosphere.
angle of tilt2.12
P2.35 weights,
Water flows
pipe
piston
whatupward
force inF a on
theslanted at 30, as in Fig.
1.32 (a) 76 kN;
(b) 501 kN If L ! 2.13 m,2 what
P2.35
piston weights, what force F on the
mine
la
densidad
del
fluido
aadido.
Suponga
que
el
lquido
no
2
handle isP2.35.
required
to
support
the the
2000-lbf
P2.33
In
Fig.Manual
P2.33
pressure
at
point
AEdition
isBoth
25 lbf/in
flu- 1300 atm the tube?
mercury
manometer
reads
h!
12
cm.
flu- . All
1.34
76 handle
Solutions
Fluid
Mechanics,
Fifth
2.14
2000 The
is FIGURA
required
to support
the 2000-lbf
P3-36
se mezcla con el agua.
Problems
107
weight
shown?
P2.37
The
inclined
manometer
in
Fig.
P2.37
contains
Meriam
ids 3-in
areWhat
at
20C.
What
is
the
air
pressure
in
the
closed
chamids lbf
are at 20C.
is
the
pressure
difference
p
"
p
in
1.36
(a)
B
!
1.33
E5
Pa;
(b)
B
!
2.13
E9
Pa
2.16
1
2
N
O
water
diameter
weight shown?
red Re
manometer
oil, SG ! 0.827. Assume that the reservoir
the pipe? ber B, in Pa?
1.38 ( ! 1380 Pa,
2.18
L ! 28
2.35 Water flows upward in a pipe
P2.36 In Fig. P2.36 both the tank and the tube are open to the
1.40 A ! 0.0016 kg/(m - s), B ! 1903 K
as in Fig. P2.35.
with manometer fluid0.68
!m. One side of the manometer is open2.20
icslanted
pres- at 30, atmosphere.
in The
in angle of tilt
(T cm
K/200 K) Oil
If L !1 2.13
m, what is15the
&Fof
Fig.
P2.20 1.42 ./.200K ! 50
2.22
to the air, while the other
is connected to new tubing which
mercury
reads h = 12 cm. What
(2)
= 0.8
mAll
offluthe manometer
L percent
1.44 Data 50 percent higher;SG
Andrade
fit varies )50
the tube?
Fig. P2.20
2.24
extends to pressure measurement location 1, some height H
is the
difference between points
X? pressure
1.46 V ! 15 m/s
P2.37 The inclined manometer
in Fig. P2.37 contains Meriam
dluid
cham2.26
30%
higher in elevation than the surface of the manometer liquid.
(1) and (2) in the pipe?
1-inAssume
diameter that the reservoir
1.48 F ! (.1/h1 & .2/h2)AV Water
red manometer oil, SG ! 0.827.
2.28
For consistency,
let3 !a be the density of the air in the room,
(1)
50rcm
1.50 . ! M(ro %
2.30
i)/(2/0ri L)
SG
=
1.0
!t be the density of the gas inside the tube, $!m be the denSolution: The vertical
distance between
Oil
1.52
P
!
73
W
2.32
h
sity of the manometer liquid, and h be the height difference
points 1 and 2 equals (2.0 m)tan 30 or
1.54 M ! /.0R4/h
2.34
between the two 3sides of the manometer. See Fig. P2.38.
1.155 m. Go around the U-tube hydro1.56 . ! 3M P2.36
sin $/(2/0R )
2.36
(a)
Find
an
expression
for
the
gage
pressure
at
the
meastatically from point
P2.201 to point 2:
1.58 . ! 0.040 kg/(m - s), last 2 points are
flow
2.38
turbulent
surement point. Note: When calculating
gage pressure, use
1.60 . ! 0.88 ) 0.023 kg/(m - s)
p1 + 9790h 133100h
2.40
2

is very
large. If the
inclinedat arm
is fitted with
graduations
the local
atmospheric
pressure
the elevation
of the
mea1.62 28,500 Pa
2.42
1 in apart,
should
the angle
beH;
if i.e.,
eachassume
graduation
surement
point.what
You may
assume
that h$ "
1.64 (a) %0.023 m; (b) & 0.069 m 2
2.44
corresponds
to 1left
lbf/ft
pressure
for pAis? of denthe gas
in the entire
sidegage
of the
manometer
or: p1 p 2 = (133100 9790)(0.12) + 11300 = 26100 Pa Ans1.66
.
F ! 0.014 N
sity !t. (b) Write an expression for the error caused by as806
suming that the gas inside the tubing has the same density
Water
h?
as that of the surrounding air. (c) How much error (in Pa)
2.36 In Fig. P2.36 both
the tank andOilthe slanted tube are open to the atmosphere. If L
=
50 cm
is caused by ignoring this density difference for the folSG
=
0.8
2.13 m, what is the angle of tilt of the tube?
L
1 in
lowing conditions: !m # 860 kg/m3, !a # 1.20 kg/m3,
3
80 cm
!t # 1.50 kg/m , H # 1.32 m, and h # 0.58 cm? (d) Can 5
Mercury
pA
D = 16 in
Water
you think of a simple way
to avoid this error?
50 cm
P2.35
9790(1.155
m) = p2 ,

P2.21

Fig. P2.35

2m
Air: 180 kPa abs

SG = 1.0

$ B

DALR !sur9
10,500 Pa
the
8.0 cm sur
74,450
Pa

the
(a) 21,526
sit
1.56
sum
14 lbf as
0.94 cm is
psealevel !
1
low
(a) 2580!m
t
4400 ) yo
40
101,100 Pa
22.6 cm
*p ! *h[+
25
(a) p1,gage !
21.3 cm
pA % pB !
(a) 171 lb/
loss

3-123 Las infusiones intravenosas suelen impulsarse por gra3-120 Se encuentra un valor aproximado
h = ? de la presin atmosvedad cuando se cuelga la botella de fluido a una altura sufifrica promedio sobre la Tierra, como una funcin de la altitud,
5.256, donde P
ciente para contrarrestar la presin sangunea en la vena y for!
101.325
(1
"
0.02256z)
por
la
relacin
P
atm
cen72367_ch03.qxd
10/29/04
PM Page
anunair
350
Consideratm
the system
shown in2:22
Fig. P350.
If 116
a change
118
3-50
Considere
el sistema
que
se
muestra
en la en
figura
P3-50.
FIGURE
P3122E
zar ese fluido hacia
el interior
del cuerpo. Cuanto ms alto se
es
la
presin
atmosfrica
en
kPa
y
z
es
la
altitud
km,
tomn
FLUID
MECHANICS
fluid
of
0.7
kPa
in
the
pressure
of
air
causes
the
brine-mercury
Compilado
P
roblemas
M
anmetros
y

t
ransmisin
de Presin:
dad
Si
un zcambio
kPadelenmar.
la presin
del aire
causa que atmosla incoloque la botella, mayor ser el gasto del fluido. a) Si se obdose
! 0inende
el0.7
nivel
Determine
las
presiones
Water
id
for
interface
the
right
column
to
drop
by
5
mm
in
the
brine
ave118
terfaz
salmuera-mercurio
de laCengel
columna
derecha
descienda
3134
AFIGURA
system
iss
equipped
with
twofluido
pressure
rately
Denver
M
unson
610
5White.
que
Ing.
W
aldo
Lizcano
Gmez.
same.
serva
se
equilibran
entre
las
presiones
del
lagages
san- and a
fricas
aproximadas
en Atlanta
! 306
m),
(z ! 1pipe
the
liquid
levels
in
the
two
arms
are
the
If they fluid
P3-126I
pheric
level in
the right column
while(zthe
pressure
in the
brine
PRESIN
Yas
ESTTICA
FLUIDOS
aimm,
en tanto
que
la presin
en elm),
tuboy la
de punta
la salmuera
se manmanometer,
shown
inDEFig.
P3134.
For
!hdel"brazo,
8thecm, deterIf it ta
gunea
cuando
la
botella
est
1.2
m
arriba
del
nivel
m),
ciudad
de
Mxico
(z
!
2309
del
Monte
Eveheight
in
each
arm
is
30
in,
determine
the
gage
pressure
remains constant, determine
the ratio of A /A .

sta:
tiene
determine
la razn A2/A1. 2 1
# Statics
P1.la presin
sink
th
mine
the
pressure
difference
!P
"dos
PFluid
determine
la on
presin
sangunea
b)
Si
3-134
Un
sistema
se equipa
conand
de cartula
rest (zconstante,
! 8848 m).
2 manmetros
Chapter
3manomtrica.
Pressure
person
exerts
the
oil
by
blowing.
comp
sity
of
3-120
manomtrica
del
fluido
a
nivel
del
brazo
es
de
20
kPa
para
tey
uno
de
tubo
en
U,
como
se
muestra
en
la
figura
P3-134.
Para
FIGURE
P3119
del tr
3-121 Cuando se miden las pequeas diferencias en la preSe mide
la presin
del agua
quebyfluye
por un tubo
3123 3-127
Intravenous
infusions
driven
gravity
5are
.256 usually
ner un
gasto
suficiente,
determine
a quz is
altura
debe in
colocarse
The average atmospheric pressure is given
as !h
Patm ="101
0.02256
z )la diferencia
where
the presin
altitude
8 .325
cm,(1determine
de
!P " P2 # P1.
3137
sin con un manmetro, Solution
con frecuencia
se
inclina
una
de
sus
ramediante
la
disposicin
que
se
muestra
en
la
figura
P3-127.
116
by hanging the fluid bottle at sufficient height to counteract
3-137
la
botella.
Tome la densidad del fluido como 1 020 kg/m3.
km.
The
atmospheric
various
locations
to be
determined.
FLUID
MECHANICS
3120
atmospheric
earth
is arethe
mas
con el The
fin deaverage
mejorar
la
exactitud
depressure
lapressures
lectura.aton
(La
diferenPara
los valores
dados,
la presin
en elinto
tubo.
blood
pressure
in the
vein calcule
and to force
the fluid
the
the
flo
as a function
of altitude
the
relation
Patm
Analysis
Atmospheric
pressure
at various
is obtained
by substituting
values
in kmthe
intoflow
the rate
ciaapproximated
de presin
todava
proporcional
laby
distancia
y locations
body.
The higher
the bottletheisaltitude
raised,z the
higher
articu
3124
AAires
gasoline
line isa connected
to5vertical
a pressure
gage
5.256
.256 . The results are tabulated below.
115
The
P
=
101325
.
(
1

0
.
02256
z
)
relation
!
101.325
(1
"
0.02256z)
,
where
P
is
the
atmospheric
3-127
no a la longitud
real adel
fluido a manometer,
lo largo del
tubo.)
Se medir
atm
of the
the fluid and the
guloga
atmas
through
double-U
shown
in Fig. la
P3124.
If fluid will be. (a) If it is observed that
CAPTULO
3
Solution
The
pressure
of
water
flowing
norma
pressure
kPa
and
z is the
altitude
inunkm
with
z ! cuya
0 at sea
presin
del in
aire
en
un
ducto
circular
con
manmetro
ra5.256
blood
pressures balance
eachkPa
other when the bottle is 1.2 m
su bo
kPa
Atlanta: gage (z
0.306kPa,
km): determine
Patm = 101.325(1
=P97.7
the reading
of the pressure
is =370
the - 0.022560.306)
0 = 30
Aire
gage and a manometer. For the values given,
th
require
Determine
the approximate
atmospheric
pressures
at= 101.325(1
o del
5.256 determine the gage Air
Brine
malevel.
abierta
est
35the
respecto
a la
horizontal,
como
above- 0.022561.610)
the arm level,
pressure of the
mal e
Denver:
(z = 1.610
km):
Patmse
= 83.4 kPa
gageinclinada
pressure of
gasoline
line.
5.256
pipe
Atlantaen(zla!figura
306 m),
Denver
! 1610delm),
City
(z
peliAssumptions
All the liquids are incompress
muestra
P3-121.
LaM.(z
densidad
lquido
el Pmablood.
(b) If the gage=pressure
at the arm1 level
City:
(z
=Mexico
2.309en
km):
- 0.022562.309)
76.5 kPa of the fluid
abrir
atm = 101.325(1
SG
=de1.1
5.256
Tubo
valor
! 2309esm),
and
the
of Mount
Everest entre
(z(z!
8848
m).
Water
Mt. Ev.:
= 8.848
km):
Patmde= 101.325(1
= 31.4
kPa
nmetro
0.81
kg/L
ytop
la distancia
vertical
los
niveles
needs- 0.022568.848)
to be 20 kPa
for
sufficient
flow rate,
determineThe
how
Properties
specific
gravity
of
gage
flu
salmuera
3
h Take the density
cape
Air
fluido
en las
dos ramas
es de small
8 cm. Determine
la presin
manohigh
the
bottle
must
be
placed.
of
the
fluid
.
kg/m
3121
When
measuring
pressure
differences
with
a
GEbut
= 1.1
It may be surprising,
the atmospheric pressure on Mt. Everest
is less than 1/3 that at sea level!
Discussion
Area, A1del aire enAgua
cin
Oilcolumna
SGis= inclined
0.79de fluimtrica
ducto
y laoflongitud
de la
to be 1020 kg/m3.
manometer, oftenelone
arm
the manometer
to
Analysis
StartingPipe
with the pressure indic
Manometer
P
=
370
kPa
de la
doimprove
en la rama
inclinada
por
arriba del(The
nivelpressure
del mismo
en la ragage
the
accuracy
of
reading.
difference
is
down)
or
subtracting
(as
we go up) the gh te
fluid
3-135
rea, A1
Water
3-121
101
Water
mastill
vertical.
Gasoline
SGactual
= 0.70
proportional to the
vertical distance
and
not
SG
= 2.67 For a given vertical
Area,
Aa2the
Patm
15C
Solution
An
oil
pipeline
and a rigid air tan
Solution
The
air
pressure
in
duct
is
measured
by
an
inclined
manometer.
level
difference,
the
Mercury
Oil
lvuPgage + w gh w1 gage ghgage w
cuyas
length Considere
of the fluid
The
airand
pressure
inofathecir3-122I
tubo
en tube.)
U
ramas
estn
abiertas
a
gagethe
pressure
in the
duct
the length
differential
fluid column are to be determined.
and=the
change
in the level of manometer fl
h2 = 50pipeline
cm
SG un
=along
13.56
SG
0.87
15C
rea, Ade
IV bottle
Pipe
la atmsfera. Ahora,
se vierten
iguales
y de
2 agua
50Thecmmanometer
Mercurio
Rearranging,
45 volmenes
cm
Assumptions
fluid
is an
incompressible
substance.
Air
Assumptions
1 AllL2the
are incompressible.
= 6liquids
cm
22 cm
o se
13.56lbm/ft3) en ramas diferentes.
Una
peraceite ligero FIGURA
(r GE
! =49.3
P
=
P
+
w g ( hwwith
3 P3-123
P3-121
in
the
manometer
is
negligible
compared
the
vo
FIGURA
water
gage
1 SG
gage h
ga
1.2
m
Properties
The density of the liquid is given to be = 0.81 kg/L = 810 kg/m .
Air hasta
h1 = 8 cm
ondo
sona sopla por elDuct
lado del
aceite
que la superficie 10
decm
conL
=
6
cm
Noting
that
sin
=
8
/
12
=
0
.
6667
and
substitu
1
P1
P2
Properties
The specific gravities
are given to b
e 92
Analysis
Theelgage
pressure
in the duct
is determined from
u
tacto de los dos fluidos se
mueve hasta
fondo
del propio
tubo
3
3
water to be w = 1000 kg/m
.=
The
gas
constant
of air
Pgage = Pabs L Patm = gh
o, en
P
30
kPa
(1000 kg/m
+
water
FIGURE P350
Air
8 cm2 Mercury 1 N 1 Pa
Water 3
Chapter
3
Pressure
and
Fluid
Statics
del
= (810 kg/m )(9.81 m/s )(0.08
m)
Analysis
(a) Starting with the oil
2
2 FIGURE P3134
SG = 13.6
m
1 kNpipe and
1k
3-51
1 kg m/s 1N/m
Gage
fluid

an
reach
go
up)
the

gh
terms
until
we
the
air
tank,
= 636 Pa
2

water FIGURA P3-50

L
Solution
Two water tanks35
are connected to each other through a mercury manometer with inclined tubes. ForSG
a given
1000 kg m/s 1 kN
= 2.4

8 cm
FIGURE
P3124
The
length
oftwo
the differential
fluid column
is are to be determined.
Poil + oil
ghoil + Hg ghHg = Pair
a and
pressure difference
between
the
tanks, the parameters
wn in
FIGURA P3-134
= 33.6 kPa
vities,
FIGURE
P3127
FIGURE
P3121
FIGURE
P3123
3135
An
oil pipeline and
a 35
1.3-m3pressure
rigid air
tankairare
L connected
= and
h / sin
= ( 8to
cmeach
= 13.9
cm
) / sin35
Assumptions
Both
water
mercury
are
incompressible
liquids.
The absolute
in the
tankconis determined
fr
351 Two
water
tanks
are
other
through
pipe
3138

Therefore, the
pressure
inintheFig.
gasoline
is 3
3
nected
to
each
other
by
a
manometer,
as
shown
a mercury
manometer
with
inclined
tubes,
as
shown
in
Fig.
(
15
kg)(0.287
kPa

m
/kg

K)(80
mRT

Properties
TheDiscussion
specific gravity
of mercury
is givenoftothebedifferential
13.6. We take
standard
density of
water to be by
w inclining
=1000P the=manometer
Note
that the length
fluidthe
column
is extended
considerably
= at 80C, determine 3 above
3-138
P3135.
the tank entre
contains
15airtubera
kg of
3-135
SeIfconectan
s una
de
aceite y un tanque
3125
Repeat
Prob.
3124
for (and
athe
pressure
gage
P351. Ifkg/m
the3. pressure
difference
between
two tanks
isreading
V air
1.3 m
arm
for
better
readability
therefore
higher
precision).of
3128
Consider
a
U-tube
filled
with
mercury
except
the
eite
3-51 Dos tanques
de
agua
estn
interconectados
mediante
un
1.2kPa
m
3139
(a)
the
absolute
pressure
in
the
pipeline
and
(b)
the
change
in
P
=30
0
rgido
de aire mediante unThen
manmetro,
como
se muestra
la becomes
240 kPa.a and u.
20 kPa, calculate
the absolute
pressure
in the oilen
pipe
Chapter
Pressure
andthe
Fluid
Statics
18-cm-high
at down)
the in
top,
shown
in
Fig.
P3128.
The
o se
manmetroAnalysis
de mercurio
conwith
losthetubos
inclinados,
como
se
Starting
pressure
in the tank
A and 3
moving
along
tube
adding
(as
we
go
ortheastank
the
to
!h by
when
theportion
temperature
drops
to
20C.
Assume
figura
P3-135.
Si
el
tanque
contiene
15
kg
de
aire
a
80C,
de3-139
Poil U-tube
= Pair isoil D
ghoil
Hg ghHg
3126E
A water
pipe
connected
a double-U
manomediameter
of the
right
arm
of the
!2cm,
and
ghis terms
until
we to
reach
tank
B, los
and setting
the result equal
to PB give
we
go up)
des
muestra ensubtracting
la
figura(asP3-51.
Si the
la
diferencia
de presin
entre
Determ
the
pressure
in the
oilabsoluta
pipeline
to la
remain
constant,
the the
air
termine
a) la presin
en
tubera
y b) eland
cambio
en
cho e
Two water tanks areter
connected
to each
other P31026E
through a mercury
manometerwhere
with inclined
tubes. For
a given
3-122E
as
shown
in
Fig.
at
a
location
the
local
diameter
of
the
left
arm
is
twice
that.
Oil
with
a
specific
sin
dos tanques es de 20 kPa, calcule a y u.
2
5-m-hi
volume
in different
thetemperatura
manometer
to oil
be
negligible
relative
to
the320C.
vol!h
cuando
la
en
el
tanque
desciende
hasta
a
and
are
to
be
determined.
fference between the twoatmospheric
tanks, the parameters
1169
kPa
1000
kg/m
(9.81
m/s
) 2.6
=

Solution
Equal
volumes
of
water
and
oil
are
poured
into
a
U-tube
from
arms,
and
the
side
is
pressurized
medi

(
)
Air
the= Pabsolute

PA + pressure
2a 14.2
w gapsia.
= PB Determine
2 ga
gravity
of
2.72
is poured into the left arm, forcing some merw ga + Hg gis
B PA
umetheofliquid
the
tank.
until
the contact surface
of the two fluidsHgmoves to
the bottomSuponga
and
levels
in bothen
arms
become
the
same.
The
que
la
presin
la
tubera
de
aceite
permanece
consejerc
ns Both water and mercury
are
incompressible
liquids.
pressure at the
center of the
pipe.on the oil side is to be determined.
cury from the left arm into the right
one.kPa
Determine
the maxexcess pressure
applied
Water Rearranging and substituting
= 1123
1120
kPa
the known
values,
tante y que el volumen de aire en el
manmetro
es despreciable
ubica
imum
amount of oil that
can
be
added
into
the
left
arm.
The specific Agravity of mercury is Assumptions
given to be 13.6.
We
take
the
standard
density
of
water
to
be

w =1000
(b)tanque.
The
pressure
in the air tank when
the temperatur
con relacin
1 Both water and oil are incompressible substances.
2 Oil doesalnotvolumen
mix with del
water.
3 The
cross-sectional

a
Answer:
0.256
L
2
2
Water
3
1000 kg m/s
P area
PP3-122I
20iskN/m
constant.
mRT (15 kg)(0.287 kPa m /kg K)(20
A of the U-tube
FIGURA

= 0.0750 m = 7.50 cm
=
a= B
P

air
g
Hg
kN
3
3
2(13.6)(10The
00 kg/m
)(9.81
m/s 2given
)Water
Oil
SG
=of0.80
byto1adding
we
26.8
1.3 m 3
0.88 Starting with the pressure in 2the
Properties
density
oil
be oil =(as
49.3
lbm/ft
. WeOil
take
2a moving
tankcmA and
along
theistube
go down)
or the density of water to be w = 62.4Vlbm/ft .
1.3 15
m30C
a
B
When
the
mercury
level
in
the
left
arm
terms
until weconsiderations,
reach
tank B, and
setting
thethe
result
equaloftoboth
PB the
givewater and the oil isSG
(as we go up)Agua
the ghFrom
2.68
geometric
Air, 80C drops a dista
Oil
Analysis
Noting
that
pressure
the= same
h
=
75
cm
V
=
V

(3d ) 2 x = d 2 y

SG = 2.72
this= surface
A
right
OilatSG
0.80 can be expressed as
Blown
26.8 sin at= the
2a contact
(cm) surface, the pressure
Water left
B
u Pcontact
Pblow
=
P
+

gh

PA + w ga + Hg g 2a w ga = aPB
2 Hg=ga
=Mercury
P+B aPgh
air
h
=
20
cm
a
atm
w
w
A
and the mercury fluid height will change by x + 9x s
y, de esteTherefore,
modo, los niveles de los lquidos
en las dos ramas
SG = 13.6
35Noting
incm that ha = hw and rearranging, Agua

26.8
g and substituting
the
known
values,
son los mismos. Si la altura del
en cada40una
2a fluido
P + oilOil
g ( hoil + x ) + Hg g (hHg 7.894 x ) = P
in deB las ra3D
50 =aP manomtrica
18 cm oil
FIGURE
60 in
Water
mas
es de P351
30 in, determine
que
la per2a la
2gage,
presin
7.blow
P
Patm = ( w
gh
)
blow
oil

= 34.0
sin2 =
= pipe
= 0.560 2
30 in

1 ft 2
lbf
261000
Substituting,
P PA sona ejerce 20
kg m/s
kN/m
3
2
sobre
el aceite
26.8 cuando
= ( 62.4- 49.3
.2 ft/scm
.8 sopla.
= 0lbm/ft
)(in=327.50
) (30/12 ft ) 32.2 1lbm
= B
=
.0750 m
2
2
D = 4 mm
3
2

Mercurio

ft/s
144
in
15
2 Hg g
1 kN
50

2(13.6)(10
00
kg/m
)
(9.81
m/s
)
(970

3-123 Las infusiones intravenosas= suelen

impulsarse por gra0.227
psi
mosMercury
SG = 13.6
2.68(0.75 + x) + 13.6(0.20 7.894 x) =
2D
D
=
2
cm
(
1000
kg/
SG
=
13.6
vedad
cuando
se
cuelga
la
botella
de
fluido
a
una
altura
sufiDiscussion
When the person stops blowing, the oil rises and some water flows into the right arm. It can be shown that
itud, considerations,
metric
352 A multifluid container
is connected
toMercury
a tube
U-tube,
as
when
the curvature
effects of
the
areydisregarded,
the differential height of water is 23.7 in towhich
balanceyields
30-in of xoil.
ciente
para
contrarrestar
la
presin
sangunea
en
la
vena
forP
= 0.194
mthat
= 19.4
. Therefore
Discussion
Note
evencm
without
a mano
P3-51
6.8atm
sin = 2FIGURA
ashown
(cm) in
Fig. P352.
For the given specificSGgravities
and
=ms
13.6 alto
Water
FIGURE P3135
zar ese fluido hacia
el interior del cuerpo. Cuanto
se
mnlevel 19.4
as thecm
pipe
the of
fluid
a liquid
interface same
will drop
aswhen
a result
theistempera


fluid column heights,
determine
the
gage
pressure
at
A.
Also
a
A
3140

coloque la botella, mayor ser el gasto del fluido. a) Si se obP3126E

determine the height FIGURE
of a mercury
column that would create

serva que se equilibran entre s las presiones del fluido y la san3141
3-75 FIGURA P3-135
A, Oil
cm
the same pressure at A. Answers: 0.471 kPa, 0.353
body
26.8.
cmdel
Water
2a
2 7.50cuando la botellaPROPRIETARY
gunea
est 1.2 m arriba
del nivel
MATERIAL
2006brazo,
The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Limited
distribution
permitted
only tocan be determined by
3136Inc.The
density
of a floating
under
SG=2.68

= 34.0
=
= 0.560
B are using it without permission.
3-140
teachers and
educators for course
If you are a student
using weights
this Manual,
la presincon
sangunea
manomtrica.
b)
Sipreparation.
la presin
26.8 determine
Transmisin
dyou
e P
resin
eMercury
n Fthe
luidos
tying
to
the
body
until
both
body
and
the
weights
hoil = 75P314
3-5226.8Un recipiente
fluidos
mltiples
est
conectado
a
un
3127
The
pressure
of
water
flowing
through
a
pipe
is
meade 2o
SG
= 13.6
manomtrica
del fluido
a nivel del
es deP3-52.
20 kPaPara
para las
teSituaciones
en las
que pequeas
fuerzas
aplicadas
are completely
submerged,
then
weighing
themflotante
sepa-en roof
Se puede
determinar
laand
densidad
de un cuerpo
pretubo
en U, sured
como
en brazo
lashown
figura
bysethemuestra
arrangement
in Fig.
P3127.
For the val- 3-136
ner
un
gasto
suficiente,
determine
a
qu
altura
debe
colocarse
pequeas
reas
adquieren
mecnica
para 3-141
con amarrarle
pesos
a ste hastauna
que ventaja
l y los pesos
se sumerjan
s ragravedades especficas
y las alturas
de
las columnas
de los3 fluihHg =
ues given,
calculate
pressure
pipe.
FIGURE
P3128
.
la botella.
la densidad
delthe
fluido
comoin1 the
020
kg/m
hidrulicamente
grandes por
cargas
(F). 3den
Relacin
entre dim
Mercury mover
por completo
y, despus, pesarlos
separado
el aire. Conrendos
dadas, Tome
determine
la presin
manomtrica
en A.
Adems
de la
Water
F, sidere
A, y Pun
. tronco de madera que pesa 1 540 N en el aire. Si neal y
determine la altura de una columna de mercurio que creara la
3
a
A
hundirse por
kg/m ) para MATERIAL
PROPRIETARY
. 2006fuerz
The M
r la
misma presin en A. Respuestas: 0.471 kPa, 0.353 cm
cesita 34 kg de plomo (r " 11,300
Discussion
Note that vertical distances are used in manometer analysis. Horizontal distances are of no consequence.
teachers
and
educators
for
course
preparation.
a raSe sugiere hacer TODOS.

mos610
2a
Even =

26.8 cm

2a
a

Water

B

500

Discussion
Mercury

Note that the pressure in constant-vo

Lquido
3, Fig.
the
two
arms3 yis
32diferencia
in, determine
difference
P2.18
The
system
in
ispressure
at 20C.
If
atmospheric pres848
lbm/ft
respectivamente.
son
45 lbm/ft
1 in
107
65 kPa.
Determine
h enP2.18
losthe
niveles
de mercurio.
70 cm
desconocido
Agua CAPTULO 3
between the twosure
tanks.
The densities
and mercury
are of the
is 101.33
kPa and of
theoil
pressure
at theh bottom
3-45 Con
frecuencia, la3 presin
se da en trminos de una coUnknown
U-tube
80 cm
5 lbm/ft3 and 848
45
lbm/ft
,
respectively.
tank
is
242
kPa,
what
is
the
specific
gravity
of fluid X?
p
in de lquido y se expresa como
las dos ramas es de liquid
32 in, determine Ala diferencia de presin
D =lumna
manometer
carga de presin. Expre- !m

16
107
entre los dos80 tanques.

Las densidades del aceite y del mercurio
Pressure
is Statics
often given
in terms
of a liquid
column de
se
la presin
atmosfrica
estndar
en trminos
de columnas
Chapter 3345
Pressure
and Fluid
cm
Aceite
CHAPTER 3
3 y 848 lbm/ft3, respectivamente.
son
45
lbm/ft
and
is
expressed
as
pressure
head.
Express
the
standard
a)
mercurio
(GE
!
13.6),
b)
agua
(GE
!
1.0)
y
c)
65
kPa


SG = 0.72glicerina
Ing. W
aldo Linizcano
Gmez.
FIGURA
P3-34
atmospheric
pressure
terms
(a)usarse
mercury
(SG !en13.6),
the two
arms
32
determine
pressure
difference
(GE
Explique
por
qu of
suele
mercurio
los maon
The
hydraulic
in a is
car
repair
shop
is se
to lift
cars.
The 95
fluid
gage
must!be1.26)
maintained
in the
cmde
3-45
Con lift
frecuencia,
lain,presin
da the
en trminos
unapressure
co- that
75 cm
P2.38
AGUA
(b)
water (SG ! 1.0), and (c)
glycerin
(SG
1 m! 1.26) columns.
r is to be determined.
between
the two
tanks.
The como
densities
of oil
and mercury
are
nmetros.
lumna
de lquido
y se
expresa
carga
de presin.
ExpreSAE
30
oil
Reservoir
W=
mg
3 cm 848 lbm/ft3, respectively.
50
Explain why we
usually
use mercury in manometers.
cm
45
seweight
la lbm/ft
presin
atmosfrica
estndar
en trminos de95columnas
de
tions The
of theand
piston P2.37
of the lift
isWATER
negligible.
3-46 DuranteAire
mucho tiempo se ha utilizado un sencillo expeAgua
3-35
El elevador
hidrulico
en un
taller
de yreparacin
de
P2.39
An
8-cm-diameter
pistonbeen
compresses
a)
mercurio
(GE
!
13.6),
b)
agua
(GE
!
1.0)
c)
glicerina
346 Apara
simple
experiment
long
used impide
to manometer
demon345is force
Pressure
is oftenandgiven
in gage
termspressure
of a liquid
column
demostrar
cmohas
la presin
negativa
que el oil into
50tiene
cm unit
s
Pressure
per
thus
required
simply therimento
Patm
Water
automviles
unarea,
dimetro
dethe
salida
demercurio
30 cm
yenselosis
deben
2 water
mtube, as
an
inclined
7-mm-diameter
shown
in que
Fig. P2.39.
(GE
!
1.26)
Explique
por
qu
suele
usarse
ma30
cm
strate
how
negative
pressure
prevents
from
being
is to
expressed
pressure
head. Express the standard
agua se derrame de un vaso invertido.
un vaso
Mercurio
the weightlevantar
ofand
the car
the area ofasthe
lift,de 2 000
h Se invierte
automviles
hasta
kg.
Determine
la
presin
nmetros.
When
a
weight
W
is
added
to
the
top
of
the
piston,
the oil
P2.38
An
interesting
article
appeared
in
the
AIAA
Journal
(vol.
30,
spilled
out
of
an
inverted
glass.
A
glass
that
is
fully
filled
by
=
13.6
SG
atmospheric
pressure
in
terms
of
(a)
mercury
(SG
!
13.6),
est
lleno
por
completo
con
agua
y
cubierto
con
un
papel
delgaFIGURA P3-42

Compilado Problemas Manmetros y transmisin de Presin:

Cengel Munson White.

Answers to
Selected Problem

108 Chapter 2 Pressure Distribution in a Fluid

manomtrica del fluido
que
debe 1992,
mantenerse
en el depsito.
rises
an
distance
of
10 cmasupshown
the
tube,
no.2 tiempo
1,
January
279280).
The
authors
explain
water
and covered
with
a la
thin
paper
is inverted,
in as shown.
pp.(SG
(b) (water
(SGmucho
!m/s
1.0),
(c)
glycerin
!
1.26)
columns.
do,that
como
se muestra
enadditional
figura
P3-46.
Determine
la presin
2000
kg)(9.81
) and
mg3-46
1se
kN
W


Durante
ha
utilizado
un
sencillo
expe2

=
=
= 278tubing
kN/m can
= 278
kPa
How ylarge
is pressure
thepor
weight,
inthe
N?
the
air
inside
fresh
beque
up el
to 25 percent
Fig.
P346.
Determine
the
at
bottom
of
the
2 usually
2 plastic
3-36
Agua
dulce
y
agua
de
mar
fluyen
en
tuberas
horizonta

Explain
why
we
use
mercury
in
manometers.
en
el
fondo
del
vaso
explique
qu
no
se
derrama
el
agua.
FIGURE
P342

A D 2 rimento
para
demostrar
cmo
la
presin
negativa
impide
/4
(0.30 m) / 4 1000 kg m/s
PP2.40
104 lasChapter
2estn
Pressure
ins apor
Fluid
pumpwater
slowly
introduces
into the bottom of the
more
dense
thanDistribution
that500
of entre
the
due
glass, and
explainAwhy
does
not fall mercury
out.
les
paralelas,
cuales
conectadas
man3-43
a levantar
una
carga
kgsurroundings,
que
est
sobre
el outgassing
agua
seSe
derrame
de
un vaso
invertido.
Se
invierte
vaso
queto
346
Avasimple
experiment
has de
long
been
usedun
toun
demonFluid X
3m
W
closed
tank
in
Fig.
P2.40.
At
the
instant
shown,
the air
or
other
contaminants
introduced
at
the
time
of
manufacture.
ion
Note
that
the
pressure
level
in
the
reservoir
can
be
reduced
by
using
a
piston
with
a
larger
area.
343
The
500-kg
load
on
the
hydraulic
lift
shown
in
Fig.
elevador
hidrulico
quecon
se
muestra
en la figura
P3-43,
vertiendo
est
llenohow
por completo
agua y prevents
cubierto
con
un papel
delgaFIGURA P3-40 10 cm
strate
negative
pressure
water
from
being
D = pump
8 cm stops when the air pres3) the
pressure
p
#
80
kPa.
The
Most
researchers,
however,
assume
that
tubing
is
filled
3
into
a
P343
is
to
be
raised
by
pouring
oil
(r
!
780
kg/m
B
do,
como
se 780
muestra
en
la un
figura
P3-46.
presin
) en
delgado.
cul
deaceite
(r out
!
kg/m
Glass
P2.17
The
system
in tubo
Fig.A
P2.17
atDetermine
20C.
If la
the
pressure
spilled
of an
inverted
glass.
glassisDetermine
that
is fully
filled
by at point
Vaso
Aire
sure rises to 110 kPa. All fluids remain at Piston
20C. What will
with
roomhigh
aira2atlevantar
standard
airpeso.
density,
which
can lead to sigtube.
Determine
how
should
be
in
order
begin
en
elserfondo
del
vaso
explique
qu
noinverted,
derrama
eltoagua.
bethin
laand
altura
hA
para
empezar
else
isywith
1900
,hdetermine
the
pressures
at points
water
covered
albf/ft
thinpor
paper
is
as shown
in B, C,
be
the
manometer
reading
h
at
that
time,
in
cm, if it is connificant
errors
when
using
this
kind
of
tubing
to
measure
3-41
Repita
el
problema
3-40,
para
una
presin
manomtrica
Mercury
0.5
m
to
raise
the weight.
re el
and D in lbf/ft
.
Fig.
P346.
Determine
the 2pressure
at the bottom of the
nected
to
standard
sea-level
ambient
air
p
?
pressures. To illustrate this, consider a U-tube manometer
de 45 kPa.
atm
Agua
P2.18

P2

endo
glass, and explain why water does 40
notcmfall out.
dulce
P
l de3-42 La parte
superior de un tanque
de agua est
dividida en
in
Fig.
Vaso Agua
Mercury
70 cm
d = 7 mm
10
10cm
cm
1/2
Chapter
1
de mar
1.68
h
!
("/
#
g)
c
dos
compartimentos,
como
se
muestra
en
la
figura
P3-42.
C
into a
Chapter 3 Pressure and Fluid Statics
red has a 1-cm ID and contains merAir
Air
Water
P2.19
The
U-tubecon
in Meriam
Fig.
P2.19
on
Fresh and seawater flowing
in parallel horizontal
pipelines
to each
other se
by
a double
Agua
60 cm
h Glassare2connected
1.70 h ! 2" cos $/(
ft
unU-tube
fluido
una
desconocida en uno
3-43
1.2 Ahora
1.3 E44vierte
molecules
begin
3
oil, If
SG20=densidad
0.827
3
ft
B
15
10 cm
10
cm
eter.
The
pressure
difference
between
the
two
pipelines
is
to
be
determined.
P2.22 T
cury
as
shown.
cm
of water
iscantidad
poured into
the
3y
3
Solution
A load on a hydraulic lift is to be raised by pouring oil from a thin tube. The height
of
oil
in
the
tube
P2.39
de
los
lados
el
nivel
del
agua
se
eleva
cierta
en
el right1.72
z ! 4800
m
1.4 1.63 slug/ft , 839 kg/m
h
required in order to raise that weight is toLOAD
be determined.
t
hand
leg,
what
will
the
free-surface
height
in
each
leg
be
2
2
tions 1 All the liquids are incompressible.
2 The effect
otro
lado
para
compensar
el efecto que se
produce.
Con
base
en
1.74
Cavitation
occu
50010
kgcm
1.6
(a)
{L
/T
};
(b)
{M/T}
A

Air
t
after
the
sloshing
has
died
down?
10
cm
Assumptions
1
The
cylinders
of
the
lift
are
vertical.
2
There
are
no
leaks.
3
Atmospheric
pressure
act
on
both
sides,
and
CARGA
olumn on pressure is negligible.
1.76 z ! 7500 m P2
Mercurio
1.8 las'alturas
! 1.00 finales
My/I de los fluidos, mostradas en la figura, deterhus it can be disregarded.
t
P2.20 p The hydraulic
jack in Fig. P2.20 is filled with oil at 56
Agua
2
4 ft
10 cm 500 kg
Suponga
que el lquido 1.78
no
(a) 25C; (b) 4
piece
atm
1.10mine
Yes,laalldensidad
termsP2.19
aredel{ML/T
8aadido.
cm 10
Air:
pB ATrozo
3 fluido}
ies
The densities
ofofseawater
and
mercury
are 3given
to
cm
t
lbf/ft
.
Neglecting
the
weight
of
the
two
pistons,
what
force
Properties
The
density
oil
is
given
to
be

=780
kg/m
.
Air mezcla con
3
of
Water
P3-36
1.80 x2y % y3/3 ! c
depaper
papel
1.12se {B}
! {L%1h}seaelF agua.
= 1035 kg/m3 and FIGURA
Hg = 13,600
kg/m
1.2 .mWe take the density
1 cm
P2.23
I
on
the
handle
is
required
to
support
the
2000-lbf
weight
Analysis
Noting that3 pressure is force per5unit
area,
the
gage
pressure
in
the
fluid
under
the
load
is
simply
the
ratio
of
ft
Wac
1/2 3/2
1.82 y ! P2.44
x tan $ &
1.14 Q ! Const B gfor
H
rhetoweight
be wto=1000
kg/m
the area
of the. lift,
this
design?
Water
0{ln (y/yP20f
FIGURE
P346
%2 %2 9 cm
1.2 m
1 cm
FIGURA
P3-46
1.84
x
!
x
hairterms
1.16
All
are
{ML
T
}
P2.21
At 20C gage A reads 350 kPa absolute. What is the height P2.24 anI
s
Starting
in the

%mt/K
(500 kg)(9.81
m/s 2fresh
) water
W withmgthe pressure
1 kN pipe
Sea
hh of
= 4.34 kN/m 2 = 4.34 kPa2 ft1.18 V ! V0e
Water
Trozo
= the
= by adding2 (as we
Pgage = along
the water in cm? What should
gage B read in kPa abPump
) and moving
tube
go
down)
or
D
2
2
Fresh

2000
a d6
A D / 4
(1.20 m) / 4 1000 kg m/s de
water
papel
347
Two
chambers
same
fluid at their base areChapter 2
1.20
z
!
64.2
m
at
t ! with
3.3610
sthe
max
solute?
See
Fig.
P2.21.
ing (as we go up) the gh terms
P2.17until we reach the sea A piece water
lbf
Mercury
cm
p1t
2
3-in
diameter
Hg
bycmaras
a piston
whose
weight
is 25 N,
as
shown
in Fig.
1.22separated
(a) %0.372U
x!
%1.291
R
The required oil height that will cause 4.34 kPa of pressure rise is
'xy ! %289tiol
2.2
of paper
, /R; (b)
3-47
Dos
con
el
mismo
fluido
en
su
base
estn
sepape (point 2), and setting
the
result
equal
to
P
gives
2
h
FIGURA P3-46
%
Calculate
the gage
chambers
B. 2.4
1.24wP347.
e ! por
221,000
J/kg
x ! Const eter
rados
un mbolo
cuyo pressures
peso2 cm
es dein25
N, comoAseand
muestra
en
Pgage
1000 kg m/s 2
4.34 kN/m 2

FIGURE
P343
P1 +Pgage
w =ghgh
Hg
gh

gh
+

gh
=
P
=
=
h
=
0.567
m
FIGURE
P346
w
Hg
air
air
sea
sea
2
P2.18 g The(780
system
in Fig. P2.18 is at 20C. If atmospheric
pres1.26
lbf Calcule las 1presiones
in
15 in

Hg 0.71
airh!
la Wfigura
P3-47.
manomtricas
en 2.6
las F (a) 30.3 ft; (b
kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s 2 ) 1kN/m 2

P2.40
sure
is 101.33 kPa
and the pressure at the bottom1.28
of cmaras
the#wet ! A
1.10
kg/m3, #dry
! 1.13 kg/m3
2.8
DALR ! 9.77

FIGURA
P3-43
y
B.
Piston
Mercury
ging and aneglecting
effect
oftanks
airthis
column
on pressure,
344E
Two
oiltank
are connected
to the
each
other
through
atube
Therefore,
500
kg loadthe
can
be raised
by
hydraulic
by simply
raising
the oil level
in theof
by 56.7
is el
242
kPa,liftwhat
is
specific
gravity
fluid
X?Wcm.
1.30
2.10
10,500 Pa
3-47
DosTwo
cmaras
con
mismo
fluido
en
su
base
estn
sepa1-2 ! 21 ft - lbf
347
chambers
with
the
same
fluid
at
their
base
are
Chapter
3 Pressure
andmercury
Fluid Staticslevels in
Chapter
3 Pressure
and
Fluid Statics
manometer.
the
difference
the
P2 = w gh
+ por
If sea
ghcuyo
= gpeso
( Hg es
hbetween
25w hN,
como

hsea
)muestra en 1.32 (a) 76 kN; (b) 501 kN
1-in
diameter
2.12
8.0
cm
wseparated
Hg gh
Hgby
sea
Hg
w
sea
rados
un
mbolo
de
se
a piston whose weight is 25 N, as shown in Fig.
P2.41 The system in Fig. P2.41 is at 20C. Compute the presA
sd with
the same
fluid
at their
base
are
separated
bylas
a piston.
The gage
pressure
in each air en las 1.34 1300 atm
2 B
at their
base
are
separated
by
a
piston.
The
gage
pressure
in
each
air
LOAD
la3-44I
figura
P3-47.
Calcule
presiones
manomtricas
2.14
74,450
Pa wit
ting,
Dos
tanques
de
aceite
estn
intrconectados
a
travs
de
P347. Calculate the 500
gage
pressures in chambers
A and B.
sure at point A in lbf/ft absolute.
h
kg Piston
(b) Bwater ! Air
2.13DE9 Pa
cmaras
A y B. Si Piston
2.16 (a) 21,526 cm
un manmetro.
la diferencia
entre los niveles de mercurio en 1.36 (a) BN2OAir! 1.33OilE5 Pa;Pistn
incompressible
2 The
2
2 The substance.
1.38 ( ! 1380 Pa, ReL ! 28
2.18 1.56
Oil
P2 =
)[(13600
kg/m 3 )(Oil
0.1A m)
ance.
1m
vation
in (9.81
each airm/s
chamber
is
Piston
SAE 30 oil airP B
mber
is
A
Water
P
density a
of air.
1.40 A ! 0.0016A kg/(m - s), B ! 1903 K
ough
2.20 14 lbf
2
B
air B 1.2 m
air 1
1
cm

1 kN
50 cm
P2.20

vels
1.42 ./.200K ! (T
K/200 K)0.68
density
of(1000
water kg/m
to be 3air
=1000
s de in
2.22 0.94
)(
0.6 m) (1035 kg/m 3 )(0.4 m)]

D
Aire
Aire
cm
be =1000
1000 kg m/s 2
Pistn
D
o en

B 2m
1.44 Data 50 percent higher; CAndrade fit varies D
)50 percent
A
2.24
p
Water
sealevel ! 117
50 cm
Aceite
Aceite
30m/s
cm
10 in
2
1.46
V
!
15
50
cm
2.26
(a)
2580 m; (
25
cm
=
3
.
39
kN/m
=
3.39
kPa
Oil,
SG
=
0.85
AirP2D
Air
P
in equilibrium, and thus the net
C
30 1cm
Air: 180 kPa abs
pcm
= 14.7
lbf/in2 4400 ) 400 f
1.48 F ! (.1E/h1 & .2/h2)AV
25 cm
A
B
2.28
30 cm
must
thus be
the zero.
net A vertical30force
50
C
a
cm
5 in
30 cm
3
25 cm
es
forceinexerted
by water pipe is 3.39
ertical
force
! M(ro % ri)/(2/0r
re,the
thepressure
pressure
the fresh
kPa higher
the pressure in the sea1.50
water.pipe.
A i L)
2.30 101,100 Pa
Aire than
30 cm
C
atmospheric
force, Aire
and
10
in
E
eDiscussion
exerted bypressure
D
Note that large weights can be raised10
by pulg
little effort in hydraulic
lift 50
by making
use of
Pascals
cm
1.52
P principle.
! 73 W
2.32 22.6 cm
3
30
cm
6
in
e
force,
and
E
32
in
ion
A 0.70-m high air column with a density of 1.2 kg/m corresponds to a pressure difference of4 0.008 kPa. h?
Water25 cm
Fluid X
3 mis negligible.
1.54 M ! /.0R /h
2.34 *p ! *h[+wa
W piston difference between
C
re,
its
effect
on
the
pressure
the
two
pipes
Water
W piston PC = Patm +
E $/(2/0R3)30 cm
water
50
cm
30
cm
1.56
.
!
3M
sin
2.36
25
A
W piston
piston
25 cm
P2(
Patm +
90 cm
water
1.58
.
!
0.040
kg/(m
s),
last
2
points
are
turbulent
flow
2.38
(a) p1,gage !
A
Water
piston
30Ccm
f each air chamber
is determined
E 90 cm
32
pulg
30 cm
1.60 . ! 0.88 ) P2.41
0.023 kg/(m80- cm
s) Mercury
relation to be
2.40 21.3 cm
Mercury
0.5 m 25 cm
Mercury
90 cm
s determined
Mercury
1.62 28,500 Pa
2.42 pA P2.45
% pB ! In
(#2
W piston
W
piston
30
cm
P2.18
g CE = Patm +
+ g CE E P
+ g CE
2
air A, gage =
B 2.44
Pa
1.64 (a) %0.023 m; (b) & A
0.069 m
Apiston
Apiston
(a)
171
lb/ft
;
WFIGURE
P2.21
P344E
FIGURE
P347
piston
Agua
+ g CE
Pair A, gage =
+ g CE
1.66 F !P2.42
0.014 NVery small pressure differences pA ! pB can be measured lossP2.46 In
Apiston
W piston
W piston
atm
accurately by
the two-fluid differential manometer in Fig.
90 cm
g CD = Patm +
Pair B, gage
g CD
=
g Mercurio
CD
806mer The
P2.19
U-tube
in Fig.
P2.19 has a 1-cm ID and contains
Water
Apiston
Apiston
Density
"2 isa gasoline
only slightly
than
thatproporof the P2.47 Th
The fuel
gage for
tank larger
in a car
reads
cury as shown. If 20 cm3 of water is poured into the right- P2.22 P2.42.
W piston
3-17free-surface height in each leg be FIGURAupper
g CD
g CD
Pair B, gage = FIGURA
90 cm
ter
fluid "1. Derive an expression for the proportional- EES
P3-44I
P3-47
tional
hand
leg,
what will the
Agua
2006
The
McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only
to to the bottom gage pressure as in Fig. P2.22. If the
RIETARY MATERIAL. Apiston
kP
ity
between
h
and
p
!
p
if
the
reservoirs
are
very
large.
A
B
1 Nafter
the If
tank is 30 cm deep and accidentally contains 2 cm of wasloshing
has
died down?
3
2
andkg/m
educators
course
you2 are
a student
using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
= 2806
= 2.81
000
)(9.81 m/sfor
)(0.25
m) preparation.
N/m
kPa
2
90 cm
H
*P2.43
A
mercury
manometer,
similar
to
Fig.
P2.35,
records
h
!
FIGURE
P347

1
kg
m/s
ter
plus
gasoline,
how
many
centimeters
of
air
remain
at

P2.20 The hydraulic jack in Fig. P2.20 is filled with

oil at 56
3
the
1.2,
4.9,
and 11.0
mm
when
the waterreads
velocities
in the pipe
1 N2

1 Nlbf/ft
the
top
when
the
gage
erroneously
full?
.
Neglecting
the
weight
of
the
two
pistons,
what
force
2
2
3
2
= 2806 N/m 2 =
s )(0.25
2099kPa
000
kg/mm)
)(9.81
N/m = 2.10 kPa
m/s )(0.25
=2.81
2 m) P3-47


ma
FIGURA
are
V
#
1.0,
2.0,
and
3.0
m/s,
respectively.
Determine
if

1
kg
m/s

1 kg m/s
the handle is required to support the 2000-lbf weight
P2.23 In Fig. P2.23 both fluids are at 20C. If surface tension efF on
2
3,
P2.48
Co
these
data
can
be
correlated
in
the
form
p
!
p
!
C
"
V
1
2
f
fects are negligible, what is the density of the oil, in kg/m ?
for2 this design?
1N

2.10
se2is)(0.25
m) of about 22kPa
kPa up.
a vacuum
tank BN/m
which =pulls
the water
= in2099
su
where
C
is
dimensionless.
f

1
kg
m/s
P2.24
In
Prob.
1.2
we
made
a
crude
integration
of
the
density
P2.21
At
20C
gage
A
reads
350
kPa
absolute.
What
is
the
height

distribution !(z) in Table A.6 and estimated the mass of

h of the water in cm? What should gage B read in kPa ab3-23
ut 2 kPa in tank B which pulls the water up. See Fig. P2.21.
the earths atmosphere to be m ! 6 E18 kg. Can this rePROPRIETARY MATERIAL. solute?
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to

eachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.