Adjetives is a part of speech which describes, identifies, or quantifies a noun or a

pronouns. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun so that it will become more

specific and interesting.
Adjetivo es una parte de la oracin que describe, identifica, cuantifica un sustantivo o
un pronombre. Un adjetivo modifica a un sustantivo o un pronombre de modo que
llegue a ser ms especfico e interesante.
Examples: (Ejemplos)
1. the tall man (El hombre alto)
2. a happy child (Un nio contento)
3. a dark street (Una calle oscura)
4. a Spanish woman (Una mujer espaola)
5. the red ball (La pelota roja)
6. a cold winter (Un invierno fro)
7. the glass table (La mesa de vidrio)
Types of Adjectives (Tipos de adjetivos)
English has six classes of adjectives (El ingls tiene seis clases de adjetivos)
1. Descriptive/Qualitative (Calificativos)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Fat (gordo)
Blue (azul)
Nice (simptico)
Hot (caliente)
Young (joven)
Round (redondo)
Long (largo)
Early (temprano)

2. Demonstrative (Demostrativos)
It is important to begin by noting that pronouns may be singular or plural and may refer
to the distance. (Es importante comenzar sealando que los pronombres pueden estar en
singular o plural y que pueden hacer referencia a la distancia.)

This (este/a/o)
That (ese/a/o, aqul, aquello/a)
These (estos/as)
Those (esos/as, aquellos/as)

Examples: (Ejemplos)
1.
2.
3.
4.

I like this car. (Me gusta este coche.)

I like that car. (Me gusta ese coche.)
I like these cars. (Me gustan estos coches.)
I like those cars. (Me gustan aquellos coches.)

Demonstrative pronouns may be accompanied by a name as shown in the examples

above, or they can go it alone as in the following. (Los pronombres demostrativos
pueden ir acompaados de un nombre como vemos en los ejemplos anteriores, o pueden
ir solos como en los siguientes)
Examples: (Ejemplos)
1. This is a good book. (ste es un buen libro.)
2. What is that? (Qu es eso?)
Other Uses of Demonstrative Pronouns (Otros usos de los demostrativos)
1. We can use them when we turned to someone on the other side of the telephone line.
(Podemos utilizarlos cuando nos presentamos a otra persona al otro lado de la lnea
telefnica)
Hello. This is Alicia. (Hola. Soy Alicia.)
2. Or when we are not sure who we're talking to the other side of the line or someone
we do not see because we are in a dark place or in another room. (O cuando no estamos
seguros de con quin estamos hablando al otro lado de la lnea o a alguien que no vemos
porque estamos en un sitio oscuro o en otra habitacin:)
Peter, is that you? (Eres t, Peter?)
3. This, so we can use when we presented to people. (Esto, tambin lo podemos
utilizar cuando presentamos a personas)
Lucy, this is my friend Jill. (Lucy, sta es mi amiga Jill.)
4. That, also we can use to refer to something from the past. (Eso, tambin lo
podemos utilizar para referirnos a algo del pasado)
That pizza was delicious. (Aquella pizza estaba riqusima.)
3. Quantitative (Cuantitativos)
Indicate the number of a name. They are answers to the question " How many?" . Like
the articles, quantifiers define a name and are always located in front of the name. Some
can be used only with accounting names, others only with countless names and others
with both.
(Indican la cantidad de un nombre. Son repuestas a la pregunta Cuntos?. Al igual
que los artculos, los cuantificadores definen a un nombre y siempre estn situados
delante del nombre. Algunos se pueden usar slo con nombres contables, otros, slo con
nombres incontables y otros, con ambos.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Some (alguno/s)
Any (alguno/s, ninguno)
Many (mucho/s)
Much (mucho)
A lot of/Lots of (mucho)
Little/A Little (poco/s)

Many: It expresses the idea lot . It is used mostly in negative and interrogative with
plural count noun phrases. It can be used "many " in affirmative sentences , although not
very common. Normally , we use other quantifiers like "a lot ".
(Expresa la idea de gran cantidad. Es utilizado sobre todo en frases negativas e
interrogativas con el nombre contable en plural. Se puede usar many en frases
afirmativas, aunque no es muy comn. Normalmente, usamos otros cuantificadores
como a lot.)
Examples (Ejemplos:)
Negative sentence (Frase negativa)
1. There are not many tourists. (No hay muchos turistas.)
Interrogative sentence (Frase interrogativa)
2. How many cats do you have? (Cuntos gatos tienes?)
Affirmative sentence (Frase afirmativa)
3. We have many friends. (Tenemos muchos amigos.)

It also combines with "too " (too ) or "so" (both ) to express the idea of too much or a
point of view on a number .
(Tambin se combina con too (demasiado) o so (tanto) para expresar la idea de
cantidad excesiva o un punto de vista sobre una cantidad.)
Examples (Ejemplos)
1. There are too many changes for me. (Hay demasiados cambios para m.)
2. There are so many things I want to do! (Hay tantas cosas que deseo hacer!)

Much: As "many " expresses the idea of wealth and is used mostly in negative and
interrogative sentences . The difference with "many " is that we use " much" only
countless singular nouns . You can use " much" in affirmative sentences , although it
would be more formal and not so common.
(Como many, expresa la idea de gran cantidad y es utilizado sobre todo en frases
negativas e interrogativas. La diferencia con many es que usamos much slo con
nombres incontables en singular. Se puede usar much en frases afirmativas, aunque
sera ms formal y no es tan comn.)
Examples (Ejemplos)
Negative sentence (Frase negativa)
1. There is not much time. (No hay mucho tiempo.)

Interrogative sentence (Frase interrogativa)

2. How much money does he have? (Cunto dinero tiene?)
Affirmative sentence (Frase afirmativa)
3. We have much to do! (Tenemos mucho que hacer!)
As "many " can also be combined with "too " or "so" to express the idea of too much or
a point of view on a number .
(Como many tambin se puede combinar con too o so para expresar la idea de
cantidad excesiva o un punto de vista sobre una cantidad.)
Examples (Ejemplos)
1. There is too much work. (Hay demasiado trabajo.)
2. We have so much work to do! (Tenemos tanto trabajo que hacer!)
Some: It is used for both names or uncountable nouns as names or plural countable . It
is used in affirmative and interrogative sentences ( to say something) ; "Any " is
replaced in negative or interrogative sentences . It means an indefinite amount but
limitada.Se used both names or uncountable nouns as names or plural countable . It is
used in affirmative and interrogative sentences ( to say something) ; "Any " is replaced
in negative or interrogative sentences . It means an indefinite amount, but limited.
(Se utiliza tanto para los nombres o sustantivos incontables como para los nombres o
sustantivos contables en plural. Se usa en frases afirmativas e interrogativas (para
afirmar algo); se sustituye any en frases negativas o interrogativas. Significa una
cantidad indefinida, pero limitada.)
Examples (Ejemplos)
Affirmative sentence/countable noun (Frase afirmativa/nombre contable)
1. She has some apples. (Tiene algunas manzanas.)
Affirmative sentence/uncountable noun (Frase afirmativa/nombre incontable)
2. There is some milk in the kitchen. (Hay leche en la cocina.)
Interrogative sentence/countable noun (Frase interrogativa/nombre contable)
3. Are there some tourists? (Hay unos turistas?)
Interrogative sentence/uncountable noun (Frase interrogativa/nombre incontable)
4. Would you like some coffee? (Quieres caf?)
Any: Se utiliza en los mismos contextos que some, pero en frases negativas o
interrogativas.
Ejemplos:
Negative sentence/countable noun (Frase negativa/nombre contable)
1. I do not have any cats. (No tengo ningn gato.)

Negative sentence/uncountable noun (Frase negativa/nombre incontable)

2. He does not have any money. (No tiene dinero.)
Interrogative sentence/countable noun (Frase interrogativa/nombre contable)
3. Are there any changes? (Hay algunos cambios?)
Interrogative sentence/uncountable noun (Frase interrogativa/nombre incontable)
4. Is there any milk? (Hay leche?)
A lot of/Lots of: (Mucho)
Idea expressed lot. It can be used with names or countable and uncountable nouns.
Unlike "many " and " much", we not use them in interrogative sentences. In general,
"lots of " is more informal.
(Expresan idea de gran cantidad. Se puede usar con nombres o sustantivos contables e
incontables. A diferencia de many y much, no las usamos en frases interrogativas.
En general, lots of es ms informal.)
Examples (Ejemplos)
Countable nouns (Nombre contable)
1.
2.
3.
4.

He has a lot of books. (Tiene muchos libros.)

He does not have a lot of books. (No tiene muchos libros.)
I have lots of money. (Tengo mucho dinero.)
I do not have a lot of money. (No tengo mucho dinero.)

Little/A Little: (Poco)

They express a small amount and are used only with uncountable nouns. The option to
use "Little " or " Little " reflects an opinion on the amount . If you use " Little " means a
positive opinion on the amount and if you use "Little " implies a negative opinion.
(Expresan una cantidad pequea y se usan slo con nombres incontables. La opcin de
usar Little o a Little refleja una opinin sobre la cantidad. Si usas a Little",
significa una opinin positiva sobre la cantidad y si usas Little implica una opinin
negativa.)
Examples (Ejemplos)
Interrogative sentence (Frase interrogativa)
1. Do you have a little money? (Tienes un poco de dinero?)
Affirmative sentence (Frase afirmativa)
2. We have little time. (Tenemos poco tiempo.)
4. Interrogative (Interrogativos)
1. Which? (cul?)
2. What? (qu?)
3. Where? (dnde?)

4. How? (cmo?)
There are two types of questions: closed questions and open questions .
(Hay dos tipos de preguntas: las preguntas cerradas y las preguntas abiertas.)
Closed Questions (Preguntas Cerradas)
Closed questions require a " yes " or "no" , "right" or " wrong" answer. These questions
are formed with an auxiliary verb ( "do" , "be" or " have got" ) .
(Las Preguntas cerradas requieren una respuesta yes o no, right o wrong. Estas
preguntas se forman con un verbo auxiliar (do, be o have got).)
1. With the verbs "to be" and " have got" (Con los verbos to be y have got)
Verbo + sujeto + sustantivo, adjetivo?
Verb + Subject + noun, adjective..?
Examples (Ejemplos)
1. Is she tall? Yes, she is. (Ella es alta? S, lo es.)
2. Have you got a pet? No, I havent. (Tienes una mascota? No, no tengo.)
2. All other verbs (Todos los otros verbos)
Verbo auxiliar (to do) + sujeto + verbo principal + sustantivo, adjetivo?
auxiliary verb (to do ) + subject + main verb + noun , adjective..?
Ejemplos:
1. Does he work in a school? No, he doesnt. (Trabaja en una escuela? No, no
trabaja.)
2. Did you like New York? Yes, I did. (Te gust Nueva York? S, me gust.)
3. Do their children play sports? Yes, they do. (Sus hijos juegan deportes? S,
juegan.)
Open Questions (Preguntas abiertas)
Open-ended questions can not be answered with a simple " yes " or "no" , but obtained
information, explanation , description or review . Open questions are created using
interrogative pronouns or " question words "
(Las Preguntas abiertas no se pueden contestar con un simple yes o no, pero
obtienen informacin, explicacin, descripcin u opinin. Las preguntas abiertas se
crean utilizando pronombres interrogativos o question words.)
1. With the verbs "to be" and " have got" (Con los verbos to be y have got)
Pronombre interrogativo + verbo + sujeto + sustantivo, adjetivo?
interrogative + verb + subject pronoun + noun , adjective..?
Example (Ejemplos:)

1.
2.
3.
4.

What have you got in your bag? (Qu tienes en tu bolsa?)

Where are you? (Dnde ests?)
When is he available? (Cundo est disponible?)
How are the cookies? (Cmo estn las galletas?)

2. All other verbs (Todos los otros verbos)

Pronombre interrogativo + verbo auxiliar (to do) + sujeto + verbo principal + sustantivo,
adjetivo?
interrogative pronoun + auxiliary verb (to do ) + subject + main verb + noun ,
adjective..?
Examples (Ejemplos:)
1.
2.
3.
4.

What do you like to eat? (Qu te gusta comer?)

Where does she work? (Dnde trabaja?)
When do they go on vacation? (Cundo te vas de vacaciones?)
Why do you study English? (Por qu estudias ingls?)

Note: questions , unlike the Spanish , prepositions are usually found at the end of the
sentence.
(Nota: En las preguntas, a diferencia del espaol, las preposiciones se encuentran
generalmente al final de la frase.)
Examples (Ejemplos:)
1. What are you thinking about? (En qu ests pensando?)
2. Wheres she driving to? (A dnde conduce?)
3. Who are they laughing at? (De quin te ests riendo?)
5. Possessive (Posesivos)
Possessive pronouns are classified into two types according to their function in the
sentence.
(Los pronombres posesivos se clasifican en dos tipos segn su funcin en la oracin.)
Depending determinative (En funcin de determinante)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

My (mi(s))
Your (tu(s), de ti / su(s), de usted)
His (su(s), de l)
Her (su(s), de ella)
Its (su(s))
Our (nuestro(s), de nosotros)
Your (vuestro(s) / su(s), de ustedes)
Their (su(s), de ellos)

Depending pronoun (En funcin de pronombre)

1. Mine (mo(s))
2. Yours (tuyo(s) / suyo(s))

3.
4.
5.
6.

His (suyo(s))
Hers (suyo(s))
Its (su(s))
Ours (nuestro(s))

6. Numeric (Numricos)
1.
2.
3.
4.

one (uno)
four (cuatro)
first (primero)
third (tercero)

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

1. The adjective usually comes before the name, as we saw in the beginning of this
lesson . Although in some cases depend on the verb , and then the adjective is placed
after the verb . These verbs are:
(El adjetivo casi siempre se sita antes del nombre, como hemos visto en el principio de
esta leccin. Aunque en algunos casos, dependen del verbo, y entonces el adjetivo se
sita detrs del verbo. Estos verbos son:)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

To be (ser/estar),
To become (ponerse),
To feel (sentirse),
To look (parecer),
To seem (parecer),
To smell (oler),
To taste (gustar)

Examples (Ejemplos
1.
2.
3.
4.

She looks [seems] tired. (Parece cansada.)

I feel good. (Me siento bien.)
It smells bad. (Huele mal.)
You are beautiful. (Eres guapa.)

2. The adjective English has no gender. (El adjetivo en ingls no tiene gnero.)
1.
2.
3.
4.

Fast (rpido/a)
good (bueno/a)
Cold (fro/a)
Tall (alto/a)

3. In general, the adjectives do not have a plural form. Only demonstrative and
quantitative adjectives have different forms for singular and the plural.
(En general, los adjetivos no tienen una forma plural. Solo los adjetivos demostrativos y
cuantitativos tienen formas diferentes para el singular y el plural:)
Demostrative (Demostrativos)
1. This pencil (este lpiz)
2. These pencils (estos lpices)

Quantitative (Cuantitativos:)
3. Much money (mucho dinero)
4. Many books (muchos libros)
4. We can use two or more adjectives together. (Podemos usar dos o ms adjetivos
juntos.)
Examples (Ejemplos:)
1.
2.
3.
4.

A small black book (un libro pequeo y negro)

A pretty Spanish woman (una mujer espaola guapa)
A large glass table (una mesa grande de vidrio)
A wonderful old city (una ciudad antigua y maravillosa)

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