SIEMENS Seminario Profibus Marzo 2012
SIEMENS Seminario Profibus Marzo 2012
SIEMENS Seminario Profibus Marzo 2012
Redes RS 485
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Segmentos PROFIBUS
Conectado via repetidores Nuevo segmento cuando mxima distancia o nmero de dispositivos por segmento se alcanza
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Tensiones de Bus
Condicin del bus Reposo Voltaje Cable A +2 V Voltaje Cable B +3V
+1 V
+1 V
+4 V
+4 V
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Voltaje Offset
Lmites de Offset +12 V >Voffset>-7 V
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Segmento 1
Isolation
Segmento 2
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Repetidor Siemens
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Repetidor Siemens
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9 9 a t a t a s s a a il H ila H n ff e en
1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Red [m] Segmento [m] 4.000 2.000 400 500 1.000 200 1.500 100 3.000 1.000 100 6.000 1.000 100 12.000
[kbaud]
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Terminacin
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!!! !!! Pantalla no siempre Pantalla no siempreconectada conectadaGND GND en los dispositivos; Luego asegurarse en los dispositivos; Luego asegurarse que quela lapantalla pantallase seconecta conectaa aGND GND antes de entrar o salir del gabinete antes de entrar o salir del gabinete !!! !!!
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Terminacin
Terminacin para cada segmento en AMBOS extremos La terminacin funciona SLO cuando est energizada Problemas: falta terminacin, mltiples terminaciones
e xx titv veBoo i c A nn B Ac a o i i a t V aatio Vi inn i rm m e r TTe ss ee h itic tch w S w S P I IP D D a i V V ia
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Terminacin: Ejemplo
Repetidor
OLM
OLM
OLM
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23
Terminacin de Bus
Incorporada en un conector Incorporada en los dispositivos Profibus Como Terminador Activo
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Terminacin en Conector
DB9 Hembra DB9 Macho
Opcional
Cable entrante
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Cable Saliente
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Armado de Conectores
Existen varios tipos de Conectores Profibus para cables de cobre Para interior de tableros, generalmente se usa conector 9 pines Sub-D Fuera de tableros (Mquinas) se puede utilizar el conector M-12 o el conector hbrido. LA ESTACIN PROFIBUS DETERMINA EL TIPO DE CONECTOR
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Diferentes conectores requieren distintas tcnicas de armado. No es posible estandarizar con un solo procedimiento Los ms comnmente usados para PROFIBUS RS 485 son: 9 pines Sub-D 5 pines M-12 Conector Hbrido tambin disponible (Power+Data)
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RESPETE SIEMPRE LAS INSTRUCCIONES DEL FABRICANTE DEL CONECTOR Asegrese que los conectores utilizados soportan las condiciones ambientales a las que estarn sujetos.
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Los terminales para los cables de datos tienen rtulos que indican A y B o una referencia de color ej. Verde y Rojo Los cables de datos no deben intercambiarse. PROFIBUS guideline Interconection Technology especifica la asignacin:
A: verde B: rojo
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Rojo=B(+)
Verde=A(-)
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qConector de Bus
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Conectores M-12
Se utiliza cuando los equipos estn sometidos a condiciones extremas Solo se usan conectores blindados Poseen una marca mecnica (B-coding)
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Los conectores M-12 se utilizan fuera de tableros (IP65/67) En muchos casos la instalacin se puede simplificar usando cable prearmado
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Conectorizado RS485
Muy Fcil, cuando usa las herramientas adecuadas...
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4x
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G G
Profibus International Competence Center
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Verifique longitudes y cortes Atornille con torque suficiente pero no excesivo Verifique la integridad del cable
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Verifique que las pantallas hacen un buen contacto No deben ser aplastadas por el alivio de traccin ni tampoco quedar fuera de la zona prevista para su disposicin
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El Cable Type B, el cual tambin se describe en EN 50170, no ha sido actualizado y no se recomienda su uso.
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Diagnsticos
Instalar de acuerdo a PROFIBUS Installation Guideline (Documento, disponible de PI)
El BT 200
Rotura de Cable/cruce de cables Corto circuito Terminaciones Lista de Estaciones Longitud Reflexiones Estado interface RS 485
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Test Plug
BT200
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Test Plug
BT200
Test Plug
BT200
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qResultados posibles:
RS485 OKAY (estacin ok) RS485 Defective (no se recibe seal contnuamente, repetir test) No response (sin respuesta) 5V : (Valor medido correspondiente) RTS Signal (YES o NO)
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q Ejecucin de la prueba:
Desconecte todos los maestros del bus (PG,OP y CP). Las terminaciones del bus deben mantenerse. Conecte el BT200 al bus Ajuste el baudrate del bus en el BT200 Ajuste la direccin del esclavo deseado de verificar o 000 para todas las estaciones
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q Resultado de la prueba:
Durante la prueba de segmento completo, todas las estaciones disponibles se indican en una lista de estaciones disponibles (Live List) Para un test individual: No response (p.ej. no hay estacin en el bus a esa velocidad) Faulty Station(P.Ej. La direccin se ha asignado 2 veces)
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q Ejecucin de la prueba:
Quitar alimentacin de todas las estaciones del bus Conecte el Test Plug en un extremo de la lnea y el BT200 en otro extremo.(Desactive terminacin BT200) Inicie la medicin Despus de iniciada la prueba se solicitan 3 valores que deben ingresarse por teclado: Resistencia de loop (Default=110 ohm/km) Numero de conectores 12Mbit con inductancia longitudinal Valor de resistencia por conector (Default=0.32 ohm) Despus de confirmar el ltimo valor se realiza la medicin.
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q Resultado de la Prueba:
Aparece en el Display: Los siguientes errores pueden aparecer durante la medicin
No Resistor Inserted Mostrar 0m (no se determino un largo plausible) More than 1 resistor inserted
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Prueba de Reflexiones
Se utiliza para determinar la ubicacin de una falla (p.ej. Cortocircuito) o para confirmar la medicin de distancia (No a travs de repetidores) Las reflexiones ocurren, por ejemplo, en las siguientes situaciones:
Existen derivaciones Demasiadas terminaciones o ninguna Cambio a un tipo de cable errneo en el camino de la seal
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q Ejecutando la prueba:
Desconecte el maestro y asegrese que:
La terminacin de bus esta energizada No hay comunicacin El Test Plug del BT200 no est conectado
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q Resultados de la Prueba
Si no hay reflexiones (falla) detectables, el siguiente mensaje aparece:
El nmero en el display indica la distancia en metros desde el punto de medicin al punto de falla. Si la distancia de la medicin de reflexin corresponde a la medida previa de Distancia, la distancia medida se confirma
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la
p es
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6 Bytes Obligatori o
Relacionado Dispositivo
(Opcional)
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Repetidor de Diagnstico
PROFIBUS DP Bsqueda automtica de velocidad Funcionalidad de Repetidor Trabaja con componentes existentes
Segmento 1
Segmento 2
Segmento 3
Segmento 4
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Segment 1
Segment 4
Segment 2
Segment 3
Deteccin de errores para segmentos 2 y 3 Coneccin 9 pines sub D para PC (CP)para propsitos de diagnstico
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D Her iagno ram s ient tico O nlin a de Con e via figu raci n
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Fallas Comunes
Terminaciones Rotura de Cables Conectorizado Duplicidad de Direcciones rto e p Ex Timing de Red
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Terminaciones
Generalmente se perturba todo el segmento Generalmente se puede producir despus de una mantencin (limpieza conectores) Se puede detectar rpidamente por inspeccin visual
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Rotura de cables
Produce prdida de comunicacin en el bus (reflexiones) Rotura intermitente: Difcil de pesquisar sin instrumentos: Se requiere osciloscopio con capacidad de ser disparado con evento externo Rotura franca: se puede pesquisar cerrando terminaciones (siempre que el trazado del cable lo permita)
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Conectorizado
Prdida de comunicacin de parte del segmento Prdida comunicacin segmento completo Falta de contacto de pantallas Cables A y B mal preparados para insertarse en conector
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Duplicidad de Direcciones
Prdida de comunicacin en 2 estaciones Al desconectar 1 de las 2 estaciones con problemas se restaura dilogo con la estacin conectada Falla en el momento de asignar la direccin de bus (configuracin) Fcilmente detectable con Profitrace 2
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Redes Profibus PA
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Forma de onda demasiadas terminaciones Forma de onda falta de terminacin Ajuste Osciloscopio: 200mv/div 20us/div
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1 NRZ (PROFIBUS) 0
0 0 +
0 +
0 Ver: 1.00
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Cable transporta solo data 9,6K; 19,2K; 45,45K; 93,75K; 187,5K; 1,5M; 3M; 6M; 12M NRZ (No Return to Zero) 11 bits por byte de datos 1 start bit, 8 data bits (LSB first) 1 parity bit (even parity), 1 stop bit 1 bit paridad por cada caracter 1 byte FCS check sum (Frame Check Sequence) Secuencia Verificacin Formato Caracteres
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SOF
SD
LE
LEr
SD
DA
SA
FC
DU..
CRC
EOF
P: SD: LE: LEr: DA: SA: FC: DU: FCS: CRC: ED: EOF:
16 Bit Preample Start Delimiter Net Data Length (DU) + DA, SA , FC, DSAP, SSAP Length repeated Destination Address (Where the message goes to) Source Address (Where the message comes from) Function Code ( FC=Type & Priority of Message) Data Unit (Up to 246 Bytes including 2 Bytes for SAPs) Frame Checking Sequence 16 Bit Cyclic Redundancy Check End Delimiter End Of Frame
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Topologa Profibus PA
Spur Line
PROFIBUS
PROFIBUS PA
T Branch
Termination
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+ -
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24 V
PA Coupler
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= PA Link
= PA Coupler
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PA Link 24 V
PA Coupler
Hasta 64 dispositivos PA pueden ser conectados a 1 link - INDEPENDIENTE del nmero de couplers
V0 PA= 13..14V Ex V0 PA= 31Vdc+-1V non Ex
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PA Link 24 V
PA Coupler
x
II C ignition protection
110mA for EEx [ib] II C ignition protection 90mA for EEx [ia]
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RS485-MBP Coupler
24 V
24 V
GSD
GSD
GSD
GSD
1 0
15
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RS485
12Mbaud
MBP-IS
31.25 Kbaud
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9
24 V
3
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4
Profibus International Training Center
1 9
24 V
23
24 V MBP PROFIBUS Direcciones 3 - 125
11
MBP PROFIBUS Direcciones 3 - 125
24 V
4
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4
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24 V
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120 90 60 30 30 30 30
Maximum Length (Non Ex) [m] Maximum Length (Ex) [m]
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P/S
18mA
Uout = 12.8V
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Segmentos MBP pueden ser distribuidos en el bus RS485 Segun se requiera. No necesitan originarse en el Master
MBP Segment
MBP Segment
MBP Segment
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Experiencias PA
34
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Sumario. Descripcin del Problema. Objetivos. Marco Terico. Equipos Utilizados. Desarrollo.
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MARCO TERICO
FDT. PROFIBUS PA.
TECNOLOGA FDT
PROFIBUS PA
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Profibus PA
La funcionalidad de PROFIBUS PA est estructurada en bloques. Bloque Fsico. Bloque Transductor. Bloque de Funcin.
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Bloque Transductor
Diagrama funcional del Bloque Transductor en un transmisor de temperatura. Fuente: Manual PROFIBUS-PA Profile for Process Control Devices, Version 3.0
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Bloque de Funcin
Bloque de Funcin AI 1 AI 2
Valor de medicin:
Seleccin de Variable
Bloque Transductor
Canal 1
Canal 2
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Setup Demo
DPM1 S7-300 ACOPLADOR DP/PA PROFIBUS PA T53.10 PC /ADAPTER (MPI)
TH400
PROFIBUS DP
PROFICORE Ultra
UNIDAD DE SIMULACIN
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DISPOSITIVOS EN EL DEMO
1 PLC S7-300. 1 Acoplador DP/PA . MLFB 6E57-157-0A80XA0. 1 Transmisores de Temperatura T53.10, Wika. 1 Transmisor de Temperatura TH400, Siemens. 2 Termocupla Tipo K.
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CABLES Y CONECTORES
3 m Cable Profibus PA. MLFB 6XV1 830-5FH10. 3 m Cable Profibus DP. MLFB 6XV1 830-0EH10. 2 Conectores FastConnect. MLFB 6ES7972-0bb52-0XA0 2 SplitConnect. MLFB 66K 1905-0AA00.
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SOFTWARE
PACTware. Version 4.0. Analizador de redes Profibus ProfiTrace 2 con licencia CommDTM para aplicar la tecnologa FDT Simatic Manager, Version: 5.5 OS Windows 7 Ultimate.
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Conexin de una termocupla y una RTD de dos hilos a un transmisor de temperatura Wika y Siemens respectivamente. Fuente: manual TH400 y T53.10
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Ensayo N 2: Cambio de variables en los canales y Valor Primario aplicando tecnologa FDT.
Objetivos: Aplicar la herramienta de configuracin de transmisores PA. Verificar en la salida del transmisor y comprobar escalamiento.
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Ensayo N 2: Cambio de variables en los canales y Valor Primario aplicando tecnologa FDT.
Bloque de Funcin AI 1 AI 2
Valor de medicin:
Seleccin de Variable
Bloque Transductor
Canal 1
Canal 2
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Ensayo N 2: Cambio de variables en los canales y Valor Primario aplicando tecnologa FDT.
Valor Primario
Observacin: Posee las mismas opciones para ambos Transmisores.
Ensayo n 2: Cambio de variables en los canales y Valor Primario aplicando tecnologa FDT.
Asignar una variable a cada canal Se parametrizan de igual manera los transmisores No Wika y Siemens?
Habilitado
Habilitado
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El valores que recibe el Bloque de Funcin proveniente del Bloque Transductor. Al bit 6 y 7 indica la calidad. 00: Malo. 01: Inseguro. 10: Bueno.
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60
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FIN
S7-300 ACOPLADOR DP/PA PROFIBUS PA
PC ADAPTER (MPI)
PROFIBUS DP
PROFICORE
UNIDAD DE SIMULACIN
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Pgina
IEEE = originalmente un acrnimo para Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Ahora simplemente I-triple-E
Pgina
Cada procedimiento de comunicacin es dividido en componentes lgicos que se enlazan por interfaces definidas
Servicios
Aplicaciones Formato y codificacin de la informacin Sincronizacin y control de las comunicaciones Enlace entre dispositivos, segmentacin, troubleshooting
Ensamblaje de paquetes en datagramas y seleccin de rutas a travs de la red
Acceso al medio del bus, envo y recepcin de telegramas Generacin de seales elctricas
Internet
SNMP Socket PROFINET
TCP / UDP IP
4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol TCP = Transmission Control Protocol UDP = User Datagram Protocol IP= Internet Protocol
Ethernet
Multiples protocolos de aplicacin pueden ejecutarse simultneamente sobre el medio fsico (Ethernet) www.AllThingsPROFINET.com
Pgina 4
Comunicaciones
Server Server TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite Client Client TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite
Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet
User Data
Message TCP Header IP Header Ethernet Header IP Header TCP Header TCP Header Application Data TCP segment
TCP / UDP IP
Ethernet
Ethernet Frame
Pgina
Ethernet-Standard Preamble = 7 bytes of fixed value Sync = SFD = Start of Frame Delimiter VLAN = Virtual Local Area Network FCS = Frame Check Sequence (Checksum) ARP = Address Resolution Protocol
Application-specific
HTTP
SNMP
Socket
ARP
TCP / UDP
IEEE EtherType 0x0800
IP
Ethernet
Inter Fr am e Gap 12 Byte Pr eam bel 7 Byte Sync 1 Byte MAC 6 Byte MAC 6 Byte Ether type 2 Byte
VLAN 2 Byte
Fr am e ID 2 Byte
DataStatu s 1 Byte
FCS 4 Byte
Pgina
Direccionamiento
ISO/OSI
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)
Address (Port number); e.g. 192.168.1.101:80 IP Address; e.g., 192.168.1.101 MAC Address; e.g., 00-E0-08-33-4E-39
Pgina
Direcciones MAC
Direccin MAC( Direccin fsica) En una Red de Area Local (LAN) o en otra red, La direccin MAC (Media Access Control) es la unvoca direccin de su computador o de los otros nodos, que tiene un nico nmero de hardware. La direccin MAC es usada por la capa de enlace de datos del modelo de referencia OSI. Se puede hacer el equivalente de la direccin MAC a una huella digital.
Pgina
Direcciones MAC
Direccin MAC
Es nica en una red (En todo el mundo) Direccin de Capa 2 (Data-Link) 6 14 256 o 2.81 x 10 direcciones diferentes (281,474,976,710,656) Porcin Fabricante + Porcin Componente Un ejemplo de direccin MAC es: 00:70:6A:0E:1D:5C
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Direccionamiento MAC
Las direcciones MAC se componen de 6 Bytes o 48 Bits La direccin de 48 Bits se representa en su formato HEX, agrupados en seis dgitos separados por dos puntos(:). 00:70:6A:0E:1D:5C Caga agrupacin HEX representa unacadena de 6 octetos binarios. La direccin anterior corresponde a la siguiente cadena de ceros y unos: 00000000.01110000.01100011.00001110.00011101.01011101
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Direccionamiento MAC
Parte de la direccin MAC representa al fabricante y la otra parte representa al dispositivo especfico de dicho fabricante. Parte Fabricante 00:70:6A Parte Dispositivo 0E:1D:5C
La parte de Fabricante permanece igual para cualquier dispositivo de dicho fabricante a menos que existan mltiples IDs para dicho fabricante. La parte de dispositivo ser diferente de un dispositivo a otro.
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Introduccin al direccionamiento IP
Direcciones IP (direcciones TCP/IP) No son unicas (pero deberian serlo), asignadas por el usuario Pertenecen a la Capa 3 4 bytes (32 bit), Incluyen parte Red + parte host 2564 o 4,290 millones de direcciones diferentes Siempre se acompaan de una mscara de subred ej: IP Address : 149.218.90.19 Subnet Mask : 255.255.0.0
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Clases de direcciones IP
q
0 I I I I 0 I I I 0 I I
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Rangos de direcciones IP
Cada interface en una red debe tener una direccin IP nica Class Rango
A B C D E
1.0.0.0 a 126.255.255.255 128.0.0.0 a 191.255.255.255 192.0.0.0 a 223.255.255.255 224.0.0.0 a 239.255.255.255 240.0.0.0 a 255.255.255.255
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Subredes
La mscara de subred define que parte de la direccin IP es ID de red y cual es ID de host. Es una mscara binaria aplicada a la direccin IP Considere la direccin IP 149.218.10.20 Es una direccin clase B, (subnet mask = 255.255.0.0) Por lo tanto la direccin de red debe ser 149.218 y la de host 10.20 10010101.11011010.00001010.00010100 -Direccin IP 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 - subnet mask Que significa tener 65534 equipos en la misma red? Potencialmente enormes cantidades de trfico broadcast Solucin: Dividir la red en subredes (subnets)
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Subredes
Subnet mask
Se aplica a la direccin IP para evaluar la nueva direccin de red. Considere 149.218.10.20 Asignele una mscara de subred de 255.255.255.0 lo que significa que ahora pertenece a la red 149.218.10.0 a diferencia del original 149.218.0.0 10010101.11011010.00001010.00010100 - IP Address 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 - subnet mask Esto significa que solo 254 equipos estan conectados entre s. Para comunicarse entre subredes, debe usar un router
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Componentes de Red
Device A
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet) Router Router Switch Switch Repeater, Hub Repeater, Hub Gateway Gateway
Device B
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)
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Multicast = 1 a varios nodos de comunicacin. El trfico generado por un dispositivo tiene como destino multiples nodos pero no necesariamente todos los nodos
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El ancho de banda utilizado en el dispositivo afecta la capacidad que este tiene de recibir y transmitir datos en forma eficiente. El desempeo de la red se degradar si se utiliza demasiado ancho de banda debido al tipo de trfico equivocado
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Hubs
Dispositivos que regeneran las seales entrantes (frames) y las distribuyen a todas las puertas (Broadcast). Se consideran dispositivos tontos(indiscriminadamente envan datos a todos sin filtrar) No soportan 10/100 auto-sensing (10BASE o 100BASE) Sujetos a reglas de clculo de Dominio de Colisin
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I/O 1
From I/O 1
From I/O 1
To PLC 1
PLC1
To PLC 1
From I/O 1
To PLC 1
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I/O 1
From PLC 1
From PLC 1
To I/O 1
PLC 1
To I/O 1
From PLC 1
To I/O 1
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Switches No administrados
Un Dispositivo que entrega un paquete Unicast recibido slo al puerto en que la estacin de destino est conectada. TODOS los switches en la red instantneamente reconocen los nuevos dispositivos que a ellos se conectan, leen las direcciones MAC y las registran en su tabla de direcciones. Puertos RJ45 son tpicamente 10/100 auto-negotiation/crossing Mltiples versiones para variadas configuraciones de puertos RJ45/Fibra Es una buena prctica mantener puertos extra para expansin, acceso de laptop y networking con el resto de la instalacin.
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Switches Administrados
Los Switches administrados pueden operar en una red sin requerir ninguna programacin como los switches no administrados A los Switches Administrados se les puede asignar su propia direccin IP, permitiendo as realizar ajustes especficos de los puertos y el control general del switch Aplicando software SNMP as como tambin otros mtodos es posible el monitoreo y configuracin (alarmas, Uso del Ancho de Banda, Seguridad, etc.)
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Operacin de un Switch
En un switch, cada puerto es un Dominio de Colisin Puede comunicarse a @ 10/100mbps Half o Full Duplex El trfico Unicast se enva solo al puerto donde esta conectada la estacin destino
From PC 12
To PLC B
From PC 12
PC 12
To PLC B
PLC B PLC A
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Operacin de un Switch
Cmo el switch direcciona el trfico Unicast eficientemente?
Address table Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 PC 1 RC 11 RC 12 RC 13 PLC C PLC B PLC A
P3 P1 PC 1 P2
P5
P4
Operacin de un Switch
Address table Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 PC 1
From PC 1 To PLC C
RC 11 RC 12 RC 13
PLC C
PLC B
PLC A
P3 P1 P2
From PC 1 To PLC C
PC 1
P5
P4
PLC A PLC B RC 11 RC 13
PLC C RC 12
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Operacin de un Switch
Address table Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 PLC 1
From PC 1 To PLC C
P3 P1 P2
From PLC 1 From PC 1
RC 11 RC 12 RC 13
PLC C
PLC C
PLC B
PC 1
From PLC A To RC 11
P5
P4
To PLC C
To RC 11
PLC A PLC B RC 11 RC 12 RC 13
PLC C
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Switches No Administrados
Un Dispositivo que entrega un paquete Unicast recibido slo al puerto en que la estacin de destino est conectada (No requiere configuracin Manual). TODOS los switches en la red instantneamente reconocen los nuevos dispositivos que a ellos se conectan, leen las direcciones MAC y las registran en su tabla de direcciones. Puertos RJ45 son tipicamente 10/100 auto-negotiation/crossing Mltiples versiones para variadas configuraciones de puertos RJ45/Fibra
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Switches Administrados
Un Dispositivo que entrega un paquete Unicast recibido slo al puerto en que la estacin de destino est conectada (No requiere configuracin Manual). TODOS los switches en la red instantneamente reconocen los nuevos dispositivos que a ellos se conectan, leen las direcciones MAC y las registran en su tabla de direcciones. Puertos RJ45 son tipicamente 10/100 auto-negotiation/crossing Mltiples versiones para variadas configuraciones de puertos RJ45/Fibra
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Administrado Vs No-Administrado
Puede ser programado usando interface Serial, Web interface, o software SNMP Port security La funcionalidad de seguridad es importante en terminos de conciencia y prevencin de acceso no deseado a los dispositivos y a la red. Port mirroring Necesario para el diagnstico y monitoreo preciso y busqueda de fallas permitiendo copiar el trafico unicast de un puerto a otro. Multicast Filtering Permite la gestin precisa del trfico IP Multicast. Asegura que no slo eltrafico unicast, sino tambin multicast esta apropiadamente dirigido a donde corresponde. Remote monitoring Permite la posibilidad de monitorerar remotamente condiciones y criterios de desempeo del switch. Spanning Tree Protocol Facilita conexiones redundantes para back bone y redes libres de loops. Prioritization support, asegura que los frames marcados con alta prioridad sern procesados rpida y eficientemente. Broadcast Limiters Permiten al administrados filtrar la cantidad de trficobroadcast traffic a baser de paquetes por segundo.
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Recuerda el Trfico??
Trfico Unicast, a travez de un hub, es como trfico broadcast Trfico Multicast a travez de un hub o Switch no administrado es como trfico broadcast El trfico Broadcast cuando no se controla, puede afectar el desempeo global de la red as como la capacidad de un nodo de desempear su proceso primario causando time outs los que pueden llevar a fallas de comunicacin y a fallas en el proceso controlado.
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Administrados Vs No-Administrados
Caractersticas l Prevent collisions l Auto-polarity, -sensing l Auto-negotiation, -MDI/MDIX l Web interface l Port security l Port mirroring l Multicast Filtering/IGMP l Remote monitoring l Redundancy l SNMP l Broadcast Limiter Administrados No Administrados
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Routers y Enrutamiento
Definicin de un Router- Un dispositivo que establece un camino de un nodo en una red o subred a otro nodo en otra red o subred. Definicin deEnrutamiento- El proceso de determinar el camino entre el emisor y receptor de un paquete. Existen 2 : Enrutamiento en la Fuente (Source routing)- El nodo de Origen determina la ruta y la incluye incluye en campos especiales en el frame de datos Hop-by-hop- La ruta entre fuente y destino se determina en el camino, salto a salto. Muchos protocolos de enrutamiento se basan en este mtodo. The routing protocols most used are RIP, RIPII and OSPF for standard protocols. They will be discussed in greater detail during the Routing/Layer 3 presentation
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Routers
Un router tiene 2 funciones principales: Conectar redes entre s Bloquear trafico broadcast Todas las otras funciones que pueden tener los routers son agregados y no forman parte de la funcionalidad Para que los routers aprendan donde se encuentran las diferentes redes,se debe utilizar algun protocolo de enrutamiento. Existen 2 formas de hacer esto Estatico- Manualmente se debe ingresar en cada router donde estan las redes. Consume bastante tiempo la configuracin y mantencin Dinmico- El protocolo de enrutamiento aprende por si mismo las redes conectadas y enva esta informacin automticamente entre todos los routers. Tabla de Enrutamiento (Routing Table)- Esta tabla mantiene toda la informacin de capa IP/Red tal como la base de datos de reenvo en un switch mantiene la informacin de destino Layer 2 para los dispositivos de destino. Tambin se denomina cach ARP de informacin de dispositivos.
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Hub
Hub
C ompu ter
C ompu ter
C ompu te r
C o mput er
C omp ut er
Hub
Hub
C ompu te r
C ompu te r
C ompu ter
C omp ut er
Comp ut er C ompu te r
C ompu te r
C omput er C omput er
C omput er
Hub
C omput er C omput er C omput er
C ompu t er
Hub Hub
Hub
C ompu te r
Co mp ut er Co mpu te r
C omput er
Co mp ut er C ompu te r Co mpu te r
C o mput e r
Hub
Hub
Co mp ut er Co mp ut er
C omp ute r
Co mpu te r
Routers divide broadcast Los routers dividen el domains dominio Broadcast And y connect networks
Co mput er
Hub
Hub
C omput er C omp ut er
C omp ut er
Co mput er
conectan redes
192.168.3.x 255.255.255.0
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Componentes de Red
Routers Direcciones IP
OSI Capa 3 (usa direccin IP) Puede ser usado para trafico LAN a WAN o de subred a subred Direcciones y Redes definidas por el usuario usando IP Reenvo en s o ms (millisegundos) entre redes Routers son el camino entre las redes de area local
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet) LAN = Local Area Network WAN = Wide Area Network
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Tipos de conexiones
Los cables UTP forman los segmentos de Ethernet y pueden ser cables rectos o cables cruzados dependiendo de su utilizacin. 1.- Cable recto (pin a pin)
Estos cables conectan un concentrador a un nodo de red (Hub, Nodo). Todos los pares de colores estn conectados en las mismas posiciones en ambos extremos. La razn es que el concentrador es el que realiza el cruce de la seal. Para hacer un cable cruzado existen 2 ramas: 568B, 568A. Una se utilizar en uno de los extremos del cable y la otra norma en el otro extremo.
Este tipo de cable se utiliza cuando se conectan elementos del mismo tipo, dos enrutadores, dos concentradores Tambin se utiliza cuando conectamos 2 computadoras directamente, sin que haya enrutadores o algn elemento a mayores.
Para saber qu tipo de cable se est utilizando (recto o cruzado) solo hay una manera de hacerlo, y es utilizando un instrumento adecuado de medida.
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Tipos de cable
Hay varios tipos de cables y cada uno posee unas ventajas y unos inconvenientes, esto quiere decir que ninguno de estos tipos de cables es mejor que otro. Sobre todo se diferencian en su ancho de banda, y en como les afectan las interferencias electromagnticas:
1.- Apantallado (STP/ Shielded Twisted Pair). 2.- No apantallado (UTP/ Unshielded twisted pair). 3.- Con pantalla global (FTP) Tambien llamado FUTP
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STP
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2.- No apantallado (UTP/ Unshielded twisted pair): Es el cable ms simple. En comparacin con el apantallado este, es ms barato, adems de ser fcil de doblar y pesar poco. Las desventajas de este tipo de cable, es que cuando se somete a altas temperaturas no es tan resistente a las interferencias del medio ambiente. Los servicios como: Red de Area Local ISO 802.3 (Ethernet) y ISO 802.5 (Token Ring), telefona digital, son algunos de los que puede soportar este tipo de cable
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UTP
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2.1.- Categoras
Hay varias categoras dentro de los cables UTP, las cuales se diferencian en su atenuacin, impedancia y capacidad de lnea: Categora 1: (cable UTP tradicional) Alcanza como mximo una velocidad de 100 Kbps. Se utiliza en redes telefnicas. Categora 2: Alcanza una velocidad de transimisin de 4 Mbps . Tiene cuatro pares trenzados de hilo de cobre. Categora 3: 16 Mbps puede alcanzar como mximo en la transmisin. Tiene un ancho de banda de 16 MHz. Categora 4: Velocidad de transmisin de hasta 20 Mbps, con un ancho de banda de 20 MHz.
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Categora 5: Velocidad de hasta 100 Mbps, con un ancho de banda de 100 MHz. Se utiliza en las comunicaciones de tipo LAN. La atenuacin de este cable depende de la velocidad. Velocidad de 4 Mbps -- Atenuacin de 13 dB Velocidad de 10 Mbps -- Atenuacin de 20 dB Velocidad de 16 Mbps -- Atenuacin de 25 dB Velocidad de 100 Mbps -- Atenuacin de 67 dB
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Categora 5e: Igual que la anterior pero mejorada, ya que produce menos atenuacin. Puede alcanzar velocidad de transmision de 1Gbs con electronica especial. Categora 6: Tiene un ancho de banda de 250 MHz. Puede alcanzar velocidad de transmision de 1Gbs Categora 6A: Tiene un ancho de banda de 500 MHz. Puede alcanzar velocidad de transmision de 10Gbs Categora 7: Esta categora esta aprobada para los elementos que conforman la clase F en el estandar internacional ISO 11801. Tiene un ancho de banda de 600 MHz. Puede alcanzar velocidades de transmision superiores a 10Gbs
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FUTP
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Cat 5: actualmente no reconocido por TIA/EIA. Frecuentemente usado en redes ethernet, fast ethernet (100 Mbit/s) y gigabit ethernet (1000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 100 MHz. Cat 5e: actualmente definido en TIA/EIA-568-B. Frecuentemente usado en redes fast ethernet (100 Mbit/s) y gigabit ethernet (1000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 100 MHz. Cat 6: actualmente definido en TIA/EIA-568-B. Usado en redes gigabit ethernet (1000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 250 MHz. Cat 6a: actualmente definido en TIA/EIA-568-B. Usado en un futuro en redes 10 gigabit ethernet (10000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 500 MHz. Cat 7: actualmente no reconocido por TIA/EIA. Usado en un futuro en redes 10 gigabit ethernet (10000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 600 MHz.
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Conectores RJ-45
El RJ45 es una interfaz fsica comnmente usada para conectar redes de cableado estructurado, (categoras 4, 5, 5e y 6). RJ es un acrnimo ingls de Registered Jack que a su vez es parte del Cdigo Federal de Regulaciones de Estados Unidos. Posee ocho "pines" o conexiones elctricas, que normalmente se usan como extremos de cables de par trenzado. Es utilizada comnmente con estndares como TIA/EIA-568-B, que define la disposicin de los pines o wiring pinout. Una aplicacin comn es su uso en cables de red Ethernet, donde suelen usarse 8 pines (4 pares). Otras aplicaciones incluyen terminaciones de telfonos (4 pines o 2 pares) por ejemplo en Francia y Alemania, otros servicios de red como RDSI y T1 e incluso RS-232.
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Conexin
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Tipos de cable
Cable directo El cable directo de red sirve para conectar dispositivos desiguales, como un computador con un hub o switch. En este caso ambos extremos del cable deben de tener la misma distribucin. No existe diferencia alguna en la conectividad entre la distribucin 568B y la distribucin 568A siempre y cuando en ambos extremos se use la misma, en caso contrario hablamos de un cable cruzado. El esquema ms utilizado en la prctica es tener en ambos extremos la distribucin 568B.
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Cable cruzado El cable cruzado sirve para conectar dos dispositivos igualitarios, como 2 computadoras entre s, para lo que se ordenan los colores de tal manera que no sea necesaria la presencia de un hub. Actualmente la mayora de hubs o switches soportan cables cruzados para conectar entre s. A algunas tarjetas de red les es indiferente que se les conecte un cable cruzado o normal, ellas mismas se configuran para poder utilizarlo PC-PC o PC-Hub/switch. Para crear un cable cruzado que funcione en 10/100baseT, un extremo del cable debe tener la distribucin 568A y el otro 568B. Para crear un cable cruzado que funcione en 10/100/1000baseT, un extremo del cable debe tener la distribucin 568B y el otro Gigabit Ethernet (variante B).
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Administracin de la red
ISO divide la administracin de la red en cinco partes que se definen dentro del Modelo OSI:
Administracin de la contabilidad: Proporciona informacin sobre costos y los usos contables. Administracin de la configuracin: Administra la configuracin real de la red. Administracin de fallos: Detecta, asla y corrige los fallos, incluyendo el mantenimiento de un registro y un diagnstico de los errores. Administracin del desempeo (prestaciones): Mantiene una eficiencia y un desempeo mximos, incluyendo la recopilacin de estadsticas y el mantenimiento de registros para definir un baseline Administracin de la seguridad: Mantiene un sistema seguro y administra el acceso.
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Administracin en TCP/IP
El Comit Asesor de Internet (Internet Advisory Board, IAB) ha elaborado o adoptado varias normas para la administracin de la red. En su mayora, stas se han diseado especficamente para ajustarse a los requisitos de TCP/IP, aunque cuando es posible cumplen con la arquitectura OSI. Para cubrir dichas necesidades se han creado dos protocolos, ambos con funcionalidades parecidas: 1.- SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol 2.- TCP/IP(CMOT): Common Management Information Services and Protocol Over TCP/IP. Una norma para TCP/IP y para la administracin OSI.
Servicios Comunes de Informacin sobre la Administracin (Common Management Information Services, CMIS ) Protocolo Comn de Informacin sobre la Administracin ( Common Management Information Protocol, CMIP )
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SNMP
Protocolo de nivel de aplicacin para administrar (consulta u otras operaciones) de diferentes dispositivos ( routers, switches, hubs, hosts, modems, impresoras, etc ). Cada equipo conectado a la red ejecuta unos procesos (agentes). Dichos procesos van actualizando variables (manteniendo histricos) en una base de datos.
Por ejemplo, en el caso de:
- un router: interfaces activos, la velocidad de sus enlaces serie, nmero de errores, bytes emitidos, bytes recibidos, ... - en una impresora: que se termin el papel, ... - en un modem: la prdida de conexin, - en un switch: bocas conectadas, desconectar un boca en el caso de IPs duplicadas, si la mquina est infectada de virus, etc
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SNMP: funcionamiento
La forma normal de uso del SNMP es el sondeo (polling): 1.- Pregunta: la estacin administradora enva una solicitud a un agente (proceso que atiende peticin SNMP) pidindole informacin o mandndole actualizar su estado de cierta manera. 2.- Respuesta: la informacin recibida del agente es la respuesta o la confirmacin a la accin solicitada.
Problema: incremento con los nodos administrados y puede llegar a perjudicar el rendimiento de la red Mtodo Interrupcin (trap): un agente manda la informacin al nodo administrador puntualmente, ante una situacin predeterminada (por ejemplo una anomala detectada en la red)
SNMP
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SNMP: protocolos
SNMP es independiente del protocolo (IPX de SPX/IPX de Novell, IP con UDP) SNMP se puede implementar usando comunicaciones UDP o TCP, pero se suelen usar comunicaciones UDP en la mayora de los casos. Con UDP, el protocolo SNMP se implementa utilizando los puertos 161 y 162. puerto 161 se utiliza para las transmisiones tipo sondeo puerto 162 se utiliza para los mensajes de tipo trap o interrupcin.
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XDR
TCP
UDP
IP
SNMP
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SNMP
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- MIB Management Information Base. Base de datos relacional (organizada por objetos o variables y sus atributos o valores) que contiene informacin del estado de un nodo administrado y es actualizada por los agentes SNMP. Un subconjunto es el MIB-2 (informacin comn soportada por todos los dispositivos)
SNMP
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SMI: Structure of Management Information Estructura en forma de rbol global para la informacin de administracin, convenciones, sintaxis y las reglas para la construccin de MIBs.
Standard (0) ... (0) ... (0) Directory (1) ... (0) System (1)
Org (3)
private (4)
...
Interfaces (2)
SNMP
Addr-translation (3)
...
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Subrboles de la MIB-2
SNMP
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grupo
system interfaces interfaces ip icmp tcp udp
variable
sysUpTime ifNumber ifInErrors ipInReceives icmpInEchos tcpInSegs
significado
Tiempo desde el ltimo arranque Nmero de interfaces de red Nmero de paquetes entrantes en los que el agente ha encontrado error Nmero de paquetes recibidos Nmero de solicitudes de Echo ICMP recibidas Nmero de paquetes TCP recibidos
Este formato para la representacin de variables puede ser expresadas tanto en ASCII como nmeros separados por puntos, en una notacin conocida como OID (Object Identifier) o descriptor. As sucesivamente hasta especificar la variable (u objeto) y el puerto a consultar.
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SNMP
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SNMP: Versiones
Versin 1: La seguridad se basa en comunidades (que usan passwords comunes sobre texto plano) que permiten usar dispositivos si se conoce el password. Se puede explotar for fuerza bruta. A pesar de que es la versin inicial es la que se distribuye en muchos equipos. Versin 2: Reduce la carga de trfico adicional para la monitorizacin (con uso de GetBulk e Informs) y soluciona los problemas de monitorizacin remota o distribuida (con las sondas RMON). SNMPv2 puede leer SNMPv1. Versin 3: Para evitar la falta de seguridad en las transmisiones (con cifrado y autenticacin), proporciona una capa o parche complemento a SNMPv1 y v2, que aade a los mensajes SNMP (v1 y v2) una cabecera adicional.
Si no se dispone de seguridad suficiente, con carcter general es aconsejable deshabilitar la ejecucin de comandos SET.
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Obtencin de informacin
ESTACIN ADMINISTRADORA NODO ADMINISTRADO ? i MIB
UDP 161
UDP 161
AGENTE
Consulta/Solicitud de variable:
GET RESPONSE
SNMP
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Modificacin de informacin
ESTACIN ADMINISTRADORA NODO ADMINISTRADO ! i MIB
UDP 161
UDP 161
GET RESPONSE
EJEMPLO: EJEMPLO Se puede usar para resetear el valor de los contadores, como el nmero de paquetes procesados.
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Generacin de interrupciones
ESTACIN ADMINISTRADORA NODO ADMINISTRADO N AGENTE Un Agente informa de un evento: N MIB
UDP 162
TRAP
SNMP
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SNMP
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MIBs de RMON1
1.- Statistics. Estadstica en tiempo real de una LAN (utilizacin, colisiones, errores CRC, ) 2.- History. Histrico de la estadstica 3.- Alarm. Definiciones de Traps 4.- Hosts. Estadsticas de un host especfico de la LAN (bytes enviados/recibidos, ) 5.- Hosts top N. Registro de las conexiones top N ms activas en un periodo de tiempo 6.- Matrix. Matriz de trfico enviado/recibido entre sistemas 7.- Filter. Filtrar segn ciertos patrones (direcciones MAC, puertos TCP 8.- Capture. Recoge paquetes que cumplen el filtro 9. Event. Enva alarmas (SNMP traps) 10.- Token Ring. Extensiones para Token Ring
SNMP
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MIBs de RMON2
1.- Protocol Directory. Lista de protocolos que se puede monitorizar 2.- Protocol Distribution. Estadstica de trfico para cada protocolo 3.- Address Map. Mapeo de direcciones IP y MAC 4.- Network-Layer Host. Estadsticas de la capa 3 para cada host 5.- Network-Layer Matrix. Estadstica de la capa 3 (origen/destino) para cada par de hosts 6.- Application-Layer Host. Estadsticas para la capa de aplicacin para cada host 7. Application-Layer Matrix. Estadstica origen/destino para cada par de hosts 8.- User History. Muestra en un periodo de algunas variables 9. Probe Configuration. Configuracin remota de sondas 10. RMON Conformance. Requisitos de : requirements for RMON2 MIB conformance
SNMP 84 Pgina 84
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PROFINET
PI
Founded 1989
The worlds oldest fieldbus organization The worlds largest fieldbus organization
1400+ members
Other
PROFINET
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Worldwide Support
Belgium RPA, PICC Czech Rep. RPA, PICC, PITL Denmark RPA Finland RPA France RPA, PICC, PITC Germany & Austria RPA, PICC PITC, PITL Ireland RPA, PICC, PITC Italy RPA, PICC Netherlands RPA, PICC, PITC, PITL Norway RPA, PICC, PITC Poland RPA, PICC Russia RPA Slovakia RPA Spain RPA, PICC Sweden RPA, PICC
China RPA, PICC, PITL India RPA, PICC Japan RPA, PICC, PITL
Brazil RPA, PICC Chile PICC USA RPA, PICC, PITC, PITL Southern Africa RPA, PICC, PITC Australia/ New Zealand RPA, PICC, PITC
PI Technical Support: 40 PI Competence Centers (PICC) 18 PI Training Centers (PITC) 10 PI Test Laboratories (PITL)
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Fieldbus Organizations
Technology PROFINET PROFIBUS DeviceNet EtherNet/IP Foundation Fieldbus Modbus Modbus TCP
Consortium
ODVA
Modbus IDA
Primary Backers
Rockwell
Schneider
Founded Membership Regional Organizations Competence Centers Test Labs Training Centers
1995 290 4 0 3 0
1994 350 4 0 1 8
2002 65 0 0 1 0
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source: organization websites
Certified
Certified
Whats a fieldbus? A Fieldbus is a digital, serial, two-way, multidrop communication link among controllers and its remote I/Os, sensors, actuators and inter-networking components. In comparison to standard Local Area Networks (LAN), fieldbuses are specialized for the rugged industrial environment, determinism, bus powering, etc.
Chile PICC
Whats a fieldbus?
16.3mA
PROFIBUS DP
PROFIBUS PA
1st Value = 257 2nd Value = 23.02 1st Units = oF 2nd Units = mBar Status = ok Diagnosis = OK
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Hardware
Less Hardware: I/O, terminal blocks, enclosures, barriers, wire
Installation
Easier, quicker, and less time-consuming
Commissioning
Faster
Maintenance/Operations
Improved availability & reduced down time Improved asset management
Manufacturing Flexibility
Changes are implemented rapidly
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PROFIBUS DP
Open, international standard (IEC 61158) Serial Fieldbus RS-485 transporting 244 bytes at up to 12Mbit/s Uses layers 1, 2, and 7 of the ISO Model
ISO/OSI
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer
DP = Decentralized Periphery
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PROFIBUS PA
Open, international standard (IEC 61158) Serial fieldbus Same protocol as DP, different physical layer: MBP at 31.25kbit/s Suitable for hazardous environments
SD LE LEr SDr DA SA FC DU.. FCS ED
SOF
SD
LE
LEr
SDr
DA
SA
FC
DU..
CRC
EOF
PROFIBUS Concepts
10
Eng Station
PLC/ DCS
PROFIBUS
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Application Profiles
11
Agreement within a device family on how to use the PROFIBUS / PROFINET data by adding data structures, cyclic / acyclic services, behavior, parameterization, diagnosis, Engineering integration, etc.
Host/Master
Field Device/Slave
Profile
7 2 1 7 2
IEC 61158
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Application Profiles
"Best Practice Patterns" Profile Guidelines
IEC 62390 Data types Diagnosis Models
12
"Common Profiles"
Application Profiles
l Cooperation with other organizations
Remote Remote Water/ Water/ intellig. PA I/O Laboratory I/O PA intellig. SEMI Laboratory waste waste SEMI Devices Pumps for Devices Devices water Pumps for Devices water PA PA
Robot Robot Encoder PROFI PROFI Fluid Fluid Encoder /NC drive Power /NC drive Power
? ?
SEMI
Low Low Ident Ident Weighing Weighing Voltage (BarVoltage (Bar& & code, Switchcode, SwitchDosage Dosage RFID) RFID) gear gear
?
IO-Link IO-Link
Trains Trains
......
PROFINET IO
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PROFIsafe
Safety over the bus is now permitted by US and Canadian codes PROFIsafe application profile is independent of the network Builds on standard network
Safety and standard data on the same cable Safety and standard modules can be mixed in one station Safety programs can be programmed with standard tools
UL UL safety safety listed listed under under category category NRGF NRGF Up to safety category 4 compliant with EN 954-1 SIL3 compliant with IEC/EN 61508
13
PROFIsafe covers discrete, motion, and process applications Save on cable costs, installation time, commissioning, and maintenance
Safety has evolved from being a cost burden to a strategy for Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET improving productivity and reducing downtime. PICC .com
PROFINET
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller
14
OPC
REAL-TIME IO
Wireless I/O
XX55
SECURITY
HMI
I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley
CE
DeviceNet
SAFETY
PROFIBUS DP
WSAN Gateway
AS-interface
PROFIBUS PA
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OPC
REAL-TIME IO
Wireless I/O
XX55
SECURITY
HMI
I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley
CE
DeviceNet
SAFETY
PROFIBUS DP
WSAN Gateway
AS-interface
PROFIBUS PA
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PROFINET is
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Remote IO
Real-time Communi-cation
Motion Control
Train Application
Test + Certification
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PROFINET
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Ethernet Model
HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol TCP = Transmission Control Protocol Chile UDP = User Datagram Protocol www.AllThingsPROFINET IP= Internet Protocol PICC
.com
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HTTP
POP3
SMTP
PROFINET RT
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PROFINET PI same
Engineering, GSDs Ethernet 100Mbit/s 1440 bytes unlimited provider/consumer many buses IEEE 802.11, 15.1 150 axes Yes Yes hundreds
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Ethernet is not the entire network solution The specification does not specify any physical or environmental operating requirements.
IEEE = originally an acronym for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. now just I-triple-E
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Services
Applications Formatting and coding of information Synchronization and control of communications Links between devices, segmenting, troubleshooting
Packet assembly in datagrams and selection of route through the network
Access to bus medium, send and receive of telegrams Generation of electrical signals
PICC
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Internet
SNMP Socket PROFINET
TCP / UDP IP
4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol TCP = Transmission Control Protocol UDP = User Datagram Protocol IP= Internet Protocol
Ethernet
Multiple application protocols can run at the same time on www.AllThingsPROFINET the physical medium (Ethernet)
.com
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Communications
Server Server TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite Client Client TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite
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Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet
App Header
HTTP
SNMP
Socket PROFINET
TCP / UDP IP
IP Header
TCP segment TCP Header Application Data Datagram Ethernet Header IP Header TCP Header Application Data Ethernet trailer
Ethernet
Ethernet Frame
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Ethernet-Standard Preamble = 7 bytes of fixed value Sync = SFD = Start of Frame Delimiter VLAN = Virtual Local Area Network FCS = Frame Check Sequence (Checksum) ARP = Address Resolution Protocol
Application-specific
HTTP
SNMP
Socket
ARP
TCP / UDP
IEEE EtherType 0x0800
IP
Ethernet
Inter Fr am e Gap 12 Byte Pr eam bel 7 Byte Sync 1 Byte MAC 6 Byte MAC 6 Byte
VLAN 2 Byte
Fr am e ID 2 Byte
DataStatu s 1 Byte
FCS 4 Byte
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Addressing
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ISO/OSI
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)
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Network components
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Device A
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet) Router Router Switch Switch Repeater, Repeater,Hub Hub Gateway Gateway
Device B
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)
IP Address
MAC Address
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Network Components
Routers - IP address
OSI Layer 3 (use IP Address) Can be used for LAN to WAN traffic or subnet to subnet User defined Addresses and Network ID / Subnet IDs using IP Forward in upper S or ms (milliseconds) between networks Routers are the path between local networks
27
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)
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Office Area
Moderate Temperatures Low Dust burden No moisture Virtually no vibrations Low EMC burden Low mechanical danger Low UV radiation Virtually no chemical danger
Extreme temperatures High dust burden Moisture possible Vibrating Machines High EMC burden Danger of mechanical damage UV burden in outer area Chemical burden from oily or aggressive atmospheres
www.AllThingsPROFINET PICC .com
Chile
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Speed
Sub-millisecond to over 100 milliseconds
Standard Communication
Factory Automation
100ms+
10ms+
1-10ms
<1ms
<1ms
<1s
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Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) vs. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Data transfer rate: 100 Mbit/s Bus load 81% Packet length: 346 bytes Duration: 30 s
Result
An UTP cable is totally unsuitable for noisy environment Even noise voltages of 1 kV can lead to a breakdown in communication
692
200 10 2 kV
180
Shielded TP
UTP Cord
Shielding has nothing to do with the protocol! Its all about your environment
www.AllThingsPROFINET PICC .com
Chile
Shielding
TCP/IP has methods in place to resend telegrams when lost
But the timing is not acceptable for industrial use!
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4 steps to determinism
Switch Port4 Port2 Port1
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Port1 Controller
Port1
Port2 Port1
Port1
er t e
ic t is n i
or i v a h e B
Device y
Device z
High Speed IO
PROFINET PROFINET
Standard 1 1 data 2 2 Real-time 3 3 Isochr. Real-time RT RT/ IRT
Configuration TCP/IP
IP IP
Ethernet Ethernet
TCP/IP
TCP/UDP TCP/UDP
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Why not use TCP/IP for real-time? Because its not fast enough and its not deterministic enough. Heres why:
T1 T2 T3
UNWELCOME DELAYS
34
T5 T4
Data
Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet
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Network
All times in s Source: University of Michigan, Industrial Ethernet Book, Performance Metrics for Industrial Ethernet
Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP
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Cycle Data- Trans FCS Counter Status Status 2 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 4 Byte
RT Data
Ethertype (type of protocol): Ethertype (PN): 0x8892 Ethertype (IP): 0x0800 EtherType (ARP): 0x0806 EtherType (IPV6): 0x86DD
HTTP SNMP Socket PROFINET
TCP / UDP
IEEE EtherType 0x0800
Real-time
Inter Fr am e Gap 12 Byte Pr eam bel 7 Byte Sync 1 Byte MAC 6 Byte MAC 6 Byte
IP
Ethernet
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Application Layer
Transport Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Internet Layer
PROFINET is the enabling factor to achieve Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET speed and determinism PICC
.com
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Application Layer
Transport Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Internet Layer
8 ms
PROFINET is the enabling factor to achieve Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET speed and determinism PICC
.com
IRT-Data
RT - Data
TCP/IP-Data
40
Every IRT device knows, when data arrives and Switch schedule where to send it
Rec. port 1 1 1 2 3*) 4*) Arrive Frame Departure t1 t2 t3 Frame 1
1 2 3 -
Dest. port 4 4 2 -
FrameFrame 3 2 1
Controller Port1
Port2 Port1
Port1
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Summary
41
PROFINET achieves industry requirements for speed and determinism using standard Ethernet by
Using TCP/IP where appropriate Skipping it when necessary Reserving bandwidth for higher performance Scheduling traffic to ensure motion control needs
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Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller
42
OPC
REAL-TIME IO
Wireless I/O
XX55
Switch Drives
OPC
SECURITY
HMI
I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley
CE
DeviceNet
SAFETY
WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA
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PLC
PROFINET
I/O
Filling Machine
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PROFINET GSD
Install GSD files in Engineering Tool Install Devices on the Machine Configure system in Engineering Tool
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PROFINET GSD
Description of device properties in the GSD (General Station Description):
45
Pluggable modules (Number, Type) Configuration data of the module (e.g. analog input) Module parameters (e.g. 4..20mA) PROFINET GSD Diagnosis information (e.g. wire break)
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Device configuration and download of the system configuration into the Controller Automatic data exchange between 3 3 Controller and Distributed I/O Field Devices
2 1
Controller
GSD
import
3 GSD GSD GSD PROFINET
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IO Controller
Device Device Labeler Filler All PROFINET devices have a Device Name and an IP Address
DCP = Discovery and Configuration Protocol
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Controller broadcasts Name of device to the network Device responds back with MAC address Controller assigns IP-Address to device using PROFINET DCP protocol IO Controller
Who is Device Filler? IO Device Its me! I am Device Filler! My MAC Address is: 91-09-83-5B-03-09
IO Devices
IO Controller OK! Found you Device Filler! Here is your configured IP Address Chile 192.168.0.10
PICC
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IO Controller
DCP offers
Naming schema like DHCP Simple device replacement without tools like Engineering station Static IP Addresses based on Engineering DHCP = Dynamic Host configuration Configuration Protocol
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IO Devices
50
PROFINET PROFINET
1 1 Standard data Real-time data Real-time
IO Controller
1 1
Startup
IO Device
RT RT
2 2 IO Data
1 1 2 2
Communication is established over TCP/UDP IP Process data is transmitted via the Real Time Channel
For example, 13 64 nodes in 1ms, 20 Bytes In, 20 Bytes Out
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Configure (optional) device properties and settings like update time and module parameters
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2. Select Device
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Assign Controller IP Address with Engineering Software Download Configuration and program to PROFINET IO Controller
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Robot Application
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Tool Model A
Robot Controller Tool Docking system
Tool Model B
Robot
Tool Model C
PROFINET IO CP 1616 I/O Flexible Robot Cell must connect to End of Arm Tooling based upon Work in Process
After power on, startup times of 500ms or less can be achieved using PROFINET Fast Startup
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PROFINET
Shared IO Device
Shared device results in reduced costs, simplified architectures, Chile can save on cabinet space, allowing optimized solutions PICC
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Application
TCP/UDP IP Ethernet
Ethernet based systems can provide diagnostics on the Transport oriented layers (lower level) as well as Application based diagnostics (higher level). Picking the right protocol is important if you want a complete set of diagnostic capabilities. Chile PICC
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Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2 Slot 3
Channel 2
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
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Diagnostic Information
62
63
Choose in the Engineering System what diagnostics to report for the modules
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Access to Diagnostics
Diagnostics in the PLC
1 IO Device sends diagnostic to the IO Controller Reaction to the failure directly in the PLC 2 1
IO Supervisor / HMI
64
IO Controller
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Also, other PROFINET network components can provide diagnostic information IO Controller For example:
IO Controllers Switches Proxies
PC
Switch
IO Device
HMI
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2 IO Device 3
Diagnostic Error
Device Unreachable!
IO Device 1
l l
IO Device 2
l l l l
IO Device 1
IO Device 2
Network is operating normally The switch passes the PROFINET Diagnostic from the IO Device to the IO Controller The switch could be optionally configured as a PROFINET IO device
Network Failure! Switch is configured as a PROFINET IO Device (GSD) Switch reports Network failure as PROFINET Diagnostic to the IO Controller (1) Additional SNMP channel for Standard Information (2) more later
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System Communication Model Real-time Protocol Layer Application Protocol Transmission Type Safety Wireless Fast Start Up Shared Device Simple Device Replacement Energy Management
PROFINET ProviderConsumer IEEE 802.3 (Layer 2) IEC 61158 Unicast Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
www.us.profinet.com
EtherNet/IP Modbus TCP ProviderConsumer UDP/IP (Layer 4) IEC 61158 Multicast Yes Yes (with caution) Yes No No No ClientServer TCP/IP (Layer 4) IEC 61158 Unicast No Yes No No No No
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Connecting IO
68
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Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller
69
OPC
REAL-TIME IO
Wireless I/O
XX55
Switch Drives
OPC
SECURITY
HMI
I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley
CE
DeviceNet
SAFETY
WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA
Chile PICC
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PROFINET
Device Net
DeviceNet
72
Proxies are like gateways in that they connect disparate networks, BUT unlike gateways they are defined in the PROFINET spec, so data mapping is always the same.
Controller
XX55 CE
Allen-Bradley
IO-Link
PROFIBUS PA
FF
DeviceNet
PROFIBUS DP
AS-i
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PROFINET Communication
Proxy
PROFIBUS Communication
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Demo: PROFINET Proxies How to integrate a legacy fieldbus device by using a Proxy?
By using a HMS Anybus Proxy
Configuration of Proxy in Engineering Tool Adding IO Modules for Proxy Verify and assign the PROFINET Device names Download configuration Browse the network to check that controller assigned the configured IP address to the device
74
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Proxy PROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA AS-interface IO-Link DeviceNet Foundation Fieldbus CANopen Modbus HART
PROFINET Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Modbus TCP* N N N N N N N Y N
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Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller
76
OPC
REAL-TIME IO
Wireless I/O
XX55
Switch Drives
OPC
SECURITY
HMI
I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley
CE
DeviceNet
SAFETY
WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA
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DCS Requirements
79
PI created a working group: DCS Requirements on PROFINET In summary about 170 requirements were developed: Main Topics
Redundancy Time stamping and synchronization for Sequence of Events Configuration in Run Fieldbus integration
Others
Field device integration (FDI) Cyclic and acyclic data exchange Diagnostics and asset management Profiles Electromechanics Security
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DCS requirements
Chairmen
Bjrn Mller Bernd Wansner SIEMENS ABB Automation GmbH
80
Active Members
Volker Gssler Dr. Jrg Hhniche Trygve Harvei Frank Iwanitz Jens Schmidt Ito Hiroki Michael Jankowiak Stahl E&H ABB Corporate Research Softing P&F YOKOGAWA Emerson Process
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DCS WG results
81
Requirements implemented by
Updating specification Adding Process Profile
Status
Specification and Profile: COMPLETED Products: Check your vendor
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Proxy
HART FF H1
Scalable Redundancy
Redundant Controller Primary Backup
Controller 1
Controller 2
Backup Clock Master
Controller 3
Redundant Network
Device
Device
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Fieldbus Integration
Fieldbus integration
DCS
PROFIBUS DP
83
PROFIBUS PA
PROFINET
HART FF H1
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Configuration in Run
Bumpless change of configuration in terms of adding, removing, and exchanging devices, modules, and submodules Changing parameters of devices, modules and submodules in run
84
Remote I/O
Proxy
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Scalable Redundancy
Scalable Redundancy
Redundant Controller
85
Levels of redundancy
Network Controller Device
Primary
Backup
Redundant Network
Requirements
Independent The different redundancy levels can be used independently. Recovery time
Speed of failover detection and actual failover to be fast enough in order to maintain the process in operation. The recovery is bumpless which means, that the measurement values can be frozen. 500ms is max. failover time.
Diagnosis
For all redundant elements it is possible to detect any single failure of any redundant element.
Transparency
Applications like control schemes do not need to know or care about any level of redundancy.
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Network Redundancy
Redundancy on Network, Controller, and Device Level
Recovery time up to 300ms using PROFINET MRP Ring Topology
86
OR
Recovery time in seconds using RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) for mesh networks
Controller Redundancy
87
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Device Redundancy
88
NAP = Network Access Point Red. NAP = Redundant Network Access Point IOC = IO Controller
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PROFINET in Process
Engineering Station / OS
91
DCS/ AS PROFINET
Drives Positioners PN/PA link Motor starter
FF
PROFIBUS PA 31.25kbit/s
Positioners Level Temperature Flow Pressure
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Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller
92
OPC
REAL-TIME IO
Wireless I/O
XX55
Switch Drives
OPC
SECURITY
HMI
I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley
CE
DeviceNet
SAFETY
WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA
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Hard wiring
hard wire machines together complexity increases with system very small amounts of data, bits and bytes
CPU1
Hard wiring
CPU2
PROFINET CBA
CPU2
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Hard Wiring
95
OR
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TCP/IP Proprietary
96
If complex data, TCP/IP can be used but also can get complex
Programmed Communication Define data areas for sending and receiving Configure the communications - ID Program communication in PLC program Initialize communications
Keep in mind TCP limiting factors: Client / Server model (half duplex) Programming / Handshaking Higher jitter and delays
Setup handshake between PLCs Implement diagnostics and connection status Download software in the PLCs
OR
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www.us.profinet.com
TCP/IP
PROFINET CBA
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PROFINET CBA
Labeling
PROFINET CBA: Producer / Consumer Model Configured Communications Can support small or large amounts of data Supports RT, TCP
CBA & IO
CBA and IO
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Packaging
Start Stop Up Down State_1 State_2 Ready Running
PROFINET CBA
Start Stop Up
Labeling
State_1 State_2 Ready Running
Down
PROFINET
PROFIBUS
PROFINET IO
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PROFINET CBA
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For interconnecting machines from different vendors: Different automation suppliers and programming tools For peer to peer data exchange Ex for sending Interlocks Inputs and Outputs can be bits, bytes, words, strings, structures, arrays,
Filling
Packaging
Labeling
Start Overflow
Start Empty
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PROFINET CBA
PROFINET Components
100
Hardware Labeling
PLC Program
Enable Start Stop On Stopped Running Overflow Diagnosis
Component
Labeling
Enable Start Stop On Stopped Running Overflow Diagnosis
PCD
Inputs
Outputs
PROFINET CBA
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Labeling
Enable Start Stop On Stopped Running Overflow Diagnosis
PLC
PROFINET
PROFINET Data
PROFINET Data
PROFINET
DP Master
DP-Slave Data
DP-Slave Data
Proxy
PROFIBUS
Handling Robot
Enable Start Stop On Stopped Running Ready Diagnosis
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PROFINET CBA
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Packaging
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics
Labeling
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics
1 Filling
Enable Start Stop
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PROFINET CBA
2
Enable Start Stop
Packaging
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics
Labeling
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics
Filling
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics
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PROFINET CBA
System-wide Communication
104
Filling
Packaging
Labeling
PROFINET IO I-Device
105
An IO controller can also be operated as an IO device With IO controller functionality on the same interface
PROFINET
IO device 1 Controller-Controller communication with simple IO access, without TCP/IP telegrams or proprietary methods Allow local controllers in a modular architecture to communicate to a higher level station (main controller)
CPU2
I-Device
IO controller 2
IO device 2
Simple and familiar IO interfacing of CPUs Interfacing of CPUs in different projects Integration among different controllers (manufacturers) Transmission of cyclic data (RT, IRT) Chile PICC
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CPU317-2 PN/DP
Reusability of components and graphical configurations of PEER to Chile PEER communications reduced the engineering time by 15% PICC
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Technology Architecture IEEE 802.3 compliant Deterministic Synchronized Peer-to-Peer TCP/IP traffic Throughput IEEE 1588 Automatic Timing Calculation
PROFINET Open System (simultaneous TCP) Yes Yes, Transparent clock < 1s jitter calculated jitter Yes Yes 150 Axes/1ms 35 Axes/250 s IEEE 1588v2 Built into PROFINET chips Yes
EtherNet/IP Open System (simultaneous TCP) Yes No, Boundary clocks Accumulating jitter Yes Yes, with caution 30 Axes/1ms IEEE 1588 Special switches needed No
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Motion Control
Motion Control Precise synchronization of IO
111
Motion Control
Packaging Machine
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Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller
112
OPC
REAL-TIME IO
Wireless I/O
XX55
Switch Drives
OPC
SECURITY
HMI
I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley
CE
DeviceNet
SAFETY
WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA
Chile PICC
The Network
Just what kind of infrastructure do we need anyway? How can we maintain the network and ensure high reliability? Do we need to worry about network security?
113
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The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security
114
The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security
115
116
Not needed
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Switch Types
117
Unmanaged switches These switches have no configuration interface or options. Managed switches These are ones which allow access to one or more interfaces for the purpose of configuration and diagnostics.
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IEEE 802.1p enables traffic priority (QoS) on layer 2 switches using Ethernet VLAN Tag
D Receiver
Switch
A Sender
C Sender
Without QoS
the switch will forward data in the order it receives it first in, first out (Standard Store and Forward with frame check)
With QoS
the switch will forward based on a priority field in the Ethernet frame (highest priority frame is then sent first)
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Source (PLC)
switch
Target (I/O)
Multicast
Source (PLC)
switch
Target (I/O)
Unicast
PROFINET
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If you use multicast based protocols like EtherNet/IP, SPECIAL SWITCHES MOI? IGMP Snooping is a must Only managed switches offer this feature No low cost devices! Extra configuration steps? Risk of Network flood
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Topology
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Topology
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Suggested Topologies
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Engineering Station
Peer-to-Peer
HMI
Line architecture
Tree architecture
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PC (unknown traffic)
! !
Jitter / Delays > 10 switches > 1ms update time
!
HMI Panel (unknown traffic!)
!
Vision system (unknown traffic!) video stream
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Topology Tips
Keep cyclic I/O traffic local
Real-time I/O should be in the same subnet as the controller
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PROFINET networks: Ring Topology PROFINET supports the ring topology for high availability (redundancy)
For example, if a cable or device fails, then the system will automatically segment itself to a line topology keeping the rest of the system active
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Industrial Requirements
Media Redundancy Protocol IRT Media Redundancy
Recovery Time
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Media redundancy through loop formation Detection and breakup of loops Reconfiguration time Note:
Spanning Tree: protocol- & timer-based minutes Rapid Spanning Tree: event-controlled seconds STP and RSTP assume structured cabling, in which there are never more than 8 switches between terminals. RSTP is downward-compatible to STP; an STP network component in the network forces STP throughout the entire network.
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failure
Chile With MRP recovery time drops to <300ms for 50 switches www.AllThingsPROFINET
.com
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Receiver
Sender
Chile Data is still there in case of a failure! Zero recovery time! www.AllThingsPROFINET
.com
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System
PROFINET
Modbus TCP
Topologies supported
Tree, Star
Bumpless Redundancy
Yes
No
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Layer 7
Application
TCP/UDP IP Ethernet
Ethernet based systems can provide diagnostics on the Transport oriented layers (lower level) as well as Application based diagnostics (higher level). Picking the right protocol is important if you want a complete set of diagnostic capabilities. Chile PICC
Benefit Web access to devices for configuration / diagnostics Standard tools for reading statistics and diagnostics Mapping the network topology and simple device replacement
Protocol
Description Hyper Text Transfer Protocol for Web services and browsing Simple Network Management Protocol for network diagnostics Link Layer Discovery Protocol, IEEE 802.1AB
HTTP
SNMP
LLDP
.com
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A device with an integrated web server provides easy access to diagnostics from a web browser even over the Internet A standard Internet browser can read out information and configure a device locally or at a remote site Diagnostics and information about the current status of the device can be viewed
IO Controllers (PLC), Proxies, Switches, Devices can have Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET web diagnostics implemented PICC
.com
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PROFINET uses standard MIBs (Management Information Base MIB-II, LLDP Discovery MIB) This MIB-II contains information about device name, IP address, location, status and statistics (examples include CRC errors, port status, bandwidth utilization,
Management Station
MIB
MIB
Name IP Address Location Status Statistics
SNMP Software
IO-Device
IO-Device
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The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a vendor-independent protocol and independent of the network structure. Via LLDP, connected devices specify their identity and properties to their neighbors cyclically every few seconds.
ports, names, transmission rates, etc.
The information is stored in a local table (LLDP Discovery MIB) Benefits of using LLDP include
topology Information can later be read out with SNMP from the LLDP Discovery MIB ...simple device replacement can be achieved
Example LLDP Table:
Discovery MIB - Switch Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 - Empty I/O 2 Port 2 IO Device I/O 3 Port 1 IO Device PLC Port 1 IO Controller I/O 1 Port 2 IO Device
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PLC
Switch
Reading Diagnostics
Status
OK Maintenance request Maintenance requirement STOP or fault or communication error
Color
Light green Yellow Orange Red Gray
I/O 1
I/O 2
I/O 3
I/O 4
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P1
P5
LLDP
P2 P3
P4
1. Device I/O 3 fails 2. Device is replaced with new MAC address and empty name 3. Devices exchange LLDP 4. The neighbor sends a LLDP alias name to new device 5. Controller finds new device using DCP and LLDP alias name 6. Device addressed with DCP Set name from controller 7. IO Controller starts device and system is back online
I/O 1
I/O 2
I/O 4
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How to replace a PROFINET device which has failed without a engineering tool?
Devices without memory card
Using the PROFINET simple device replacement feature
Our Phoenix Contact Device failed and does not have a memory card. We need to replace it with a new device with empty device settings.
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Ethernet Sniffer
Monitor, decode and analyze Ethernet traffic using an Ethernet sniffer Wireshark is available for free on the Internet at www.wireshark.org Many Ethernet protocols supported
PROFINET IO since version 0.10.8 PROFINET CBA since version 0.10.9
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Monitor
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Real-Time I/O
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Installation hints
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Security Zones
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Security zone
Communication based on trust within zone Trusted networks should be able to talk with each other Perimeter defense
Trusted Network
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TCP/IP
Controller-to-Controller (Peer-to-Peer)
Open Network
Motion
Real-time
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Y Y Y Y Y Y
many*
Y Y N Y Y N
DeviceNet ControlNet
Y N N Y N N
Modbus
source: organization websites
*Available= PROFIBUS DP, PROFIBUS PA, Interbus, DeviceNet, Serial, Modbus, AS-i, HART, IO-Link, FF Chile Planned= CC-Link, more www.us.profinet.com
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PROFINET
ProviderConsumer IEEE 802.3 (Layer 2) primary, UDP/IP option, TCP/IP option ++ (low) IEC 61158 Unicast primary, Multicast optional Yes 100Mbit /s, full duplex for IO traffic Automatic w/ PN DCP DHCP optional
EtherNet/IP
ProviderConsumer
Modbus TCP
ClientServer
Real-time Protocol Options Jitter with IO Protocol Standard Transmission Type COTS switch possible?
UDP/IP (Layer 4)
TCP/IP (Layer 4)
- (high) IEC 61158 Multicast primary, Limited Unicast Not recommended Full Duplex IGMP Snooping, One IGMP Query, Wire speed For IO traffic DHCP and Managed
Switch requirements
No special requirements
IP Address Assignment
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PROFINET
Mandatory
EtherNet/IP
Optional No, DHCP Option 82 Managed, Need special switch/server with DHCP Option 82 support
Modbus TCP
Optional
No
Network Management
(DCP, DHCP option, SNMP, LLDP, topology, options, naming concept, comprehensive diagnostics) Yes, Application and Network Yes Yes, returns all PROFINET Devices and information
(DHCP, bootP, DHCP option 82, SNMP loop holes, vendor specific, limited network diagnostics, special switches very likely)
(limited to IT tools, SNMP loop holes, vendor specific, no built in network functions) No No Limited to IT or vendor tools no common tool
Comprehensive Diagnostics Diagnostics IO Status Diagnostics Network Browser (can find IP or naming issues)
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PROFINET
Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes, IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth ++ Yes Many,
including non PI networks (PROFIBUS, Interbus, ASI, DeviceNet, Foundation Fieldbus, Modbus, Hart, etc.)
EtherNet/IP
No Yes No Yes Yes Yes, IEEE 802.11 (with caution when using multicast) No
Modbus TCP
No Yes No No No Yes -No
Fieldbus Integration
Modbus
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PROFINET
Yes SP, RSP, PN MRP, bumpless IRT, vendor specific Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes with CBA, IDevice, PN/PN Couplers, TCP/UDP option for programmed communication
EtherNet/IP
Yes SP, RSP, DLR, vendor specific No Not on EtherNet/IP,
Only with additional ODVA networks and hardware
Modbus TCP
Yes SP, RSP, vendor specific No No No No No
Bumpless Redundancy Controller Redundancy Device Redundancy Vertical Integration Devices can report maintenance information
No No No
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PROFINET
EtherNet/IP
Modbus TCP
Yes
No
No
No
No
No No No
No No No
Yes
No
No
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Dont fence me in
159
Dont settle for an 80% solution Eventually you will need more
Motion Control Process Instrument Safety over the bus Connectivity to a production system
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