SIEMENS Seminario Profibus Marzo 2012

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Seminario Profibus

Santiago de Chile, 28-29 de Marzo del 2012

Redes RS 485

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Segmentos PROFIBUS
Conectado via repetidores Nuevo segmento cuando mxima distancia o nmero de dispositivos por segmento se alcanza

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Distancias de un segmento RS 485 en funcin de la velocidad

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Tensiones de Bus
Condicin del bus Reposo Voltaje Cable A +2 V Voltaje Cable B +3V

Transmisin Valor mnimo Transmisin Valor Mximo

+1 V

+1 V

+4 V

+4 V

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Forma de onda ideal RS-485

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Voltaje Offset
Lmites de Offset +12 V >Voffset>-7 V

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Formas de onda tpicas


Cable muy largo

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Formas de onda tpicas


Conectores no enchufados a las estaciones

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Segmentos PROFIBUS El Repetidor


Segmento 1

Segmento 1
Isolation

Segmento 2
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Repetidor Siemens

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Repetidor Siemens

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Repetidor Siemens (Continuacin)

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Repetidor Siemens (Continuacin)

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Repetidor Siemens (Continuacin)

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Repetidor Siemens (Continuacin)

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Repetidor Siemens (Continuacin)

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PROFIBUS Longitud de Segmentos & Red


12.000 10.000 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 9,6 19,2 93,75 187,5 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000

9 9 a t a t a s s a a il H ila H n ff e en
1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

Red [m] Segmento [m] 4.000 2.000 400 500 1.000 200 1.500 100 3.000 1.000 100 6.000 1.000 100 12.000

[kbaud]

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q Segmentos PROFIBUS - Nodos/Dispositivos


Hasta 126 nodos direccionables por Red Hasta 32 dispositivos por segmento

qQu se cuenta como dispositivo?


n n i c i c c e rrec ii d d e rre e !! i e u i S q u U S e q FII rr B U e B o o RO F !!N N O Optical Link P R Repetidores P
Modules (OLMs)

Nodos PROFIBUS (e.j. I/O)

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Consideraciones en la instalacin RS 485 (generales)


Drop Lines Distancia entre Cables

Pantallas & Tierras

Terminacin

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q Instalacin - Pantallas & Tierras


Mejora el comportamiento EMC Provee un camino de baja impedancia para el ruido y corriente Reduce las emisiones desde el bus

!!! !!! Pantalla no siempre Pantalla no siempreconectada conectadaGND GND en los dispositivos; Luego asegurarse en los dispositivos; Luego asegurarse que quela lapantalla pantallase seconecta conectaa aGND GND antes de entrar o salir del gabinete antes de entrar o salir del gabinete !!! !!!

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Terminacin Profibus RS 485


Conjunto de resistencias para minimizar reflexiones Se deben habilitar en los extremos del bus Importante: +5V y Data Ground provistos por la estacin pasiva
+5V 390 Lnea B (Rojo) 220 Lnea A (Verde) 390 Data Ground

Las terminaciones slo funcionan cuando se encuentran energizadas!


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Terminacin
Terminacin para cada segmento en AMBOS extremos La terminacin funciona SLO cuando est energizada Problemas: falta terminacin, mltiples terminaciones
e xx titv veBoo i c A nn B Ac a o i i a t V aatio Vi inn i rm m e r TTe ss ee h itic tch w S w S P I IP D D a i V V ia
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ia a t orr V Vie ccto n e on C Co

Terminacin: Ejemplo

Repetidor

OLM

OLM

OLM
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Terminacin de Bus
Incorporada en un conector Incorporada en los dispositivos Profibus Como Terminador Activo

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Terminacin en Conector
DB9 Hembra DB9 Macho

Opcional

Cable entrante
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Cable Saliente
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Terminador de Bus Activo

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Armado de Conectores
Existen varios tipos de Conectores Profibus para cables de cobre Para interior de tableros, generalmente se usa conector 9 pines Sub-D Fuera de tableros (Mquinas) se puede utilizar el conector M-12 o el conector hbrido. LA ESTACIN PROFIBUS DETERMINA EL TIPO DE CONECTOR
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Diferentes conectores requieren distintas tcnicas de armado. No es posible estandarizar con un solo procedimiento Los ms comnmente usados para PROFIBUS RS 485 son: 9 pines Sub-D 5 pines M-12 Conector Hbrido tambin disponible (Power+Data)
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RESPETE SIEMPRE LAS INSTRUCCIONES DEL FABRICANTE DEL CONECTOR Asegrese que los conectores utilizados soportan las condiciones ambientales a las que estarn sujetos.

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Conexin 9 pines Sub-D


Para uso interior de tableros Debe conectarse al cable PROFIBUS Los cables profibus se conectan normalmente en Daisy Chain. Permite la conexin de estaciones sin usar T (malo por spurs) Conectores generalmente tienen 2 entradas de cables cada una con sus terminales de conexin
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Los terminales para los cables de datos tienen rtulos que indican A y B o una referencia de color ej. Verde y Rojo Los cables de datos no deben intercambiarse. PROFIBUS guideline Interconection Technology especifica la asignacin:
A: verde B: rojo
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Interface DB9 normalizada

Rojo=B(+)

Verde=A(-)

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qConector de Bus

Preparacin de cable para conexin de conectores (6ES7 972-0B.11 ...)

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Conector de bus (Continuacin)

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Conector de Bus (Continuacin)

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qConector de Bus posicin OFF

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qConector de Bus (Posicin ON)

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Conexin del cable


On Off Off On

Respetar 1m de cable mnimo entre estaciones

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Conectores M-12
Se utiliza cuando los equipos estn sometidos a condiciones extremas Solo se usan conectores blindados Poseen una marca mecnica (B-coding)

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Los conectores M-12 se utilizan fuera de tableros (IP65/67) En muchos casos la instalacin se puede simplificar usando cable prearmado

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Conectorizado RS485
Muy Fcil, cuando usa las herramientas adecuadas...

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4x

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G G
Profibus International Competence Center

Cable Verde A Cable Rojo B

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Confeccin de conectores c/tornillos


Abra el conector y determine su longitud Utilice la stripping tool para preparar el cable segn medida del conector Remueva aislacin y verifique que la aislacin no se ha roto

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Verifique longitudes y cortes Atornille con torque suficiente pero no excesivo Verifique la integridad del cable
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Verifique que las pantallas hacen un buen contacto No deben ser aplastadas por el alivio de traccin ni tampoco quedar fuera de la zona prevista para su disposicin

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Requisitos para bit rates >1.5Mbit/s


Se deben usar conectores de bus homologados por el fabricante para dichas velocidades Especial cuidado en tendido de bus Evitar conexiones en derivacin (stubs) Disear tendido para velocidad superior Respetar siempre 1m cable mnimo entre estaciones.
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CHECKLIST para una instalacin amigable a la mantencin


q q q q q q q Provea de conectores de medicin en cada segmento A cada segmento asgnele su propio rango de direcciones Dispositivos individuales puedes ser energizados/desenergizados PLC/DCS al inicio del cable Plano de la topologa en 1 o 2 pginas Direcciones claramente marcadas en los equipos Todos los GSD estn instalados en Profitrace (si est disponible)

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CHECK LIST para una Instalacin Robusta


q q q q q q q Backbone con repetidores/Profihubs Terminadores activos Baudrate reducido Eliminar/reducir derivaciones Cable de red lo mas cercano posible a tierra Mltiples puntos de tierra Use FO en distancias largas

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Caractersticas del Cable Profibus


El cable de bus se especifica en EN 50170 parte 8-2 como "Cable Type A", y debe cumplir con los siguientes parmetros.

El Cable Type B, el cual tambin se describe en EN 50170, no ha sido actualizado y no se recomienda su uso.

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Cable para cada Aplicacin

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Caractersticas Cable Siemens

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Diagnsticos
Instalar de acuerdo a PROFIBUS Installation Guideline (Documento, disponible de PI)

Use cable PROFIBUS de acuerdo al standard

Use aterrizamiento y blindaje apropiado

Seleccione un maestro con una herramienta de configuracin fcil de usar


Administrador SIMATIC.lnk
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El BT 200

Rotura de Cable/cruce de cables Corto circuito Terminaciones Lista de Estaciones Longitud Reflexiones Estado interface RS 485

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Cmo usar el BT 200?


Conecte el test plug en el primer conector y el BT200 en el ltimo conector. Active la terminacin ON slo en el conector que tenga el test plug mientras prueba el cable Encienda el BT 200 y presione ta tecla Test Si todo esta ok usted ver el mensaje cabling o.k. (1R) en caso contrario aparecer un mensaje de error
Conector Terminacion ON, interrumpe el bus

Test Plug

BT200

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Cmo usar el BT 200? (continuacin)

Conector Terminacin ON, interrumpe el bus

Test Plug

BT200

Test Plug

BT200

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Medicin interface RS 485 (Experto)


Desconectar estacin del Bus Establecer conexin con cable suministrado Energizar estacin(si es maestro debe estar en Run) Iniciar test Ajuste la direccin de la estacin a ser testeada

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qResultados posibles:
RS485 OKAY (estacin ok) RS485 Defective (no se recibe seal contnuamente, repetir test) No response (sin respuesta) 5V : (Valor medido correspondiente) RTS Signal (YES o NO)

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Test de segmento (Experto)


qMuestra la disponibilidad de las estaciones (Live List) qSe puede realizar a travs de repetidores/OLM

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q Ejecucin de la prueba:
Desconecte todos los maestros del bus (PG,OP y CP). Las terminaciones del bus deben mantenerse. Conecte el BT200 al bus Ajuste el baudrate del bus en el BT200 Ajuste la direccin del esclavo deseado de verificar o 000 para todas las estaciones

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q Resultado de la prueba:
Durante la prueba de segmento completo, todas las estaciones disponibles se indican en una lista de estaciones disponibles (Live List) Para un test individual: No response (p.ej. no hay estacin en el bus a esa velocidad) Faulty Station(P.Ej. La direccin se ha asignado 2 veces)

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Medicin Distancia (Experto)


SOLO SE DETECTAN LINEAS DE LONGITUD MAYOR A 15m No se mide a travs de repetidores

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q Ejecucin de la prueba:
Quitar alimentacin de todas las estaciones del bus Conecte el Test Plug en un extremo de la lnea y el BT200 en otro extremo.(Desactive terminacin BT200) Inicie la medicin Despus de iniciada la prueba se solicitan 3 valores que deben ingresarse por teclado: Resistencia de loop (Default=110 ohm/km) Numero de conectores 12Mbit con inductancia longitudinal Valor de resistencia por conector (Default=0.32 ohm) Despus de confirmar el ltimo valor se realiza la medicin.

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q Resultado de la Prueba:
Aparece en el Display: Los siguientes errores pueden aparecer durante la medicin
No Resistor Inserted Mostrar 0m (no se determino un largo plausible) More than 1 resistor inserted

Posibles Causas de error:


Distancia menor de 15m Derivaciones en la ruta de medicin Corrija el error y repita la medicin

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Prueba de Reflexiones
Se utiliza para determinar la ubicacin de una falla (p.ej. Cortocircuito) o para confirmar la medicin de distancia (No a travs de repetidores) Las reflexiones ocurren, por ejemplo, en las siguientes situaciones:
Existen derivaciones Demasiadas terminaciones o ninguna Cambio a un tipo de cable errneo en el camino de la seal
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q Ejecutando la prueba:
Desconecte el maestro y asegrese que:
La terminacin de bus esta energizada No hay comunicacin El Test Plug del BT200 no est conectado

Conecte el BT 200 a un extremo del bus Inicie la medicin de reflexiones

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q Resultados de la Prueba
Si no hay reflexiones (falla) detectables, el siguiente mensaje aparece:

Si se detectan reflexiones aparece el siguiente mensaje:

El nmero en el display indica la distancia en metros desde el punto de medicin al punto de falla. Si la distancia de la medicin de reflexin corresponde a la medida previa de Distancia, la distancia medida se confirma
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Diagnsticos c/led de equipos


q Durante la operacin - Utilice LEDs de los dispositivos
e us d o es n a rd m o e! a r r a E a nt i p e co s d bric a o fa n g i u l d e a ng e C gn e T n d se i ran c a a c i V f i c E s o ip u q

la

p es

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qLos diagnsticos son parte de PROFIBUS DP...Hasta 244 Bytes


Header Header Header

6 Bytes Obligatori o

Relacionado Dispositivo

(Opcional)

Relacionado Identificador (Opcional)

Relacionado Canal (Opcional)

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qy cada master puede proveerlos!


o via una function en un PLC.

ej. via flow charts en un Soft PLC...

o via un mensaje en un panel HMI

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Repetidor de Diagnstico
PROFIBUS DP Bsqueda automtica de velocidad Funcionalidad de Repetidor Trabaja con componentes existentes

Segmento 1

Segmento 2

Segmento 3

Segmento 4

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Repetidor de Diagnstico: Cmo trabaja?


Se le asigna una direccin de Bus El Repetidor de diagnstico determina y almacena la topologa de red sta accin se inicia via la herramienta de configuracin (p.ej Step 7) Los errores se determinan por medio de mediciones de reflexin Se utilizan los diagnsticos standard PROFIBUS para reportar problemas al master.

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Repetidor de Diagnstico (Continuacin)


Cmo trabaja?

Segment 1

Segment 4

Segment 2

Segment 3

Deteccin de errores para segmentos 2 y 3 Coneccin 9 pines sub D para PC (CP)para propsitos de diagnstico

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Repetidor de Diagnstico (Continuacin)


Qu tipo de errores pueden ser detectados? Rotura de Cable Coci entre A, B o versus pantalla Terminacin Errores espordicos

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Repetidor de Diagnstico (Continuacin)


Qu se reporta?
Nombre del segmento perturbado Causa de la perturbacin Ubicacin ( entre estacion X e Y) Distancia Tasa de Error (porcentage)

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Repetidor de Diagnstico (Continuacin)

D Her iagno ram s ient tico O nlin a de Con e via figu raci n

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Fallas Comunes
Terminaciones Rotura de Cables Conectorizado Duplicidad de Direcciones rto e p Ex Timing de Red

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Terminaciones
Generalmente se perturba todo el segmento Generalmente se puede producir despus de una mantencin (limpieza conectores) Se puede detectar rpidamente por inspeccin visual

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Rotura de cables
Produce prdida de comunicacin en el bus (reflexiones) Rotura intermitente: Difcil de pesquisar sin instrumentos: Se requiere osciloscopio con capacidad de ser disparado con evento externo Rotura franca: se puede pesquisar cerrando terminaciones (siempre que el trazado del cable lo permita)

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Conectorizado
Prdida de comunicacin de parte del segmento Prdida comunicacin segmento completo Falta de contacto de pantallas Cables A y B mal preparados para insertarse en conector

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Duplicidad de Direcciones
Prdida de comunicacin en 2 estaciones Al desconectar 1 de las 2 estaciones con problemas se restaura dilogo con la estacin conectada Falla en el momento de asignar la direccin de bus (configuracin) Fcilmente detectable con Profitrace 2
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Redes Profibus PA

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


PROFIBUS MBP = PROFIBUS con capa fsica para Process Automation
Protocolo se basa en Standard PROFIBUS DPV0 y DP Extendido (DPV1) Un maestro standard controla Intercambio de datos de I/O para todos los dispositivos de campo: RS485, RS485is, Fibra ptica, MBP, etc. Los dispositivos MBP se inicializan del mismo modo que los RS485: Parametrizacin Configuracin Intercambio Cclico de datos Diagnsticos
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Voltajes en Redes PA (MBP)


La seal MBP se genera por modulacin de corriente. Se deben realizar 2 mediciones: Vdc y Vac I(mA)
20mA Iq=11m A 2mA

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Voltajes y formas de Onda


Voltaje Vdc mx Vdc tipico Vdc min instrum Vac mx Vac mn No Ex V 32 19 9 1000mV 800mV Ex V 13.5 12 9

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Forma de onda demasiadas terminaciones Forma de onda falta de terminacin Ajuste Osciloscopio: 200mv/div 20us/div

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Formato del caracter
Reloj Binario
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 +

1 NRZ (PROFIBUS) 0

0 0 +

Manchester 0 Bitphase L (PROFIBUS-PA)

0 +

0 Ver: 1.00

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Capa Fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


RS485
Interface

IEC 1158-2 Cable transporta datos y energa 31,25K Velocidad


Codificacin

Cable transporta solo data 9,6K; 19,2K; 45,45K; 93,75K; 187,5K; 1,5M; 3M; 6M; 12M NRZ (No Return to Zero) 11 bits por byte de datos 1 start bit, 8 data bits (LSB first) 1 parity bit (even parity), 1 stop bit 1 bit paridad por cada caracter 1 byte FCS check sum (Frame Check Sequence) Secuencia Verificacin Formato Caracteres

Manchester 8 bits por data byte 8 data bits (MSB first)

16 bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Setup fsico MBP
Capa fsica basada en MBP(-IS) segn IEC 61158 Manchester-encoded, Bus-Powered (Intrinsically Safe) Transferencia sncrona de datos con codificacin Manchester Energa Y Datos se transfieren via el mismo cable Diferentes Componentes que RS485 para the implementacin (Cable, Connectors, Termination) Reglas de Topologa y Longitud acordes a MBP(-IS) Velocidad de Transmission es 31.25Kbaud Igual que FF Ambos provienen de SP50
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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Estructura del mensaje
SD LE LEr SD DA SA FC DU.. FCS ED

SOF

SD

LE

LEr

SD

DA

SA

FC

DU..

CRC

EOF

P: SD: LE: LEr: DA: SA: FC: DU: FCS: CRC: ED: EOF:

16 Bit Preample Start Delimiter Net Data Length (DU) + DA, SA , FC, DSAP, SSAP Length repeated Destination Address (Where the message goes to) Source Address (Where the message comes from) Function Code ( FC=Type & Priority of Message) Data Unit (Up to 246 Bytes including 2 Bytes for SAPs) Frame Checking Sequence 16 Bit Cyclic Redundancy Check End Delimiter End Of Frame

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Topologa Profibus PA
Spur Line

PROFIBUS

Star (Main) Line


24 V

PROFIBUS PA

T Branch

Termination

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Setup de Red Reglas (continua)

+ -

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Setup de Red Reglas (continua..)

24 V

PA Coupler

Hasta 31 dispositivos PA conectados a un coupler

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Capa Fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Setup de Red - Reglas

Hasta 5 couplers por cada link

= PA Link

= PA Coupler

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Capa Fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Setup de Red Reglas (continua)

PA Link 24 V

PA Coupler

Hasta 64 dispositivos PA pueden ser conectados a 1 link - INDEPENDIENTE del nmero de couplers
V0 PA= 13..14V Ex V0 PA= 31Vdc+-1V non Ex
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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


qSetup de Red Reglas (continua)

PA Link 24 V

PA Coupler

Mxima corriente por coupler: 1000mA for

x
II C ignition protection

110mA for EEx [ib] II C ignition protection 90mA for EEx [ia]

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


PROFIBUS RS485 - MBP Interfaces
Solucin Transparente (Baja Velocidad) Solucin No Transparente (Alta Velocidad)

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


PROFIBUS RS485 - MBP Interface
Solucin transparente
Un solo espacio de Direcciones 1-125

PROFIBUS RS485 at 45.45, 93.75kbaud

RS485-MBP Coupler

24 V

24 V

GSD

GSD

GSD

GSD

PROFIBUS MBP @ 31.25Kbaud


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1 0

15
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PROFIBUS MBP @ 31.25Kbaud


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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


PROFIBUS RS485 - MBP Interface
Solucin No-Transparente
PLC/ DCS

RS485
12Mbaud

Link + Couplers(1-5) Siemens DP/PA Link & Couplers


Slave address
GSD

MBP-IS
31.25 Kbaud

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Solucin No transparente Direccionamiento
1
RS485/MBP Link es un esclavo con Direccin

RS485 PROFIBUS hasta 12MBaud

RS485 PROFIBUS direcciones 1 - 125 disponibles

9
24 V

Direcciones 3 - 125 Disponibles para Dispositivos MBP

Coupler Sin Direccin

3
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4
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Maestro DCS/PLC no ve esclavos directamente en DX por direccin


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PROFIBUS MBP 31.25Kbaud

Capa Fsica PROFIBUS- MBP

Solucin No transparente- Direccionamiento de DispositivosArquitectura Flexible


Interface a las reas de Proceso donde se necesiten
Espacios de Direccionamiento separados
RS485 PROFIBUS Direcciones 1 - 125

1 9
24 V

PROFIBUS RS485 Up to 12MBaud

23
24 V MBP PROFIBUS Direcciones 3 - 125

11
MBP PROFIBUS Direcciones 3 - 125
24 V

MBP PROFIBUS Direcciones 3 - 125

4
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PROFIBUS MBP @ 31.25Kbaud PROFIBUS MBP @ 31.25Kbaud


Profibus International Competence Center

PROFIBUS MBP @ 31.25Kbaud

Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Setup de Red - Reglas(continua ..)

24 V

Mxima longitud de segmento por coupler = 1,900m

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Setup de Red - Reglas(continua Largo de Spur/Drop)
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1..12 13..14 15..18 19..24

120 90 60 30 30 30 30
Maximum Length (Non Ex) [m] Maximum Length (Ex) [m]

[Number of Spur Lines]

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Calculando la carga del bus Cuntos dispositivos?
I(mA)

20mA Iq=11mA 2mA

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Calculando la carga del bus Cun largo?
Los dispositivos requieren 9V para Operar
Resistencia del cable Tipo A es 44/km (.044 /m) V?
1000m
17mA 17mA 20mA 18mA

P/S

18mA

Uout = 12.8V

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


MBP Redundancy Siemens Solution

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Terminacin de red MBP

Terminacin: Acta como un shunt Previene Reflexiones Al inicio y fin

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Tecnologa de Conexin - MBP

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Tecnologa de conexin - MBP

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SpliTconnect para Profibus PA

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


Arquitectura Flexible Todas las Soluciones de Interface
PROFIBUS RS485 High-Speed Discretes Front-End & Back-End PROFIBUS Master System

Segmentos MBP pueden ser distribuidos en el bus RS485 Segun se requiera. No necesitan originarse en el Master

MBP Segment

MBP Segment

MBP Segment

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Capa fsica PROFIBUS- MBP


MBP Network Setup Rules longitudes Mximas

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Experiencias PA

34
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Sumario. Descripcin del Problema. Objetivos. Marco Terico. Equipos Utilizados. Desarrollo.

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DESCRIPCIN DEL PROBLEMA

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MARCO TERICO
FDT. PROFIBUS PA.

TECNOLOGA FDT

PROFIBUS PA

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FDT- Herramienta para Dispositivos de Campo

Imagen n1: Elementos claves de FDT. Fuente: http://fdtgroup.org


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FDT Los beneficios para el usuario


Plataforma Windows. No hay necesidad de substituir los dispositivos instalados. Independencia del bus de comunicacin.

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Profibus PA
La funcionalidad de PROFIBUS PA est estructurada en bloques. Bloque Fsico. Bloque Transductor. Bloque de Funcin.

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Bloque Transductor

Diagrama funcional del Bloque Transductor en un transmisor de temperatura. Fuente: Manual PROFIBUS-PA Profile for Process Control Devices, Version 3.0

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Bloque de Funcin
Bloque de Funcin AI 1 AI 2

Valor de medicin:

Seleccin de Variable

Bloque Transductor

Canal 1

Canal 2

El valores que recibe el Bloque de Funcin proveniente del Bloque Transductor.

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Setup Demo
DPM1 S7-300 ACOPLADOR DP/PA PROFIBUS PA T53.10 PC /ADAPTER (MPI)

TH400

PROFIBUS DP

PROFICORE Ultra

UNIDAD DE SIMULACIN

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DISPOSITIVOS EN EL DEMO
1 PLC S7-300. 1 Acoplador DP/PA . MLFB 6E57-157-0A80XA0. 1 Transmisores de Temperatura T53.10, Wika. 1 Transmisor de Temperatura TH400, Siemens. 2 Termocupla Tipo K.

Imagen n4: Acoplador DP/PA. Fuente: http://support.automation.sie mens.com


Profibus International Competence Center

Imagen n5: Siemens TH400. http://support.automation.si emens.com

Imagen n6: Wika T53.10. fuente:

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CONTINUACIN DISPOSITIVOS EN EL DEMO


1 Analizador Profitrace 2 y ProfiCore Ultra. 1 PC con SO Windows 7. 1 Unidad de Simulacin para los transmisores Wika y Siemens.

Imagen n7: Unidad de Simulacin.

Imagen n8: ProfiCore Ultra. Fuente

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CABLES Y CONECTORES
3 m Cable Profibus PA. MLFB 6XV1 830-5FH10. 3 m Cable Profibus DP. MLFB 6XV1 830-0EH10. 2 Conectores FastConnect. MLFB 6ES7972-0bb52-0XA0 2 SplitConnect. MLFB 66K 1905-0AA00.

Imagen n9: FastConnect. Fuente: http://support.automation.si emens.com

Imagen n10: SplitConnect. Fuente: http://support.automation.si emens.com

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CONTINUACIN CABLES Y CONECTORES


1 Resistencia de Terminacin SplitConnect. MLFB 6GK1905-0AE00 . Stripping tool (Pelacables para Profibus). MLFB 6GK1905-GAA00.

Imagen n10: Resistencia de Terminacin SplitConnect. Fuente: http://support.automation.siemens.com

Imagen n11: Stripping Tool. Fuente: http://support.automation.siemens.com

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SOFTWARE
PACTware. Version 4.0. Analizador de redes Profibus ProfiTrace 2 con licencia CommDTM para aplicar la tecnologa FDT Simatic Manager, Version: 5.5 OS Windows 7 Ultimate.

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Desarrollo: Esquema General del Setup

Imagen n14: Red Profibus para 2 transmisores de temperatura

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ESQUEMA DE BLOQUES DE ELEMENTOS QUE COMPONEN DE LA RED PROFIBUS

Imagen n15: Esquema de bloques de elementos que componen de la red Profibus


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Conexionado de sensores en transmisor Wika y Siemens.

Conexin de una termocupla y una RTD de dos hilos a un transmisor de temperatura Wika y Siemens respectivamente. Fuente: manual TH400 y T53.10

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ENSAYO N1: CAMBIO DE DIRECCIN DE UN TRANSMISOR DE TEMPERATURA APLICANDO FDT


Objetivos: Aplicar la herramienta de configuracin de transmisores PA. Establecer comunicacin entre el DTM y el transmisor.

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Ensayo N 2: Cambio de variables en los canales y Valor Primario aplicando tecnologa FDT.
Objetivos: Aplicar la herramienta de configuracin de transmisores PA. Verificar en la salida del transmisor y comprobar escalamiento.

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Ensayo N 2: Cambio de variables en los canales y Valor Primario aplicando tecnologa FDT.
Bloque de Funcin AI 1 AI 2

Valor de medicin:

Seleccin de Variable

Bloque Transductor

Canal 1

Canal 2

El valores que recibe el Bloque de Funcin proveniente del Bloque Transductor.

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Ensayo N 2: Cambio de variables en los canales y Valor Primario aplicando tecnologa FDT.
Valor Primario
Observacin: Posee las mismas opciones para ambos Transmisores.

funciones matemticas en el bloque transductor. Fuente: DTM transmisor Siemens TH400


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Ensayo n 2: Cambio de variables en los canales y Valor Primario aplicando tecnologa FDT.
Asignar una variable a cada canal Se parametrizan de igual manera los transmisores No Wika y Siemens?
Habilitado

Habilitado

FB en parametraje fuera de lnea. Fuente DTM transmisor Siemens TH400

FB en parametraje fuera de lnea. Fuente DTM transmisor Wika T53.10

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Ensayo N 3: Simulacin en un transmisor de temperatura aplicando tecnologa FDT.

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Ensayo N 3: Simulacin en un transmisor de temperatura aplicando tecnologa FDT.


AUTO MAN

El valores que recibe el Bloque de Funcin proveniente del Bloque Transductor. Al bit 6 y 7 indica la calidad. 00: Malo. 01: Inseguro. 10: Bueno.
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Ensayo N 4: Simulacin de Alarmas y Fallas

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60

Ensayo N 5: Intercambiabilidad aplicando tecnologa FDT.


Objetivos: Aplicar la herramienta de configuracin de transmisores PA. Verificar aplicacin de Profibus intercambiabilidad entre transmisores. PA y la

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Ensayo n 5: Intercambiabilidad aplicando tecnologa FDT.

Esquema general intercambiabilidad

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FIN
S7-300 ACOPLADOR DP/PA PROFIBUS PA

PC ADAPTER (MPI)

PROFIBUS DP

PROFICORE

UNIDAD DE SIMULACIN

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Fundamentos Industrial Ethernet

Pgina

A que nos referimos conEthernet?


La especificacin IEEE 802.3 define:
El medio fsico Las reglas de Acceso al Medio La estructura de un frame Ethernet

Ethernet no es la solucin completa de red La especificacin no seala requisitos de operacin o fsicos.

IEEE = originalmente un acrnimo para Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Ahora simplemente I-triple-E

Pgina

Modelo de Comunicacin ISO/OSI


Dispositivo
7 Capa Aplicacin 6 Capa Presentacin 5 Capa Sesin 4 Capa Transporte 3 Capa de Red 2 Capa Enlace de Datos 1 Capa Fsica Capas Orientadas a Transporte
Capas Orientadas a Aplicacin

Cada procedimiento de comunicacin es dividido en componentes lgicos que se enlazan por interfaces definidas
Servicios
Aplicaciones Formato y codificacin de la informacin Sincronizacin y control de las comunicaciones Enlace entre dispositivos, segmentacin, troubleshooting
Ensamblaje de paquetes en datagramas y seleccin de rutas a travs de la red

Acceso al medio del bus, envo y recepcin de telegramas Generacin de seales elctricas

ISO = International Standards Organization OSI = Open Systems Interconnection


Pgina 3

Modelo de comunicacin ISO/OSI


ISO/OSI
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer
HTTP

Internet
SNMP Socket PROFINET

TCP / UDP IP

4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol TCP = Transmission Control Protocol UDP = User Datagram Protocol IP= Internet Protocol

Ethernet

Multiples protocolos de aplicacin pueden ejecutarse simultneamente sobre el medio fsico (Ethernet) www.AllThingsPROFINET.com
Pgina 4

Comunicaciones
Server Server TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite Client Client TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite

Ethernet Ethernet

Ethernet Ethernet

User Data

User Data App Header


HTTP SNMP Socket PROFINET

Message TCP Header IP Header Ethernet Header IP Header TCP Header TCP Header Application Data TCP segment

TCP / UDP IP

Application Data Datagram Application Data Ethernet trailer

Ethernet

Ethernet Frame

Pgina

No todas las capas se requieren


Ethernet Frame
InterFrame PreSync MAC MAC EtherVLAN Gap amble type 12 Byte 7 Byte 1 Byte 6 Byte 6 Byte 2 Byte 4 Byte EtherType 2 Byte Data Cycle Data- Trans FCS Application Data Counter Status Status 1500 Byte 401440 Bytes 2 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 4 Byte

Ethernet-Standard Preamble = 7 bytes of fixed value Sync = SFD = Start of Frame Delimiter VLAN = Virtual Local Area Network FCS = Frame Check Sequence (Checksum) ARP = Address Resolution Protocol

Application-specific

HTTP

SNMP

Socket

ARP

TCP / UDP
IEEE EtherType 0x0800

IP
Ethernet
Inter Fr am e Gap 12 Byte Pr eam bel 7 Byte Sync 1 Byte MAC 6 Byte MAC 6 Byte Ether type 2 Byte

IEEE EtherType 0x0806

VLAN 2 Byte

Ether type 2 Byte

Fr am e ID 2 Byte

Data 40* 1440 Bytes

Cycle Cou n ter 2 Byte

DataStatu s 1 Byte

Tr ans Statu s 1 Byte

FCS 4 Byte

Pgina

Direccionamiento
ISO/OSI
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)

Address (Port number); e.g. 192.168.1.101:80 IP Address; e.g., 192.168.1.101 MAC Address; e.g., 00-E0-08-33-4E-39

Pgina

Direcciones MAC
Direccin MAC( Direccin fsica) En una Red de Area Local (LAN) o en otra red, La direccin MAC (Media Access Control) es la unvoca direccin de su computador o de los otros nodos, que tiene un nico nmero de hardware. La direccin MAC es usada por la capa de enlace de datos del modelo de referencia OSI. Se puede hacer el equivalente de la direccin MAC a una huella digital.

Pgina

Direcciones MAC

Direccin MAC

Es nica en una red (En todo el mundo) Direccin de Capa 2 (Data-Link) 6 14 256 o 2.81 x 10 direcciones diferentes (281,474,976,710,656) Porcin Fabricante + Porcin Componente Un ejemplo de direccin MAC es: 00:70:6A:0E:1D:5C

Pgina

Direccionamiento MAC

Direccin MAC ( Direccin Fsica)

Las direcciones MAC se componen de 6 Bytes o 48 Bits La direccin de 48 Bits se representa en su formato HEX, agrupados en seis dgitos separados por dos puntos(:). 00:70:6A:0E:1D:5C Caga agrupacin HEX representa unacadena de 6 octetos binarios. La direccin anterior corresponde a la siguiente cadena de ceros y unos: 00000000.01110000.01100011.00001110.00011101.01011101

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10

Direccionamiento MAC

Direccionamiento MAC (Physical address)

Parte de la direccin MAC representa al fabricante y la otra parte representa al dispositivo especfico de dicho fabricante. Parte Fabricante 00:70:6A Parte Dispositivo 0E:1D:5C

La parte de Fabricante permanece igual para cualquier dispositivo de dicho fabricante a menos que existan mltiples IDs para dicho fabricante. La parte de dispositivo ser diferente de un dispositivo a otro.

Pgina

11

Introduccin al direccionamiento IP

Direcciones IP (direcciones TCP/IP) No son unicas (pero deberian serlo), asignadas por el usuario Pertenecen a la Capa 3 4 bytes (32 bit), Incluyen parte Red + parte host 2564 o 4,290 millones de direcciones diferentes Siempre se acompaan de una mscara de subred ej: IP Address : 149.218.90.19 Subnet Mask : 255.255.0.0

Pgina

12

Clases de direcciones IP
q

Existen 5 clases diferentes

0 I I I I 0 I I I 0 I I

net id 7 bits net id 14 bits net id 21 bits 0 I

host id 24 bits host id 16 bits host id 8 bits

Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E

multicast group id 28 bits reserved for future use 28 bits

Pgina

13

Rangos de direcciones IP
Cada interface en una red debe tener una direccin IP nica Class Rango

A B C D E

1.0.0.0 a 126.255.255.255 128.0.0.0 a 191.255.255.255 192.0.0.0 a 223.255.255.255 224.0.0.0 a 239.255.255.255 240.0.0.0 a 255.255.255.255
Pgina 14

Subredes
La mscara de subred define que parte de la direccin IP es ID de red y cual es ID de host. Es una mscara binaria aplicada a la direccin IP Considere la direccin IP 149.218.10.20 Es una direccin clase B, (subnet mask = 255.255.0.0) Por lo tanto la direccin de red debe ser 149.218 y la de host 10.20 10010101.11011010.00001010.00010100 -Direccin IP 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 - subnet mask Que significa tener 65534 equipos en la misma red? Potencialmente enormes cantidades de trfico broadcast Solucin: Dividir la red en subredes (subnets)
Pgina 15

Subredes
Subnet mask
Se aplica a la direccin IP para evaluar la nueva direccin de red. Considere 149.218.10.20 Asignele una mscara de subred de 255.255.255.0 lo que significa que ahora pertenece a la red 149.218.10.0 a diferencia del original 149.218.0.0 10010101.11011010.00001010.00010100 - IP Address 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 - subnet mask Esto significa que solo 254 equipos estan conectados entre s. Para comunicarse entre subredes, debe usar un router

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16

Componentes de Red
Device A
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet) Router Router Switch Switch Repeater, Hub Repeater, Hub Gateway Gateway

Device B
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)

IP Address MAC Address

Pgina

17

Hubs & Switches


Ethernet posee un gran ancho de banda, y en algunos casos puede ser dinmico Una sobreabundancia de datos en la red no solo afecta a los equipos encargados de su distribucin, sino que tambin a los dispositivos o nodos que deben recibirla. Una vez que un nodo ha sido abrumado por la data, necesita recuperarse y los denominados time outs pueden ocurrir.

Pgina

18

Hubs & Switches


Para entender las diferencias entre Hubs, Switches, y Switches administrados, Se deben entender los tipos de trfico Existen 3 tipos de trfico
1. Unicast 2. Multicast 3. Broadcast

Pgina

19

Tipos de Trfico- Unicast


Unicast = Comunicacin 1 a 1. El trfico generado por un dispositivo esta destinado a un solo dispositivo de destino.

Pgina

20

Multicast = 1 a varios nodos de comunicacin. El trfico generado por un dispositivo tiene como destino multiples nodos pero no necesariamente todos los nodos

Tipos de Trfico- Multicast

Pgina

21

Tipos de Trfico- Broadcast


Broadcast = 1 a todos los nodos de comunicacin. El trfico generado por un dispositivo es enviado a todos los dispositivos de la red.

Pgina

22

Tipos de Trfico-Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast


El tipo de trfico directamente afecta la cantidad de trfico en una Red o Dispositivo de infraestructura de Red ("Networking" device) La cantidad de trfico afecta directamente el ancho de banda disponible de un los dispositivos.

El ancho de banda utilizado en el dispositivo afecta la capacidad que este tiene de recibir y transmitir datos en forma eficiente. El desempeo de la red se degradar si se utiliza demasiado ancho de banda debido al tipo de trfico equivocado

Pgina

23

Hubs
Dispositivos que regeneran las seales entrantes (frames) y las distribuyen a todas las puertas (Broadcast). Se consideran dispositivos tontos(indiscriminadamente envan datos a todos sin filtrar) No soportan 10/100 auto-sensing (10BASE o 100BASE) Sujetos a reglas de clculo de Dominio de Colisin

Pgina

24

Forma de Operar de un Hub


From I/O 1 To PLC 1

I/O 1
From I/O 1

From I/O 1

To PLC 1

PLC1

To PLC 1

From I/O 1

To PLC 1

Data Storage server

Pgina

25

Forma de Operar de un Hub


From PLC 1 To I/O 1

I/O 1
From PLC 1

From PLC 1

To I/O 1

PLC 1

To I/O 1

From PLC 1

To I/O 1

Data Storage server

Pgina

26

Forma de Operar de un Hub

Pgina

27

Switches No administrados
Un Dispositivo que entrega un paquete Unicast recibido slo al puerto en que la estacin de destino est conectada. TODOS los switches en la red instantneamente reconocen los nuevos dispositivos que a ellos se conectan, leen las direcciones MAC y las registran en su tabla de direcciones. Puertos RJ45 son tpicamente 10/100 auto-negotiation/crossing Mltiples versiones para variadas configuraciones de puertos RJ45/Fibra Es una buena prctica mantener puertos extra para expansin, acceso de laptop y networking con el resto de la instalacin.

Pgina

28

Switches Administrados
Los Switches administrados pueden operar en una red sin requerir ninguna programacin como los switches no administrados A los Switches Administrados se les puede asignar su propia direccin IP, permitiendo as realizar ajustes especficos de los puertos y el control general del switch Aplicando software SNMP as como tambin otros mtodos es posible el monitoreo y configuracin (alarmas, Uso del Ancho de Banda, Seguridad, etc.)

Pgina

29

Operacin de un Switch
En un switch, cada puerto es un Dominio de Colisin Puede comunicarse a @ 10/100mbps Half o Full Duplex El trfico Unicast se enva solo al puerto donde esta conectada la estacin destino
From PC 12

To PLC B

From PC 12

PC 12

To PLC B

PLC B PLC A

Pgina

30

Operacin de un Switch
Cmo el switch direcciona el trfico Unicast eficientemente?
Address table Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 PC 1 RC 11 RC 12 RC 13 PLC C PLC B PLC A

P3 P1 PC 1 P2

P5

P4

PLC A PLC C PLC B RC 11 RC 12 RC 13


Pgina 31

Operacin de un Switch
Address table Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 PC 1
From PC 1 To PLC C

RC 11 RC 12 RC 13

PLC C

PLC B

PLC A

P3 P1 P2
From PC 1 To PLC C

PC 1

P5

P4

PLC A PLC B RC 11 RC 13

PLC C RC 12

Pgina

32

Operacin de un Switch
Address table Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 PLC 1
From PC 1 To PLC C

P3 P1 P2
From PLC 1 From PC 1

RC 11 RC 12 RC 13

PLC C

PLC C

PLC B

PC 1
From PLC A To RC 11

P5

P4

To PLC C

To RC 11

PLC A PLC B RC 11 RC 12 RC 13

PLC C

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Switches No Administrados
Un Dispositivo que entrega un paquete Unicast recibido slo al puerto en que la estacin de destino est conectada (No requiere configuracin Manual). TODOS los switches en la red instantneamente reconocen los nuevos dispositivos que a ellos se conectan, leen las direcciones MAC y las registran en su tabla de direcciones. Puertos RJ45 son tipicamente 10/100 auto-negotiation/crossing Mltiples versiones para variadas configuraciones de puertos RJ45/Fibra

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Switches Administrados
Un Dispositivo que entrega un paquete Unicast recibido slo al puerto en que la estacin de destino est conectada (No requiere configuracin Manual). TODOS los switches en la red instantneamente reconocen los nuevos dispositivos que a ellos se conectan, leen las direcciones MAC y las registran en su tabla de direcciones. Puertos RJ45 son tipicamente 10/100 auto-negotiation/crossing Mltiples versiones para variadas configuraciones de puertos RJ45/Fibra

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Administrado Vs No-Administrado
Puede ser programado usando interface Serial, Web interface, o software SNMP Port security La funcionalidad de seguridad es importante en terminos de conciencia y prevencin de acceso no deseado a los dispositivos y a la red. Port mirroring Necesario para el diagnstico y monitoreo preciso y busqueda de fallas permitiendo copiar el trafico unicast de un puerto a otro. Multicast Filtering Permite la gestin precisa del trfico IP Multicast. Asegura que no slo eltrafico unicast, sino tambin multicast esta apropiadamente dirigido a donde corresponde. Remote monitoring Permite la posibilidad de monitorerar remotamente condiciones y criterios de desempeo del switch. Spanning Tree Protocol Facilita conexiones redundantes para back bone y redes libres de loops. Prioritization support, asegura que los frames marcados con alta prioridad sern procesados rpida y eficientemente. Broadcast Limiters Permiten al administrados filtrar la cantidad de trficobroadcast traffic a baser de paquetes por segundo.

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Recuerda el Trfico??
Trfico Unicast, a travez de un hub, es como trfico broadcast Trfico Multicast a travez de un hub o Switch no administrado es como trfico broadcast El trfico Broadcast cuando no se controla, puede afectar el desempeo global de la red as como la capacidad de un nodo de desempear su proceso primario causando time outs los que pueden llevar a fallas de comunicacin y a fallas en el proceso controlado.

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Administrados Vs No-Administrados
Caractersticas l Prevent collisions l Auto-polarity, -sensing l Auto-negotiation, -MDI/MDIX l Web interface l Port security l Port mirroring l Multicast Filtering/IGMP l Remote monitoring l Redundancy l SNMP l Broadcast Limiter Administrados No Administrados

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Routers y Enrutamiento
Definicin de un Router- Un dispositivo que establece un camino de un nodo en una red o subred a otro nodo en otra red o subred. Definicin deEnrutamiento- El proceso de determinar el camino entre el emisor y receptor de un paquete. Existen 2 : Enrutamiento en la Fuente (Source routing)- El nodo de Origen determina la ruta y la incluye incluye en campos especiales en el frame de datos Hop-by-hop- La ruta entre fuente y destino se determina en el camino, salto a salto. Muchos protocolos de enrutamiento se basan en este mtodo. The routing protocols most used are RIP, RIPII and OSPF for standard protocols. They will be discussed in greater detail during the Routing/Layer 3 presentation

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Routers
Un router tiene 2 funciones principales: Conectar redes entre s Bloquear trafico broadcast Todas las otras funciones que pueden tener los routers son agregados y no forman parte de la funcionalidad Para que los routers aprendan donde se encuentran las diferentes redes,se debe utilizar algun protocolo de enrutamiento. Existen 2 formas de hacer esto Estatico- Manualmente se debe ingresar en cada router donde estan las redes. Consume bastante tiempo la configuracin y mantencin Dinmico- El protocolo de enrutamiento aprende por si mismo las redes conectadas y enva esta informacin automticamente entre todos los routers. Tabla de Enrutamiento (Routing Table)- Esta tabla mantiene toda la informacin de capa IP/Red tal como la base de datos de reenvo en un switch mantiene la informacin de destino Layer 2 para los dispositivos de destino. Tambin se denomina cach ARP de informacin de dispositivos.
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Router- Capa de red


Dominio Broadcast Broadcast Domain
C omp ut er C o mput er C omp ut er C o mput er C omp ut er C omp ut er C o mput er C o mput er

Hub

Hub

C ompu ter

C ompu ter

C ompu te r

C o mput er

192.168.2.x 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.x 255.255.255.0


C o mput er C o mput er C ompu ter C omp ut er

C o mput er C o mput er C ompu ter

C omp ut er

Hub

Hub

Dominio Broadcast Broadcast Domain

C ompu te r

C ompu te r

C ompu ter

C omp ut er

Comp ut er C ompu te r

C omp ute r C ompu t er

C ompu te r

C omput er C omput er

C omput er

C omp ute r Co mpu te r C ompu te r Comp ut er

Hub
C omput er C omput er C omput er

C ompu t er

Hub Hub

Hub

Comp ut er C omp ute r Co mp ut er C omput er Co mp ut er C omput er C omp ut er C ompu t er

C ompu te r

Co mp ut er Co mpu te r

Co mpu te r C omput er C omput er Co mput er

C omput er

Co mp ut er C ompu te r Co mpu te r

C o mput e r

Hub

Hub

Co mp ut er Co mp ut er

C omp ute r

Co mpu te r

Broadcast Domain Dominio Broadcast

Routers divide broadcast Los routers dividen el domains dominio Broadcast And y connect networks

C omput er C omput er C omput er

Co mput er

Hub

Hub

C omput er C omp ut er

C omp ut er

Co mput er

conectan redes

192.168.3.x 255.255.255.0
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Componentes de Red
Routers Direcciones IP
OSI Capa 3 (usa direccin IP) Puede ser usado para trafico LAN a WAN o de subred a subred Direcciones y Redes definidas por el usuario usando IP Reenvo en s o ms (millisegundos) entre redes Routers son el camino entre las redes de area local
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet) LAN = Local Area Network WAN = Wide Area Network
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Switches Direcciones MAC


OSI Capa 2 (usa direccin Mac) Local address (LAN traffic) Direccin basada en Hardware y Fabricante Switches Reenvan en s (microsegundos) en la misma red

Hubs re-broadcast todo el trafico

Tipos de conexiones
Los cables UTP forman los segmentos de Ethernet y pueden ser cables rectos o cables cruzados dependiendo de su utilizacin. 1.- Cable recto (pin a pin)
Estos cables conectan un concentrador a un nodo de red (Hub, Nodo). Todos los pares de colores estn conectados en las mismas posiciones en ambos extremos. La razn es que el concentrador es el que realiza el cruce de la seal. Para hacer un cable cruzado existen 2 ramas: 568B, 568A. Una se utilizar en uno de los extremos del cable y la otra norma en el otro extremo.

2.- Cable cruzado (cross-over)

Este tipo de cable se utiliza cuando se conectan elementos del mismo tipo, dos enrutadores, dos concentradores Tambin se utiliza cuando conectamos 2 computadoras directamente, sin que haya enrutadores o algn elemento a mayores.

Para saber qu tipo de cable se est utilizando (recto o cruzado) solo hay una manera de hacerlo, y es utilizando un instrumento adecuado de medida.

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Tipos de cable
Hay varios tipos de cables y cada uno posee unas ventajas y unos inconvenientes, esto quiere decir que ninguno de estos tipos de cables es mejor que otro. Sobre todo se diferencian en su ancho de banda, y en como les afectan las interferencias electromagnticas:
1.- Apantallado (STP/ Shielded Twisted Pair). 2.- No apantallado (UTP/ Unshielded twisted pair). 3.- Con pantalla global (FTP) Tambien llamado FUTP

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1.- Apantallado (STP/ Shielded Twisted Pair)


Este tipo de cable se caracteriza porque cada par va recubierto por una maya conductora, la cual es mucho ms protectora y de mucha mas calidad que la utilizada en el UTP. La proteccin de este cable ante perturbaciones es mucho mayor a la que presenta el UTP. Tambin es ms costoso. Sus desventajas, son que es un cable caro, es recio/fuerte. Este tipo de cable se suele utilizar en instalaciones de procesos de datos.

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STP

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2.- No apantallado (UTP/ Unshielded twisted pair): Es el cable ms simple. En comparacin con el apantallado este, es ms barato, adems de ser fcil de doblar y pesar poco. Las desventajas de este tipo de cable, es que cuando se somete a altas temperaturas no es tan resistente a las interferencias del medio ambiente. Los servicios como: Red de Area Local ISO 802.3 (Ethernet) y ISO 802.5 (Token Ring), telefona digital, son algunos de los que puede soportar este tipo de cable
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UTP

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2.1.- Categoras
Hay varias categoras dentro de los cables UTP, las cuales se diferencian en su atenuacin, impedancia y capacidad de lnea: Categora 1: (cable UTP tradicional) Alcanza como mximo una velocidad de 100 Kbps. Se utiliza en redes telefnicas. Categora 2: Alcanza una velocidad de transimisin de 4 Mbps . Tiene cuatro pares trenzados de hilo de cobre. Categora 3: 16 Mbps puede alcanzar como mximo en la transmisin. Tiene un ancho de banda de 16 MHz. Categora 4: Velocidad de transmisin de hasta 20 Mbps, con un ancho de banda de 20 MHz.
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Categora 5: Velocidad de hasta 100 Mbps, con un ancho de banda de 100 MHz. Se utiliza en las comunicaciones de tipo LAN. La atenuacin de este cable depende de la velocidad. Velocidad de 4 Mbps -- Atenuacin de 13 dB Velocidad de 10 Mbps -- Atenuacin de 20 dB Velocidad de 16 Mbps -- Atenuacin de 25 dB Velocidad de 100 Mbps -- Atenuacin de 67 dB

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Categora 5e: Igual que la anterior pero mejorada, ya que produce menos atenuacin. Puede alcanzar velocidad de transmision de 1Gbs con electronica especial. Categora 6: Tiene un ancho de banda de 250 MHz. Puede alcanzar velocidad de transmision de 1Gbs Categora 6A: Tiene un ancho de banda de 500 MHz. Puede alcanzar velocidad de transmision de 10Gbs Categora 7: Esta categora esta aprobada para los elementos que conforman la clase F en el estandar internacional ISO 11801. Tiene un ancho de banda de 600 MHz. Puede alcanzar velocidades de transmision superiores a 10Gbs

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3.- Con pantalla global (FTP) Tambien llamado FUTP


Su precio es intermedio entre el del UTP y el del STP. En este tipo de cable sus pares aunque no estn apantallados, tienen una pantalla global (formada por una cinta de aluminio) que provoca una mejora en la proteccin contra interferencias externas. Se suele utilizar para aplicaciones que se van a someter a una elevada interferencia electromagntica externa, ya que este cable tiene un gran aislamiento de la seal. Una de las ventajas que tiene el FTP es que puede ser configurado en topologas diferentes, como son la de estrella y la de bus, adems es de fcil instalacin. Tambin tiene algunas desventajas como son las siguientes: muestra gran sensibilidad al ruido y las grandes velocidades de transmisin no las soporta.
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FUTP

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Estndares de Cables UTP/STP


Cat 1: actualmente no reconocido por TIA/EIA. Fue usado para comunicaciones telefnicas POTS, ISDN y cableado de timbrado. Cat 2: actualmente no reconocido por TIA/EIA. Fue frecuentemente usado para redes token ring (4 Mbit/s). Cat 3: actualmente definido en TIA/EIA-568-B. Fue (y sige siendo) usado para redes ethernet (10 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 16 MHz. Cat 4: actualmente no reconocido por TIA/EIA. Frecuentemente usado en redes token ring (16 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 20 MHz.

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Cat 5: actualmente no reconocido por TIA/EIA. Frecuentemente usado en redes ethernet, fast ethernet (100 Mbit/s) y gigabit ethernet (1000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 100 MHz. Cat 5e: actualmente definido en TIA/EIA-568-B. Frecuentemente usado en redes fast ethernet (100 Mbit/s) y gigabit ethernet (1000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 100 MHz. Cat 6: actualmente definido en TIA/EIA-568-B. Usado en redes gigabit ethernet (1000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 250 MHz. Cat 6a: actualmente definido en TIA/EIA-568-B. Usado en un futuro en redes 10 gigabit ethernet (10000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 500 MHz. Cat 7: actualmente no reconocido por TIA/EIA. Usado en un futuro en redes 10 gigabit ethernet (10000 Mbit/s). Diseado para transmisin a frecuencias de hasta 600 MHz.

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Conectores RJ-45
El RJ45 es una interfaz fsica comnmente usada para conectar redes de cableado estructurado, (categoras 4, 5, 5e y 6). RJ es un acrnimo ingls de Registered Jack que a su vez es parte del Cdigo Federal de Regulaciones de Estados Unidos. Posee ocho "pines" o conexiones elctricas, que normalmente se usan como extremos de cables de par trenzado. Es utilizada comnmente con estndares como TIA/EIA-568-B, que define la disposicin de los pines o wiring pinout. Una aplicacin comn es su uso en cables de red Ethernet, donde suelen usarse 8 pines (4 pares). Otras aplicaciones incluyen terminaciones de telfonos (4 pines o 2 pares) por ejemplo en Francia y Alemania, otros servicios de red como RDSI y T1 e incluso RS-232.
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Conexin

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Tipos de cable
Cable directo El cable directo de red sirve para conectar dispositivos desiguales, como un computador con un hub o switch. En este caso ambos extremos del cable deben de tener la misma distribucin. No existe diferencia alguna en la conectividad entre la distribucin 568B y la distribucin 568A siempre y cuando en ambos extremos se use la misma, en caso contrario hablamos de un cable cruzado. El esquema ms utilizado en la prctica es tener en ambos extremos la distribucin 568B.

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59

Cable cruzado El cable cruzado sirve para conectar dos dispositivos igualitarios, como 2 computadoras entre s, para lo que se ordenan los colores de tal manera que no sea necesaria la presencia de un hub. Actualmente la mayora de hubs o switches soportan cables cruzados para conectar entre s. A algunas tarjetas de red les es indiferente que se les conecte un cable cruzado o normal, ellas mismas se configuran para poder utilizarlo PC-PC o PC-Hub/switch. Para crear un cable cruzado que funcione en 10/100baseT, un extremo del cable debe tener la distribucin 568A y el otro 568B. Para crear un cable cruzado que funcione en 10/100/1000baseT, un extremo del cable debe tener la distribucin 568B y el otro Gigabit Ethernet (variante B).

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Administracin de la red
ISO divide la administracin de la red en cinco partes que se definen dentro del Modelo OSI:

Administracin de la contabilidad: Proporciona informacin sobre costos y los usos contables. Administracin de la configuracin: Administra la configuracin real de la red. Administracin de fallos: Detecta, asla y corrige los fallos, incluyendo el mantenimiento de un registro y un diagnstico de los errores. Administracin del desempeo (prestaciones): Mantiene una eficiencia y un desempeo mximos, incluyendo la recopilacin de estadsticas y el mantenimiento de registros para definir un baseline Administracin de la seguridad: Mantiene un sistema seguro y administra el acceso.
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Administracin en TCP/IP
El Comit Asesor de Internet (Internet Advisory Board, IAB) ha elaborado o adoptado varias normas para la administracin de la red. En su mayora, stas se han diseado especficamente para ajustarse a los requisitos de TCP/IP, aunque cuando es posible cumplen con la arquitectura OSI. Para cubrir dichas necesidades se han creado dos protocolos, ambos con funcionalidades parecidas: 1.- SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol 2.- TCP/IP(CMOT): Common Management Information Services and Protocol Over TCP/IP. Una norma para TCP/IP y para la administracin OSI.
Servicios Comunes de Informacin sobre la Administracin (Common Management Information Services, CMIS ) Protocolo Comn de Informacin sobre la Administracin ( Common Management Information Protocol, CMIP )
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SNMP
Protocolo de nivel de aplicacin para administrar (consulta u otras operaciones) de diferentes dispositivos ( routers, switches, hubs, hosts, modems, impresoras, etc ). Cada equipo conectado a la red ejecuta unos procesos (agentes). Dichos procesos van actualizando variables (manteniendo histricos) en una base de datos.
Por ejemplo, en el caso de:

- un router: interfaces activos, la velocidad de sus enlaces serie, nmero de errores, bytes emitidos, bytes recibidos, ... - en una impresora: que se termin el papel, ... - en un modem: la prdida de conexin, - en un switch: bocas conectadas, desconectar un boca en el caso de IPs duplicadas, si la mquina est infectada de virus, etc
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SNMP: funcionamiento
La forma normal de uso del SNMP es el sondeo (polling): 1.- Pregunta: la estacin administradora enva una solicitud a un agente (proceso que atiende peticin SNMP) pidindole informacin o mandndole actualizar su estado de cierta manera. 2.- Respuesta: la informacin recibida del agente es la respuesta o la confirmacin a la accin solicitada.
Problema: incremento con los nodos administrados y puede llegar a perjudicar el rendimiento de la red Mtodo Interrupcin (trap): un agente manda la informacin al nodo administrador puntualmente, ante una situacin predeterminada (por ejemplo una anomala detectada en la red)

SNMP

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SNMP: protocolos
SNMP es independiente del protocolo (IPX de SPX/IPX de Novell, IP con UDP) SNMP se puede implementar usando comunicaciones UDP o TCP, pero se suelen usar comunicaciones UDP en la mayora de los casos. Con UDP, el protocolo SNMP se implementa utilizando los puertos 161 y 162. puerto 161 se utiliza para las transmisiones tipo sondeo puerto 162 se utiliza para los mensajes de tipo trap o interrupcin.
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Pila de protocolos en SNMP


FTP SNMP NFS

ASN1 HTTP SMTP RPC Telnet DNS T F T P RPC

XDR

TCP

UDP

IP

PROTOCOLOS de ACCESO al MEDIO

SNMP

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Elementos de la arquitectura SNMP (1/2)


Nodos administrados que ejecutan agentes SNMP (procesos, daemons, ) Estacin administradora o consola de administracin encargados de hacer el pooling o recibir el trap de los agentes mantienen una base de datos MIB con formato SMI

SNMP

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Elementos de la arquitectura SNMP (2/2)


- SMI Structure of Management Information (estructura de la base de datos MIB) Nombre o OID (identificador de objetos) Tipo y Sintaxis
Subconjunto de ASN.1 usado para SNMP. Forma de definir los objetos gestionados usando una sintaxis especial

- MIB Management Information Base. Base de datos relacional (organizada por objetos o variables y sus atributos o valores) que contiene informacin del estado de un nodo administrado y es actualizada por los agentes SNMP. Un subconjunto es el MIB-2 (informacin comn soportada por todos los dispositivos)

SNMP

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SMI: Structure of Management Information Estructura en forma de rbol global para la informacin de administracin, convenciones, sintaxis y las reglas para la construccin de MIBs.

Ejemplo de grupos de variables en MIB-2:


System (objetos que permiten operar el sistema) IP (contador de paquetes, fragmentacin) ICMP (contador de cada tipo de mensaje ICMP) TCP (conexiones abiertas TCP) UDP (estadsticas UDP) Interfaces (estado de interfaces)
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Ejemplo de SMI para acceder a


Mib_2.Interfaces
ccitt (0) iso (1) itu (2) Joing-iso-ccitt (3)

Standard (0) ... (0) ... (0) Directory (1) ... (0) System (1)

Registration -auth (1) ... Internet (1) Mgmt (2) (

Member-body (2) DoD (6) ...

Org (3)

Experimental (3) ... Mib_2 (1)

private (4)

...

Interfaces (2)
SNMP

Addr-translation (3)

...
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Subrboles de la MIB-2

SNMP

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Ejemplos de variables junto con su grupo en MIB-2


iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib_2.grupo.variable.puerto

grupo
system interfaces interfaces ip icmp tcp udp

variable
sysUpTime ifNumber ifInErrors ipInReceives icmpInEchos tcpInSegs

significado
Tiempo desde el ltimo arranque Nmero de interfaces de red Nmero de paquetes entrantes en los que el agente ha encontrado error Nmero de paquetes recibidos Nmero de solicitudes de Echo ICMP recibidas Nmero de paquetes TCP recibidos

udpInDatagrams Nmero de datagramas UDP recibidos

Todas las variables en RFC-1213


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Ejemplo de codificacin de objetos segn SMI


iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib_2.interfaces o su equivalente .1.3.6.1.2.1.2

Este formato para la representacin de variables puede ser expresadas tanto en ASCII como nmeros separados por puntos, en una notacin conocida como OID (Object Identifier) o descriptor. As sucesivamente hasta especificar la variable (u objeto) y el puerto a consultar.
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SNMP: comandos bsicos


OBTENER (GET), que implica que la consola de administracin recupera datos del agente COLOCAR (SET), que implica que la consola de administracin establece los valores de los objetos en el agente CAPTURAR (TRAP), que implica que el agente notifica a la consola de administracin acerca de los sucesos de importancia por interrupcin

SNMP

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SNMP: Versiones
Versin 1: La seguridad se basa en comunidades (que usan passwords comunes sobre texto plano) que permiten usar dispositivos si se conoce el password. Se puede explotar for fuerza bruta. A pesar de que es la versin inicial es la que se distribuye en muchos equipos. Versin 2: Reduce la carga de trfico adicional para la monitorizacin (con uso de GetBulk e Informs) y soluciona los problemas de monitorizacin remota o distribuida (con las sondas RMON). SNMPv2 puede leer SNMPv1. Versin 3: Para evitar la falta de seguridad en las transmisiones (con cifrado y autenticacin), proporciona una capa o parche complemento a SNMPv1 y v2, que aade a los mensajes SNMP (v1 y v2) una cabecera adicional.

Si no se dispone de seguridad suficiente, con carcter general es aconsejable deshabilitar la ejecucin de comandos SET.
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Obtencin de informacin
ESTACIN ADMINISTRADORA NODO ADMINISTRADO ? i MIB

UDP 161

UDP 161
AGENTE

Consulta/Solicitud de variable:

Software: NetFlow CiscoWorks HP OpenView

GET REQUEST GET NEXT REQUEST GET BULK (SNMP v.2)


Respuesta a solicitud:

GET RESPONSE

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Modificacin de informacin
ESTACIN ADMINISTRADORA NODO ADMINISTRADO ! i MIB

UDP 161

UDP 161

AGENTE Modificacin de valor de variable: !

Software: NetFlow CiscoWorks HP OpenView

SET REQUEST SET NEXT REQUEST


Respuesta a solicitud:

GET RESPONSE

EJEMPLO: EJEMPLO Se puede usar para resetear el valor de los contadores, como el nmero de paquetes procesados.
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Generacin de interrupciones
ESTACIN ADMINISTRADORA NODO ADMINISTRADO N AGENTE Un Agente informa de un evento: N MIB

UDP 162

Software: NetFlow CiscoWorks HP OpenView

TRAP

EJEMPLO: EJEMPLO El Agente de un router informa de que un enlace ha cado.

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Problema: SNMP y congestin


La monitorizacin se realiza por la propia red, por tanto si la red est congestionada, puede conllevar ms problemas. Si existe una fallo general en cualquier parte de la red (p.ej fallo de la corriente elctrica ), cada dispositivo administrado por SNMP tratar de enviar al mismo tiempo, mensajes controlados por interrupcin hacia el servidor, para reportar el problema. Esto puede congestionar la red y producir una informacin errnea en el servidor.
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Otras redes, otros segmentos


Comentario a la monitorizacin
SNMP gestiona dispositivos individuales, pero no permite diagnosticar fallos en una red remota u otro segmento de red. Para ello, el software de monitorizacin debe trasladarse a cada segmento de red . Esto se puede resolver mediante el uso de agentes en los segmentos remotos de red, utilizando equipos especiales o bien ordenadores de propsito general, llamados sondas RMON (Remote MONitor)
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RMON Remote Monitor (1/2)


Una de las mejoras principales de SNMP se denomina Monitoreo Remoto (RMON). Las extensiones de RMON a SNMP brindan la capacidad para observar la red como un todo, en contraste con el anlisis de dispositivos individuales, declarndose para ello una MIB especial para guardar informacin de monitorizacin de un segmento de red diferente. La MIB asociada es 1.3.6.1.2.1.16 Las sondas RMON recopilan informacin y tiene la misma funcin que un agente SNMP, transmitiendo la informacin peridicamente. Adems, pueden procesar la informacin a enviar a la estacin de administrador. Una forma de trabajar puede ser poniendo las sondas RMON en cada segmento de la red que se quiere monitorizar (pueden introducirse en un host, en un switch, en un router u otro dispositivo especfico). Adems, permite aadir redundancia a la administracin de la red, ya que RMON permite volcar los datos a varias consolas de administracin.
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RMON Remote Monitor (2/2)


RMON1 trabaja en las capas 1 y 2 Enva a la estacin administradora informacin de una red entera (LAN o WAN) a nivel de capas 1 y 2 RMON2 trabaja en las capas 3 y superiores Proporciona informacin a nivel de red y de aplicacin.

SNMP

82 Pgina 82

MIBs de RMON1
1.- Statistics. Estadstica en tiempo real de una LAN (utilizacin, colisiones, errores CRC, ) 2.- History. Histrico de la estadstica 3.- Alarm. Definiciones de Traps 4.- Hosts. Estadsticas de un host especfico de la LAN (bytes enviados/recibidos, ) 5.- Hosts top N. Registro de las conexiones top N ms activas en un periodo de tiempo 6.- Matrix. Matriz de trfico enviado/recibido entre sistemas 7.- Filter. Filtrar segn ciertos patrones (direcciones MAC, puertos TCP 8.- Capture. Recoge paquetes que cumplen el filtro 9. Event. Enva alarmas (SNMP traps) 10.- Token Ring. Extensiones para Token Ring

SNMP

83 Pgina 83

MIBs de RMON2
1.- Protocol Directory. Lista de protocolos que se puede monitorizar 2.- Protocol Distribution. Estadstica de trfico para cada protocolo 3.- Address Map. Mapeo de direcciones IP y MAC 4.- Network-Layer Host. Estadsticas de la capa 3 para cada host 5.- Network-Layer Matrix. Estadstica de la capa 3 (origen/destino) para cada par de hosts 6.- Application-Layer Host. Estadsticas para la capa de aplicacin para cada host 7. Application-Layer Matrix. Estadstica origen/destino para cada par de hosts 8.- User History. Muestra en un periodo de algunas variables 9. Probe Configuration. Configuracin remota de sondas 10. RMON Conformance. Requisitos de : requirements for RMON2 MIB conformance
SNMP 84 Pgina 84

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PROFINET

PI
Founded 1989

PROFIBUS & PROFINET International

The worlds oldest fieldbus organization The worlds largest fieldbus organization
1400+ members

The worlds leading fieldbus organization


More than 35,600,000 PROFIBUS nodes installed More than 3,000,000 PROFINET nodes installed
Serial Fieldbus Market

The worlds most active fieldbus organization


More than 500 specialists in over 50 Working Groups Over 700 Certified Network Engineers in North America

The worlds only global fieldbus organization


27 regional associations (PI NA is one) 40 certified competence centers (RPI) 10 certified test labs 18 certified training centers (RPI) Discrete AND Process AND Motion Machine, Process, and Motion Safety Vertical and Horizontal Integration

Industrial Ethernet Market


Ethernet/IP

Other

The worlds most experienced fieldbus organization

PROFINET

How we count nodes

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Worldwide Support
Belgium RPA, PICC Czech Rep. RPA, PICC, PITL Denmark RPA Finland RPA France RPA, PICC, PITC Germany & Austria RPA, PICC PITC, PITL Ireland RPA, PICC, PITC Italy RPA, PICC Netherlands RPA, PICC, PITC, PITL Norway RPA, PICC, PITC Poland RPA, PICC Russia RPA Slovakia RPA Spain RPA, PICC Sweden RPA, PICC

Switzerland RPA, PICC, PITC UK RPA, PICC, PITC

China RPA, PICC, PITL India RPA, PICC Japan RPA, PICC, PITL

Brazil RPA, PICC Chile PICC USA RPA, PICC, PITC, PITL Southern Africa RPA, PICC, PITC Australia/ New Zealand RPA, PICC, PITC

Korea RPA, PICC Middle-East RPA South-East-Asia RPA, PICC

PI worldwide: 27 Regional PI Associations (RPA)

PI Technical Support: 40 PI Competence Centers (PICC) 18 PI Training Centers (PITC) 10 PI Test Laboratories (PITL)

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Fieldbus Organizations
Technology PROFINET PROFIBUS DeviceNet EtherNet/IP Foundation Fieldbus Modbus Modbus TCP

Consortium

PI Siemens Phoenix Contact GE 1989 1,400 27 40 10 18


Certified

ODVA

Fieldbus Foundation Emerson

Modbus IDA

Primary Backers

Rockwell

Schneider

Founded Membership Regional Organizations Competence Centers Test Labs Training Centers

1995 290 4 0 3 0

1994 350 4 0 1 8

2002 65 0 0 1 0
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source: organization websites

Certified

Certified

Whats a fieldbus? A Fieldbus is a digital, serial, two-way, multidrop communication link among controllers and its remote I/Os, sensors, actuators and inter-networking components. In comparison to standard Local Area Networks (LAN), fieldbuses are specialized for the rugged industrial environment, determinism, bus powering, etc.

from PIs PROFIBUS and PROFINET Glossary

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Whats a fieldbus?
16.3mA

PROFIBUS DP

PROFIBUS PA

1st Value = 257 2nd Value = 23.02 1st Units = oF 2nd Units = mBar Status = ok Diagnosis = OK
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Why use a fieldbus?


Engineering and Documentation
Easier configuration Easier to use and up-to-date documentation

Hardware
Less Hardware: I/O, terminal blocks, enclosures, barriers, wire

Installation
Easier, quicker, and less time-consuming

Commissioning
Faster

Maintenance/Operations
Improved availability & reduced down time Improved asset management

Manufacturing Flexibility
Changes are implemented rapidly

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PROFIBUS DP

Open, international standard (IEC 61158) Serial Fieldbus RS-485 transporting 244 bytes at up to 12Mbit/s Uses layers 1, 2, and 7 of the ISO Model
ISO/OSI
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer

DP = Decentralized Periphery

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PROFIBUS PA

Open, international standard (IEC 61158) Serial fieldbus Same protocol as DP, different physical layer: MBP at 31.25kbit/s Suitable for hazardous environments
SD LE LEr SDr DA SA FC DU.. FCS ED

SOF

SD

LE

LEr

SDr

DA

SA

FC

DU..

CRC

EOF

PA= Process Automation MBP = Manchester-encoded, Bus-Powered Chile PICC

PROFIBUS Concepts

10

Master-Slave Cyclic Data Acyclic Data

I/O Active Station(s)

Eng Station

PLC/ DCS

PROFIBUS

Passive Stations (Field Devices)

Cyclic Channel I/O Data Exchange

Acyclic Channel Parameter Access

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Application Profiles

11

Agreement within a device family on how to use the PROFIBUS / PROFINET data by adding data structures, cyclic / acyclic services, behavior, parameterization, diagnosis, Engineering integration, etc.

Host/Master

Field Device/Slave

Profile
7 2 1 7 2

IEC 61158

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Application Profiles
"Best Practice Patterns" Profile Guidelines
IEC 62390 Data types Diagnosis Models

12
"Common Profiles"

Application Profiles
l Cooperation with other organizations

I&M Functions Redundancy Time Stamp PROFIsafe

e.g. OPC, DriveCom, VDMA, OpenPLC, etc.


l Training (UML, Safety, Models, etc.) l Tools

Remote Remote Water/ Water/ intellig. PA I/O Laboratory I/O PA intellig. SEMI Laboratory waste waste SEMI Devices Pumps for Devices Devices water Pumps for Devices water PA PA

Robot Robot Encoder PROFI PROFI Fluid Fluid Encoder /NC drive Power /NC drive Power
? ?

FF, IEC 61804

SEMI

Interbus, CAN, etc.

Low Low Ident Ident Weighing Weighing Voltage (BarVoltage (Bar& & code, Switchcode, SwitchDosage Dosage RFID) RFID) gear gear
?

IO-Link IO-Link

Trains Trains

PROFI PROFI energy energy

......
PROFINET IO

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PROFIsafe
Safety over the bus is now permitted by US and Canadian codes PROFIsafe application profile is independent of the network Builds on standard network
Safety and standard data on the same cable Safety and standard modules can be mixed in one station Safety programs can be programmed with standard tools
UL UL safety safety listed listed under under category category NRGF NRGF Up to safety category 4 compliant with EN 954-1 SIL3 compliant with IEC/EN 61508

13

PROFIsafe covers discrete, motion, and process applications Save on cable costs, installation time, commissioning, and maintenance
Safety has evolved from being a cost burden to a strategy for Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET improving productivity and reducing downtime. PICC .com

PROFINET
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller

14

OPC

REAL-TIME IO

Controller Controller Controller

Office Network Firewall

Wireless I/O
XX55

Switch Proxy Drives


OPC

SECURITY
HMI

I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley

CE

DeviceNet

INTEGRATES OTHER BUSSES

SAFETY
PROFIBUS DP

WSAN Gateway
AS-interface

PROFIBUS PA

Wireless Discrete Sensors

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PROFINET in Greenfield project


MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller

15

OPC

REAL-TIME IO

Controller Controller Controller

Office Network Firewall

Wireless I/O
XX55

Switch Proxy Drives


OPC

SECURITY
HMI

I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley

CE

DeviceNet

INTEGRATES OTHER BUSSES

SAFETY
PROFIBUS DP

WSAN Gateway
AS-interface

PROFIBUS PA

Wireless Discrete Sensors

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PROFINET is

16

The all-encompassing network for Industrial Automation


Real-time IO Machine-to-Machine Integration Motion Control Vertical Integration Safety Security Integrates existing buses Energy Savings
Interbus Fieldbus Integration II Integration AS-i DeviceNet PROFIBUS Fieldbus Integration Integration I PROFIB US Interbus Distributed Automation

Application profiles Encoder Ident system LVSG

MES Process Automation

WEB Integration Safety WLAN

Remote IO

Real-time Communi-cation

Motion Control

Train Application

Network Installation & Network Management

Test + Certification

Data Data Security Security

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PROFINET

17

PROFINET is a fieldbus (and much more)


Open, international standard (IEC 61158) Physical layer: Industrial Ethernet 1440 bytes at 100Mbit/s, full-duplex
ISO/OSI Model
7 Application layer HTTP 6 Presentation layer TCP / UDP 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer IP Ethernet RT POP3 SMTP PROFINET

Ethernet Model

HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol TCP = Transmission Control Protocol Chile UDP = User Datagram Protocol www.AllThingsPROFINET IP= Internet Protocol PICC

.com

Industrial Ethernet Coexistence One infrastructure, multiple protocols


PROFINET Modbus/TCP EtherNet/IP* Web servers/browsers Email VOIP Vision NOT EtherCAT
*EtherNet/IP multicasting must be controlled via IGMP snooping in order to coexist

18

HTTP

POP3

SMTP

PROFINET RT

TCP / UDP IP Ethernet

VOIP = Voice Over IP

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PROFIBUS / PROFINET comparison


PROFIBUS Organization Application Profiles concepts physical layer speed telegram address space technology connectivity wireless motion Mach-to-mach vert integration no. of products RS-485 12Mbit/s 244 bytes 126 master/slave PA + others* Possible* 32 axes No No thousands
*not in spec, but solutions available

19

PROFINET PI same

Engineering, GSDs Ethernet 100Mbit/s 1440 bytes unlimited provider/consumer many buses IEEE 802.11, 15.1 150 axes Yes Yes hundreds
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What do we mean Ethernet?


The IEEE 802.3 Specification defines:
The Physical media The Media Access rules The structure of an Ethernet frame

20

Ethernet is not the entire network solution The specification does not specify any physical or environmental operating requirements.

IEEE = originally an acronym for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. now just I-triple-E

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ISO/OSI communications model


Each communication procedure is divided into logical components which are linked via defined interfaces
Device
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer Transportoriented layers
Applicationoriented layers

21

Services
Applications Formatting and coding of information Synchronization and control of communications Links between devices, segmenting, troubleshooting
Packet assembly in datagrams and selection of route through the network

Access to bus medium, send and receive of telegrams Generation of electrical signals

ISO = International Standards Organization OSI = Open Systems Interconnection Chile

PICC

ISO/OSI communications model


ISO/OSI
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer
HTTP

22

Internet
SNMP Socket PROFINET

TCP / UDP IP

4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol TCP = Transmission Control Protocol UDP = User Datagram Protocol IP= Internet Protocol

Ethernet

Multiple application protocols can run at the same time on www.AllThingsPROFINET the physical medium (Ethernet)
.com
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Communications
Server Server TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite Client Client TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite

23

Ethernet Ethernet

Ethernet Ethernet
App Header

User Data User Data

HTTP

SNMP

Socket PROFINET

Message TCP Header Application Data

TCP / UDP IP
IP Header

TCP segment TCP Header Application Data Datagram Ethernet Header IP Header TCP Header Application Data Ethernet trailer

Ethernet

Ethernet Frame

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Not All Layers Are Needed


Ethernet Frame
InterFrame PreSync MAC MAC EtherVLAN Gap amble type 12 Byte 7 Byte 1 Byte 6 Byte 6 Byte 2 Byte 4 Byte EtherType 2 Byte Data Cycle Data- Trans FCS Application Data Counter Status Status 1500 Byte 401440 Bytes 2 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 4 Byte

24

Ethernet-Standard Preamble = 7 bytes of fixed value Sync = SFD = Start of Frame Delimiter VLAN = Virtual Local Area Network FCS = Frame Check Sequence (Checksum) ARP = Address Resolution Protocol

Application-specific

HTTP

SNMP

Socket

ARP

TCP / UDP
IEEE EtherType 0x0800

IP
Ethernet
Inter Fr am e Gap 12 Byte Pr eam bel 7 Byte Sync 1 Byte MAC 6 Byte MAC 6 Byte

IEEE EtherType 0x0806

Ether type 2 Byte

VLAN 2 Byte

Ether type 2 Byte

Fr am e ID 2 Byte

Data 40* 1440 Bytes

Cycle Cou n ter 2 Byte

DataStatu s 1 Byte

Tr ans Statu s 1 Byte

FCS 4 Byte

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Addressing

25

ISO/OSI
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)

Address (Port number); e.g. 192.168.1.101:80 IP Address; e.g., 192.168.1.101

MAC Address; e.g., 00-E0-08-33-4E-39

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Network components

26

Device A
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet) Router Router Switch Switch Repeater, Repeater,Hub Hub Gateway Gateway

Device B
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)

IP Address

MAC Address

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Network Components
Routers - IP address
OSI Layer 3 (use IP Address) Can be used for LAN to WAN traffic or subnet to subnet User defined Addresses and Network ID / Subnet IDs using IP Forward in upper S or ms (milliseconds) between networks Routers are the path between local networks

27

7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer (TCP/UDP) 3 Network layer (IP) 2 Data link layer (Ethernet) 1 Physical layer (Ethernet)

Switches - MAC Address


OSI Layer 2 (use Mac Address) Local address (LAN traffic) Address based on hardware and manufacturer Switches Forward in S (microseconds) on the same network

Hubs re-broadcast all traffic

LAN = Local Area Network WAN = Wide Area Network

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Industrial Ethernet Requirement: Environment


28

Office Area

Production and Field Areas

Moderate Temperatures Low Dust burden No moisture Virtually no vibrations Low EMC burden Low mechanical danger Low UV radiation Virtually no chemical danger

Extreme temperatures High dust burden Moisture possible Vibrating Machines High EMC burden Danger of mechanical damage UV burden in outer area Chemical burden from oily or aggressive atmospheres
www.AllThingsPROFINET PICC .com
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Industrial Ethernet Requirements

29

Speed
Sub-millisecond to over 100 milliseconds

Determinism (repeatable message delivery)


Jitter from <1microsecond to 10 milliseconds

Standard Communication

Factory Automation

Motion Control Application

100ms+

10ms+

1-10ms

<1ms

<1ms

<1s

TCP/IP Real-Time IRT

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Shielded vs. Unshielded


Reference measurement
Number of faulty packets

30

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) vs. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Data transfer rate: 100 Mbit/s Bus load 81% Packet length: 346 bytes Duration: 30 s

Result
An UTP cable is totally unsuitable for noisy environment Even noise voltages of 1 kV can lead to a breakdown in communication

800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

692

200 10 2 kV

180

2,5 KV Noise voltage

Shielded TP

UTP Cord

Shielding has nothing to do with the protocol! Its all about your environment
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Shielding
TCP/IP has methods in place to resend telegrams when lost
But the timing is not acceptable for industrial use!

31

There is no such thing as a protocol protection against noise


The need for shielding is independent of the protocol used

Grounding at multiple points is best


If ground loops result, a drain wire can be used PROFINET Installation Guideline has details
If you used shielded cable with DeviceNet or PROFIBUS use shielded cable with Industrial Ethernet as well!
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4 steps to determinism
Switch Port4 Port2 Port1

32

Port1 Controller

Port1

Port2 Port1

Port1

er t e

ic t is n i

or i v a h e B

Motion Control Scheduling (IRT) Device x


Bandwidth Reservation (IRT)

Device y

Device z

High Speed IO

IRT Standard channel channel Cycle 1

Real-time Layer 2 (RT)

HTTP HTTP SNMP SNMP

PROFINET PROFINET
Standard 1 1 data 2 2 Real-time 3 3 Isochr. Real-time RT RT/ IRT

Configuration TCP/IP

IP IP

Ethernet Ethernet

TCP/IP

TCP/UDP TCP/UDP

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PROFINET and TCP/IP


33

PROFINET DOES NOT USE STANDARD TCP/IP

PROFINET uses TCP/IP where it makes sense:


Diagnostics Non time critical data Communicating with higher level IT systems

PROFINET real-time coexists with TCP/IP without restrictions


Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP

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Why not use TCP/IP for real-time? Because its not fast enough and its not deterministic enough. Heres why:
T1 T2 T3
UNWELCOME DELAYS

34

Server Server TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite

Client Client TCP/IP TCP/IP Suite Suite

T5 T4

Data

Ethernet Ethernet

Ethernet Ethernet

Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP

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Ethernet doesnt cause delays


100m
Switched 100Mbps Ethernet Node A

35

100m 64-byte packet


Propagation Node B 0.5 Transm ission 5.12

Node tim e 330

Network

Switch latency 10 Transm ission 5.12 Propagation 0.5

All times in s Source: University of Michigan, Industrial Ethernet Book, Performance Metrics for Industrial Ethernet
Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP

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PROFINET RT (real time)


The device determines which path the telegram takes
Ethernet Frame
InterFrame PreSync MAC MAC EtherVLAN Gap amble type 12 Byte 7 Byte 1 Byte 6 Byte 6 Byte 2 Byte 2 Byte Ether- Frame type ID 2 Byte 2 Byte Data 40*1440 Bytes

36

Cycle Data- Trans FCS Counter Status Status 2 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 4 Byte

RT Data
Ethertype (type of protocol): Ethertype (PN): 0x8892 Ethertype (IP): 0x0800 EtherType (ARP): 0x0806 EtherType (IPV6): 0x86DD
HTTP SNMP Socket PROFINET

TCP / UDP
IEEE EtherType 0x0800

Real-time
Inter Fr am e Gap 12 Byte Pr eam bel 7 Byte Sync 1 Byte MAC 6 Byte MAC 6 Byte

IP
Ethernet

IEEE EtherType 0x8892

Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP


Ether type 2 Byte VLAN 2 Byte Ether type 2 Byte Fr am e ID 2 Byte Data 40* 1440 Bytes Cycle Cou n ter 2 Byte DataStatu s 1 Byte Tr ans Statu s 1 Byte FCS 4 Byte

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When you try to use all layers


Application Layer

37

WEB SNMP Socket

Industrial e.g. Protocols EtherNet/IP

Application Layer

WEB SNMP Socket

Industrial PROFINET Protocols

Transport Layer

TCP / UDP IP Ethernet


IEEE 802.3

Transport Layer

TCP / UDP IP Ethernet


IEEE 802.3

Internet Layer

Internet Layer

Network Access Layer

Network Access Layer

Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP

PROFINET is the enabling factor to achieve Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET speed and determinism PICC
.com

When you try to use all layers


Application Layer

38

WEB SNMP Socket

Industrial e.g. Protocols EtherNet/IP

Application Layer

WEB SNMP Socket

Industrial PROFINET Protocols

Transport Layer

TCP / UDP IP Ethernet


IEEE 802.3

Transport Layer

TCP / UDP IP Ethernet


IEEE 802.3

Internet Layer

Internet Layer

Network Access Layer

Network Access Layer

16 ms Less than 100s Jitter


Source: University of Michigan, Industrial Ethernet Book, Performance Metrics for Industrial Ethernet

8 ms

Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP

PROFINET is the enabling factor to achieve Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET speed and determinism PICC
.com

Bandwidth Reservation for PROFINET IRT


39
IRT = Isochronous Real Time

Communication system scheduling


Exact cycle synchronization Separate time domains for Real-time and non-Real-time
IRT IRT IRT Standard channel Standard channel channel channel channel Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle n

e.g. 1 ms position controller clock cycle


Synchronization

Isochronous (IRT) Data

Real-time (RT) Data

Open standard communication

IRT-Data

RT - Data

TCP/IP-Data

Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time

Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET PICC .com


TCP/IP

Scheduling for PROFINET IRT

40

Every IRT device knows, when data arrives and Switch schedule where to send it
Rec. port 1 1 1 2 3*) 4*) Arrive Frame Departure t1 t2 t3 Frame 1

Switch Port4 Port2 Port1 Port1


Frame 2 1 3

1 2 3 -

t1+t t2+t t3+t -

Dest. port 4 4 2 -

FrameFrame 3 2 1

Controller Port1

Port2 Port1

Port1

Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3

*) 100% free for TCP/IP


Device x Device y Device z

Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP

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Summary

41

PROFINET achieves industry requirements for speed and determinism using standard Ethernet by
Using TCP/IP where appropriate Skipping it when necessary Reserving bandwidth for higher performance Scheduling traffic to ensure motion control needs

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Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller

42

OPC

REAL-TIME IO

Controller Controller Controller

Office Network Firewall

Wireless I/O
XX55

Switch Drives
OPC

SECURITY
HMI

I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley

CE

DeviceNet

INTEGRATES OTHER BUSSES

SAFETY

WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA

Wireless Discrete Sensors

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How do I connect IO? How do I connect IO?


New machine or added to a machine

43

How do I troubleshoot problems?

PLC
PROFINET

I/O
Filling Machine

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Basic steps to PROFINET IO

44

Choose PROFINET Devices and Controller(s)

Obtain GSD Files for Devices

PROFINET GSD

Install GSD files in Engineering Tool Install Devices on the Machine Configure system in Engineering Tool

Configuration in Engineering Tool

Download Project Test and Run

GSD = General Station Description

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PROFINET GSD
Description of device properties in the GSD (General Station Description):

45

Pluggable modules (Number, Type) Configuration data of the module (e.g. analog input) Module parameters (e.g. 4..20mA) PROFINET GSD Diagnosis information (e.g. wire break)

The GSD is XML-based


Creation with any available XML-Editor; e.g., MS XML Notepad Standardized XML method defines the content and format The structure of the GSD corresponds to the ISO 15745 standard
XML = eXtensible Markup Language GSDML = GSD Markup Language

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From Engineering to Data Exchange

46

1 1 2 2 Configuration in Engineering Tool

GSD import and network configuration in the Engineering Tool

Device configuration and download of the system configuration into the Controller Automatic data exchange between 3 3 Controller and Distributed I/O Field Devices

2 1

Controller

GSD
import
3 GSD GSD GSD PROFINET

Distributed I/O Field Devices

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Device Naming and Addressing in Tool


Device Names are defined in the Engineering System Engineering System is used to configure IP addresses Names are downloaded to the devices (using PROFINET DCP) Engineering System
DCP PROFINET

47

IO Controller

Device Device Labeler Filler All PROFINET devices have a Device Name and an IP Address
DCP = Discovery and Configuration Protocol

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Address Assignment: System Start up

48

Controller broadcasts Name of device to the network Device responds back with MAC address Controller assigns IP-Address to device using PROFINET DCP protocol IO Controller

Who is Device Filler? IO Device Its me! I am Device Filler! My MAC Address is: 91-09-83-5B-03-09

IO Devices

DCP = Discovery and Configuration Protocol

IO Controller OK! Found you Device Filler! Here is your configured IP Address Chile 192.168.0.10
PICC

Address Assignment: Benefit

49

DHCP can be used, but


IP Addresses are bound to MAC Reliance on available Server Software Tools required for device replacement Dynamic Addresses??

IO Controller

DCP offers

Naming schema like DHCP Simple device replacement without tools like Engineering station Static IP Addresses based on Engineering DHCP = Dynamic Host configuration Configuration Protocol
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IO Devices

Real-Time Data Transmission

50

HTTP HTTP SNMP SNMP

PROFINET PROFINET
1 1 Standard data Real-time data Real-time

TCP/UDP TCP/UDP IP IP Ethernet Ethernet


2 2

IO Controller

1 1

Startup

IO Device

RT RT

2 2 IO Data

1 1 2 2

Communication is established over TCP/UDP IP Process data is transmitted via the Real Time Channel
For example, 13 64 nodes in 1ms, 20 Bytes In, 20 Bytes Out
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Insert a PROFINET IO Device

51

Installed GSD Files in Engineering Tool Catalog

Add the PN IO device and IO modules

Place new IO modules here

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Setup a PROFINET IO Device


Configure PROFINET Device Name

52

Configure (optional) device properties and settings like update time and module parameters

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Assigning Names f/PN IO Devices

53

1. Select Device Name 3. Assign name to Device from configuration tool

2. Select Device

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Run the PROFINET IO Controller

54

Assign Controller IP Address with Engineering Software Download Configuration and program to PROFINET IO Controller

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We have an issue with our robots

55

How to expedite Ethernet at power on of our robots?


When changing a robots tooling, it takes too long to boot up at power on Ethernet typically does some negotiation before it can be up and running, until

Robot Application

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PROFINET Fast Startup


Main Control CPU End of Arm Tooling

56

Tool Model A
Robot Controller Tool Docking system

Tool Model B
Robot

Tool Model C
PROFINET IO CP 1616 I/O Flexible Robot Cell must connect to End of Arm Tooling based upon Work in Process

After power on, startup times of 500ms or less can be achieved using PROFINET Fast Startup

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PROFINET Shared Device


PROFINET offers shared device functionality
Two Controllers can access the same device Flexible assignment of modules to different controllers
IO controller 1 IO controller 2

57

PROFINET

Shared IO Device

Shared device results in reduced costs, simplified architectures, Chile can save on cabinet space, allowing optimized solutions PICC

One more feature: Shared Device


We are adding another controller. Do we need to buy a new IO device? No, we can achieve flexible scalability using the shared device feature of PROFINET For example:
We want to add some more functionality to the project (for example: safety) without buying new IO devices The existing controller is standard IO, so all we need to do is to add a safety controller sharing the same IO devices Safe IO modules can be added as needed to the existing devices

58

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PROFINET Device Diagnostics

59

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The ISO/OSI Communications Model


Where Diagnostics fit in
Layer 7

60

Application

Application Layer Diagnostics (For Example: PROFINET)


Provides PROFINET device specific diagnostics (module unplugged, wire break, etc.)

Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1

TCP/UDP IP Ethernet

Transport Oriented Layers Diagnostics (For Example: SNMP, Ping)


Provides information about TCP,UDP,IP,Ethernet (link down, bandwidth, statistics, connections, etc.)

Ethernet based systems can provide diagnostics on the Transport oriented layers (lower level) as well as Application based diagnostics (higher level). Picking the right protocol is important if you want a complete set of diagnostic capabilities. Chile PICC

Device Diagnostic Information


Logical model provides quick error localization Diagnostic information is structured hierarchically
>>>>> Station name >>>> Slot >>> Channel >> Channel type > Error information Slot: Slot: Failure Failure in in Module Module Station: Station: Failure Failure in in Device Device
(e.g. (e.g. Valve Valve Station Station 2) 2)

61

(e.g. (e.g. Analog Analog Input Input Slot Slot 3) 3)

Network Network diagnosis: diagnosis:


IP-Address, IP-Address, Ping Ping Location, Statistic Location, Statistic

Slot 0

Slot 1

Slot 2 Slot 3
Channel 2

Slot 4

Slot 5

Slot 6

Channel: Channel: Failure Failure in in Channel Channel


SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol (e.g. (e.g. Cable Cable Break Break in in Channel Channel 2) 2)

Chile PICC

Diagnostic Information

62

Examples of Diagnostic Information


The device monitors the Output Channels in order to discover a wire break (no current is flowing although the output is set to 1) An analog Input has a range of 0..10V An input voltage of 12V is detected and reported as overvoltage.
Diagnostic Information is not only PROFINET related, but also helps in the application.
Chile PICC

Configuring Diagnostic Information

63

Choose in the Engineering System what diagnostics to report for the modules

Chile PICC

Access to Diagnostics
Diagnostics in the PLC
1 IO Device sends diagnostic to the IO Controller Reaction to the failure directly in the PLC 2 1
IO Supervisor / HMI

64

IO Controller

Diagnostics to PC and HMI


2 IO Supervisor reads diagnostics directly from IO Devices Visualization of failures on HMI / PC system Diagnostics information stored and archived for analysis
IO Device

Diagnostic information is there where it is needed

Chile PICC

Other devices can provide diagnostics

65

Also, other PROFINET network components can provide diagnostic information IO Controller For example:
IO Controllers Switches Proxies

PC

Switch

IO Device

HMI

Chile PICC

Diagnostics and Switches


IO Controller IO Controller

66

2 IO Device 3

Diagnostic Error

Device Unreachable!

IO Device 1
l l

IO Device 2
l l l l

IO Device 1

IO Device 2

Network is operating normally The switch passes the PROFINET Diagnostic from the IO Device to the IO Controller The switch could be optionally configured as a PROFINET IO device

Network Failure! Switch is configured as a PROFINET IO Device (GSD) Switch reports Network failure as PROFINET Diagnostic to the IO Controller (1) Additional SNMP channel for Standard Information (2) more later

Chile PICC

Real-time I/O: Ethernet Networks Comparison


67

System Communication Model Real-time Protocol Layer Application Protocol Transmission Type Safety Wireless Fast Start Up Shared Device Simple Device Replacement Energy Management

PROFINET ProviderConsumer IEEE 802.3 (Layer 2) IEC 61158 Unicast Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
www.us.profinet.com

EtherNet/IP Modbus TCP ProviderConsumer UDP/IP (Layer 4) IEC 61158 Multicast Yes Yes (with caution) Yes No No No ClientServer TCP/IP (Layer 4) IEC 61158 Unicast No Yes No No No No
Chile67 PICC

Connecting IO

68

PROFINET IO is easy to connect


Its a lot like PROFIBUS!

Device diagnostics are built in


Making it easy to troubleshoot using an engineering tool or even just an HMI screen

Chile PICC

Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller

69

OPC

REAL-TIME IO

Controller Controller Controller

Office Network Firewall

Wireless I/O
XX55

Switch Drives
OPC

SECURITY
HMI

I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley

CE

DeviceNet

INTEGRATES OTHER BUSSES

SAFETY

WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA

Wireless Discrete Sensors

Chile PICC

How do I connect legacy networks?

70

My installed base includes


PROFIBUS DeviceNet

How do I integrate them into my Industrial Ethernet network?

Chile PICC

Integrate Legacy Networks to PROFINET

71

Our existing conveyor is using DeviceNet. How do we connect it to PROFINET?


Controller

PROFINET

PROFINET Data Proxy

Device Net

Device Net Data

DeviceNet

Solution: Use PROFINET Proxies!


Chile PICC

About PROFINET Proxies

72

Proxies are like gateways in that they connect disparate networks, BUT unlike gateways they are defined in the PROFINET spec, so data mapping is always the same.
Controller

XX55 CE

Allen-Bradley

IO-Link

PROFIBUS PA

FF

DeviceNet

PROFIBUS DP

AS-i

also Interbus, HART, CC-Link, Modbus

Chile PICC

How proxies work


Proxy - Ethernet side:
Proxy is PROFINET device on Ethernet Proxy represents all PROFIBUS components on Ethernet Transfer of PROFIBUS slave data into a PROFINET protocol

73

Proxy - PROFIBUS side:


Proxy is DP-Master on PROFIBUS Cyclic data exchange between DP master and slaves
PLC

PROFINET Communication

Proxy

PROFIBUS Communication

Chile PICC

Demo: PROFINET Proxies How to integrate a legacy fieldbus device by using a Proxy?
By using a HMS Anybus Proxy
Configuration of Proxy in Engineering Tool Adding IO Modules for Proxy Verify and assign the PROFINET Device names Download configuration Browse the network to check that controller assigned the configured IP address to the device

74

Chile PICC

Connect a Legacy fieldbus

75

Proxy PROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA AS-interface IO-Link DeviceNet Foundation Fieldbus CANopen Modbus HART

PROFINET Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

EtherNet/IP* N N N gateway CIP N N N N

Modbus TCP* N N N N N N N Y N

*3rd party gateways may be available

Chile PICC

Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller

76

OPC

REAL-TIME IO

Controller Controller Controller

Office Network Firewall

Wireless I/O
XX55

Switch Drives
OPC

SECURITY
HMI

I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley

CE

DeviceNet

INTEGRATES OTHER BUSSES

SAFETY

WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA

Wireless Discrete Sensors

Chile PICC

PROFINET: Factory Process

77

Just as PROFIBUS was extended from factory to process so has PROFINET

PROFINET Discrete Process

Chile PICC

What is Process Automation?


Process Automation differs from Manufacturing Automation Change of Process Signals is typically slower Cycle times ~100ms Reliability of the system is typically higher 24/7 Changes on site while the system is in production Actuators and Sensors are more complex Remote I/O collecting analog and binary signals P/DP/Flow/Temperature transmitters Analytical devices Positioners Drives Typically up to 100,000 I/O signals

78

Chile PICC

DCS Requirements

79

PI created a working group: DCS Requirements on PROFINET In summary about 170 requirements were developed: Main Topics
Redundancy Time stamping and synchronization for Sequence of Events Configuration in Run Fieldbus integration

Others
Field device integration (FDI) Cyclic and acyclic data exchange Diagnostics and asset management Profiles Electromechanics Security
Chile PICC

DCS requirements
Chairmen
Bjrn Mller Bernd Wansner SIEMENS ABB Automation GmbH

80

Active Members
Volker Gssler Dr. Jrg Hhniche Trygve Harvei Frank Iwanitz Jens Schmidt Ito Hiroki Michael Jankowiak Stahl E&H ABB Corporate Research Softing P&F YOKOGAWA Emerson Process

PROFINET Core Team (specification)


ABB, Bosch Rexroth, GE Intelligent Platforms, Hirschmann, Phoenix Contact, Siemens, Softing

Chile PICC

DCS WG results

81

Requirements implemented by
Updating specification Adding Process Profile

Status
Specification and Profile: COMPLETED Products: Check your vendor

Chile PICC

PROFINET for Process Automation


Fieldbus integration
DCS
PROFIBUS DP

82

Configuration in Run (CiR)


DCS

Remote I/O PROFIBUS PA PROFINET

Proxy

HART FF H1

Time sync / stamping


System Master Clock

Scalable Redundancy
Redundant Controller Primary Backup

Controller 1

Controller 2
Backup Clock Master

Controller 3

Redundant Network

Proxy Device with redundant connectivity Device with singular connectivity

Device

Device

Chile PICC

Fieldbus Integration
Fieldbus integration
DCS
PROFIBUS DP

83

Proxy specifications for process buses


PROFIBUS PA HART Foundation Fieldbus

PROFIBUS PA

PROFINET

HART FF H1

Proxy specifications for discrete buses


PROFIBUS DP DeviceNet Interbus CANopen AS-interface IO-Link

Chile PICC

Configuration in Run
Bumpless change of configuration in terms of adding, removing, and exchanging devices, modules, and submodules Changing parameters of devices, modules and submodules in run

84

Configuration in Run (CiR)


DCS

Remote I/O

Proxy

Chile PICC

Scalable Redundancy
Scalable Redundancy
Redundant Controller

85

Levels of redundancy
Network Controller Device

Primary

Backup

Redundant Network

Requirements

Independent The different redundancy levels can be used independently. Recovery time

Device with redundant connectivity

Device with singular connectivity

Speed of failover detection and actual failover to be fast enough in order to maintain the process in operation. The recovery is bumpless which means, that the measurement values can be frozen. 500ms is max. failover time.

Diagnosis
For all redundant elements it is possible to detect any single failure of any redundant element.

Transparency
Applications like control schemes do not need to know or care about any level of redundancy.
Chile PICC

Network Redundancy
Redundancy on Network, Controller, and Device Level
Recovery time up to 300ms using PROFINET MRP Ring Topology

86

OR
Recovery time in seconds using RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) for mesh networks

PROFINET MRP for Ring Topology

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol for mesh networks Chile


PICC

Controller Redundancy

87

Host/Controller Link Is vendor-specific

Chile PICC

Device Redundancy

88

NAP = Network Access Point Red. NAP = Redundant Network Access Point IOC = IO Controller

Chile PICC

Controller & Device Redundancy

89

Chile PICC

Time synchronization / time stamping Time stamping required for:


Binary data for Sequence of Events
Accuracy of 1ms required

90

Analog values for Trend Displays Alarms Diagnostic information

Time synchronization protocols


IEEE 1588 for very high accuracy (<1ms) e.g. for power plants NTP and RFC 1305 for high accuracy (<10ms)

Chile PICC

PROFINET in Process
Engineering Station / OS

91

DCS/ AS PROFINET
Drives Positioners PN/PA link Motor starter

Diagnosis & Commissioning

PROFIBUS DP RS 485iS max. 1.5Mbit/s in Ex

FF

PROFIBUS PA 31.25kbit/s
Positioners Level Temperature Flow Pressure

ET 200iSP Classic I/O & HART

Transparent access to diagnostic and commissioning data

Chile PICC

Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller

92

OPC

REAL-TIME IO

Controller Controller Controller

Office Network Firewall

Wireless I/O
XX55

Switch Drives
OPC

SECURITY
HMI

I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley

CE

DeviceNet

INTEGRATES OTHER BUSSES

SAFETY

WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA

Wireless Discrete Sensors

Chile PICC

How do I integrate machines?


We have to integrate machines obtained from different companies Machines are Best-in-Class
Each machinery maker insists on using his standard control hardware

93

Multiple Control Vendors Multiple Control Platforms Multiple Fieldbuses

Chile PICC

Machine to Machine: Options for data transfer


94

Hard wiring
hard wire machines together complexity increases with system very small amounts of data, bits and bytes
CPU1

Hard wiring
CPU2

TCP/IP (or proprietary) communications


some devices support native TCP or proprietary comms must be programmed in the controllers transmission of large amounts of acyclic (half duplex) data
CPU1

TCP/IP and proprietary


CPU2

PROFINET CBA (Component Based Automation)


component-oriented system uses machine objects configuration in a simple graphical way transmission of small or large amounts of data (TCP, RT)
CPU1

PROFINET CBA
CPU2

PROFINET IO with I-Device


direct IO access in user application CPU is both IO Device and Controller simultaneously transmission of cyclic data (RT, IRT)
CPU1

PROFINET IO with I-Device


CPU2

Chile PICC

Hard Wiring

How do I integrate machines?

95

If just discrete IO, hard wire, but could get ugly

OR
Chile PICC

TCP/IP Proprietary

How do I integrate machines?

96

If complex data, TCP/IP can be used but also can get complex
Programmed Communication Define data areas for sending and receiving Configure the communications - ID Program communication in PLC program Initialize communications

Were confused with this TCP program?!

Keep in mind TCP limiting factors: Client / Server model (half duplex) Programming / Handshaking Higher jitter and delays

Setup handshake between PLCs Implement diagnostics and connection status Download software in the PLCs

OR
Chile PICC

www.us.profinet.com

TCP/IP

PROFINET CBA

How do I integrate machines?

97

If complex data, use CBA for simpler, configured communications


Configured Communication Define data interface Create component Graphically Link the components Download Interconnections in the PLCs

PROFINET CBA
Labeling

PROFINET CBA: Producer / Consumer Model Configured Communications Can support small or large amounts of data Supports RT, TCP

Enable Start Stop

On Stopped Running Overflow Diagnosis

Chile CBA = Component Based PICC Automation

CBA & IO

CBA and IO

98

Packaging
Start Stop Up Down State_1 State_2 Ready Running

PROFINET CBA
Start Stop Up

Labeling
State_1 State_2 Ready Running

Down

PROFINET

PROFIBUS

PROFINET IO

Chile PICC

PROFINET CBA

How to use PROFINET CBA

99

For interconnecting machines from different vendors: Different automation suppliers and programming tools For peer to peer data exchange Ex for sending Interlocks Inputs and Outputs can be bits, bytes, words, strings, structures, arrays,

Filling

Packaging

Labeling

Start next Slow Down

Start Overflow

Start next Deliver

Start Empty
Chile PICC

PROFINET CBA

PROFINET Components

100

Hardware Labeling

PLC Program
Enable Start Stop On Stopped Running Overflow Diagnosis

Component
Labeling
Enable Start Stop On Stopped Running Overflow Diagnosis

PCD

Inputs

Outputs

From the hardware to a PROFINET Component:


PROFINET defines an Interface which encapsulates the Component The Interface can be accessed using standardized procedures To interconnect components no knowledge of the user program is needed Inputs and Outputs can be bits, bytes, words, strings, structures, arrays

PCD = PROFINET Component Description


Chile PICC

PROFINET CBA

Where does the component reside?

101

Example of CBA proxy communication

Labeling
Enable Start Stop On Stopped Running Overflow Diagnosis

between PROFIBUS and PROFINET Data is copied between the networks

PLC

PROFINET

PROFINET Data

PROFINET Data

PROFINET

DP Master

DP-Slave Data

DP-Slave Data

Proxy

PROFIBUS

Handling Robot
Enable Start Stop On Stopped Running Ready Diagnosis

Chile PICC

PROFINET CBA

Plant-wide Engineering Interface

102

Packaging
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics

Enable Start Stop

Labeling
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics

Enable Start Stop

1 Filling
Enable Start Stop

On Stopped Running Overflow Diagnosis

Chile PICC

PROFINET CBA

Flexible Reconfiguration of Data Exchange


103

2
Enable Start Stop

Packaging
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics

Labeling
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics

Enable Start Stop

Filling
On Stopped Running Ready Diagnostics

Enable Start Stop

Chile PICC

PROFINET CBA

System-wide Communication

104

Download connections to the devices PROFINET

Filling

Packaging

Labeling

Automatic setup of device communication


Chile PICC

PROFINET IO I-Device

How do I integrate machines?


IO controller 1 CPU1

105

An IO controller can also be operated as an IO device With IO controller functionality on the same interface

PROFINET

IO device 1 Controller-Controller communication with simple IO access, without TCP/IP telegrams or proprietary methods Allow local controllers in a modular architecture to communicate to a higher level station (main controller)
CPU2

I-Device

IO controller 2

IO device 2

I-Device simple and fast solution

Simple and familiar IO interfacing of CPUs Interfacing of CPUs in different projects Integration among different controllers (manufacturers) Transmission of cyclic data (RT, IRT) Chile PICC

CBA Application: Ford


Automotive Transmission Assembly; Van Dyke, MI Challenges: n Deterministic performance of Peer to Peer network communications n Coexistence with Ford IT applications n Standard data exchange Implementation: n 13 Conveyor Zones CPUs + 70 Distributed Assembly Station CPUs
6 Speed FWD

106

Chile PICC

CBA Application: Ford

107

Chile PICC

CBA Application: Ford


SIMATIC iMAP

108

CPU317-2 PN/DP

Reusability of components and graphical configurations of PEER to Chile PEER communications reduced the engineering time by 15% PICC

Q: How do I integrate machines?


A: The old, hard way
Hard wiring Custom programming

109

A: The new, easy, PROFINET way


CBA I-Device

Chile PICC

Industrial Ethernet Functionality


Motion control comparison: Modbus TCP is left out of this table as they do not support motion control.

110

Technology Architecture IEEE 802.3 compliant Deterministic Synchronized Peer-to-Peer TCP/IP traffic Throughput IEEE 1588 Automatic Timing Calculation

PROFINET Open System (simultaneous TCP) Yes Yes, Transparent clock < 1s jitter calculated jitter Yes Yes 150 Axes/1ms 35 Axes/250 s IEEE 1588v2 Built into PROFINET chips Yes

EtherNet/IP Open System (simultaneous TCP) Yes No, Boundary clocks Accumulating jitter Yes Yes, with caution 30 Axes/1ms IEEE 1588 Special switches needed No
Chile PICC

Motion Control
Motion Control Precise synchronization of IO

111

Using PROFINET Industrial Ethernet for motion control,


IO, and regular TCP/IP traffic

Motion Control

Packaging Machine

Chile PICC

Architecture
MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTEGRATION MOTION CONTROL VERTICAL INTEGRATION
Controller

112

OPC

REAL-TIME IO

Controller Controller Controller

Office Network Firewall

Wireless I/O
XX55

Switch Drives
OPC

SECURITY
HMI

I/O Proxy
Allen-Bradley

CE

DeviceNet

INTEGRATES OTHER BUSSES

SAFETY

WSAN Gateway
AS-interface PROFIBUS PA

Wireless Discrete Sensors

Chile PICC

The Network
Just what kind of infrastructure do we need anyway? How can we maintain the network and ensure high reliability? Do we need to worry about network security?

113

Chile PICC

The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security

114

Infrastructure Chile PICC

The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security

115

Infrastructure Chile PICC

Which Switch for PROFINET?


Feature Managed vs. Unmanaged Quality of Service (QOS) Trunking VLAN Port Mirroring Description Managed switches offer advanced features Prioritize frames according IEEE 802.1p/q Increase bandwidth Isolates traffic of different network sections Helps to monitor traffic of a device

116

Used in PROFINET? Both can be used recommended Useful Useful Useful

Internet Group Management Reduces Multicast flooding Protocol (IGMP) Snooping

Not needed

Only switch requirement for PROFINET is 100Mbit/s, full duplex

Chile PICC

Switch Types

117

Unmanaged switches These switches have no configuration interface or options. Managed switches These are ones which allow access to one or more interfaces for the purpose of configuration and diagnostics.

Chile PICC

Quality of Service (QoS) - Priority

118

IEEE 802.1p enables traffic priority (QoS) on layer 2 switches using Ethernet VLAN Tag

D Receiver

Switch

B Sender HIGH Priority Message!

A Sender

C Sender

Without QoS
the switch will forward data in the order it receives it first in, first out (Standard Store and Forward with frame check)

With QoS
the switch will forward based on a priority field in the Ethernet frame (highest priority frame is then sent first)
Chile PICC

Things you need to know


Why is Multicast an issue?
Multicast is a mechanism to distribute a single information to multiple receivers All switches in the network have to support specific features (IGMP snooping) to keep multicast under control Without IGMP snooping Multicast floods the network the business/office network, too!

119

Source (PLC)

switch

Target (I/O)

Multicast

Source (PLC)

switch

PROFINET uses Unicast messages

Target (I/O)

Unicast
PROFINET

Chile PICC

Things you need to know about Multicasting and switches

120

If you use multicast based protocols like EtherNet/IP, SPECIAL SWITCHES MOI? IGMP Snooping is a must Only managed switches offer this feature No low cost devices! Extra configuration steps? Risk of Network flood

Chile PICC

The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security

121

Infrastructure Chile PICC

Topology

122

Chile PICC

Topology

123

Chile PICC

Suggested Topologies

124

Engineering Station

Peer-to-Peer

HMI

Line architecture

max. 10 switches with 1ms update time

Tree architecture

Chile PICC

What you should keep in mind

125

PC (unknown traffic)

! !
Jitter / Delays > 10 switches > 1ms update time

!
HMI Panel (unknown traffic!)

!
Vision system (unknown traffic!) video stream

Chile PICC

Topology Tips
Keep cyclic I/O traffic local
Real-time I/O should be in the same subnet as the controller

126

Routers between Controllers are possible with CBA


But they will introduce delays

Chile PICC

PROFINET networks: Ring Topology PROFINET supports the ring topology for high availability (redundancy)
For example, if a cable or device fails, then the system will automatically segment itself to a line topology keeping the rest of the system active

127

Chile PICC

The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security

128

Infrastructure Chile PICC

Redundancy Office Requirements


Spanning Tree Rapid Spanning Tree

129

Industrial Requirements
Media Redundancy Protocol IRT Media Redundancy

Recovery Time

Chile PICC

Spanning Tree & Rapid Spanning Tree

130

Media redundancy through loop formation Detection and breakup of loops Reconfiguration time Note:

Spanning Tree: protocol- & timer-based minutes Rapid Spanning Tree: event-controlled seconds STP and RSTP assume structured cabling, in which there are never more than 8 switches between terminals. RSTP is downward-compatible to STP; an STP network component in the network forces STP throughout the entire network.

Chile PICC

Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP)


Media Redundancy Manager (MRM) sends test frames to check ring network If MRM does not receive its own test frame = network failure! MRM informs Media Redundancy Clients about network failure The network is segmented back to a working line configuration by the MRM Network continues to operate until failure is repaired

131

Media Redundancy Manager

Media Redundancy Clients

failure

Chile With MRP recovery time drops to <300ms for 50 switches www.AllThingsPROFINET

.com

PICC

IRT media redundancy


Bumpless Redundancy Devices send telegrams through both redundancy ports All transmitting nodes forward telegrams but do not learn addresses Receiver does not forward frames Receiver checks for most recent frame and uses that information In case of failure a frame will still arrive to the receiver All Nodes in ring must support this feature
failure Media Redundancy Manager

132

Receiver

Sender

Chile Data is still there in case of a failure! Zero recovery time! www.AllThingsPROFINET

.com

PICC

Real-time I/O Topology Comparison

133

System

PROFINET

EtherNet/IP Tree, Star preferred, Line with restrictions No

Modbus TCP

Topologies supported

Tree, Star, Ring, Line

Tree, Star

Bumpless Redundancy

Yes

No

Chile PICC

The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security

134

Infrastructure Chile PICC

ISO/OSI Model: Where Diagnostics fit in


135

Layer 7

Application

Application Layer Diagnostics (For Example: PROFINET)


Provides PROFINET device specific diagnostics (module unplugged, wire break, etc.)

Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1

TCP/UDP IP Ethernet

Transport Oriented Layers Diagnostics (For Example: SNMP, Ping)


Provides information about TCP,UDP,IP,Ethernet (link down, bandwidth, statistics, connections, etc.)

Ethernet based systems can provide diagnostics on the Transport oriented layers (lower level) as well as Application based diagnostics (higher level). Picking the right protocol is important if you want a complete set of diagnostic capabilities. Chile PICC

IT Standards f/PROFINET Network Mngmnt


136

Benefit Web access to devices for configuration / diagnostics Standard tools for reading statistics and diagnostics Mapping the network topology and simple device replacement

Protocol

Description Hyper Text Transfer Protocol for Web services and browsing Simple Network Management Protocol for network diagnostics Link Layer Discovery Protocol, IEEE 802.1AB

HTTP

SNMP

LLDP

Chile PROFINET leverages standard Ethernet protocols www.AllThingsPROFINET

.com

PICC

Network Mngmnt Using Browsers

137

A device with an integrated web server provides easy access to diagnostics from a web browser even over the Internet A standard Internet browser can read out information and configure a device locally or at a remote site Diagnostics and information about the current status of the device can be viewed

IO Controllers (PLC), Proxies, Switches, Devices can have Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET web diagnostics implemented PICC
.com

Network Management Using SNMP


PROFINET uses SNMP

138

PROFINET uses standard MIBs (Management Information Base MIB-II, LLDP Discovery MIB) This MIB-II contains information about device name, IP address, location, status and statistics (examples include CRC errors, port status, bandwidth utilization,

Management Station

Data transfer Data request

MIB

MIB
Name IP Address Location Status Statistics

SNMP Software

Name IP Address Location Status Statistics

IO-Device

Chile www.AllThingsPROFINET PICC .com

IO-Device

LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol)

139

The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a vendor-independent protocol and independent of the network structure. Via LLDP, connected devices specify their identity and properties to their neighbors cyclically every few seconds.
ports, names, transmission rates, etc.

The information is stored in a local table (LLDP Discovery MIB) Benefits of using LLDP include
topology Information can later be read out with SNMP from the LLDP Discovery MIB ...simple device replacement can be achieved
Example LLDP Table:
Discovery MIB - Switch Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 - Empty I/O 2 Port 2 IO Device I/O 3 Port 1 IO Device PLC Port 1 IO Controller I/O 1 Port 2 IO Device

Chile PICC

Using Network Topology Info


Reading the topology and monitoring the network using SNMP
failure

140

PLC

Configuration tool reads LLDP topology info from devices

Switch

Reading Diagnostics
Status
OK Maintenance request Maintenance requirement STOP or fault or communication error

Color
Light green Yellow Orange Red Gray

I/O 1

I/O 2

I/O 3

I/O 4

Port Disabled (deactivated)

Chile PICC

Simple Device Replacement


Simple Device Replacement
I/0 3 are you there? Found OK, Ill you try this. Switch.P4! Is Switch.P4 Let me there? set your Hmmm.. device (The device nameconnected again to I/0 to 3! port 4?) No answer!
IO Controller

141

Hello I am the switch! You are connected to my port 4! Switch.P4


Switch

P1

P5
LLDP

P2 P3

P4

1. Device I/O 3 fails 2. Device is replaced with new MAC address and empty name 3. Devices exchange LLDP 4. The neighbor sends a LLDP alias name to new device 5. Controller finds new device using DCP and LLDP alias name 6. Device addressed with DCP Set name from controller 7. IO Controller starts device and system is back online

I/O 1

I/O 2

I/O 3 LLDP Alias Name Switch.P4

I/O 4

Chile PICC

PROFINET Simple Device Replacement

142

Setting up PROFINET Simple Device Replacement in Engineering Tool

Chile PICC

Demo: Simple Device Replacement

143

How to replace a PROFINET device which has failed without a engineering tool?
Devices without memory card
Using the PROFINET simple device replacement feature
Our Phoenix Contact Device failed and does not have a memory card. We need to replace it with a new device with empty device settings.

Devices with memory card


Transfer memory card to keep existing device name

Chile PICC

Demo: Network Diagnostics How do I diagnose a PROFINET IO network?

144

By utilizing SNMP to read information from the device ports

Chile PICC

PROFINET Diagnostics using SNMP

145

Reading SNMP info from device ports

Chile PICC

Ethernet Sniffer
Monitor, decode and analyze Ethernet traffic using an Ethernet sniffer Wireshark is available for free on the Internet at www.wireshark.org Many Ethernet protocols supported
PROFINET IO since version 0.10.8 PROFINET CBA since version 0.10.9

146

Monitor

Chile PICC

Network Analysis with Wireshark

147

DCP (Discovery and Configuration Protocol)

Connect Request Parameterization

Real-Time I/O

Chile PICC

The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security

148

Infrastructure Chile PICC

PROFINET Installation Guide Network components Network structures Installation Wiring


Plugs Cables

149

Installation hints

Chile PICC

The Network Switch Selection Topology Redundancy Network Management Installation Security

150

Infrastructure Chile PICC

Security Zones

151

Security zone
Communication based on trust within zone Trusted networks should be able to talk with each other Perimeter defense

Local Security measures


E.g. Locked Ethernet ports, Networking equipment in cabinets
Firewall

Trusted Network

Chile PICC

Industrial Ethernet Capability Matrix

152

TCP/IP

Modbus TCP EtherNet/IP EtherCAT PROFINET

Controller-to-Controller (Peer-to-Peer)

Open Network

Motion

Real-time

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Industrial Ethernet Functionality


Technology Ethernet IO Motion Control CBA Network Installation Guide Safety Security Guideline Buses integrated Y = shipping N = no plans known PROFINET Ethernet/IP Modbus TCP

153

Y Y Y Y Y Y
many*

Y Y N Y Y N
DeviceNet ControlNet

Y N N Y N N
Modbus
source: organization websites

*Available= PROFIBUS DP, PROFIBUS PA, Interbus, DeviceNet, Serial, Modbus, AS-i, HART, IO-Link, FF Chile Planned= CC-Link, more www.us.profinet.com

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Industrial Ethernet Functionality


Technology
Communication Model

154

PROFINET
ProviderConsumer IEEE 802.3 (Layer 2) primary, UDP/IP option, TCP/IP option ++ (low) IEC 61158 Unicast primary, Multicast optional Yes 100Mbit /s, full duplex for IO traffic Automatic w/ PN DCP DHCP optional

EtherNet/IP
ProviderConsumer

Modbus TCP
ClientServer

Real-time Protocol Options Jitter with IO Protocol Standard Transmission Type COTS switch possible?

UDP/IP (Layer 4)

TCP/IP (Layer 4)

- (high) IEC 61158 Multicast primary, Limited Unicast Not recommended Full Duplex IGMP Snooping, One IGMP Query, Wire speed For IO traffic DHCP and Managed

-- (higher) IEC 61158 Unicast only Yes

Switch requirements

No special requirements

IP Address Assignment

DHCP and Managed

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Industrial Ethernet Functionality


Technology
Device Names Simple Device Replacement

155

PROFINET
Mandatory

EtherNet/IP
Optional No, DHCP Option 82 Managed, Need special switch/server with DHCP Option 82 support

Modbus TCP
Optional

Yes, no tools, support in all devices

No

Network Management

(DCP, DHCP option, SNMP, LLDP, topology, options, naming concept, comprehensive diagnostics) Yes, Application and Network Yes Yes, returns all PROFINET Devices and information

(DHCP, bootP, DHCP option 82, SNMP loop holes, vendor specific, limited network diagnostics, special switches very likely)

(limited to IT tools, SNMP loop holes, vendor specific, no built in network functions) No No Limited to IT or vendor tools no common tool

Comprehensive Diagnostics Diagnostics IO Status Diagnostics Network Browser (can find IP or naming issues)

No No, IO only Limited to IT or vendor tools no common tool

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Industrial Ethernet Functionality


Technology
Diagnostics Topology SNMP loop holes Energy Management (PROFIenergy) Safety Fast Start Up Wireless Performance Automatic Timing Calculation

156

PROFINET
Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes, IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth ++ Yes Many,
including non PI networks (PROFIBUS, Interbus, ASI, DeviceNet, Foundation Fieldbus, Modbus, Hart, etc.)

EtherNet/IP
No Yes No Yes Yes Yes, IEEE 802.11 (with caution when using multicast) No

Modbus TCP
No Yes No No No Yes -No

Fieldbus Integration

CompoNet, DeviceNet, ControlNet, Modbus TCP

Modbus

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Industrial Ethernet Functionality


Technology
Media (Network) Redundancy

157

PROFINET
Yes SP, RSP, PN MRP, bumpless IRT, vendor specific Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes with CBA, IDevice, PN/PN Couplers, TCP/UDP option for programmed communication

EtherNet/IP
Yes SP, RSP, DLR, vendor specific No Not on EtherNet/IP,
Only with additional ODVA networks and hardware

Modbus TCP
Yes SP, RSP, vendor specific No No No No No

Bumpless Redundancy Controller Redundancy Device Redundancy Vertical Integration Devices can report maintenance information

No No No

Peer to Peer communications

Yes only TCP/IP, programmed communication

Yes only TCP/IP, programmed communication

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Industrial Ethernet Functionality


Technology
Component Based Automation Allows Graphical configuration of communications Multi-vendor, Multi-network, Peer to Peer PROFINET for PA
(Process Automation)

158

PROFINET

EtherNet/IP

Modbus TCP

Yes

No

No

Yes, with PN CBA

No

No

Yes Yes Yes

No No No

No No No

Shared Device iPar


(optional parameter server)

TCI Tool Calling Interface


(allows vendor tools to be entered from the PROFINET configuration / engineering tool)

Yes

No

No

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Dont fence me in

159

Dont settle for an 80% solution Eventually you will need more
Motion Control Process Instrument Safety over the bus Connectivity to a production system

And that will require:


New bus New software $ New training

Sostart with the 100% solution

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PROFINET - dont get fenced in


Start with PROFINET
Virtually unlimited address space Lots of bandwidth Standard wireless Future-proof leveraging of Ethernet Connectivity upwards Connectivity peer-to-peer Connect directly to IO

160

For specialized needs:


Unusual device: PROFIBUS to PROFINET Intelligent sensor: IO-Link to PROFINET Simple sensor: AS-i to PROFINET Process instrument: PROFIBUS PA (or FF) to PROFINET Wireless process instrument: WirelessHART to PROFINET Wireless discrete sensor: PI WSAN to PROFINET Legacy fieldbus: Proxy to PROFINET Legacy instrument: HART to PROFINET
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