Fig.
2: VELOCIDAD LETAL EN FUNCIN DEL TIEMPO PARA HALLAR EL F 0 (EL REA BAJO LA CURVA)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
t (min)
60
70
80
90
100
PROBLEMA: Se esteriliza una salsa de tomate en el autoclave.
Tiempo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
t
(min)
0
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
70
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
90
T
Retorta
TR
(C)
20.0
82.5
94.4
104.6
114.1
115.9
116.1
116.1
115.5
114.9
114.6
114.7
114.6
114.7
115.2
115.4
115.5
115.5
115.6
115.5
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.2
115.2
115.2
115.2
115.2
115.3
115.4
115.3
115.4
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.2
32.7
29.0
29.3
26.5
24.3
21.7
T
pmf
T
(C)
16.4
28.1
30.4
55.7
60.3
65.9
71.2
76.8
82.3
86.8
89.5
94.2
96.8
99.3
102.0
104.0
105.7
107.3
108.7
109.7
110.6
111.4
112.0
112.5
113.0
113.4
113.7
113.9
114.2
114.4
114.6
114.7
114.8
114.9
115.1
115.1
89.8
82.6
83.4
81.5
77.4
66.6
Fig. 1 : MONITOREO DE LA TEMPERATURAS DE LA RETORTA Y DEL
PRODUCTO, EN FUNCIN DEL TIEMPO
140
120
TR y T
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
T (min)
TR
MTODO GENERAL
Para el C. botulinum : Z = 10 C y temperatura de 121.1 C
Tiempo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
t
(min)
0
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
T
pmf
T
(C)
16.4
28.1
30.4
55.7
60.3
65.9
71.2
76.8
82.3
86.8
89.5
94.2
96.8
99.3
102.0
F
t
(min)
5
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
F0
Fx((L1+L2)/2)
F0
Acumulado
(min)
10 (1/Z)(T-121.1)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
70
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
90
104.0
105.7
107.3
108.7
109.7
110.6
111.4
112.0
112.5
113.0
113.4
113.7
113.9
114.2
114.4
114.6
114.7
114.8
114.9
115.1
115.1
89.8
82.6
83.4
81.5
77.4
66.6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
F0 =
F0
Fig. 3: F0 ACUMULADO
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.9
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.4
3.9
4.3
4.8
5.7
6.7
7.2
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
Fig. 3: F0 ACUMULADO
8.0
7.0
F0 acumulado
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
20
40
60
t (min)
MTODO DE BALL
Tiempo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
t
(min)
0
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
T
Retorta
TR
(C)
20.0
82.5
94.4
104.6
114.1
115.9
116.1
116.1
115.5
114.9
114.6
114.7
114.6
114.7
115.2
115.4
115.5
115.5
115.6
115.5
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.2
115.2
T
pmf
T
(C)
16.4
28.1
30.4
55.7
60.3
65.9
71.2
76.8
82.3
86.8
89.5
94.2
96.8
99.3
102.0
104.0
105.7
107.3
108.7
109.7
110.6
111.4
112.0
112.5
113.0
80
100
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
70
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
90
115.2
115.2
115.2
115.3
115.4
115.3
115.4
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.2
32.7
29.0
29.3
26.5
24.3
21.7
113.4
113.7
113.9
114.2
114.4
114.6
114.7
114.8
114.9
115.1
115.1
89.8
82.6
83.4
81.5
77.4
66.6
SOLUCIN
PASO 1 .- SE HALLA LA DIFERENCIA ENTRE LA T DE LA RETORTA (CUANDO ESTA
ES CONSTANTE) T1 Y LA T pmf
Tiempo
t
(min)
0
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
TR
(C)
20.0
82.5
94.4
104.6
114.1
115.9
116.1
116.1
115.5
114.9
114.6
114.7
114.6
114.7
115.2
115.4
115.5
115.5
115.6
115.5
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.2
Tpmf
T
(C)
16.4
28.1
30.4
55.7
60.3
65.9
71.2
76.8
82.3
86.8
89.5
94.2
96.8
99.3
102.0
104.0
105.7
107.3
108.7
109.7
110.6
111.4
112.0
112.5
Diferencia
T1 - T
(C)
98.9
87.2
84.9
59.6
55.0
49.4
44.1
38.5
33.0
28.5
25.8
21.1
18.5
16.0
13.3
11.3
9.6
8.0
6.6
5.6
4.7
3.9
3.3
2.8
T1 =
T0 =
115.3
16.4
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
70
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
90
115.2
115.2
115.2
115.2
115.3
115.4
115.3
115.4
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.2
32.7
29.0
29.3
26.5
24.3
21.7
113.0
113.4
113.7
113.9
114.2
114.4
114.6
114.7
114.8
114.9
115.1
115.1
89.8
82.6
83.4
81.5
77.4
66.6
2.3
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
25.5
32.7
31.9
33.8
37.9
48.7
PASO 2 .- GRAFICANDO EL PERFIL DE TEMPERATURAS
FIG. 4: PERFIL DE TEMPERATURAS, TR Y T
140
76, 115.1
12, 115.9
120
T (C)
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
t (min)
T1
FIG. 5: TRMINOS USADOS PARA BALL
80
100
En base a los terminos definidos para el mtodo de Ball
CUT = Coming Up Time o Tiempo de levante de la temperatura de la retorta.
CUT = Tc
12
th =
76
tB =
th - 0,58*CUT = 76 - 0.58x12 =
69.0
PASO 3 .- TOMANDO EL TIEMPO Y LA DIFERENCI DE T CON LA FINALIDAD DE
GRAFICARLOS EN PAPEL SEMILOGARTMICO
Tomamos los puntos solo de calentamiento
Tiempo
t
(min)
0
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
Diferencia
T1 - T
(C)
98.9
87.2
84.9
59.6
55.0
49.4
44.1
38.5
33.0
28.5
25.8
21.1
18.5
16.0
13.3
11.3
9.6
8.0
6.6
5.6
4.7
3.9
3.3
2.8
2.3
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
70
74
76
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
FIG. 6: DIFERENCIA DE TEMPERATURAS EN FUNCIN DEL TIEMPO
100.0
28
(T1-T), C
10.0
1.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0.1
t (min)
PASO 4 .- TOMANDO SOLO LOS DATOS QUE SE ASEMEJAN A UNA LINEA RECTA,
CON LA FINALIDAD DE HALLAR LA CURVA AJUSTADA.
A partir de t = 28 min la curva es lineal.
Tiempo
t
(min)
28
30
Diferencia
T1 - T
(C)
16.0
13.3
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
70
74
76
11.3
9.6
8.0
6.6
5.6
4.7
3.9
3.3
2.8
2.3
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
FIG. 7: CURVA AJUSTADA
100.0
(T1 -T), C
10.0
(T1 - T) = 221.31e- 0.092 t
R2 = 0.9979
1.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
0.1
t (min)
y = a e bx
a
valor absoluto de b
60
70
80
221.31
-0.092
0.092
PASO 5 .- GRAFICANDO LOS DATOS EXPERIMENTALES Y LOS AJUSTADOS
SIMULTNEAMENTE
Tiempo
Diferencia
t
(min)
0
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
70
74
76
T1 - T
(C)
98.9
87.2
84.9
59.6
55.0
49.4
44.1
38.5
33.0
28.5
25.8
21.1
18.5
16.0
13.3
11.3
9.6
8.0
6.6
5.6
4.7
3.9
3.3
2.8
2.3
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
Diferencia
ajustada
T1 - T
(C)
221.3
139.7
127.4
106.0
88.2
73.4
61.0
50.8
42.2
35.1
29.2
24.3
20.2
16.8
14.0
11.7
9.7
8.1
6.7
5.6
4.6
3.9
3.2
2.7
2.2
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
FIG. 8: CURVA AJUSTADA Y DATOS EXPERIMENTALES
1000
T). C
(JI)
100
(T1 -T). C
100
10
1
0
20
40
60
80
0
t (min)
Series1
Series2
(T1 -T) = 221.31 e -0.092 t
Sacando Ln y dividiendo entre 2.303 para transformarlo a Log decimal
2.303
Log (T1-T) =
Log 221.31
Log (T1-T) =
Log
Ecuacin de Ball:
Log (T1-T) =
Log
221.31
0.092/2.303
-
JI
0.0399
(1/fh)
PASO 6 .- ELABORAR LA SIGUIENTE TABLA:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
t, min (th - 0,58*CUT = 76 - 0.58x12)
fh, min
T1
t0 , F
I = (T1 - T0)
JI
L = 10 (T1 - 121.1)/Z =10 (T1 - 121.1)/10
J = JI/I
Log JI
t/fh
Log g = Log JI - t/fh
69.04
25.0
115.3
16.4
98.9
221.31
0.3
2.2
2.35
2.76
-0.413
Log g
12
g = 10
0.386
USE TABLA O GRFICO PARA OBTENER "R (fh/U)" CUANDO "Log g" ES CONOCIDO
13
14
R = fh/U
F0 = (fh x L) / R , min
0.886
7.4
TABLAS DE BALL
GRFICO PARA LOS CLCULOS DEL TRATAMIENTO TRMICO POR EL
MTODO DE BALL
m + g = Tr - CW =100C; donde Tr = T de la retorta y CW = T del agua de enfriamiento
No existe, mucha diferencia aunque se aplique a m + g = 70 a 110 C
