Publicaciones Especiales del Museo de Zoologfa Nurnero 10

RECOPILACION DE CLA YES PARA LA DETERl\1Il\TACION DE ANFIBIOS Y REP'rILES DE l\1EXICO

--

OSCAR A. FLORES VILLELA FERNANDO 1\1ENDOZA QUIJANO GRACIA GONZALEZ PORTER (Cornpiladores)

Universidad Nacional Autonorna de Mexico Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Bi()lopf~)

INTRODUCCION .

AGRADECIMIENTOS .

LITERATURA CITADA .

DIBUJOS GENERALES .

CLA VES PARA LA DETERMINACION DE LOS ANFIBIOS DE MEXICO .

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Bufo .

CLAVE PARA LOS GENEROS Y ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA HYLIDAE DE MEXIC(

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Agalychnis .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES Y SUBESPECIES DE Hyla EN MEXICO (NOROESTE DE

ISTMO DE TEHUANTEPEC) .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES Y SUBESPECIES DE Hyla EN EL NORTE I CENTROAMERICA (ISTMO DE TEHUANTEPEC-HONDURAS INCLUYENDO L

PENINSULA DE YUCATAN) .

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Pternoltyla .

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES Y SUBESPECIES DE Ptychohyla .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Sniilisca .

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES Y SUBESPECIES DE Triprion .

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Plectroliyla .

CLAVE PARA LA DETERMINACION DE RENACUAJOS DE Plectrohyla .

CLAVE PARA LOS GENEROS DE LA FAMILIA LEPTODACTYLIDAE .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Eleutherodactylus DE LOS GRUPOS mexicanus

hobo rtsmithi .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO rugulosus DE Eleuiherodactylus .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO Eleutherodactylus gollmeri .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Syrrhopus .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Tomodactylus .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Gastrophryne 0 ••••••••••••••••••••

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Rana .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Ambystoma .

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Boittoglossa .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Chiropterotriton .

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Pseudocurycea _.:.~-' ~ 7:

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Siren 7f

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Dermophis y Gymnophis 7~

CLA VE PARA LA DETERMINACION DE LOS REPTILES DE MEXICO 7s

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Anniclla ' 81

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Ophisaurus , . . . . . . . . . 82

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Bipes 83

CLA VE PARA LOS GENEROS Y ESPECIES DE GERRONOTINOS 84

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA CHORYTHOPHANIDAE 88

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Crotaphytus 89

CLAVE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE Crotaphytus , , . 90

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Coleonyx , 92

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Hemidactylus 93

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Phyllodactylus 94

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Sphacrodactylus 96

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Heloderma 98

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE IGUANAS 101

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Phrynosoma ~ . . . . . . . . . .. 109

CLA VE PARA LOS GRUPOS Y ESPECIES DE Sceloporus 112

,

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Sceloporus DEL SUR DE MEXICO 135

CLAVE PARA ALGUNAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO formosus DE Sceloporus . . . .. 137 CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Unia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 138

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Urosaurus " 139

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Uta 144

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Anolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 146

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO Anolis schiedii 158

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Eumeces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 161 CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO Eumcccs brevirostris . . . . . . . . . . .. 165 CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Eutncccs tctragrammus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 167

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Seined/a 170

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Ameiva 173

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES MEXICANAS DE Cnemidophorus . . . . . . . . . . .. 175 CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO deppei DE Cnemidophorus . . . . . . .. 183 CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Cnemidophorus DEL SUR DE MEXICO 1 R~

III

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA XAN1'USifDAE 186

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Xenosaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 189

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Adelophis 196

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Adelphicos 197

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Clelia 198

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Conophis 199

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Conopsis 200

CLAVE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE Drymarchon corals 201

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Drvmobius 202

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Ficimia 203

CLA YE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Geophis 204

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Gyalopion 206

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Heterodon 207

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Lampropeltis 208

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Leptodeira 209

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Leptodcira DEL SUR DE MEXICO. . . . . . . .. 214

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Leptophis ' 215

CLAVE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE Leptophis mexicanus 216

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Masticophis , 217

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Natrix = Nerodia , . . . . . . . . .. 218

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES Y SUBESPECIES DE Ninja 220

CLAVE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE ]\linia sebae 221

CLA VE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE Ninia diademata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 222

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Oxybelis 223

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Pliocercus 224

CLA VB PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Rhadinaea 225

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Sibon 246

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Stcnorrhina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Tantillo 249

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Thamnophis 253

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Trimorphodon 258

CLA VE PARA LOS GENEROS DE FALSOS CORALILLOS 259

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Leptotyplilops 262

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Typhlops y Rhampotyphlops 263

lV

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE SERPIENTES VENENOSAS

264

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE TORTUGAS DE MEXICO . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 269

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Rhinoclemmys 270

CLAVE PARA LOS GENEROS Y ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA CHELONIIDAE .. 271

CLAVE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE Caretta caretta .' .. " 272

CLA VE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE Lepidochelys 273

CLAVE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE Dermochclys coriacea 274

CLA VE PARA LOS GENEROS DE LA FAMILIA EMYDIDAE 275

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES Y SUBESPECIES DE Tcrrapcne " 276

CLAVE PARA LAS SUBESPECIES DE Terrapene ornata 277

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Kinostcrnon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 278

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Staurotypus " 282

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Gopherus 283

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Apalone 284

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE COCODRILOS DE MEXICO ;5<"

Rccopilacion de cloves pum fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 1

INTRODUCCION

Existen rnuy pocas obras (entre rnonografias, revisiones, y descripciones de nuevos taxa) que incluyan claves de determinacion para los grupos que constituyen la herpetofauna de Mexico. Por otro lado, las que existen son de diffeil aeeeso a investigadores y estudiantes que se hall an interesados en la Herpetologia, debido principal mente a la escasez y poca fluidez de publicaciones periodicas espeeializadas en las bibliotecas institucionales de Mexico. Este trabajo es una recopilacicSn de las claves para las especies (yen algunos casos subespecies) de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico que han sido publicadas hasta la feeha, haciendolas disponibles en un solo documento, aunque es necesario aclarar que no tadas las especies mexieanas estan inc1uidas en dichas claves.

El iinico trabajo previo de este tipo fue publicado en tres partes, entre 1945 y 1950, por dOS herpetologos norteamericanos: Hobart M. Smith y Edward H. Taylor. Una reimpresion de su obra fue editada en 1966, en donde se anexaban los cambios taxonomicos reconoeidos hasta ese memento. Desde 1966 han habido muchos carnbios taxonomicos, se ha descrito un gran numero de especies, y se han propuesto nuevas clasificaciones de la herpetofauna mexicana, por 10 que es necesario actualizar las claves de los anfibios y reptiles de Mexico mediante una recopilacion que incluya hasta donde sea posible estas modificaciones y novedades,

OTRAS CLA YES PUBLICADAS PREVIAMENTE

Entre las principales fuentes de consulta que incluyen listas anotadas y claves de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico, destaca la obra monumental de Smith y Taylor (1966) "Herpetology of Mexico", que como ya se rnenciono es la reimpresion de los mirneros 187 (sobre serpientes), 194 (sobre anfibios), y 199 (sobre tortugas, anfisbenidos, lagartijas y cocodrilos) del Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum. La informacion contenida en estos libros se bas6 en varias expedieiones de los autores a Mexico, en las cuales se recolectaron mas de 50,000 ejemplares. En esta obra se indican algunos problemas taxonomicos de algunos generos de reptiles como Anolis, Cncmidophorus, Uta, y Thaninophis, as! como de las salamandras de las familias Plethodontidae, y Ambystomaticlae, y de las ranas de la familia Leptodactylidae. La problernatica de estos grupos attn persisie en 13. actualidad. Ell esc trabajo la herpetofauna de Mexico se agrupa ert 41 familias, 191 generos, 995 espccies y 1165 especies y subespecies (Flores-Villela 1993a,b); "Herpetology of Mexico" sigue siendo iitil C0l110 una obra de eonsulta de la

2 Flores- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gouz/ilcz-Port er

herpetofauna del pals, y es de uso generaliza"dopru investigadores nacionales y extranjeros, debido a que no existe otra publicacion similar que conjunte a la mayor parte de 1a herpetofauna mexicana,

Otra fuente de gran valor es cl "Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata", p~blicado en 1970 en dos partes: la primera incluye a las serpientes y la segunda a los anfisbenidos y saurios, y fueron escritas por Peters y Orejas Miranda y Peters y Donoso Barros, respectivamente. Esta obra la publico la Smithsonian Institution, como parte del Programa de Trabajo Biologico Internacional en Latinoamerica. El area geografica cubierta por esta obra va desde la frontera de Mexico con Guatemala hasta la Patagonia, aunque no incluyen las Islas Galapagos, ni las Islas del Caribe. Este trabajo es importante para Mexico porque considcra a especies poco conocidas y de distribucion marginal en el sur del pals 0 bien a aquellas especies de arnplia distribucion con un mejor tratamiento taxonornico. La edicion cs bilingiie (ingles y castellano). Comprende 117 generos, 691 especies y 233 subespecies de serpientes; y 111 generos, 632 especies y 133 subespecies de lagartijas y anfisbenidos. La mayoria de las claves no existian antes de 1a publicacion de este trabajo. Casi todas las c1aves son dicotornicas (hay algunas tricotornicas) y los generos con gran nurnero de especies no tienen clave, sino un cuadro 0 matriz de datos con la mayor cantidad posible de caracteres diagnosticos, Se da un codigo de confianza para cad a clave utilizando de una a cuatro estrellas que indican que tan confiable puede ser el utilizar dicha clave en la determinacion de ejemplares.

Por ultimo, la edicion desdt 1963 de los apuntes del "Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles" por la Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, ha side una fuente continua de nueva informacion taxonornica que en muchos casos trata conespecies de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico, incluyendo para cada especie 0 taxon una breve descripcion, historia nomenclatural, distribucion geografica, literatura pertinente, comentarios generales y en varios casos claves de identificacion.

ALCANCES DE ESTE TRABAJO

La recopilacion que aquf se prescnta incluye la mayor-fa de las claves que se han publicado despues de 1950, y cubre 721 especies que represcntan el 70.3 % del total de la herpetofauna de Mexico (186 especies de anfibios y 535 de reptiles, los cuales representan respectivamente el 61.6% y el 73.9%, del total en cada grupo).

Recopilacion de claves para la determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico 3

~,-.

No se incluye una clave para los gerieros que solamente tienen una especie en Mexico

o que son monoespecfficos en toda Sll distribuci6n; en esos casos las c1aves de Casas y McCoy (1979) son adecuadas para su determinacion a nivel de genero. Muchas de las claves que se incluyen no contemplan descripciones de especies nuevas y/o cambios nomenclaturales publicados recientemente. Hay muchos generos para los que no se han publicado c1aves, por 10 que no estan inclufdos aquf , como par ejemplo: Tho ri us , Dendotriton, Nototriton, Spea, Celestus, Holbrookia, Petrosaurus, Sphenomorphus, Bogertophis, Chersodromus, Chilomeniscus, Chionactis, Coniophanes, Dipsas, D ryadoph is , Elaphe, Enulius, Imantodes, Opheodrys, Pliyllorynchus, Pituophis, Salvadore, Sonora, Storeria, Symphimus y Tantillita, entre otros; en otros casos se incluye una clave que cubre parcialmente el ruirnero de especies en un determinado genero; tal es el caso de Bufo, Eleutherodactylus, Hyla, Bolitoglossa, Chiropterotriton, Pseudoeurycca, Sceloporus, Anolis, Leptodeira, Leptophis, Nerodia, Pliocercus, y Tantilla, entre otros. Varias de las cJaves que se incluyen en esta recopilaci6n contienen especies que no se distribuyen en Mexico; tal es el caso de las que se tomaron del Catalogue of Neot ropical Squamata y ctras del Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, principalmente.

Se ha tratado de anotar informacion pertinente en algunas claves para faciIitar su uso y evitar confusiones a los usuarios no farniliarizados con la literatura espeeializada. Con relaci6n a los carnbios nomenclaturales y descripciones de especies nuevas, se recomienda consultar la lista de especies de Mexico publicada por Flores Villela (1993a), la eual actualiza los eambios hasta 1992. Cambios posteriores se anotan en la clave pertinente. Tarnbien se incluyen dibujos generales de referencia al inicio del trabajo, para ubi car las estructuras anat6micas que se utilizan en las claves; estes dibujos se modificaron de Savage y Villa (1986). Algunas claves estan acornoafiadas de dibuios con OLlt fueron nuhl icarlas nriaimlmf':ntp

, Mel/(/Ow-Quij(/!/(} y COllzciiez.-Portcr

;fIENTOS

nos agradecer a todos los colegas, autores y editores que muy amablemente nos reproducir las claves que se recopilan en este trabajo. En cada caso. se dan los ctivos. Tambien agradecemos de forma muy especial a los investigadores que ves para esre volumen: James R. Dixon, Edmundo Perez Ramos, Gustavo Casas, Adrian Nieto Montes de Oea, Robert L. Bezy, Jose Luis Camarillo, Douglas A. { D. Johnson y Kristopher P. Kofron. George R. Zug, C. Jack McCoy y William as ayudaron en diferentcs forrnas durante las rases iniciales de esta publicaci6n. il de este trabajo tambien coiaboraron con nosotros Alfonso Delgadillo, Francisco 1arfa, Ela Martinez Solis, Walter Schmidt B., Adrian Nieto Montes de Oea, Sol res, Laura Contreras, Flora Garcia, Ricardo Reyes y Miriam Benabib. A Isabel

proporciono su ayuda en el aspecio editorial, nuestro reconocimiento, A nuestro Guzman Villa quien elaboro e1 dibujo de la portac1a, nuestro profundo E1 apoyo de Armando Luis Martinez hizo posible la publicacion de este trabajo, debemos n uestro mas 5i ncero agradeci mien to. El apoyo fi nanciero para el 1 presente publicacion fue obtenido de la Direccion General de Asuntos del mico (IN 201789, Y IN 20]493) y PADE? (proyecto 003 y 001).

Recopilacion de claves para la determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 5

LITERATURA CITADA

CASAS~ANDREU, G. y C. J. McCOY. 1979. Anfibios y reptiles de Mexico. Mexico, Limusa. 87 pp.

FLORES~VILLELA, O. 1993a. HerpetofaunaMexicana. Spec. PubIs. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. (17):1~73.

FLORES~VILLELA, O. 1993b. Riqueza de los anfibios y reptiles. Niim. Especial 7. Biologfa y problernatica de los vertebrados en Mexico. Revista Ciencias. Fac. Ciencias, UNAM. pp.33~42.

PETERS, J. A. Y B. R. OREJAS~MIRANDA. 1970. Catalogue of the neotropical Squamata:

Part 1. Snakes. Washington, Smithsonian Inst. Press. 346 pp.

PETERS, J. A. Y R. DONOSO~BARROS. 1970. Catalogue of the neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Washington, Smithsonian Inst. Press. 293 pp, SAVAGE, J. M. Y J. VILLA R. 1986. Introduction to the herpetofauna of Costa Rica. Soc.

Study Amphs. Repts., Contr. Herp. (3):i~viii, 1~207.

SMITH, H. M. Y E. H. TAYLOR. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, (l87):i~iv, 1~239.

S}'llTH, H. M. Y E. H. TAYLOR. 1948. An annotated checklist and key to the Amphibia of Mexico. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, (194):i~iv, 1~118.

SMITH, H. M. Y E. H. TAYLOR. 1950. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles exclusive of the snakes. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, (199):i~iv, 1- 253.

SMITH, H. M. y E. H. TAYLOR. 1966. Herpetology of Mexico. Annotated Checklists and Keys to the Amphibians and Reptiles. A reprint of Bulletins 187, 194, and 199 of the United States National Museum with a list of subsequent taxonomic innovations. Eric

s t if;'! 1 ? + + 1 +? 1,

Rccopitacion de cloves para fa det crnti na cio n de Aufibios y Reptiles de 1

DIBU.TOS GENERALES

Recopilaciou de cloves para 1(1 determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico S

Fig. 1 Caracteristicas de Salamandras

Flores- Villela, Mend ora-Quijano Y Gonuilcz-Poner

GLANDULA

CRESTAS CRANEANAS

, .:' .. ~. ,~--

"'-,

-.

-;_ r-,

PlIEGUE SUPRATIMPANICO

TIHPAH()

/

/' //

..

\,TOCAl EXTERHO

"

\

C>JAHh'3

DIEUTES VOMERIAUOS

fig. 2 Caracteristicas de Sapos y Ranas adultos

Recopilacion de claves para fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 11

.. ~l IJEiEp-:CUIO'::; SUBAF~TICULARES

PF:EPC! I I CA

TUBEECUICI TENAE

Fig. J Caracteristicas de Sapos y Ranas adultos

.....__.

Flores- Villela, Mcndom-Quijauo y Gonralcr-Portcr

TCIPTIJI~~,.'"

~~~------~-"----""-.--------"---~

u ~ AE[1C_r}~I!~hL F -" fEl"f'=IPAI H = HAF'(~ I H ;,1
_"'
,c,J.J= hlL';1 .: = C,ULl,F 11 ~ UUCAl
s: ~ 'h;'~ I I~E H ~ HUHEF:hl P = PECT(JPAt
I ~_ t = I=I)~,T ~ L I Ii '-, [1 1 il;' 1 1 " ',_,' E;;':'"!"F BE' A I_ Fig. 4 C~rilcteristicas de las Tortugas

I

I

j.

Recopi/aci611 de claves para fa determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico 1~

I

.I

F--T"-llE-

'I' "1'-" "" .. : '-

'_" .~I Hl~ ... 1 "_I

Fig. 5 Caracteristicas de las Lagartijas

H

14 Flores- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonrdlcr-Porter

.... _.

AE Cl_

Rccfjpilnci6/J de cloves para la determinacion de Aufibios y Reptll '::;EEP I EHTE';

PCI:::;TIJC UlAF:E'::,

, ,

"

IHFEAlABI;,lE'::,

HENTAI

FCJ::;;ETA APICAL

FOSETAS APICAlES

Fig. 7 Caracteristicas de las Serpientes

/illela, MClldoz.a-Qltijanu y Gonralez-Poner

'::;ERP I EHTE~::;

Ch':::,CABEl

.-----.

~~~~.::..-~

.~--,; - • .L"_.I._L' __ ~ PF'ElACUH AI

~.-~::~ __ " L:D~

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jWCOp!l{lCJ(jll de claves para fa detcnninacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico 1

f-' ("I (-"(-rI" [I I l"-" c" ,_ .. _" ._" ,_. _I IT. t) ._1

(1 n ('/ (1 ("I I'I'i'!~LI JC_i

'-' t' •. _" ,_" '_' "1. _ ~_I

Fig. 9 Caracteristicas de los Cocodrilos

Recopilacion de claves para fa determinacion de Anflbios y Reptiles de Mexico 19

CLA YES PARA L,A DETERMINACION DE LOS ANFIBTOS DR lVIF,XT(;O

,":LUjJllaC/U1l ae cloves para la determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico 21

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Bujo

FUENTE: Porter, K. R. 1964. Distribution and taxonomic status of seven species of Mexican Bufo. Herpetologica 19(4);229.247.

Se reproduce con perrniso del editor de Herpetologica.

1. Parietal crest always absent; length of parotoid gland at least twice its

width; pulse rate of mating cal! less than twenty notes per second

................................... Bujo canaliferus

Parietal crest generally present; length of paratoid gland less than twice its width; pulse rate of mating call greater than twenty notes per second

(not known for D. cristatus ) .. 2

Z. Paratoid giand globular; narrow vertebral line present; pulse rate. of

mating caE greater than 85 notes per second _- .. _ - Rufo coccijer

Paratoid gland ovoid or triangular; vertebral stripe, if present, not a narrow line; pulse rate of mating call less than 60 notes per second (not known

for B. cristatus i _ .. _ 3

3. Parietal crests high, expanded laterally and merging with postorbital crests so as to fill space between parotoid gland and eye; parotoid gland swollen

with length approximately 20% of snout-vent length Bufo cristaius

Parietal crests and postorbital crests not greatly expanded, do not fill space between parotoid gland and eye; parotoid gland length generally

less thun 20% of snout-vent length _ 4

4. Parietal crests always present; species not known from Pacific Coast north

of Isthmus of Tehuantepec ~ 5

Parietal crests reduced or occasionally absent; species found only on the

Pacific Coast north of Isthmus of Tehuantepec _ 6

5. A linear series of warts present On side of body; dominant frequency of

mating call approximately 1800 c. P: s. at 25° C Bulo valliceps

No linear series of warts On side of body; dominant frequency of mating

call about 1300 c. p. s. at 25° C Bufo caoiirons

6. Species known only from lowlands about Acapulco, Guerrero; parotoid gLmd generally not swollen; length of supratympanic crest generally

greater than cli<uncter of tympanum Bufo gemmifer

Species widely distributed along Pacific lowlands of northern Colima, J alisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, and Sonora; parotoid gland generally moderately swollen; supratympanic crest length generally less than diameter of

tympanum Bufo mazatlanensis

--

22 Flores- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonraler-Porrer

. ~ ... ' .. 2bAY£:, PARA LOS GENEROS Y ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA HYLIDAE DE MEXICO

FUENTE: Duellman, W_ E_ 1970, Hylid frogs of Middle America. Mus_ Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas Monogr. 1; 1- 752.

Se reproduce con perrniso del autor.

l. Pupil verticall>" elliptical (fig . .s."\"). dorSUI11 usually bright green in life (bllle

in presen'atiH') _. 2

Pupil hmizontu lly elliptical (fig .=;B);

dorsum \"~iria ble -l

_'\0 wcbbing 011 hunds and f.·d; p.ilpc-

bred mcm br.uie clear P/Jlj/lollleduw

SUlik' wcbbing Oil kinds .ind fed; pulpcbnl Illc!l)bLlllC usu.i lly rctlClIbtccl

(fig. 5B) :3

;)

3. HL'~lcl ~lullow, depth less than .f0 per cent of lellgth, discs hrgc; fingers at least one-half webbed; iris red or or.mge and palpebral membrane reo ticulated (iris ~'elIO\v ~lnd palpebral mem brune cleur in calcarifer) _ .. _ ..

.. _ ... _ . . Agu/ljchnis

Head deep, depth more thew 50 per cent of length, fingers webbed bas~'.lly; iris gold with black reticulations, palpebral mcrnbr.me reticu-

luted Paclujnteclusn

-I. Skin co-ossified with skull; extensive bony Ia bia l lLnges present, fingers no mort' than one-half webbed

Skin not co-ossified with skull, or, if so. hon>' lahia[ (bilges ahsC'llt; Wdl-

G

). A pr(,ll;tsal LOI)(' (fig. 17l)) present, labia! shelf greatly expanded laterally; body moderately slender; head

much longer than wide _ Triprion

Prcnasnl bone ;loscnl; labial shelf mocl('r~lkh' ('\P~llll!cd I:ltnalh'; bod\, short, ><llla!, [o~\d-lik('; la~;ld Old),

slightly longer than wide Ptcrnolujlo

Fingers long, essentially unwcbbcd,

lacking nuptial excrescences in

males; head as broad as long 7

Fingers nor long and laekillg webs, or, if so, males having nuptial cxcrescenSC$ or size small (less than 30 111m, in snout- vent length); head

variable 9

7. A fleshy proboscis (fig. 4I); head tri,llIgtilar ill dorsal view 11 cniiphractus No lIeshy proboscis; hcad nut triangu-

lar ill dorsa! view I)

8. Skill co-ossiflcd witl: skull; long dorsally directed spines 011 periphery of roofing bones of skull; no brood

pouch in feillalcs /vnotlieca

Skill I·oo\';ifi(·r! or 11111; lin .... plllf'~· If II skull; a 11I11()d PlllICh III

females Castro! JWCII

q. Skill Oil d()I"SIJIII [Ilick, ~..;L\lld ul.u, iliid tulJ('reulate; hands ,llld feet Ltrgc with large discs and extensive webbing; males having p,lircd lateral \0- cal sacs behind angles of ja ws (fig. 7f)) and lacking projecting prcpol-

lieal spines (fig. 11 D) PIII'1jJlOl1uas

Skill on dorSUlll not thick and glandular, or, if so, hands and feet not havillg larg(' discs aile! cxtc-nsi vc webbing and Jil,des ha vi lIg sill).; lc SII hgular vocal sacs and projecting prcpo llica l spines; \'oc011 sacs not be-

hind [lngles of jaws .10

.)

10. Head large, cleep; arms robust; skin thick and glandular; males having projecting propol licnl xp inr-s (flg.

llD) __ .. Plcel rol1!/la

Males lacking projecting pre-pollical spines, or, if present, head shallow, arms slender, and skin not thiek and gLlllclu far, or hands and feet fu lly w('hhed and dermal frillges present

Oil ;Inll'; :III([ f(,d .I 1

J I. SlIla!l [roi!.s II~lVillg: pointed SIiOUts, smu ll or uur-xpandcd discs, and only

flldillwllLlry' \\'('])1>in)2; o n hands 12

Frogs of v;lri;iblc. si7.c; if snout s pointed, discs expanded and hands <it least

oric-rhirr] webbed ... __ 13

12. Dorsum rugose, discs not expanded;

feet extensively webbed Acris

Dorsum smooth, discs barely expaneled; feet slightly webbed

I

l-

J

1

!

i

i

I

i I

I

Recopitacion de claves para la determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de If,

Pseudacris

13. Moderate to large-sized frogs; males having paired subgular vocal sacs ( fig. 7C); dorsum marked with

blotches, limbs barred Smilisca

Size and color v.uiul rlr-: males having single, mcdiau, subgular vocal sacs

(fig. 71\) .... 14

14. Breeding males having large, usually brown or orange, ventrolateral glands (fig. 9A )....... Ptyclwllyla

Seventy- two other species .. I-l !lla~

"FClll:lics of SJlIl"lisca and Pluciwhuia, as \Vel! as

Tloll-hn'l,dI11P- 1=11:.11:'(" nr tl.o 1.--.f1~~., ",,·~1 I·.~ •. _._ • ._ T"- 1

.. GUII~(UeZ-POr(er

"'LIoLa Mendoza-Quijano Y <-

ores- vi ~ ,

A

'~ ....

C ~

I . 's of' ]1(."lCI5 of hvlid frogs. show .

. 3 L'll('ra \,IC\\ c . I C'

o. • '. • \ Truncate. B. Rotl!l(. '. ,. of snouts. t.

"pes '. . . E Protruding

;. D. Acuminate. .

D

c ~

rr o ---/ /

'\.c./"'{ ~

1f I

I

t

/~~~ .r>.

r/_-··:~\ !\2(5'_:-; ) -; (1

. !) ~-i

/,~ ~

.' I ---~

H )t _

~_::0T-S~ 6<0 ..... ~'<.-~ --~---.~ ~:-~~--_

~~

I

I I ricnl chClracters of bylid

F . ·1 E.\l<'rllal 111\JI[110 og, " ',' A. foot

. H.....,. idicnrc important su ucl u: c,. ... C I,'o!;s Ar ro« .. '1 .: r 13 Foot S]W\\'lJig calcar. .: ,hl)\\i Ilg dCllil,rl ff IllgjCl"CIl's showing spatulate mne:

Foot of Pternolu; (! ()( I . I f ld D. Foot of Hijta

I t I. .rclc and tarsa () . "I"'l

me tatarsa (IUC. ., I ] 1"'I)I)'ng bl'l\\'cell J!'

I . , . C '1 cee \ ~ , ,

clacocl.roa S]()\\ I ng . c : .. f. of the H y/a rubra group.

and second toes charactclp J~horacic fold, G and H. E Axillary membrane. '. b .,- n II cmiphractus

. k 1 I Flcshv pro oscis () G t _

Hostral .eci. '. " 1. ' fl shy "horn" on -cs ro

' J :,upraocli ai e.

POlliJlII('IlS1S. .

theca cewto)J!lr!is.

E

Recopilacion de claves pam La determinacion de Anfibios y Reptile

'.~TS. 5. Eyes of hy!id frogs. A Vertir~\ pl'~il ~.~:_~ rcticulakd palpebral membrane. B. Horizontal pupil and \lnl;::;;;i~;.~c'd P;\lllCbral membrane.

FIG. 6. Tongues of hylld frogs. A. Round. B.

Cordiform. C. Ovoid. D. Lanccolate..

FIG. 9. Glands on ventral surfaces. A. Ventrelateral glands of Pt!lc/iohylo. B. Mental gland of Hula coltnnira.

A

~~

y~P~,/ S

/=>:

~~--

B~

--==~

__ J ~

o

FIC. 7. Structural types of vocal median. subgular. B. Bilobate sub~ suhgular. D. Paired lateral.

26 Flores-Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonniier-Porter

i~~~) ~--Y:J-

~~ A

FIG" 11. Ventral views of right prcpollices showing nuptial conditio ns in males, /I., H!Jla zelek;, enlarged aud bcLng nuptial excrescence. B, Hula robcrtsorum, enLH~,~d and huvin g a generalized nuptial excrescence. C, l'r!Je/loh1Jl£) s)lirlipollex with a cluster of nuptial spine;, D, HUla erepitans with elongately enlarged p1cpollt'x and protruding prcpollical spine.

NOSOI~,

Pars Facialis

A

Posterior Pr ocess Maxillary

Pre maxi Ilary

Pars

Pr occs s

Moxi! lory

B

Palatina

Frontoporieta I Fontanelle

c

D

Dermal Sphene thrno id

Prenosol

1,'1(:, 17" Cranial characters of hyltd frogs. A, Latcr:r1 \'il'\\' of anterior part of skull" B. Ventra! view of anterior l1:u't of skull; shaded area shows extent of prcvorucrs in thosc species in which they articulate with the prcruaxillurics. C, Dorsal view showing position of internasal in Pternohu1a fodiens and nature of [cG:l10PiH1cta! flanges in !;mtllsca bawl/ill!: D, DJ,-,-,,,' vie,v of Triprion petasat1)s showing prenasal and

dcnnal sphenethmoid,

) I

Recopilacion de claves para fa determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de A

I(I·:V TO Till': SI'I':CJl-:S OF !\gaf!lc/l1Iis

1. FLillk.' uniformly colored, lacking vcrti-

calor di.u . .';o!lal bars Z

FLtlib balT~d G

2. l Inuds no more t h.m one-half webbed; si:«: sruall (males. 17 nun.; fcmales, G2 uun.) . Hanks blue; dorsum usually m.ukecl with wavv transverse lines

- A. saltat or

I L\ lids ;\ t least two-thirds web bed; ~i7.C larger; flanks variable; dorsum

bckilli-'; \\'a\'~' tr;lILwnsc lines 3

'3. I Llllds i nuncnsc, fully webbed, and with LU'gc discs; snout long (me! 100v 4 Hands smaller, not fully webbed, and with smaller discs; snout sloping and

s hortr-r ....... _. ._ ... 5

4. Hands, feet, flanks, anterior and post crior surfaces of thighs deep yellow

to orange; dorsum usually marked wIth black-bordered white

spots

._ .... A. spurrelli

I

Hands, feet. tlanks, anterior and I terior surfaces of thighs lacking 1

mcnt: dorsum uniform green __

............ __ . .... A: lite

.5. Flanks and an tcr ior and posterior faces of t highs blue; iris yellow

orange in life A.

Flanks and anterior and posterior faces of thighs orange; iris red life A. mo

6. Flanks orange or yellow with dark b thighs and upper arms barred; I mal uppend.rge present on heel I

4B) .. _

Flanks blue or brown with ere, white bars: thighs and upper a not barred: dermal appendage L

ing on heel A. call

7. Extensive dermal folds on forearm large derrn.rl flaps on foot; 51

trunca tc .__ A. craspe

Only derma I c ; ppcndage is flap on I

snout sloping .. A. cal.

Mendoza-Quijano y Gonralez-Port er

E :=- PECIES AND SUBSPECIES \~EXICO (NORTHWEST OF :\C_-S OF TEHUANTEPEC)

ie~ (less than 35 mm. in It length) lacking a tym-

. 2

e _ -:-::'-ll1panum present (upper IV be concealed by supra-

; :old )____________ G

faces of thighs unicolor 3

faces of thighs marked by

nsversc bars __ 4

:hirds webbed; large tuberesent below anal opening; .nd feet strongly barred

_____________ _ H. pinorum

webbed; no large tubercles

nal opening; shanks and feet

barred ._____ H. nubicoia

webbed . ._.--- .. H. mixe

e-Iourths webbed __ "' 5

eddish brown .. _

H. mixoniaculat a

'ellowish tan H. pelliu:

ceres (males having snoutngths of less than 30 mm.) n axillary membrane (fig. orsurn usually ye llow or tan; uniformly veliow or tan; no Ice in c·ol~r on dorsal and

)f surfaces 7

uxillurv membrane variable: not uniformly yellow or tan. .. 16

.ral light stripes present; usually darker than dorsum, is unicolor yellow or tan or

1 by small dark spots 8

.rul light stripes absent; Hanks

C; dorsum unicolor yellow or

with large markings __ lO

lTOW; side of head and Hanks IlOWIl; dorsolateral stripe narsua lly extending to groin

._. . H. robertmertensi

.der; side of head and flanks

; dorsa lateral stripe wide, not

ing to groin

-----_._.,._. 9

.. _' ,._ ------'--

9. Distinct dark brown flecks on forearms and shanks; small (males to 21.4 mrn.

in snout-vent length) H. pieta

No distinct dark brown flecks on forearms and shanks; larger (males to

26 mm -. in snout-vent length) _ .. .

_____ __ II. smitliii

10. Dorsum uniform or with small flecks ... II

Dorsum with dark markings _ .. _14-

l L, Dorsum uniform .c______l2-

Dorsum m~,rked by s.ua 11 flccks.l:;

12.. Tarsal fold present (fig. 4C); tympanic ring distinct "'___ II. dene/Tasca rt a Tarsal fold absent, tympanic ring

weakly clefined fl. sumichrast,

13. Diameter of tympanum less than 4<3 per cent of diameter of eye; large

flecks on dorsum __ ._c .. .

___ . . H. tnelanonima bicocat a

Diameter of tympanum more than 50 per cent of diameter of eye; small flecks on dorsum

__ .. . __ H. melanornvnn niclanonnna

14. Flanks (hrk, dorsal p<lttcrn usunlk consisting of a dark hour-glass-

shaped figure _______.c __ H. eb+accata

Flanks usually colored like dorsum; pattern not consisting of one large

mark on back ._ · . 15

15. Dark chevron-shaped' marks on dor-

sum; distinct dark bars On shanks _

.--- .. .. H, sa riori

Dark dashes, sometimes interconnected

to form X-shaped mark on back; ill-

defined bars on shanks _

H. microcepluila undericoodi

16. Snout acutely rounded; digital discs small; webbing On hand vestigial. dorsum usually green with spots or dashes in a linear arrangcnwnl; ;l dar), bro-vn face musk pres~l1t; males not excceding 45 rum. in snout-vent

length _ __._____ _ 17

Snout not acutely rounded and digital discs not small, OT, if so, dorsum not

green and no face mask present :21

17. A dark interorbital triangular mark IS

No dark interorbital triangular mark ... 19

Recopilacion de clave.'; para la determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico

10. TOe~ about two-thirds webbed; dorsum

smooth fl. regilla curta

Toes about one-half webbed; dorsum

pustulate J-I. reg ilia lujpochondriaca

19. Posterior surfaces of thighs brown with \"C.~1I0\V spots __ .. __ . __ H. euphorbiacea Po·,tcrior surfaces of thighs lacking yel-

low spots ._ ... . __ . . __ 20

2.0_ Fifth toe webbed to ·I)ZlS{; of penultimate phalanx; lar ger 'males to 44

III Ill. in Silout-\'cnt lem::thJ. II. plicata

Fifth toe- webbed to d's!:!i end of antepc-uult inu.tc- phahn'... snia llcr (males to JG 111111. in snout-vent

kn:--:th) II. e x unin

21. Lnge frogs with a dermal fringe along the lateral edge of the- forearm and toot (fig. 4A); feet nearly fully webbed; fingers two-thirds webbed_. 22

Size variable; feet no more than threefourths webbed, or. if so, fingers webbed only basa llv. no dermal fringe on (~dge of forearm and foot.. 23

22. Dorsum and flanks mottled reddish brown and dark brown, prcpollex in males spatulate, bare " .. _. H. calancijcr

Dorsum pale; Hanks a nd anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs dark; prepollex in males bearing a clump

or spines (fig_ 11 C) _ .. H. echinate

23. Moderate-sized frogs ha\·ing round snout, pale dorsum usually without pattern), extensive axillary membrane (fig. 4E) and fingers more

than one-half web bed_.____ . 24

Size variable; axillary membrane absent, or, if present. pattern not as described and hands less than one-

half webbed _ .... _... . ... _._._ ... _.25

24. \Vebbing and hidden surfaces of thighs red in life; canthus rounded; snout

bluntly' rounded ... __ .. _. 11. loquax

\Vebbing and hidden surfaces of thighs yellow in life; canthus angular; snout

acutely rounded . __ ... H. godmaiu

25. Dorsum tubcrculate; webbing absent on hand; dorsum dull gray or tan

with irregular darker spots . ~_2E

Dorsum smooth, or, if tuberculate, webbing present on hand and col-

oration not as described ... _ .. 27

26. "feet about three-fourths webbed, di.uuctcr of tympanum about one-half that of eye; discs small ... H. cadaccrina "feet about one-half webbed; diameter of tympanum about two-thirds that of eye; discs larger _ ... __H. arenicolor

27. Vocal slits present in males __ Voc;)l silts absent in males

.,-

.J I

:?s. Small frogs (snout-vent length in males less than 30 111m.); snout pointed; dorsum gray. tan, pale green, or yellow with or without dull green or

brown markings. ._. .. __ ... __ 29

Larger frogs; snout not pointed, or, if so, color pattern not as described ... 30

20. H cad narrow; snout protruding; we bbing 'd'stigi,ll between first and second tOes (fic:. 4D); nuptial excrescence absent - _ ... _._ H. staufferi staufferl

Head broad. B,lt; snout not protruding; webbing present between first and second toes: nuptial excrescence.

present. . H, smaragdina

30_ Dorsum uniform green or with tan mottling posteriorly; venter uniform

white or vellow '___31

Dorsum uniform brown or marked with dark blotches or spots; venter vari-

able . __ ._. __ . . .34

:31. Snout acutelv rounded in dorsal proJIle; limbs· slender; anal opening at upper bel of thighs; belly white. 32

Snout bluntlv rounded in dorsal profile; limbs ;110re robust; anal opening at rnidlevel of thighs; belly yellow

or dull cream . " ._. 33

3) Axillary membrane present (fig. 4E); feet two-thirds webbed; white stripe on outer edges of limbs distinct; iris

red in life _~. H _ eruthrommo

Axillary membrane absent; feet threefourths webbed; white stripe on outer edgcs of limbs indistinct; iris

golden in life ~ H_ miotympallum

»res- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Parter

Venter yelloxv: canthal strive bronze; webbing on bands vestigial; feet onehalf webbed: snout rounded in lateral

profile _ II. liazelae

Venter white :0 dull cream; canthal stripe black, hands one-fourth webbed; fed two-thirds webbed;

snout truncate in lateral profile .

. .. H. arborescandens

Snout short. .r uucutc: venter white with black spots on chest .. 11. thorectcs

Snout variabk; venter not white with

black spots on chest 35

Transverse bands on dorsal surfaces of

limbs _............. . 36

Transverse bands absent on dorsal surfaces of limbs; posterior surfaces of thighs marked with creamy yellow

Hocks _. 11. bistincta

Dorsum tubcrculate; diameter of tvmpanum less than 50 per cent that of

. eye; anal opening at midlevel of thighs; snout truncate in both sexes

.... _............. ... ._.... H. cltanequc

Dorsum smooth; diameter of tympanum more than so per cent that of eye; anul opening at ventral surfaces of thighs; snout acuminate and protruding in males, blunt in fe-

males __ __ _ H. tacniopHs

Snout acuminate; fingers one-half

webbed; distinct transverse bands on limbs; venter yellow; prcpollex moderately enlarged and devoid of a nuptial excrescence _ ... _ .. H. altipotetis

Snout bluntly rounded or truncate; fingers less than one-half webbed; coloration not as described; prepollex greatly enlarged with or without

nuptial excrescence _.38

Axillary membrane present (fig. 4£); nuptial excrescences absent skin

thin .. _ .. _-._ . __ _ _ .. _ : .. _ _ .. 39

Axillary membrane absent; nuptial excrescences present; skin thick and

glandular _ _ .. _....... . .40

39. Snout in dorsal profile truncate; diameter of tympanum less than 50 pcr cent of eye; feet three-fourths webbed; dorsum dark green with darker reticulations .... H. cliaradricoia

Snout in dorsal profile pointed; diameter of tympanum more than 50 per cent of eye; feet two-thirds webbed; dorsum yellowish tan with brown

necks H. chryses

40. TYIllP~lllUIl1 concealed by supratyrnpanic fo kl; nuptial excrescence consistillg or clump of spines (fig. II C);

snout round ... ll. pacllydcrnw

Tympanum not concealed, nuptia l excrescence consisting 01 small spin-

ulcs; snout variable 41

41 Snout truncate ill dorsal view; rostra I keel absent; thoracic: fold absent: dorsum pale; Hanb and edges of

limos dark brown I I. pcnthcter

Snout rounded in dorsal YJeW, or, jf truncate, a rostral keel present (fig. 4G); webbing on hand vestigial: thoracic fold present or absent, dorsum not paler than flanb. 42

-12. Snout truncate- ill dorsal .md latera] profiles; rostral keel present (fig.

4G ).. . 11. siopela

Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral profiles; rostral keel absent ........43

43. Venter uniformly white._. H, bogcrtae

Venter dusky or spotted " . .44

44. Thoracic fold present (fig. 4F); feet four-fifths webbed _ ..... H. robertsorum Thoracic fold absent; feet fully webbed

__ ._" _ _ _ _ _........ H. crassa

Recopilacion de claves para fa determinacion de Anfiblos y Reptiles de Mexico 3]

.... ~.

KEY TO THE SPEClES AND SUBSPECIES

OF H ula IN NORTHERN CENTRAL AMERICA (ISTfL\fUS OF TEHUA:-';TEPEC-HoNDURAS Ixcr.ucrxc YUCATA:-.r PENINSULA)

1. Small species (less than 35 111m. in snout-vent length) having unpigmented or uniformly yellow thighs; dorsum usually yellow with darker

markings .. . . .______ 2

},fostly larger species; thighs not uniformly colored or lacking pigment;

dorsum not yellow . ... . ._. . __ 8

2. Dorsolateral white lines present, COIl-

tinuous to groin or nearly so . 3

Dorsolateral white lines absent, or, if present, not extending postenor to

sacrun1 .~ __ ._. .. ._._~ . 4

3. Dorsola teral line broad; flanks

yellow_.. . __ ~ . ._ ~ H. pieta

Dorsolateral line narrow; flanks and sides of head dark brown __ __ ... _~.~ .. ~

-- ... __ .. H. roberttnertensi

4. Snout truncate in dorsal view

5

8. Moderately large species (more than 45 mm. in snout-vent length); narrow middorsal dark line usually present on tan or gray dorsum; projecting prepollex in males (fig. 11 D) _. __ .. _

..... - -.-.~ -.. II. crepitans

No middorsal dark line or projecting

prepollcx . ._. ._._ _.. 9

9. Dorsum green with or without brown canthal stripe and brown spots or stripes posteriorly; sm all species (less than 40 rnrn. snout-vent length) _. __ 10

Dorsum not green, or, if so, large species with heavy brown mottling dorsally and dark flanks .... __ .. _ ... __._12

10. Dark brown canthal stripe and brown spots or stripes usually present pos-

teriorly on dorsum -_._ .. _ _ __ ._11

Dorsum uniform green or marked with faint tan blotches or darker green

reticulations . .. __ ._ 1I. miotijmpanurn

lL Posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown

with yellow spots ._ H. eupliorbiacea

Posterior surfaces of thighs uniform

tan _ .... ~. __ .. __ ._._. .... _ .... __ .... H. «calker!

Snout acuminate or acutely rounded in

dorsal view . ... __ . . .. ._ 6

5. Dorsal pattern consisting of irregular 'dark dashes, usually forming in X· shaped mark in scapular region and

an interorbital bar ~ __ ._ ..

--. H. microcepliala unrlcriooodi Dorsa I P[I ttern consisting of dark hourgbss-shaped mark, small spots, or

nothing .. _ H. ebraccata

6. Snout acutely rounded: dorsum uniformly yellowish tan; plantar surfaces of feet and ed zc of chin suffused with dark pigment .... __ .... _._ .. _

~~~ ~~-.- .. --.-- .. ----- .. --- ..... _. __ ._ n. bromeliacia Snout acuminate; dorswn yellow, pale green, or pale grny '-~ith small dar]; flecks or no markings. venter white.... 7

7. Tarsal fold absent; tympanum indis-

tinct; axillary membrane abbr evi. arcd, dorsum without dark flecks _' ..

.... __ ._ .. .. _.. H. sumichrasti

Tarsal fa ld present (fig< 4C); tympanum distinct; axil larv membrane extending at least midway to elbow; dark flecks present on dorsum.

Ii. melancnunn bicocata

12. Small species \ less than 30 mrn. snoutvent length) with acuminate protruding ~snout, dark longitudinal markings on gray or tan dorsum, and webbing reduced between first and

second toes (fig. 4D)" __ .. ._ ..

..... If. staufJeri stauffcri

Larger species lacking an acuminate protruding snout and having welldeveloped web between first and second toes: dorsal pattern variable,

not linear .... _ .. . ._._. ... . 13

13. Dorsum tubercular; flanks dark brown or bLck \\'ith pale flecks; dorsum mottled GLIck or dark brown and

dark green: size large, to SO mm, __

__ .___ H. cluuieque

Dorsum smooth; flanks pale; dorsum tan, pale brown, or gray, not boldly mottled; size medium, less than 50

I11111. . ... ~~~. ~~ .. .. __ . __ ... .... __ ._.14

14. Extensive axillary membrane (fig. 4E);

webbing red in life '.__ H. loquax

No axillar: membrane; webbing brown

. ... __ H. saloadorensis

-viltelo, Mendoza-Quijano y Gottraler-Porter

I ,..: ,.~"

KEY TO TIlE SPECWS OF Pternohyla

Bony ridge extending from point between nostrils to tip of snout; snout in dorsal profile acutely rounded; tips of digits expanded into small discs; outer edge' of inner metatarsal tulxrclc- elevated (fig. 4C); vocal sacs

COllI icct eel mcdinlly ill breeding

lilalc!.; P. [odieus

No bony ridg;c extending antcrimly from a point between nostrils; SHout bluntly rounded in dorsal profile; tips of cligi ts not expanded; inner metatarsal tubercle round in section; vocal '<;;1('.'; wid"k s('pnnll'('d mr«] in 1Jy ill

hrl'l'dillg !IIUJl'S P, dCIl((}{(J

1 I

J ~ I

Recopilacion de clavcs pam la determinacion de Anflbios y Reptiles de Mexico 33

h:1':Y TO 'j'JU:. Sn:C:IES ANIJ SUBSPECIES OF Puichohula

1. A wonk talsal fold; outer fingers OI1Cthird webbed: males having nuptial spines (fig. l l C}, color ill I ifc tan or brown with blotches or reticula, tions, never green; iris bronze or

copper . .. .. .. _ 2

No tursu l {old; outer flngcrs haVing only vestige or web; males lacking nuptuil tuberosities; color in life

green or brown, iris reel or bronze 5

2, Cllc'st, (hroat,',md flanks usually having black or brown spots; no distinct white stripe OIl upper lip or on Hanks; a faint white line usually present above <lIlUS; a rostral keel

present __ . __ J

Chest, tliro<] t, <mel flanks usually UJlspotted; distinct white line on upper lip arid on fbnk present or not; white line above anus faint or well defined,

110 rostra! kee 1 .. .. __ 4

4_ A distinct, broad, white lateral stripe usually present: usua l.y a distinct white- line above anus: a distinct white stripe all upper lip

_____ P. cutlnjsanota ulltliuwnolu No white lateral stripe; a faint white stripe above anus; no distinct white

stripe on upper lip .

P_ e utlujsanota macrotum PUntll))

:3, Interorbital distance much grcJ.ter than width of eyelid, spots 011 throat and chest black; spots only occasionally present on belly; flanks marbled with black and white; nuptial spines

small. ,1S many as 80 on one thumb _

----- --- P. Ieonhordschultzei

Interorbital distance about equal to width of eve lid, spots on chest and throa t br own or black; spots usually present on belly; flanks having round brown or b l.ick spots; nuptial spines moderate in size, conical, seldom marc th;1n h() nn nnn l-h,,~.l,

o. A distinct. broad, lateral stnpe, a white striptc on upper lip expanded to form a large spa: below eye; hidden surfaces of thi ghs and webs of feet not orange to r ed in life; internarial area slight]>, depressed; diameter of tympanum gre,;_ter than one-half diumc-

ter of eye '. (j

No latcru l \\:1ite stripe; no stripe on upper lip; .n life dorsum green; hidden surface-s of thighs and webs of feet orange or red; intcrnur ial urea Hat; diameter of tympanum less than one-half di i.meter of evc ; P. ignic%J'

6. Webs of feet and posterior surfaces of thighs cr earn, dorsum in life reddish

brown; iris bright red _

____________ P, sclnnidtoru m sclnnidtcru m

Webs of feet and posterior surfaces of thighs pale- brown; dorsum in life

green; iris r eddish bronze . _

__________ . ~~_ P_ schrnidiorurn clvaniulac

su-:«, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porler

:J::;Y TO THE SPEClES OF Smilisca

;er frogs (males, 76 mm.; females,

mm.) having broad, flat beads d a dark brown or black postortal mark encompassing tympan-

n . ..... . .. _ 2-

ller frogs (males, 45 mm.; females, mm.) having narrower heads and 2king a dark brown or black postbitul mark encompassing tym-

mum

4

barred; flanks cream with bold own or black mottling in groin; ister ior surfaces of thighs brown ith cream flecks .. __________. S. baudinii : not barred; narrow white labial ripe present; flanks not cream with lId brown or black mottling in oin; posterior surfaces of thighs

u ia b Ie. , . __ .. .___________________________ 3

iks and anterior and posterior surces of thighs dark brown with pale .ue spots on flanks and blue spots

1 thighs s· ti t

.-------_____ • CY(lTlOS tC a

Flanks cream with fine black venation; posterior surfaces of thighs pale_ brown with or without darker flecks' of small cream spots _" .... S. phaeota

4. Fingers having only vestige of web; diameter of tympanum two-thirds that of eye; dorsum tan with pair of

broad brown stripes ..... . __ .... S. puma

Fingers about one-half webbed; diameter of tympanum about one-half that of eye; dorsum variously marked

with spots Or blotches .......... .. 5

'j

{f

i r 1

I

.s. Snout short, truncate; vocal sacs in breeding males dark gray or brown; blue spots on flanks and posterior surfaces of thighs. S. sila

Snout long, sloping, rounded; vocal sacs in breeding males white; cream or pale blue flecks on flanks and pos-

terior surfaces of thighs .... S. sordula

j

!

Recopllaclon de claves para fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 3:

KEY TO SPECIES AND SUIlSPECIES OF Triprion

1. Tip of snout upturned; dermal sphenethmoid visible through skin; OdOIltoids absent from palatines; vocal

sac bilobate .. T. pet asatus

Tip of snout not upturned; dermal sphenethmoid absent; odontoicls present on palatines; vocal sac single

and median . .... 2

2. Dorsum uniformly yellowish-tan to olive-green or marked by minute flecks or dashes

T. spatulatus spaiulat us Dorsum yellowish tan with dark brown

reticulations and spots .

T. spatulatus reticulatus

NOTAS: Desde la publ icacion de esta monograffa se han descrito varias especies: H. juanitae (Snyder, D. H. 1972. Hyla juanit ae, a new tree frog from Southern Mexico and its relationship to H. plnorum. lour. Herpetol. 6(1):5-15); H. mykicr, e H. trux (Adler, K. and D. M. Dennis. 1972. New tree frogs of the genus Hyla from the cloud forest of west em Guerrero, Mexico. Oecas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist, Univ. Kansas 7:1-19); fly/a cembra, Hyla cyanomma, e H. sabrina (Caldwell, J. 1974. A re-evaluation of the Hyla bistinct a species group, with descriptions of three new species (Anura: Hylidae), Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 28: 1-37.); H. chimalapa, e. H. xera (Mendelson, I. R. Y I. A. Campbell. 1994. Two new species of the Hyla sumichrasti group (Amphibia: Anura:

Hylidae) from Mexico. Proc, BioI. Soc. Wash. 107(2);398-409) y se han hecho varios cambios nornenclaturales a nivel de genero como algunas especies de Ptychohyla a Duellmanohyla (Campbell, J. A. and E. N. Smith. 1992. A new frog of the genus Ptychohyla (Hylidae) from the Sierra de Santa Cruz, Guatemala and description of the new genus of middle american stream-breeding tree frogs. Herpetologica 48(2): 153-167) y una especie de Ololygon (en esta clave se reconoce como flyla) a Scinax (Duel lman , W. E. and I. J. Wiens. 1992. Thestatus of the hylid frog genus Ololvgon and the recognition of Sci II a.-.; Wagler, 1830. Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist, Univ. Kan~"~ 1" 1· 1_?1

36 Flo res- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

"',.- .. -

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Plectrohyla

FUENTE: Duellrnan, W. E. ar.J J. Campbell. 1992. Hylid frogs of the genus Plectrohyla: Systemal phylogenetic relationships. Misc. Pub!' Mus. Zool. Univ, Mich. 181: 1-32.

Se reproduce con permiso del primer au lor.

1. Prepollical process bifid : 2

Prepollical process flat, blunt, or pointed, not bifid 6

2. Anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs with bold black

or dark green and cream markings P. hartwegi

Anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs not so

marked 3

3. Dorsum with closely packed round tubercles .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. guatetnalensis

Dorsum with scattered tubercles 4

4. Tubercles on dorsum conical; dorsum dull olive-green or gray with large olive-green spots .... P. acanthodes Tubercles on dorsum round; coloration not as de-

scribed 5

5. Tubercles on dorsum small; size large (>65 mm); web-

bing on feet dull green; vocal slits absent .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. teuchestes

Tubercles on dorsum large; size smaller «66 mm); webbing on feet bright red; vocal slits present in

males P. pokomchi

6. Prepollical process pointed, knifelike 7

Prepoilical process blunt, not knifelike .' 11

7. Size large (>70 mm); vocal slits absent; dorsum uni formly green, smooth except for tubercles on

head P. auia

Size smaller «50 mm); vocal slits present in males; d or.

sum brown with variable tuberculation 8

8. Vertical rostral keel present 9

Vertical rostral keel absent 10

9. Snout acuminate in dorsal view; small dark flecks on

flanks P. sagorum

Snout blunt in dorsal view; large brown spots on

flan ks P. quecchi

10. Snout acuminate in dorsal view; broad pale lateral stripe bordered below by narrow dark line usually pre-

sent P. ixil

Snout truncate in dorsal view; lateral dark line or series of dark spots present, but broad pale lateral stripe

., h<:F'n t , P. matudai

Recopilacion de cloves para la determinacioll de Arfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 37

" _- .... ---

11. Dorsum strongly tubcrculate, marked by bold, irregular,

dark spots; nuptial excrescences absent .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . P. te cunumani

Dorsum weakly tuberculate or smooth; pattern not as

described; nuptial excrescences present 12

12. Dorsum bronze with black spots narrowly outlined with

lime-green; vocal slits present P. dasypus

Dorsum not so marked; vocal slits absent 13

13. Dorsum tan with irregular brown markings (in preserva-

tive); inner tarsal fold f1aplike P. lacertosa

Dorsum not tan with irregular brown markings; inner

tarsal fold not flaplike 14

14. Dorsum greenish gray with or without darker markings;

outer tarsal fold present P. glandulosa

Dorsum (in preservative) grayish brown with bluish tan

flecks; outer tarsal fold absent P. pychnochila

38 Flo res- Villela, Mendota-Quijano y Gonralcz-Portcr

KEY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF TADPOLES OF PLECTROHYLA

1. Oral disc greatly expanded into a suctorial structure, as

wide as or nearly as wide as body 2

Oral disc smaller, not expanded into a suctorial struc-

ture 3

2. Lips extending laterally beyond side of snout; single row of large, discrete papillae between fringing papillae

and first upper labial toothrow P. hartuiegi

Lips not extending laterally beyond side of snout; distinct smooth, sharply raised fold between fringing papillae and first upper labial tooth row .... P. teuchestes 3. Upper jaw sheath with enlarged pointed serrations to

either side of midline 4

Upper jaw sheath with blunt or pointed serrations sube-

qual in size 6

4. One or two enlarged fanglike serrations on either side

of upper jaw sheath P. matudai

Three or four enlarged fanglike serrations on either

side of upper jaw sheath P. ixil

5. Lips having two rows of small fringing papillae; lower

labial rows subequal in length 6

Lips having a single row of small fringing papillae; lower

labial tooth rows subequal in length or not ']

6. Nostrils about midway between eyes and tip of snout .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. guaiemalensis

Nostrils about one-third distance from eyes to tip of

snout _ P. pokomchi

7. Lower labial tooth rows subequal in length 8

Third lower labial tooth row shorter than others 10

8. Lateral processes of upper jaw sheath absent. P. dasypus Lateral processes of upper jaw sheath short, narrow .. 9

9. Row of discrete, large papillae between fringing papillae

and outer tooth rows on both lips P. avia

Row of discrete, large papillae between fringing papillae and outer tooth row only on lower lip .. P. acanthodes

10. No papillae lateral to jaw sheaths P. quecchi

At least a few large papillae lateral [Q jaw sheaths .... 11 II. Lateral processes on upper iaw sheath weaklv df'vpl-

Recopilacion de claves para [a determinacion de Aufib

oped P. sa

Lateral processes on upper jaw sheath absent .

12. Numerous small papillae lateral to jaw sheaths .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. tecun

No more than two to four large papillae lateral I

sheaths P. glan

i

I [<

t

40 Florcs- Villela, Mendota-Quijano y Gonuilez-Porter

CLA VE PARA LOS GENEROS DE LA FAMILIA LEPTOD A CTYLIDAE

FUENTE: Lynch, J. D. 1971. Evolutionary relationships, osteology and zoogeography ofleptodactyJid fro Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publs, 53: 1-238.

Se reproduce con permiso del autor.

1. Cranial bones involved in dermo-

stosis " __ _. _________________.c. 2

Cranial bones not involved in der-

mostosis ._c > ••••• • -- --"._.___ 4

2. Toes fully webbed __ . __ " Caudioerbera Toes less than two-thirds webbed

____________________ " 3

11. Antebrachial tubercles present __ .. _"

- - ..... _. .___ Pseudopaludicola

Antebrachial tubercles absent _. __ ....

... _ _ _._ -- __ ._ .. Pleurodema

12. Prevomerine teeth absent ..... _ ..... __

.......... - __ Plujsalaemus

Prevorneriue teeth present, on well

defined processes _ .. . . __ " _" 13

l3. Eyelid bearing fleshy tubercles ... _

.......... _._ _ _.__ _. Edalorhina

Eyelid without fleshy tubercles L; 14

l4. Sternal element sty Ie shaped 15

Sternal clement irregular in outline,

pia te-like _._ .. _ __ Paratelmatobius

15. Sternal style bifurcate posteriorly __ _.______________ Barucholos

Sternal style not bifurcate posteriorly

_··. " c_> •• • c ._. ._. 16

3. Pupil horizontal; outer metatarsal

tubercle absent __ .. "_ Ceraiophrijs

Pupil vertical, outer metatarsal tubercle present __ Lepidobattaclius

4. Pupil vertical __ ._ c_ .>._ •• __ 5

Pupil horizontal ._ _._ .. . 9

5. S ternurn a broad cartilaginous

(sometimes calcified ) plate __ .... _ 6

Sternum bearing a distinct bony or

calcified style __ ._. __ ._. ~_._._._________ 8

6. Toes fully webbed _. .. __ .... _. __ . 7

Toes free of webbing II ulorina

7. Parotoid gland present; digital tips

simple Telmatobujo

Parotoid gland absent; digital tips

pad-Iike ......_ .... H eleoplinjne

8_ Toes fully webbed ._. Hijdrolaetare

Toes free or basally webbed _. . _

- -- ••• _c ._ •• __ ••• _. __ • ._..... Lim nomeilusa

9. Sternum with a distinct bony or cal-

cified style .-- . ._ :. 10

Stern\ll1l a cartilaginous, calcified, or

osseous plate 17

16. Terminal phalanges distinctly Tshaped; digital discs with circumferential groove __ . __ ._ .... _._. ,LitllOdytes

Terminal phalanges knobbed or weakly Tvshaped; no circumferential

groo\'(' on digital discs _._ _._. __ ..

._. __ .. _ Le ptodacujlus

1/. Dorsal surface of each digital pad bearing a pair of scute-like glands

-------_. __ ... ---- . ... . ._.18

10. Ouadratojugal bone absent Quadratojugal bone present

11 12

Dorsa I surface of digital pad or tip

without distinct glands _. ..... _ 20

18_ Quaclratojugal absent or present only as a sliver-like bone; small frogs,

adults less than 40 mm. SVL 18

Quadratojugal massive; adults 50 to 110 rum. SVL ... _ .. _. __ .. __ .. Megaelosia

19. Mules with median subgular vocal sac; nuptial spines present; prevomerine teeth usually absent; quad-

r~'I-()i,,(r·.ll l"Hi'~ '_"Il,o;,:o-nf

Rccopilaciou de claves para la determinacion de Anflblos y Reptiles de Mexico 41

Males with paired lateral vocal sacs or none; nuptial spines absent; prevomerine teeth usually present;

quadratojugaI present II ylodes

20. Tips of at least outer digits bearing transverse, terminal groove along

edge' of digital pad ._. . ._. 21

Tips of digits wil hout terminal

30. Tympanic annulus absent _._._. .. ,'j]

Tympanic annulus visible externally

or concealed beneath skin , 33

grooves

_. . . __ .. 23

31. Fingers short, especially fourth Bngcr

___ . . . ._-. _ Euparkerella

Fingers of normal proportions to

long --------_ .. _. . . 32

32. Toes fully webbed_. . __ " . __

__ . .. __ . .- -- ------. Batrachophrijnus

Toes free to two-thirds webbed

_____ . '_'_'>0'_" ._._ Eupsophus (part)

__________ . __ ._. and Nicejoronia (part)

21. i\laxillary arch toothless . __ . _

._. . ._. . __ . Sm inthillus

\h.\illary arch toothed _._ _ 22

22. Lumbar gbllli present ....

____ ... _ ... To inodacujlus

Lu m hur gland absent ._ . .. _. _

_. Eleutherodactulus and Sijrrhoplius

2:3. Terminal phalanges Tvshaped or Y-

shaped .'" .____ ._ .. _ .. . __ 24

Terminal phalanges knobbed _. .26

24. Digital pads large, tympanum absent __. __ ._ .. _._ Crossodactulodes

Digital pads relatively narrow; tym-

panum visible externally . __ 25

25. Quadratojugal bone present ._ ...

------------- . --- . . .. __ Thoropa

Oundrutojugal bone absent __ ._._. __ .

___ . . __ ._ .. Batraclujla

26. Quadratojugal bone absent .. _

---.-- .... _------ -- .. Pseudopaludicola

Quadratojugal bone present 27

27. Sternum an osseous plate . _

-------------.- ----_____________ Pataielmatobius

Sternum cartilaginous . ._. __ 28

28. Supernumerary plantar tubercles

large, numerous .. 29

Supernumerary plantar tubercles

absent or small ._________ .. __ 30

29. Discoidal fold present ... __ . _

--------_ --___ I1 y lacioplmjne

33_ Tympanum visible externally __ .34

Tympanum concealed beneath skin

,,-

---------_ .. _-- ---------------_. __ ._---------- ---.----.-.-~;:)

34. Large frontoparietal crests present __

________ .______._. Amblypl1riJnus

No cranial crest. Eupsophus (part)

_______ ._. . and Nicejoronia (part)

35. Inner metatarsal tubercle spade-like

elevatcd. . .___ 36

Inner metatarsal tubercle not ele-

vated or spade-like . .. __ .... 37

36. Large cranial crests present; parotid

glands absent . ., ..

___________ .. ._ Proceratoplrnjs (part)

Frontoparietal region flat or edge of frontopar ictu Is slightly ridge-like; parotoid glands present or absent .. ___________ ._____________________ Odontop II Ty n us

37. Cranial crests present _

--- . __ Proceratophrus (part)

Cranial crests absent .. .38

38. Metatarsal tubercles flat, sub-equal

in size ._______ Holotulen

I nner meta tarsal tubercle at least twice as large as outer. 39

39_ Outer mctnt arsul tubercle minute, less than one-fourth size of inner;

_l.l

Flores- Villela, Mendora-Quijano y Gonr/iler-Port cr

Outer metatarsal tubercle larger, about one-third to one-half sizc of inner; toes free or webberl; if webbeel, outer tubercle one-half size of

ill ncr ... .. __ .. '-'-,,_, __ ,,'-_. __ , ... __ .40

Skin or dorsum uniformly pustular, toes free or webbed; large inguinal

gland present .. Csjcioranvphus

Skin or dorsum smooth or with scattered pustules; toes frec of webbing;

inguinal gbnd absent 41

Inner fi ngers and toes very short

___ .-._ Scythrophrys

Fingers and toes of normal length

-.----_ .. .-.. . . ._. ._._. __ 42

Tongue frce all around, anterior edge only slightly free; if appearing adherent anteriorly, axillary patag-

ium present ._ .. _ ... Zacliaenus

Tongue firmly adherent anteriorly;

axillrtry patagium absent. _

__ . .. __ . Eupsophus (part)

.... and Nicejoronia (part)

fAS: Fst:'l rl:'lv~ inrIIIVf>" v~r;(]~ n,':nprrlo n

Recopilacion de chives para la determinacion de Anfiblos y Reptiles de Mexico 43

,

. Q. _"

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Eleutlrerodactylus DE LOS GRUPOS mexlcanus y hobartsmithl

FUENTE: Lynch, 1. D. 1970. Taxonomic notes on some mexican frogs (Eleutheroc!actylus; Leptodactylidae). Herpetologica, 26(2): 172-180.

Se reproduce con perrniso del autor,

1. Two palmar tubercles; rclntively small frogs (adults less than

2.5 mrn SVL) ' .. __ .... ' , __ " , " __ " __ " (houartsmith i group) 2

Three palmar tubercles; larger frogs (adults 25--45 mm SVL)

_ .... _--,--------_ .... _--" ""------,------------" ( mcxicanus group) 3

2, Tarsus bearing a row of tubercles along its outer edge ,, __

________ ,,,_____"".. __ " __,, ,, ". , __ " liobartsm it hi

'Tarsus lacking tubercles on outer edge" . "' , P!Jgmaells

3, First finger longer than second: inner mctatn rsal tubercle

compressed; vocal slits in males occidentalis

First finger as long as Or slightly shorter tluu: second fil1l!cr; inner mctatarsa l tubercle not COmt1lTs.\ccl; males LlCCill1,!;

vocal slits ." ,, ,________________ 4

,J. \fetatarsal tubercles subequn] in size ,5

Inner metatarsal tu berclc <1 bout t wice the ~ize of the outer,__ 6

,J, Prevomerine teeth abseil t . . sariori

Prevomerme teeth present , ",__. greggi

6, Inner metatarsal tubercle nearly as long as first toe; skin of

venter areolatc. ,, ,, ,, __ . omilteman [IS

Inner metatarsal tubercle about one-half to two-thirds as long

as first toe; skin of venter smooth _" __ " __ , . . ~

7. Outer edge of tarsus bearing a rO\V of small tubercles; color

pattern polymorphic in r:-lOs.t p?lml~ltions . mexicanus

44 Flores- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

.-

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DELGRUPO rugulosus DE Eleutherodactylus

FUENTE: Savage, J. M. 1975. Systematics and distribution of the mexican and central american stream frogs related to Eleutherodactyllls rusulosus, Copeia, 1975(2):254-306.

Se reproduce con permiso del editor de Copeia.

l a.

Lnncr tarsal fold absent; dorsum extremely tuberculatc and pustular; a distinct para-anal light bar on posterior

surface of each thigh .. _ __ 2

Inner tarsal fold a distinct ridge or flap: dorsum smooth to rugose; no p;lra-

;] n:1I lig-lll bar on posterior surface of

thighs _ __ .. __ . __ .. __ . __ . __ .. __ 3

Basal toe webbing only. much marc than 4 phalanges on toe IV free of webs; tympanum indistinct in males.

I b.

:?a.

21>.

hidden in females; adult males with vocal slits and nuptial pads (Honduras)

______________________ ._ milcsi

:->foderate toe webbing, about 4 I'halanges on toe IV free of webs; tympanum distinct in males. indisti net in females; adult males without vocal slits but with nuptial pads (Guatemala) ....

........................... _ __ rna I 11 cia i

Strong to extensive toe wcbbi ng. considerably less than 4 phalanges on toe IV free of webs; a distinct flesll;' toe

fringe .. : _ __ 'I

Basal to moderate toe webbing. 4 or more phalanges free of webbing on toe IV; usually no distinct fleshy toe

fringes _ _ _ 6

Toe disks definitely to st:ongl y ex· panded, at least I,;) times width of digit; adult males with vocal slits and

nuptial pads __ ._.............__ -- ::,

Toe disks weak. barely wider than digit; adult males with \'0(;11 slits-but Licking nuptial pads (Costa Rica and Pn n.nna)

----....... ..... ••.•.• __ .. _ ... _. __ ..• __ ..•.. _ (a unl5

Canthus rosrralis rounded; underside of tibial segment barred', venter white in

life (Honduras) . m cie n d on cn sis

Canthus rostra lis sharp; u ndcraidc of tibial segment clear or reticulated; ve ntcr pale yellow in adul ts in life; dorsum strongly granulate to rugose (Costa Rica

and Panama) __ _._ punctariolus

Throat, venter and underside of limbs withour large discrete dark spots. although often marked with dark pig. mcnt: posterior thigh surface \\·itl!out large light spots, al though small light 'POtS, rarely larger than roe disks, oftcn present: groin uniform. dark spotted

3a.

3b,

4;:t,

4b,

5a.

5b.

Sa.

n '

w11h

rntHnlf'- ....

i«

'Lbro.u, venter and underside of liuibs marked with distinct large dark spots; posterior thigh surface marked with large clear light spots on a dark brown Lackgrou nd, some SPOtS at least twice as large as toe disks: a complex rnar k i ng 0/ dark with brge light sPOts ill groin; a weak inner tarsal ridge (Guatemala)

. ... _ ..... ._... ...... _ ..... _._ .. __ U ioccii i

:'IIoderate toe webbing. about 4 phalanges free of webs on toe IV .. _ .... __ 8

Basal toe webbing. considerably more than 4 phalanges free of webs on toe

IV ... _. . ._. __ .. _ .. . __ ._._. II

Posterior thigh surface usua llv with small discrete light spots on a dark

brown ground color _ _ __ .. 9

Posterior thigh surface mottled, blotched,

Iineare, suffused or uniform _ 10

Adult moles with vocal slits but lacking nuptial pads; dorsum uniform; veut er pale yellow in live adults; first finger USLJ:Jlly equal to or shorter than second

(Panallla) _ azucroe nsis

Adult males without vocal slits and nuptial pads; dorsum usually spotted or blotched: venter usuallv white in live adults. but some po pu lat io ns have pale

or golden yellow venters; first finger usually longer than seco n d (:-..rexico to

Panama) ------- __ .-. __ _. T1/g1//05liS

Toe disks definite. about 1.5 times width of digit; venter white in life: dorsum obscurclv blotched; adult males wit l; vocal slits but lacking nuptial pads

(i\fc:-.:ico) . __ .. _ .. _ .. _ _ .• .roralts

Toe disks weak, barely expanded; ventcr pale yellow in adults in life; dorsum uniform or spotted; adult males with both vocal slits a nd u upt iul pads (Costa

Rica and Panama) .... __ [lcisch man ni

Toe disks definite, about 1.5 times width of digits; posterior thigh surface

usua Hv suffused or uniform _ .. __ _ 12

Toe disks weak, barely expanded; pos~ terior thigh surface usually mottled or blotched, rarely l incu t.e, suffused or u n i-

form .. --- __ _ .. 10

FiLlgcr disks weak, hardy expanded; dorsum brown to grey. spotted; venter ill adults in life pale yellow. bright or:lllgc or red: adult males without \'ocd slits hut with nupr ia l [lads (Cose\

7b,

8a.

Sb.

9a .

%.

l Oa.

io».

I la.

I 1 b,

Recopllacion de cloves para fa determinacion de Auflbios y Reptiles de Mexico 45

I:!IJ. hnger disks ddilli[(:, aiiout l\\'icc wrd t h of di:.;ils 011 [ing'cls Ill-I\!; dorsum u n i Io rm cla rk purple; venter bright tomato rcci l!l :1tiuils in life: adult males ,,'jtll \'001 slits and nuptial pilds (Cosla Rica:

fig. l . St andar ds for aruou nt and paucrn of 11~ro:1( :)lId chest pigmcn{alion ill the r"g1~lo.w5

g ruu p of Etc ntherodn ctvl us. A. Jmmacu latc: B.

l'!U1t:I:HC C. l Ica vilv nirrn...-." ,,,,). I

E

Fig, 2. Standards for amount and pattera of dorsal pigmentation in the rugulosus group of Ekulherodaclyius. A. linifonn; B. Spotted; C. Blotched.

- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

.~ ~.

E

Fig. ,i. St.urdar ds [or patterns in groin of the r~j~HloslI_.'f gruup of (he, genu ... Elcut.l.cro dactvln s (L.H{'ral vicw, head to left). A. Uniform; B. Dink :ipoaed; C. l.igllt spotted; 0. ;\Iollled; l~. Complex.

A

c

~

E

B

o

~~~

./ /.

~~

H

Fib· ·1. T Sta nda rds for amouur :::HC} patll,;rns of prgtncru auor, on posterior thigh surfaces in [lie rugulosus group of EleUlhtToda.Cly{u.s. A. Large spots; n. Sma H 'pots; C. 1lI0lchcd; D. ~,!ottlcd; E. I~In('jJ_te; f. Suffused: C. Cnifu"m; II, Par a-au a l light Oar.

A

D

B

E

F

F}g'". 5. Standards for amount and di st rihur iou dark pigment on uudcl"sidc of ubia l SCb'lllCIH in '~llgl~{OSHS group ot Elc ulltcrodactvlus, A. Clear:

Suffused; C. Bar red: D. Rcticularc: E. nOI\(! F. Bcld.

Recopilaciou de clavcs para fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mex!

'Ii-,' .-

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL CRUPO Eleutherodactylus gollmeri

FUENTE: Savage, J. M. 1987. Systematics and distribution of mexican and central amen can rainfro Eleutherodactylus gollmeri group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Fieldiana Zool. 33: 1-57,

Se reproduce can prerniso del editor del Field Museum.

lao Disks on fingers subeq ual . > •• '. > • •• • •••••• > ••• ' ••••••••••••••• " 2

I b. Disks on outer Z fingers (HI-fV) markedly larger than those on inner 2 (I-fI); males to 53 mm

in standard length, females to 66 mm E. noblei

~a. (I a) Toes with basal webbing, at most: no Ilcshy lateral roe fringes J

2b> (Ia) Toes moderately webbed. with web between toes Ill-IV extending nearly to distal subarticuiar tubercle on toe III and halfway between the proximal and penulurnate tubercle on toe IV', toes with conspICUOUS lateral fleshy fringes continuous with webs; males to 37 mm in standard

length. females to 58 mm . . . . . . . . . . . .. . E. mimus

3a. (23) Heel with 1-4 distinct small pustular t uberclcs or 1-2 large calcars: a distinct dark line along outer thigh margin; most finger disk covers slightly pointed to lanceolate, with swollen to

cuspidate disk pads; a distinct dark seat patch mark present , .. , .' , 4

3b. (2a) Heel smooth to rugose; no distinct dark stripe along outer thigh margin; finger disk covers round, with even disk pads', no distinct dark seat patch mark present. although sometimes some dark pigment around anus; males to 47 mrn in standard length, females to 80 rnrn

, , . . . . . . . . . .. . E. laticeps

4a. (3a) 1-2 large heel tubercles (calcars) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4b. (Ja) 1-4 more or less distinct small pustular tubercles on heel. " 6

Sa. (4a) A distinct serrate dark longitudinal stripe along ariterioventral surface of, thigh; outer tarsal

tubercles weak; dark scat patch mark a pair of dark brown spots above and lateral to anus, sometimes fused or extending ventrad for a short distance and discontinuous with dark posterior

thigh surface; malcs to 36,) mm in standard length, females to 54 rnrn E. gollmeri

Sb. (4a) No distinct longitudinal stripe along anterior thigh surface; well-developed tarsal tubercles; dark seat patch triangular and continuous wi th the dark are1!: of the lower posterior thigh surface, and darkest pigment along the upper margins; males to 32 mm in standard length, females to

47 mm .. . . .. . . '" . . . , E. lineatus

6a. (4b) Heel pustules weak; row of outer tarsal tubercles very weak or absent; males to 36 mm in

standard length, females to 58 mm . . . . . . . . . . .. . E. rostra lis

6b. (4b) Heel pustules well developed; row of outer tarsal tubercles distinct; males to 27 111m in standard

length, females to 39 mm ,.................. . E. chac

= disk pad }

= disk cover disk ungual flap = ungual flap

(skin flap above transverse groove)

FlG. 3. Terminology for digital disk features in Eleutherodacty[us.

ores-Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y GOllzalez-Porter

"".- P_.

LYNCH

rounded

FIG. 1. Lateral view of head in Eleutherodact yius »llmcri group showing differences in color pattern and .xual dimorphism in tympanum. Top, daiv eye mask; iale tympanum size and shape; bottom, barred pattern; .rnale tympanum size and shape.

disk

pad

supraorbitals supercilliarie

FIG 2 Ch i, . .

. . . aractenstlCs of dorsal intcg ,

ncnll~ Eleutherodacty!us. Note heel cal.r on right heel.

SAVAGE

ungual flap

~J{ "., .:_-

pad

l ... TERAl VIEW

,,~

pad . , -cover

'"' ~~:._, p ad i""

VENTRAL VIEW ungual ffap '<,

Indented

Mtched

DORSAL VIEW

DISK TERMINOLOGY

tubercles:

\j postorbital

I' upratympanlc aravertebrals

suprascapular anterior Posterior supra -axIllary

---------~~
J--\ .>: '\
_. 1
) I
/
smooth one calcar
\ . ~~~) ~~~)
\
/
i
four pustular tubercles two calcar s rcecopitacion de claves para fa determinacion de Arfibios y Reptiles de M

BASAL OUTLINE FORM
0 round
0 ovoid ~ flattened
0 elongate ~ prolectlnq
{J lanceolate
PROFILE
~ globular ~ obtuse
V conical ~ pungent
~ pointed
Symmetric Raised at Distal Margin DIGITAL TUBERCLES

FIG. 5, Standards for character states for subarticular tubercles in Eleutherodactylus.

HEEL TUBERCLES

FIG. 6. Heel ornamentation in the Eleutherodactylu, gal/meri group.

A

B

FIG. 7. Toe webbing and fringes in the Eleu dactylus gollmeri group, A, moderate webbing an tine: fleshy fringes; B, basal webbing and no Iring

Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

KNEE

~

--~-~~

-~~

5

----=-=-~-----~~------~-~---T

u

FIG. 10. Pattern on <interior surface of thigh and lower limb in the Eleutherodact yius gollmeri group; groin to left (see PP. 6-7 for dcscrint ions ;

Recopttacion de cleves para La determinacion de Aufibios y Reptile

t.- .. _,.

e

._.

f\

A

A'

B

c

D

E

FIG. 11. Standards for character states of dark seat patch marks in Eleuthcrodact yl us gal/mer! grou

\.

\

·.~

52 Flo res- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

• 'III" "--""~'.--~--- --

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECfES DE Syrrhopus

FUENTE: Lynch, J. D. 1970. A taxonomic revision of leptodactylid frogs genus Syrrhorus Cope. Univ. Kansas PubIs. Mus. Nat. Hist. lO( I): I AS.

Se reproduce con perrniso del autor,

1. Three laq.';l" \\'cll·cl(~vclop('d pahu.ir tli1H'rclcs 2

Two largot' palmar tuh(~rd('>; outer (third) palmar tubercle reduced

9

2. Digitnl rads more than twice (l1~ually three or morc ) times width of

digit _. . __ .. _... -- -.-.------.-----.-.-- 3

Digitnl pa(1s less thnn twice width of digit ... . . __ - -- .. ------------ 4

3. ~bks having vocal slits; dorsum ver micula tc: diann-Icr of tympnnum

ill ""des allllill oll,,-ll;df {\L'llld{'r of ere _ -- S. df'lillisi

l'dalcs lack ing vocal slits; clorxurn fleckcd, spotted, or blotched; dlam-

etcl of tYllljlanll111 in male about three-fourths that of eye S.longi)lcs

4. First fing('r longr-r thrln second _. .. .. .. .. __ ._. ----- .. ----------- .. ---. 5

First finger shorter them Or equal to second .. ... __ .____ .. .. 7

5. Venter smooth; dorsum spnttcd or vermiculntc .... ------- S. leprlls

Venter arcolutc, or if smooth. dorsum flecked :If"!d interorhital hilr

lacking . .. ._. . ... .. .. ,_.__ 6

6. Venter areolate; interorbital b.n prescnt; grollnd color yellowish ----- .. -

__ ... . .. .__ ... ' ... . ... S_ c!/stigllilliloides cfpiigllalhoidcs

Venter smooth; interorbital liar absent; ground color brown .------ ----.--

_ .. ... . .. . S. c!/stigrwtlwides campi

7. F~rst finger shorter than second; digital tips only slightly dilated; green.

in life with darker green spots . .. .. S. vernlc!pes

First finger equal to second; digital tips slightly to moderately expanded 8

8. Dorsum vcnniculate: intcrurhltal h,lr present; gruunrl color cream to

hlilIV11 in life . . .. .. S_ guuilaius

Dnrsilill punctate or flecked; inturur liitul bar nbscnt; grOirnd color gre-Fn

in life _ . .. __ ...... __ ,, __ . . ...... .... _ ... S.mamockU

9. Dor surn dark with pale (red in life) spots; digital pads not expanded

---.-.-- __ _. .. _ .. _ .. . . ._ __ __ S. ruhrinuiculatus

Dorsu.n pale with dark markings and digital pads slightly to widely

c.'pandcd ._. .. _ __ .. ._ .... ._ 10

10. ])iglt'll tips not widely' exp:1l1ded; tymp.murn well-defined; Oilier meta-

tMsal lll!'l'rcl~ ilwrc (["U1 !)I,,·-half ~i7l' of inller ._._ ... __ . ._ .... _ .. _ ... __ 11

Di)!il:'] lips wid,'ly j'xpaud,'d, tlllll('aU- ill ourliue-; tympnnuui poorly dr'!ill('d, nulur ulclalarsal tlll'l'n.:le Ie.~s than ouc-lurll size of inne-r ... _ .. __ .. __ 12

11. ])"r"llIl rlar k ],,.,,wn with large ligl,t spots or hlotehes; tyrupuuum/cyc

! alill lIS II ally gn,,,ter tliau 4.1 per cent _ .... __ ... _ .. _ ... _ .. S_ )Ji]Jiitms pi/,ilalls lJ(jr~IIJ1l dark l.rown with small Jigllt spots; tympnnum/eyo ratio less

lh~n ·18 percent __ _ _. __ __ ._ S. pipi/tws IWllhloslIS

12.

Lif::ht intcrorl,it<ll bar prcson! _ .. _ .. . ._ 13

Light intc-rorl ntu l bar a],senl . .. __ 14

13. Adults smul] , less than 22 IIllll. snout-vent lenglh with a hroad mid-

dOI"S.11 stripe; dark bands on shank narrower than light interspaecs __

-- --.-------. .. _.____ _ . . ._. S. nioocolirllae

Adllits larger, more than 22 Jl!Tll. snout-vent length; dorsum verrni-

clIbte; dark bands on shank broader than light intcrspaces __

c::" inl ... rnf"h"{nl;('

Recopilacion de claves para fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 53

14. DOfSUlIl spotted with discrete black spots; pattern definite ._ S. modestus

Dorsum reticulate or vernuoulatc, pattern poorly defined .... .. 15

15. Adults small, less Ulan 21 nun. snout-vent length; upper ann not

banded __ .. .. .. _ .. S. IJQ[(id!l_~

Adults larger, usually greater than 21 nun. snout-vent length; upper

ann banded .. .. .. . __ .. - .. S _ terciistes

NOTAS: Todas estas especies actualmente se consideran dentro cl~f "e':nf'r{'\ 1-.-,o"tI"m-~~~ ·, _

54 Flo res- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECfES DE Tomodactylus

FUENTE: Dixon, J. R. i995. Key to Tomodactyills. En O. Flores Y., F. Mendoza Q., y G. Gonzalez P. (cornps.). Recopilucidn de claves para la determinacion de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM.

Elaborada por el autor para esta recopilacion.

1. Tips of two outer fingers conspicuously expanded and truncate, one and one-half to twice the width of the narrowest part of

digit 2

Tips of two outer fingers not conspicuously expanded and not more than one and one-fourth times narrowest part of digit

· . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • . . • • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • . . • • . . . . • • • • .• 7

2. Thigh color brown or black with spots of gold or red. 3 6

...... " t + .

Thigh color uniform brown or tomato red .. : .

3. Dorsum more or less unicolor (may be slightly mottled)

· ....•.......•.... , . . • • • . • • • . . • . . • . . • . . . • • . • • . • • . • •• 4

Dorsum mottled with dark olive, brown or black on lighter

ground color 5

4. Upper lip dark brown with small white spots, dorsal and poster ior surfaces of thighs bright orange, dorsum gray with obscure black mottling, venter heavily mottled with black ...

................... syristes (Sierra Miahuatlan, Oaxaca)

Upper lip brown with white or slivery line, dorsal and posterior surfaces of thighs uniform brown with an orange-red to red spot on its posterior surface and in the groin; dorsum uniform olive, olive brown or reddish · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. albolabris (lower p i.ne+oa k woodland of Sierra del sur, Guerrero)

5. Large immaculate reddish brown spots on thighs, venter pigmented with whitish sUbcircular spots, dorsum mottled gray or

brown . . . . . . . . . . . .. dilatus (Sierra Madre del Sur,

Guerrero)

No enlarged immaculate spots on thighs, dorsum and thighs heavily mottled with black on a gold background, venter white

.. .. . . . . . . . . . .. saxatilis (Sierra Madre Occidental

of western Durango)

6. Dorsum mottled with reddish brown, surface of thigh brown to

reddish brown, fuscus (Transverse Volcanic

mountains across Mexico and Michoacan)

Dorsum rusty red, surface of thigh and groin tomato red, obscure, thin, middorsal silvery line from occiput to vent,

· '" . . .. . . . rufescens (sierra Coalcoman,

Michoacan)

7. Tips of fingers tapering, (narrowest at tip) .

· .. . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. ... ... .. nitidus (western slopes, Sinaloa to Oaxaca)

Tips of fingers as wide or wider than narrowest part of digit,

but not greatly expanded ., , _. _ R

Recopilacion de claves para la determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de M

'8-', , .~

Dorsum indistinctly mottled grayish brown to brown1 thigh with .ck i s h bars on brown ground color 1 venter gray with diffuse

·k brown flecks, tympanum 56% of eye diameter .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . grandis (Lava beds south of Mexico

y)

Dorsum uniform brown or indistinctly spotted with darker or, thigh brown, venter buff, tympanum 46% of eye diameter

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . angustidigitorum (mountains of NW hoacan)

Todas estas especies actual mente se consideran dentro del eenero RZf'Ufhrrn,1nN',,}Uc

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Gastrophryne

56 Flo res- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

. ", ,._.

FUENTE: Nelson, C. 1973. Gastrorhryne Fitzinger. Narrow-mouthed toad. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept. 134.1- 134;2.

Se reproduce con perrniso del editor del Catalogue American Amphibians and Reptiles.

1. A single metatarsal tubercle; coloration variable _, . 2

-Two metatarsal tubercles; venter light with pepperfine dark spots fanning a darker reticulum (may be evident only with magnification); Mexico to El Salva-

dor - . ,, G. usta (123).

2. Tips of outer toes flattened and distinctly wider than remainder of digit; usually a distinct rudiment of webbing between toes; venter black or dark brown with

white spots; southern Mexico to Costa Rica 3

-Tips of toes not flattened and not wider than remainder

of digits; no webs; -ventc-r faintly mottled or white.

United States and northern Mexico ._u.__ 4

3. A dark inguinal spot; ventral white spots separated by much less than their diameter; southeastern Mexico to

Honduras _-- ... . . __ . . G. elegans (121).

-No inguinal spct ; ventral white spots separated by more than their least diameter; Nicaragua and Costa Rica

.-.-------.--- ~ . __ .. _. __ . .. . G. pictioeturis (135).

4. Venter mottled; dorsum typically with a dark median wedge (broadest posteriorly); dorsum brown or tan.

Southeastern United States G. carolinensis (120).

-Middle of abdomen (usually entire venter) white; dorsum olive or gray, unmarked or with scattered dark spots; Nebraska, Missouri. and southern Arizona south

to San Luis Potosi and Na var it . r; nl;mrPfl (l??'

I

I

~

,,,:;Lv/mllLlU/I ac ctaves para La determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico 57

CLAVE I'AIL-\ LAS ESI'ECJES nl~ R(lIIa

FUENTE: Perez-Ramos. E. y G. Casas A. 1995. Clave de las Iorrnas rncxicanas del gcncro Rana. En O. Flares V., F. Mendoza Q., y G. Gonzalez P. (cornps.). Rccopilaci6n de clavcs para la determinacion de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico. Facultad de Cicncias , UNAM.

Elaborada por los autorcs para est a recopilacion.

1. Pliegues dorsolaterales presentes

6

• • • • ~ • • • I • • • • • s • • • • • ~ • • • • • • f •

1. PJiegues dorsolaterales ausentes 0 cuando e stan presentes, norma1mente poco

desarrollados (como en .!2_g_y_!_U y tarahumarae) .

2

2. Con dos tuberculos metatarsales, plieque s dorsolaterales generalmente presentes

pero no prominentes. BeN

2. Con un tubercula metatarsal

, 3

3. Tfmpana visible, del tamario (en hembrasl 0 mucho mas grande (en machos) que

la 6rbita del oja; machos sin sacos vacales externos; dorsa sin pustules

alargadas y sin pliegues dorsolaterales; tuber culos subarticulares grandes y

alargados. BCN, CH1H, OF, MICH, MOR, NL, PUE, SLP, SIN, SON, TAMPS,

VER.

. catesbeiana

3. Tfmpano presente y mas p e quefio que el o]o: sin embargo, generalmente

indistinguible par su aspecto frecuentemente rugosa a granular

4

4. Tfmpano indistinguible, zona orica lisa, pustular 0 granular .

5

4. Tfmpano presente, su dlarnctro menos de la mitad del dfametro del ojo; con una

Ifnea blanca que corre por debajo de! ojo, a 10 largo del labia superior, hasta Ia

inserci6n del brazo; sin pliegues dorsolatera!es; longitud de la tibia muy carta;

tuberculos subarticulares alargados y afilados; puntas de los dedos en forma de

58 Flores- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

discos adhesivos bien desarrollados y libres de membrana interdigital; sin franja obscura ventrolateral; cabeza larga y angosta HGO, SLP . . . . . . . . .. johni

5. Longitud de la tibia muy corta, relaci6n de la longitud de la tibia entre la longitud del cuerpo es 0.408-0.444, promedio 0.423; franja labial ausente; tfmpano ind istinguib!e, la textura de la membrana tirnpanica es lisa; sin pliegues dorsolaterales; tubcrculos subarticulares grandes y alargados; sin franja

obscura ventrolateral; cabeza corta y ancha, PUE, ., pueblae

5. Longitud de la tibia corra. relaci6n de la longitud de la tibia entre la longitud del cuerpo 0.418-0.522, promedio 0.486; franja labial ausente; tfmpano ind istinguible, la textura de la membrana tlmpanlca es rugosa 0 diminutamente pustulcsa; cornunmentc careee de pliegues dorsolaterales, cuando los presenta son muy tenues; tuberculos subarticulartes grandes y alargados; sin franja obseura ventrolateral; cabeza corta y aneha. AGS,

CHIH, JAL, NAY, SIN, SON

. tarahumarae

6. Extremidades posteriores largas, la articulaei6n tibiotarsal (talon), a!canza la

punta 0 mas alia del hocico (exeepto montezumae)

7

6. Extremidades posteriores cortas, el talon Ilega a un punto entre el tlmpano y la

punta del hocico .

. 14

7. Los talones se traslapan ampliamente cuando las patas posteriores son plegadas (excepto montezumae), el femur forma un anqu!o recto con el euerpo; pliegues dorso laterales continuos hasta el femur, con estrangulaci6n 0

interrupciones posteriores desplazadas al centro del cuerpa

8

j\ewplI(IC/OII ae claves para fa determinacion de Anflbios y Reptiles de Mexico 59

'.:, .,_ .--~-- ..

7. Los talones se toean cuando las patas posteriores son plegadas; longitud de Ia

tibia larga; con un pliegue de piel por encima y de tras del tfrnpano: tfmpano

distinguible, su diarnetro 2/3 0 menos del diarnetro del ojo; franja labial

distinguible; pliegues dorsolaterales blancos y distinguibles, interrumpidos

antes de la ingle; la piel de la superficie dorsal con pustulas y tuber culos

diminutos y numerosos, raspcsa al tacto; tubar culos subarticulares grandes y

alargados; puntas de los dedos de las extremidades posteriores dilatadas 0

expandidas; con una franja obscura ventrolateral; cabeza Jarga y angosta. COL,

DGO, JAL, NAY, SIN , .. ,

... Rustulosa

Pliegues dorsolaterales a n qo s t o s .

discontinuos y desplazados

posteromediaJmente; superficie dorsal de la regi6n del sacrum con grElnulos

blancos; superficie ventral posterior y las patas posteriores sin coloracion

amarilla; franja supralabia! incompleta; las puntas de los dfgitos redondeadas 0

expandidas; el primer digito de las patas anteriores ligeramente mas largo que

el segundo; los machos poseen sacos vocales externos, evidentes durante la

•

III

epo ca de apareamiento. CHIH, DGO, JAL, NAY, SIN, SON, ZAC .... , ...

. . . . , , . , . , , .. , .. , .. , , ,magnaocularis

Pliegues dorsolaterales gruesos 0 angostos; dorso con numerosos dentfculos 0

pliegues pustulares aJargados longitudinalmente entre los pliegues dorso

laterales; puntas de los dedos de las patas posteriores terminando en punta 0

expandidas . , ... , . , . , ... , .. , ..... , , ... , .... , ....

a

60 Flo res- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

9. Machos sin sacos vocales externos ni aberturas internas: pliegues dorsolaterales

s. ."

angostos

............................ 20

9. Machos con sacos vocales externos; punta del hocico generalmente sin mancha

blanca; p!iegues dorsolaterales continuos hasta la ingle 0 discontinuos en la

parte posterior y con la discontinuidad desplazada hacia Ia parte media

dorsal; piel dorsal verrugosa .

....... 10

10. Dorso con qranulo s blancos; pliegues dorsolaterales generalmente ausentes; las

patas anteriores carecen de tuberculos palma res y de tuberculos subarticulares

distales sabre los dfgitos tercero y cuarto; eJ primer drgito ligeramente mas

corto 0 cas! del mismo tarnario que el segundo; las patas posteriores presentan

tubarculos suba.ticular es redondeados y reiativamente pequefios: la membrana

interdigital es amplia; punta de los dfgitos redondeada; patron de coloracion del

vientre reticulado de claro y obscuro. JAL, GTO, MICH, NAY

megapoda

10. Dorso con pliegues pustuJares· alargados entre los pJiegues dorsolaterales

(excepto montezumae) .

. 11

11 . Pocas manchas obscuras dorsales, grandes, redondeadas, oblongas, elfpticas 0

formando franjas longitudinales irregulares entre los pliegues dorsolaterales12

11. Numerosas manchas obscuras dorsales, pequefias. redondeadas 0 casi

cuad ranguJares. GRO

, . . . . . . . . . . . . .. omiltemana

12. Manchas obscuras dorsales, oblon gas 0 elipticas fusionadas 0 formando franjas

longitudinales irregulares; pliegues dorsolaterales continuos Ilegando a! nivel del

Recopilacion de clavcs para fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 61

acetabulum 0 cerca de la ingle, 0 discontinuos pudiendo estar 0 no desplazados

posteromedialmente 13

12. Manchas obscuras dorsales, irreg uJarmente redondeadas, raramente fusionadas o formando franjas longitudinales; pJiegues dorsolaterales discontinuos 0 no,

desplazados posteromedialmente 0 no ...

....... 21

J

13. Pliegues dorsolatera les interrumpidos posteriormente, des pJazados posteromedialmente; pie! sabre la superficie dorsal y costados generalmente rugosa; muchos tubercuio s en la region cloacal y superficie posterior del muslo, cad a uno de los cuales e sta asociado con un punto pe querio blanquizco; pronunciado melanismo sobre la superficie ventral; linea supraJabial incompleta, difusa en Ia parte anterior del ojo; la membrana interdigital de las patas posteriores alcanza la falange distal de cada dfgito.

AGS, CHIH, DGO, JAL, NAY, SIN, SON, ZAC chiricahuensis

13. Plieg ues dorsoJate fa les interrump idos posteriormente, desplazados posteromedialmente; el area inmediata que rodea a la cloaca con muchos tuberculos: piqrnentacion amarilla sobre la ingle, frecuentemente se extiende sabre la parte posterior del vientre y de la superficie ventral de las patas posteriores; patron reticulado obscuro sabre la superficie posterior de los muslos; vientre blanquizco, exceptuando la region de Ia mandibula inferior

con piqmentacion grisacea; franja supralabial incompleta,

difusa

anteriormente al ojo: la membrana interdigital de las paras posteriores extendiendose hasta la falange distal de cada digito, exceptuando el dedo

_l I

62 Flores- Villela, M endoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

mas largo; careee de oviduetos vestigiales y de saeos voeales extern os

prominentes. BeN, SON , yavapaiensis

14. La artieulaci6n tibiotarsal liege a la punta del hocico; las puntas de 10::; dedos de

las patas posteriores expandidas, mas anchas que los dfgitos; tfmpano paquofio.

mucho mas pe qucfio que el diarnetr o del ojo; sacos vocales y aberturas internas

presentes; franja supralabia) presente; mascara facial negra presente; la

superficie dorsal presenta dentfculos; borde negro a [0 largo de los pliegues

dorsolaterales; barras transversales de cafe obscuro sobre las patas posteriores,

aproximadamente tan anchas como los interespacios y con inervaciones; con

un tuberculo metatarsal; tarnario de los adultos en hembras de 60-113 mm y

en machos de 50-75 mm; coloracion en vida- dorsa!mente varia de cafe a verde

brillante uniforme 0 con manchas de cafe a verde bril1ante, lateralmente cafe

claro y comunmente con manchas de care obscuro; vertebras sacra) y presacral

fusionadas. OAX, CHIS , macu!ata

14. La articulaeic5n tibiotarsal hasta la punta del hocico 0 sobrepasandola ..... 15

15. Artieulaci6n tibiotarsal entre el ojo y la punta del hoeieo; tubsrculos

subarticuJares de las patas posteriores grandes y alargados, excepto aurora;

puntas de los dedos mas 0 menos dilatadas 0 expandidas .... < < ••••• 16

15. Articulaci6n tibiotarsal no mas alla del extremo anterior del 010 (como d unni y

s pectabills). 0 sobrepasando fa punta del hocico (como neovolcanica y tlalaci);

tubcrculo s subarticulares pe querios y redondeados; puntas de los dedos no

dilatadas mas bien redondeadas , , < < ••••• 17

Rccopilacion de claves para fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 63

~" .

, -

16. Articulaclon tibiotarsal entre el ojo y el nostrilo; puntas de los dedos de las

patas posteriores expandidas; tfmpano grande, igual a 0 mayor que el

diarne tro del ojo; sacos vocales y aberturas internas, generalmente

presentes; franja supralabial ausente 0 presente s61amente en la parte

posterior del ojo; mascara facial negra ausente; cantus cafe obscuro y verde;

la piel de la superficie dorsal presenta dentfculos; los pliegues dorsolaterales con

un borde negro a touo su largo; marcas femorales transversales variables pero

generairnerlte distinguibles; can un tuberculo metatarsal; tarnario de los adultos

en hembras de 76-125 mm, en machos de 67-94 mm; coloracion en vida, el

campo de la superficie d orsaJ posterior de cafe y generalmente va eambiando

hacia la parte anterior de verde, freeuenLemente con algunas mareas cafe

obseuras espareidas posterodorsaJ y lateralmente; el vientre can una coloracion

varia ble de bla nquizeo a arnarillo; vertebras sacral y presacral fusionadas.

CAMP, CHIS, OAX, TAB, VER ...

. . . . . . . vaillanti

16. Articulaci6n tibiotarsal al nostrilo 0 entre el nostrilo y la punta del hocieo;

primer dedo de la pata anterior mas largo que el segundo; patas posteriores

con menos de 3/4 de membrana interdigital; con pliegues dorsolaterales

prominentes. BCN .

aurora

17. Tibia eorta, la articulaci6n tibiotarsal no pas a mas alia del hoeieo

...... 18

17. Tibia larga, la artieulaei6n tibiotarsal sobrepasa mas alia del hocico 19

18. Tibia corta. relaei6n entre la loriqitud de la tibia y la longitud de la eabeza-

euerpa de 0.36-0.40 en ejemplares mayores de 80 rnrn, de 0.41-0.44 en

64 Flores- Villela, Mendora-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

ejemplares menores de 80 mm; superficie dorsal con numerosas pustules

.• ~

redondeadas y pequefias. MICH > ••••••••••••••• , ••• , •••••• dunn1

18. Longitud de la tibia relativamente corta; patas cortas, la parte distal de la tibia no

alcanza el hocico; pliegues dorsolaterales aplanados, anchos, general mente cafe

rojizos; la secci6n posterior de los pliegues, pe quefia e insertada posteromedialmente; tfmpano cafe rojizo; sin franja supra labial; hocico verde;

coloraci6n de la superficie dorsal variable, de verde brillante a verde amarillento

brillante; dieciocho manchas dorsales obscuras pe quefias. generalmente sin

aureolas claras; superficie ventral de las patas posteriores y la porci6n posterior

del vientre de amarillo claro; mientras que en la porci6n anterior con numerosas

rnarcasobscuras sobre la barba, garganta y pecha; cabeza carta y redondeada;

sacos vocalss pe querios y eversibles. HGO, MEX, MICH, MOR, OAX, PUE,

TLAX, VER , , , , , , spectabills

19. Patas relativamente larqas. el extrema distal de la tibia se extiende mas alia del

hacico; pliegues dorsolaterales prominentemente realzadcs. generalmente blancos 0 blanquizcos; con una franja supralabial blanco-arnarillenta,

terminando en la parte anterior del o]o: coloraci6n del fondo de la superficie

dorsal, generalmente can una mezcla de colores entre cafe obscuro, cafe y

verde claro; con veintiun manchas dorsales obscuras. radeadas por una

aureola verde clara, entre los pliegues darsolaterales; superficie ventral

blanca; cabeza mas larua que ancha; hocico relatlvamenr» nllnti::.lnllrin· C:::.lrnc:

Recopilaciou de claves pora fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 65

vocales externos, prominentes y obscurecidos fuertemente. GTO I JAL,

MICH . . . . . . .. neovolcanica

19. Patas relativamente largas, el extremo distal de la tibia se extiende mas alia del hocico; pl'legues dorsolaterales prominentemente realzados, cafe rojizos; evidentes estriaciones sobre las superficies dorsal y lateral del cuerpo; coloracion de la superficie dorsal cafe obscura, las manchas dorsales obscuras sin aureolas elaras a su alrededor; superficie ventral de las patas y el vientre varia de blanquizeo a blanco, pero anteriormente ssta obseurecida; trmpano cafe rojlzo; franja supralabial indistinguible, terminando debajo del ojo; hocico eorto y redondeado; sacos vocales externos, prominentes y obscurecidos

fuertemente. DF, MEX .

tlaloci

20. Pliegues dorsolaterales angostos, con un borde negro a todo 10 largo de los pliegues; la superficie dorsal presenta dsntfculos: puntas de los dedos de las patas posteriores expandidas; tfmpano pequeno e indistinguible;' franja supralabiaJ presente; mascara facial negra presente; barras transversales femorafes angostas, los interespacios de 3-5 veces 10 ancho de las barras y con intrincadas inervaciones; presenta un tuberculo metatarsal;el tarnafio de los aduJtos en hembras de 60-98 mm y en machos de 60-100 mm; coloracion en vida, el campo de la s uperficie dorsal es cafe rojizo 0 cafe uniforme, con una franja -canral negra, una barra negra postimpanlca y una barra negra ventrolateral des de la axila hasta la ingle; superficies posteriores de los muslos moteadas de negro y amarillo enegrecido; amplio melanismo generalmente

Flores-Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonriilez-Porter

extendido sabre la superficie ventral; en la epoca de reprodueci6n a los machos se les desarrollan amplias zonas con dentlcu!os blancos sobre la parte anterior del vientre y en las patas anteriores; vertebras sacral y presacral tusionadas.

GRO, OAX .,.,.,.".,., , .. ,.,.,.,' sierramadrensis

. Pliegues dorsolaterales bien desarrollados, ligeramente mas claros que el color del fondo del cuerpo; superficie dorsal del cuerpo cubierta de pustules pe quefias. siendo mas evidentes y numerosas lateralmente; tfmpano distinguible y lisa, ampliamente separado del ojo; franja labial indistinguible 0 ausente en adultos (particularmente en la parte anterior); coloracion del cuerpo cafe claro sobre un fondo cafe verdoso obscuro, numerosos puntos obscures difusos sabre el cuerpo; barras transversales obscuras sabre la tibia y las patas posteriores; membrana y superficie ventral de las patas posteriares marcadas can reticulaeiones cJaras y obscuras; franja ventrolateral ausente; las barras transversales sabre los muslos son generalmente tan anchas como los interespaeios claros; superficie posterior de los muslos con reticulaeiones claras: longitud de la tibia relativamente corta; segundo deda de las patas anteriores distinguiblemente mas corte que el primero 0 el tercero; cabeza relativamente

corta y ancha. COL, GRO, JAL, MEX, MICH, MOR, OAX zweifeli

Puntas de los drgitos expandidas; superficie dorsal con qranulos blancos; tibia larga, la relaci6n entre la tibia y la longitud de la cabeza-cuerpo es de 0.42-. 0.48 en ejemplares mayores de 80 mm, y de 0.38-0.48 en ejemplares menores de 80 rnrn: pliegue tarsal bien d e sarrollado: nr irno r rlinitn rio be

Recopilacion de claves pnra fa determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 67

patas anteriores ligeramente mas largo que el segundo; pliegue supralabial

presente. OF, GTO, HGO, JAL, MEX, MICH, QRO, TLAX .... montezumae

21. Puntas de los dfgitos no expandidas , terminando en punta; superficle dorsal

con verrugas 0 pliegues pustulares alargad os: manchas dorsales obscuras

grandes, redondeadas, oblongas, elipticas 0 formando franjas longitudinales

irregulares entre los pliegues dorsolaterales; la articulaci6n tibiotarsal mas alia

de la punta del hocico

. . , . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . ~ . . . . . .

.22

22. Manchas dorsales obscuras, grandes, redondeadas 0 cuadrilongas 23

22. Manchas dorsales obscuras, formando bandas 0 franjas longitudinales,

irregularmente distribuidas en la superficie dorsal y que a su vez, estan

asociadas a arrugas dorsales; 'pliegues dorsolaterales hasta el nivel del

acetabulum 0 cerca de la 'Ingle, no desp!azados posteromediaJmente. CAMP,

CHIS, TAB, VER ..

. brownorum

23. Manchas dorsales 0 bscuras, irregularmente redondeadas I raramente

fusionadas;

pliegues dorsolaterales discontinuos, desplazados

posteromedialmente. CAMP, COAH, CHIH, CHIS, OGO, HGO, NL, OAX,

PUE, QROO, SLP, TAB, TAMPS, VER, YUe .

berlandieri

23. Manchas dorsales obscuras, grandes, obJongas (cuadrilongas), frecuentemente

fusionadas; pliegues dorsolaterales continuos, pero can un ligero

estrangulamiento aJ nivel de la region iliaca. COL, CHIS, GRO, JAL, MICH,

NAY, OAX, SIN, SON

..................... forreri

L ...

68 Flores- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano J' Gonuilcz-Porter

CL\ VE PAIL'\. LAS ESI'ECIES DE Amb)'siOI/IG

FUENTE: Tihcn, J. A, 1969. ;\ ,,~i""(:Inl:l !\1uk 5:i1:lIliandc:rs. CJ.l. AIlI~r. A!l1p!lilL Rcpt. 75.1-75.4,

1. Tongue wit h a nu-dj an [u r ru tv, frqn~ ~\'hjr·!J the plkJ.~·

diverge (:;_ULg_l:lIU,<., J ,j!!;;li([clap.~"s)

-~N(J Ul(:d~an furrow o n l{_)l~gu,·; p!tCl~' lungi~i!djn:JL

nearly par-allel Or r.:1dlati~~;; ::_;~·;.bi!dy [ioru posrcr io r

portion of tongue ._ .. _._._ .. _ .. - (,uLgcllu> Am/_,yslOnw) G

2. Multiple r c ws of rn axillarv t·".: III 3

~SingI~ rOW of m a xi i la ry tt:eth or at ~uust inuistinct

and incomplete suggestions o l an adJillOnal row __ niabe ci 3, Dark brown to black with -C(J!l;;pil~lWUS, nar r ow, ycl low, butf or whi t is h crOSS bauds iSOHlC of ,;"hil'i, rn a y he

incomplete \:)r interrupted) Ui,l,u!alum (19)

-No conspicuous cross balld.::. i:-: p at r crn 4

4. Ground color choco lato to bb('~. ;;rJY1:::L rIght mar k. jngs iorm~ng a "{rc st e d" c.: r~_-:l':_-l:]:di__cd ;)llttern, Or series of light r ir.g s, over ~-~'o,,>j_ o{ hJc.k ~"Id sid,:,:s

•. _. c._. __ . __ ••• __ . •.... _._ _ __ cmgulatum {57)

--Ljght rnarki ngs lacking. or in the I..HIIl of sm .. dl s pot s.,

flecks, or lichcn-likc blolcheo 5

5. Small, total ]-Lngth J.bout ';0 m.n : .sm~dL scatter02-d, cream-colored spots on side::" c.: !kad, kid:, and tail;

venter yellowish .. , - - ,._. SCh~lid{i

-Var~aLle in size and cc lcr, !:.j~~t u3u~diy o vr r 90 nun tot al ~cngth; light markings in Iorrn of flt.:·ck,3 or lichvnIik e gray b lot ch es, but no'.. ;:'P<Jut..'J.; \"C0.tt..'I D.:S LlJ. 11)

not yellowish .. _._. .. _ .. _-,_ .. __ .. __ tcxcnam (37)

6. Dorsum boldly marked w,:', c"n~ra"illg LIo"" an c light gr a y or whin-: lighl rra: ~<i!l;.!"::: Ldsjc'-1]]Y crO::1 bands, but i.. . .iy coalesce to ~,!),C ~,,::e d:UK !::Opah

... _ ..... __ ...• __ .. _._ Opr:!("urn {-t(j:'

--Dorsum not -so marked _._

J ntcp:umc-nt.trj' I!bLl'~;; ill rl'~~;""i !!;lj_·k (Jf ,,)",_. \l"r~ 1: uinero us n nci (unCt'Jllr.Jku l·,1 [vrm :i p~lt·(l1,-"id gb"'L..i; a prominent gJJJlciul.:n- r;df.'~ ;__i ~l'Il;';_ t op of tail, ;it

:cas.[ in p ro x imn l one-half or (;i)r..'-~hird 8

_r-.,'() p ar ot oid g/;q,d or PrLli:1jnC!lt j.ddl1~lilLn [·!(jgl'

along; top ot tail 9

8 Pa 1m;]]'" t ubcr c lcs lacking; IJ'c;,j,.,>: ;.~i ;;l:.l\d j.rc-anr.c nt. gbnJular ridge aIong most r.f ~,']" ~~t1t n{ L~d

••• c.~ ••• _' ••• e r aci ... e 1.61

--Th·O palma r tuber clcs : P3[lft,:<d ;:i:tnd k::;s pll1iJ~jnl'nt: glandular r idg« tr-nJ:s to be ll~~~~~~·J to ;.'·rl·_\1~~1"d ~<,r~i'J!1

of tail __ . ,. to s.ice c m

9. A broad, conspl{t10HSl ycllowi-I: t\l t a n or D:-:::~ge mid-

dorsal st r ip« on body. extend~~I;· ~-·j;t;) ;:~~l!

nJacradtl(. .. !yl:.:. ... ,j_ {;}'J

midJ,)"r.s.J~ s uipc 10

One or [LO jJaJIl13r tU!)(~[clc:--s; ;1~1;)r~'~scd li~~ib.:; o f.cr.

overlap by less than 11\"0 coo:,,1 (,,)d, 11

-T,,·o p:dIIL'lf lulfcn.:]t's; Jdprf"~'~~'ll l;r;ILs u~":l11~· U"-L'I'-

lap Lr at least two cos t.u fuld: l()

11. Pal!Cnl of U1C~dtT:t",lr brgt~ ~-t'!]~lhi';'~1 1('> UL,~I~,: sput:,. ;JrLnlg,'d. in nn irr,·~uJ:lr d~lr::-'.,],dn.d Il'\', \.'!1 ';:l'·]:

,:-id~~ fI;dCU,.'c.'~!:m {511

-··P;]lt(Tn wi r huut r(:lLn~' o r t_H'.ln;-',~· ~Pd~=,: ulkl\ '1\'ilh f.t':tyi~jl or Idtli:·dl l-l. whit c fl~·I·~:- Ill' l:dl,·lI·lik,: !d~Jtdl'·~.

~d\.ni-: :;idt.~:'; l~

12 Cu:,t;d !-!.;['OU\'{'~ lUl,lf II; rt-l.ui v ci v :;-:.i:lll'l lu':c~".:,ty uu dc r 100 tum, mn x i rnum 125 mni. r.ua l J,._·~l:.!.l!l) :Ind vcrv S!oul-')ud;l'J~ head 1Jrn~l_d (\\']l:d\ !IWfL" tkUl 22\( (If

su nu t-v en t If..:'rtbtll) ,. __ . . ... L~iiJ:h,l~ .. ·" . t:.'

-Co:51:11 gn.lo\'c:; U:'olilliIr II~U:-r__: I! ::~: 11; !J\,d;: ~1']lJ Ll'J,J r..:-Liri\'dy :.1 r-n de r tilt'J.d \~-·~JtL 1,~-lg~:; (If ~Ill\~J~-\'cn~ length); ust.~,::dly over 100 m ri ild:Jl !c'H~th

13. SIICJut-l"cnt kni;!.!.ll u"-u~I.Uy It':::''' I.L.:!~ Ct) 1t1!111;1 li::i.~;!:r· males, 7S mm ill n::c1llfC fcm,t!r.'_"', JIU<..·rn:1ri~; (!l.~[J.~J(;' usu.:dly ksc; 111311 .e/l:: of snoil:-\(·j',l ~Olc:tl! if) :J;:il~'c1. lr::ss th~n .O~9 of ~Jhli.I[·\-l·~ll L!~~!~, iii {"In.llc::-, :ILl prcssed ll!l1lJ$ or In~dc';; d\.'~:rLqJ i I .. ..:: (_·'.hLU f!'.~l~·~; ~~r

less~ black to gI':'~y, pfil'n wah fl,·,.'k~, Yt_·lll~.'r ('Ill:,

::;Iig!ltlr lighkr tk!11 d(!r~u;lI l,~

-,-SlInIU-\·l'l1t j,c.:ll~:tJl u:::.u;il!y 69 ;;~,:' ,I:· UILli",: ill 1~1.!~U[-~ 1l\,dl'~. 75 mm II! nlllt-l: In ill:lll:l, i·"n~~jk::.· in:c·_:-!LJ1').J) dlqa,tC~' .OG:2 ur 1:'[11[.,' uf SlWI;\ ·llll! 1"Ji,~-:ll i;l J:~,~! .

. 0;")0 or nann- ill fdll:Jll':::': J.d c·:':'!·-l1 lilid,:, "f :~IJ 1"'

u-c;ulJJh 1)~'\'rbl1 11\ ltlprl: ! I_~ ,,, ... [.11 ~ll!: ~. LI'o\,.ni~]I·i_'..r~ly, :;llllll·I]In"~ ·II'IIL !>',J:; ;il-\'i...~

dl'('id\'dJy li'.~lj[er t1],~JI dMSUI~l ! ~

r·n-ril]'(Jc)lt· arcu k:-i:-i dian {~S(} p.

e hurru!» ['}ll)

:~, I!Ol~'J< ~ tryl irrut-y+c- ill"',1 g,Takr 11'1Jl/!illyi (:;O) c r vl ~Irucytl' arc.1 k:-;s Illall lJ0U 1_/

, j~'fj{,r5uJU-Ollum ((17)

'.'.Xl !"HH::ly 1";1 n_:; l'ryliH(lcytr: art' a !.

l)[alif1l'ui'~ (-19) ,I rl.u k I,ad,~~roul\d w ith

b,

'''f:·i!.i\I~.j~ 111~~i

I h ~l n ~·::ilJ J'lJjploid; bi:=,,-xlJ:d ~

-,-·Tn p!uic!; I!~;d,.~ 'I~H~n' t nn n 800 (\d·,r p.u tr-rn ~·(",,':'!Irq~ (If

prorn incnt (llio"g" not necessar rly large) light (yeliowi s h, o live. Of:mgt.: or c reaur-col ored ) spots or b lot chc s On back or side>, or both (spots may coalesce to form. a prominent ventrolateral light line On each

sidc } - _ _ .. _ - __ .. .. 17

~Dor-sum nearly uniform in color, or with scattered

dark ma rkmgs on lt0Jlcr background ~_ _ __ 21

17 I.ig ht markings confined to lower portion of sides,

i.c ., lateral or ver.troluteral, or haUl .. --- - e_ ••••••• __ 18

-LigiH markings not confined to sides ; some or aU are

dorsal or dorsolateral in position . ... .... 19

1 B. Light spots mcderately large, confined to a venrro];)1e[ol ro w on each side; individual spots may tend tocoHlc.;ce to form a ventrolateral light line .... , ... _ .. _

.. _~ .,_ .. _. __ ~ _ _ _,__ .. __ ~ amblycephalum

-Light markings consist ot flecks, dots, c r small spots,

i:-rcgul3rly di!'.tribuLcd on sides mexicanum*

1ge Dody and limbs slate black, wilh numerous small brighl yellow SPOIS scattered over dorsal surface of head, body, tail and limbs; venter with broad black Sl[lPC enclo srng t .... 'o long.r udinal, broken y-e1low lilies

..... .. _ .. .". _ __ jlavipiperoiu»,

-Coior pattern var ial.Ie, but not as above __ 20

21). Pattern of irregular blotr hes. or of fairly numerous yellowish to ol.ve ,!)015 irregularly distributed on

body and toil _ ... __ . t;gr;num (part) (52)

-Four Or five pa ir s cf large buff Or cream-colored spots

on body, tending ~(I oe arranged into a dorsolateral

TO'.~ ~ ,]_ similar number of spots on tail .. .. subsolsum=

21. Uniformlv dark .ibcve, or dark with scattered light

fJc(.ks i lia t tefld !r) di sappcar in preservative _~ .. ._ .. _._. 22

-Sot uniiorrnly dark aDO"e; often with blackish mark-

ing, on a lighter back~round _ -' __ .. c. 25

2:? Fl:wer than 50 pr-mn xillarv-rnn xi llarv Leeth On each 'ide; hlack Or gr")i,h black above; venter nearly

uniform dulI creamy gray ---.-. __ T __ • __ '. __ '._ ordinaliunl

-"[oro than 50 premaxillary.maxillary teeth on each

side : colc.r vor iablc ._._.. 23

:.U CLlyi:::~l-hnl\\"n lu l.lvl·tHkr hr o wn a liovc ; skin appears "\IT~)[i~qlal!'i "Irloudl anr! sh·lIlinl;.:;; a dinstcmu between

p;..Jl~ltill~: illld vomerine teeth ._ lwm.oypdlllm

+Ll.u k ,',ray to bl.n-k r-,l: above ; ski n not c xccptiona lly ~nl",.lh :JJ\d s.h~Hink; I usually IlU diastema between

j ml.n in c ':.JlIU vomcrin e [l:dh . __ . 24-

:2-1 \·eJlkr lil-uILL·u or LI,-"cht'd; us u.i lj y at least 2;~ kedl <In c~,lch <ide i n HIDICt'Opnlatine s{_'ries

tigrinum (part) (52)

-\'l'n[,:r dark and ld:!Ii~'dy uni lorm : (ewer t lran 24

teed, on c ach ~id,--,- iD \"OIIleropa1at~lle series [c rrno ensi s=

l'lIJt::-,rl l-lludal fin h!-s'h' fn~'t'r dl~U1 24 tcc t h on each

::=ld,· in \·~·'jJwnJPJbll!~~(' ~c:ti~~, yclloh'lsh o·live to ol i vc, h'itll :.t.':Ji tvn-d d~irk ~plHS [hat nlJy become obsolete

t_Hl liL,(h·, !Jul rl'rn~lll\ distinct on ui_l gr(Hw{asHIl'..-

-l',:wd.d L:J n __ 'pn'~~'II~('d u:11y by il IU\~' ridge ~ \_l:.;ual1y

:It h·~J;;t :2-~ tceil. on ~'Jch .sid,; ill -"'c-rnc-rupalalinc se-

r-t,~:::; color and pJUnli varl.::l.l.d(! 26

t )ull ,-,li\'L' J.bO\'l·, ,",id1 .]_ few scat.terrd dark spo~s or fir,k, Oil ltc-cd ~Ild bock; ligh",r (yo:lhlY'{'n'om) color

l\f \l'I1h:1 ~\_lCrH.L) luJ[,,·-C!), up s~dcs lacustrisO:

--P;Il1..I'I'H Y-Hi:dJk, llllt lii-!,ln rL"dor of \'('nll~r not ex·

kJl,lil~b ll.ll hl·~LY U~) ."ides lig,'/J!!lnI (pan) (52)

Recopilacion de cloves pnra la determinacion de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 69

CLAVE PARA LAS ESI'ECIES DE Bolitoglosa

FUENTE: Smith, If. M. and E. H. Taylor. 1948. An annotutcd checklist and key to (he amphibia of Mexico. Bull. U. S. Natn. Mus. 194:1-118.

Se reproduce con pcrrniso del 1eL autor.

1. Teeth absent on maxilla; diminutive form; tail much shorter than head and body

rufescens

Teeth present on maxilla, arising from a flat surface, not from edge of jaw 2

2. Diminutive species; tail much shorter than head and body

occidentaiis

Large species, the tail in adults as long as, nearly as long as, or a little longer than

head a nd body

3

3. Sides and belly blackish

4

Belly cream, inmacu!ate (or rarely with slight pigmentation)

fla viven tris

4. Vomerine teeth in a single series usually

5

Vomerine teeth in several short series ("patch ")

yucatana

J. Dorsum orange to orange-brown with usually the dark triangular occipital spot and

often a few irregular or rounded, small, dorsal, black marks ..... ptetv dectvte

Dorsum yellowish or cream with numerous dark spots occasionally forming

continuous lines, or rows of black spots; belly and sides with small cream flecks

.............................................. morelettl

)TAS: Dcsdc la publicacion de csta clave se han desc n:o varias espccics: Boliroglosa veracTilcis (Taylor, E. H. 1951. A new .racruoian salamander. Kz nsus U niv. Sci. Bull. 34(:'): 189-193); Bolitoglosa rilettl (Holman, J. A. 1964. N cw and intcresling iphibians and reptiles form Guerrero Jild Oaxaca. 1 v 1 ex ico . H c:rpdologica 20( I ):48~54); Bolltoglosa hartwe g! y B. stu arti 'akc D. B. Y A. H. Brame. 1969. Systcin.n ic s and cvo lution of ncorropical samandcrs of Boliloglosa helrnriehi group. Contr. . Los Angeles Co. Mus. 17S·.IAO); Bolitoglosa hermosa (Papcnfuss , T. J., D. B. Wake, y K. Adler. 1984. Salamanders of genus Boluoglosa from the Sierra Madre del Sur of southern Mexico. J. Herpct. 17(4):295-307) y se han heche varies

lbios nornenclaturales a nivcl de gene-ros (vcr Flores-Villela. O. 1993. Hcrpetofauna Mexicana. Spec. PubIs. Carnegie Mus . .. Hist. (17): 1-73.

70 Flores- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonuilez-Porter

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPEClES DE Chiropterotriton

FUENTE: Smith, H. M. and E. H. Taylor. 1948. An annotated checklist and key to the amphibia of Mexico. Bull. U. S. Natn. Mus. 194:1-118.

Sc reproduce con pcrmiso del l cr. autor.

1. Nostrils large in adults; limbs separated by 4 to 5 costal folds; parasphenoidtooth

groups close together; diminutive species, maximum size 28 mm. snout to vent;

terrestrial .' ....

dimidiata

Nostrils small in adults

2

2. Skull poorly ossified in adults; adpressed limbs separated by two costal folds;

maxillary-premaxillary teeth about 20 on each side in females, 16 to 18 in

males on each side; tail longer than head and body; parasphenoid teeth closely

approximated; terrestrial .....

chondrostega

Skull normallywell ossified in adults

3

3. Maxillary-premaxillary series of teeth not greatly reduce in males (more than half);

tails d istlnctlv longer than head and body ....

4

Maxi!!ary-premaxillary teeth greatly reduced in adult males, usually less than half

number of teeth in females .

6

4. Teeth larger, curved; arms touch or overlap when adpressed; digit more dilated at

tips; maxillary-premaxillary series about 21 on each side; females darker on

venter than males; arboreal ...

arborea

Teeht not especially large or curved

5

i i

I

Rccopilacion de claves para fa determinacion de Arfibios y Reptiles de Mexico 71

5. Digits less dil~lteaat tips; maxillary-premaxillary tooth series about 34 in females,

25 in males; teeth not elongate or noticeably curved; males and females white

below; terrestrial or arboreal >. . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • •. .. multidentata

Maxillary-premaxillary toctn series 25 to 31, vomerine teeth 8 to 13, limbs overlap

width of 2 costal folds; second finger Ion ger than fourth; terrestrial

mosauerJ

6. Adpressed limbs touch or overlap in both sexes; maxillary-premaxillary teeth 25 in

adult females, 5 to 8 in adult males; vomerine teeth about 6; arboreal .. levee

Adpressed limbs separated usually in both sexes (may touch in xolocalcae males)

..... " 7

7. Surface of head not rouoher.eo. not flattened especially; terrestrial ..... .. 8

Head flattened, the surface somewhat roughened; adpressed limbs separated by

,

about one costal fold in females, may touch in males; vomerine teeth 13 on

each side;

maxillary-premaxillary teeth 36 on each side in females;

arboreal ..

. xoloca!cae

8. Adpressed limbs separated by from 2 to 4 costal folds; females about 24

maxillary-premaxillary teeth on each side, males 6 to 8; vomerine teeth 6 or 7;

larger .

. ... " . chiroptera

Adpressed limbs separated by from 1 112 to 3 costa! folds; females 25 to 27

maxillary-premaxillary teeth, males 13 or 14; vomerine teeth 4 or 5; smaller.

.......... " terrestr!s

i t

2 Flores- Ville/a, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzdlcz-Porter

OTAS: Desde la publicacion de cst:t clave se han dcscrito varias especics: Cliiropterotriton priscus (Rabb, G. B. 1956. A new cthcdontid su l.i rnu rtdc r from Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Ficldiana Zoo!. 39(3): 11-20); Chiropterotriton magnipes (Rabb. G. B. 1965. new sularnandcr of the genus Chiroplcrolriton (Caudata: PIcthodontidac) from Mexico. Breviora 235: 1-8) y se han descrito ros gcneros como Nototriton (Papenfuss. T. 1. y D. B. Wake. 1987. Two new species of plethodontid salamanders (genus -notrttons from Mexico Acta ZUllI. M ex. N. S. 2 [ : 1-16; y sc han hccho varios cambios nomcnclatura lcs a nivcl de gcneros er Flores- Viliclu. O. 1993. Hcrpcto Iuuna Mcxicanu, Spec. Pubis. Carucgic M us , Nat. H ist , ([ 7): 1-73) Y Darda , D. M,. 1994. llozyrnc variation and morplioltlgicaI evolution !lltlOOg mexican sabmanders of the gt:nus Chiropterotriton (Cuudata: cthor'ontidac). Herr-etc lo e icu 501"\: 1(,4-1 R7\

I I

Recopilacion de claves para fa determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico 73

CLA VE PARA LAS ESPECIES DE Pseudoeurycea

FUENTE: Smith, H, M, and E, H, Taylor, 1948. An annotated checklist and key to the amphibia of Mexico. Bull. U. S. Natn, Mus. 194:1-118.

Se reproduce can perrniso dell cr. autor.

1. Body black or lead color in life, with paired series of red or orange markings; very

large forms .

................ " ... 2

Body without dorsal red or red-orange markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. A pair or large red marks on occiput; adpressed limbs in males separated by three

costal folds; teeth less numerous , .

. belli

No pair of red or orange spots on head; adpressed limbs of males touch or are

separarted by a single costal fold; teeth more numerous gigantea

3. Premaxlliary teeth of males large, bifid, the outer section elongate, curved,

clawlike , , , .

. ... , 4

Premaxillary teeth of males lacking and elongate clawlike terminal part

7

4. Paired series of small yellow spots on back and one lateral series, more or less

distinct

............. 5

No series of dorsal of lateral light spots " 6

5. Lavender above, yellow cream below; limbs proportionally shorter, teeth fewer in

all series gadovi

Black above, gray-black below, limbs proportionally longer; teeth more numerous

...... , , , , , , . melanomo/ga

74 Flores- Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

''Wo, "--, .. -~-----

6. Usually uniform olive or gray-olive above; limbs longer, touching or overlapping

somewhat in adults; hands and feet larger unguidentis

Olive to gray or brownish with some dark-brown or reddish-brown flecks, the oostal

grooves usually with the dark line; lirnbs shorter, the adpressed limbs separated

by two or more costal folds smithi

7. Web including none to about half or proximal phalanx of middle digits . . . .. 8

~

Web between middle toes including entire phalanx; toes broad, narrowing toward

tip , .. , .. ,12

8. Maxillary- premaxilla rv teeth less than 30 on each side

. 9

Maxillary-premaxillary teeth 40 or more on each side.

,11

9. Tail short, about 70 percent of head-body lenght; adpressed limbs separated by

two costal folds; body dark or blackish brown with numerous sarnll. regular

dark spots

.... cochranae

Tail longer, about 90 to 100 percent of head-body lenght; adpressed limbs

separated by one costal fold or touch, in adults , , , , 10

10. Teeth Jess numerous (22-24); body brownish to brownish gray with cream flecks

(rarely darker flecks) ., ' .. , .. , altamontana

Teeth 19-20; a red-brown, fa wn, or orange dorsal stripe " . . . . . .. robertsi

11. Teeth small with reddish-brown tips; toes not widened terminally; maxillary-

premaxillary teeth about 40 on each side

.. leprose

Teeth not tipped with red-brown; teeth large, about 50 in maxillary-premaxillary

series; toes widened at tips , ninrnm:=if'IIIM~

tceco.ntacion de claves para fa determinacion de Aufibios y Reptiles de Mexico 75

12. Large (70 mm. snout to vent); maxillary-premaxillary teeth 59 on one side;

vomerine teeth 18-20; tail, ra rely body, spotted white; terminal pads under digit

tips well developed

gaieanae

Smaller. not exceeding 60 mm. snout to vent

..... 13

13. Body dark, limbs red; tip of ta il red or lighter colored than body

. cepha/ica rubrimembris

Limbs not red, tail usually colored like body

14

14. Body in life lead-colored, flecked and clouded with crea m-white, especially on

venter; central western platea u .

cepha/ica manni

Body uniformly colored, lacking light flecks; eastern plateau

.......... , , cepha/ica cepha/ica

NOTAS; Ocsdc ia pub licacio n de: <'sta clave SIC han dcs c rit o vurias cspccics: Pseudoe urycea werleri (Darling, O.M. and H. 1\1. Smith. 1954. A collection 0 f reptiles and amph'lbians Cram eastern Mexico. Trans. Kansas Aead. Sci., 57(1)',180-195)', Ps endo eutycea brunaia (Bu.nzahcm, C. E. y H. M, Smith. 1955. Additional notes and dcscrition of plcthodontid salamander from Mexico, H c rpctclogica 1 ! (1): 73 -75); Psrudocurycra firsch eini (Shannon, F. A, Y J. E, Wcr ler. '1955, Report on a small collection of amphibians from Veracruz with a description of a new species of Pscudocurvcca. Hcrpetologica 11(1):81-85); Pseudoeurycea praecelle us (Rabb , G. B. 1955. A new salcmandcr cf the genus Parvimoke from Mexico. Breviora 42:1-8); Pseudo eurycea scandens (\Valkcr, C. F. 1955, A new sa lurnandcr of the genus PsclIdocurvcea from Tamaulipas. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zoo!. Univ. [,1ichigan 567:1-8); Pse ndae ury cea juareri (Regal, P. 1. 1966, A new plctliodontid salamander from Oaxaca, Mexico. Am. Mus, Novit , 2266:1-8); Pseudoeurycea anilae, P. conanii, y P. tnystax (Bogert, C. M. 1967, New salamanders of the plctliodontid genus P~~lIdocllrvcen from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Mexico, Am. Mus. Novit. 2314:1-27); Pseudoeurycea longicauda (Lynch, J. F" O. B. Wake, y S. Y. Yang, 1983. Gcnic and morphological differcntation in Mexican Pseudoeurycea (Caudata : Picthodontidac}, with a description of a new species. Copcia , 1983(4):884-894); Pseudoeuryceu parva y P. saliator (Lynch, J. F. Y D. E. Wake. 1989. Two new species of Pseud oe urycea (Amphibia: Caudata) [rom Oaxaca, Mexico. Nat. Hist. Mus, Los Angeles Co. Coritr. Sci. 411 :11-22) y sc han heche varies carnbios nomenclaturales a nivcl de f,r:.n"''''"l< (,,"r PTMPC_ Villela, O. 1993. Hcructo fat.n» 1\·I"v;0·'~O C',,'~ '"'"

7f) Flores-Villela, Mendoza-Quijano y Gonzalez-Porter

CLAVE PAllA LAS ESPEC[ES DE Siren

FUENTE: Martof, B. S. 1974. Siren Linnaeus. Sirens. Cat. Amer. Arnphib. Rept. 151.1-151.2.

Se reproduce con pcrrniso del editor del Catalogue American Amphibians and Reptiles.

L Adults large, total length more than 500· mm; costal grooves 36 to 40, usually 38; hatchlings and young incon-

spicuously marked, light yellow stripe on snout __ ~ ~ __ ~ 2

Adults small, total length usually much below. 500 mm; costal grooves usually 32 to 3S; hatchlings and young con.

spicuously marked, broad reddish band over snout ~ _

_______ . __ ~. _._. _ _;_ .. -.:.--- - .. ----.-----_ ., in termedia . (i n part)

2. Body stocky, maximum length 950. mm;' tip of tail rounded; light markings usually absent or form lateral or ventrolateral rows of narrow short bars ..... __ . __ ._ lacertina Dody slender, maximum length GaG min; tip of tail pointed; light spots usually present, restricted to venter

~ __ .. ._. _: .. __ . intermedin (in na rt l

"etV/JiU/C101I ae ctaves para La determinacion de Aufiblos y Reptiles de Me

CLAV~ I'AI{A LAS ESI'ECIES DE Dermophls Y Gymnophis

FUENTE: Savage, 1. M. and M. H. Wake. 1972. Geographic variation and systematics of the Middle American ca genera Dermophis and Gvmnochis. Copcia, 1972(4):680-695.

Sc reproduce can perrniso de! primer autor.

A .. Tentacle ancI tentacular foramen located well posterior (0 nostril on side of head or just anterior to eye.

B. Tentacle juSt aur cr ior La eye. telll~cubr Iorarnen ;It or ncar center or maxill;lry boue: orb it roofed OVCl~ by squamo\;I'1 bUIIC: .i sillg-lc sp lcn i.r l tooth Oil e;lch r.unus or lower j;lw S{) ,11;1l there ;IIC [\\'" tooth series (clcnlary and sp lcu i a l): plim.uv folds 11~--I'Ll, sC(rlllci:trics 61-117. LOI"j EH--'2S0 .... (;ynuJO!J/'s niuu ipl icota (Guatemala to western Panama all Lllc Coribilean slope anc! Costa RiGI ;llld western Pa narna all tile l'aci fic CO:Lit).

gn. Terunr le ;ll)()u[ halfw;l), between eye :llld n osuil. i cu tucu lur Ior.uuen ill ;IJltCrior margin of maxi lbry boric: orb i [ not roofed by bone; no splenial tectll so o n l y o nc tooth tOW ill each lower j~\\' .

. . . . .. Derm o phis,

C. Primary folds I'? 1-1 .37. secondaries 1 () 1-121. tOt;11 2~~-::58 .... D. onx at a c (southern Pacific :-lexico)_

CC. Piirn.uv folds less rhan 120. secondaries less rhan 100. total less lil;l!) '?2(), D. TOLal number of folds usu:t!ly less [han 145; adults less t hn u %0 rnru to t a l length; secondar) folds less than 50_ .. _ D. paroice ps (both slol;es of SOllt11ClIl (:05tJ. Rica. ucrt luvcs.. ern Puu n ma , south into no["(11('1"11 Colombia).

DD. Total number of folds U511~Jly more ,L~,r, 144; aclu.t s JUG-GOO rn m [o[;lllenglil: secondary folds usually more than 50. . D_ mexicanus (bolh coasts of :--lexico, south to Honduras on [he Atlantic and Nica rJgua on the Pacific; At lau t ic slo pes of Costa Rica and Pacific western Panama).

A.A. Tentacle and tentacular- foramen irn- 111 ed ia te 1)' below nost ri 1.

E. Orbit roofed over by bOl)e; prim·.uy folds Hi9-189,. secoud.uics l(i~·-.'\]. t(Hal 200--218 , . . . Oscnccdia ocln occ phnt« (eastern Pa n.nna to n ort iie ru Co loruoi.r}.

EE. Orbit not roofed over by bo ne ..

G. Primaries 150-192. secondaries 28- 62. to ta l 209-25~. _ .. C. nzgncans (extreme eastern Panama south to northwest Ecuador).

CG. Primaries less than 149.

H. Prirna rics 131-147. secondaries I :!-~[. (OLd l'I.'I-lfi8. ,_ (;. 1(11' 101 Ii 111111 (cxtremc C;ISllT!l ]';111:1111:1 sour]. [0 Suri n.un and Peru).

II fl. 1'1 i m.u ics 112-121. SCCO11 (LtI ics II-.'il. totn l 12ii-I')(j ... C. co! OW! (£1 Valle de :\ntOIl, l'aIIJllI:li~

F. Primaries 226-231. no sccoudar its C. e/ollgllla (extreme e~"(rn P;llI:lIn;l) .

FF. Primaries less than 200, at least 14 secon cia ri es.

Cacrilia

NOTA: En Mexico solo hay cspccics del genera Dermophis.