Ejercicios Resueltos de Transformada de Laplace de Ecuaciones Diferenciales A - Orlando Cabrales - Academia

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EJERCICIOSRESUELTOSDE
TRANSFORMADADE
LAPLACEDEECUACIONES
DIFERENCIALESA

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Orlando Cabrales

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28 Pages

Universidad Nacional Experimental del Tchira.


Departamento de Ingeniera Electrnica.
Ncleo de Instrumentacin y Control.
Profesor: Tito Gonzlez.
San Cristbal, Jueves 15 de Octubre del 2009.

EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS DE TRANSFORMADA DE


LAPLACE DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

INTRODUCCION.

A continuacin se obtiene la solucin de tres ecuaciones diferenciales por medio de la utilizacin


de transformada directa e inversa de Laplace con el objeto de establecer las tcnicas bsicas para la
aplicacin de la herramienta en esta clase de problemas.
Los ejercicios se inician hallando la solucin completa o respuesta total, y posteriormente se
desarrollan los conceptos de respuesta libre, respuesta forzada, la respuesta total como suma algebraica de
la respuesta libre y la respuesta forzada, para finalmente desarrollar el concepto de funcin de
transferencia.
Por otra parte, cada uno de los ejercicios se acompaa de sus respectivas grficas tanto en el
dominio de la frecuencia compleja S como en el dominio del tiempo, para mostrar el significado y
valores caractersticos de la transformacin, en particular la relacin que hay entre la posicin de los polos
y el comportamiento en tiempo.
Estosdel
grficos,
por medio
dede
scripts
Matlab versin
5.3, experimente
los cuales estn
a
disposicin
publicose
enrealizaron
otro apartado,
a objeto
que eleninteresado
en el rea
con la
modificacin de los parmetros que se encuentran identificados para tal fin al inicio del script.
Cada ejercicio se encuentra identificado en su inicio con un nombre cdigo como: TLEDE01, el
cual significa: Transformada de Laplace de Ecuaciones Diferenciales Ejercicio 01, de manera tal de no
perder el enlace entre el ejercicio resuelto y la codificacin en Matlab.

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UNET, Dpto. Electrnica, Nuc. Inst. y Control, Tito Gonzlez, [email protected], 15 Oct 2009.
Ejercicios Resueltos de Transformada de Laplace de Ecuaciones Diferenciales.

1 / 28

Ejercicio: TLEDE01
Obtenga la ecuacin que es solucin de la siguiente ecuacin diferencial por el mtodo de la Transformada
de Laplace, haciendo uso de tablas y propiedades.

d 2 g( t)
dt2

+ 4g( t ) = sen( 4t ) con g( 0) = 0 y g( 0) = 15

Solucin:
(-(5&,&,265(68(/726'(75$16)250$'$'(/$3/$&('((&8$&,21(6',)(5

DOWNLOAD

Aplicando Transformada Directa de Laplace

{sen( 4t)}
L {D 2 g( t ) + 4 g( t )} = L
{ g( t )} = L
{sen( 4t)}
L {D 2 g( t )} + 4L

{S

S G( s) 0 15 + 4G( s) =

G( s) =

(S2 + 4 2 )

G( s)(S2 + 4) 15 =
G( s)(S2 + 4) =

(S + 4

G( s) Sg( 0) g
( 0) } + 4 {G( s)} =

(S

(S2 + 4 2 )

+ 42 )
+

(S2 + 6 2 )

5( S 2 + 2 2 )(S2 + 4 2 )

1
5

20 + ( S + 4
2

5( S + 4
2

S
2 + 36
5(S + 4
2

1 ( S2 + 6 2 )
5

G( s) =

(S 2 + 2 2 )(S2 + 4 2 )

Aplicando Transformada Inversa de Laplace

{G( s)} = L

1 (S2 + 6 2 )

5
=
2
2
2
2
(S + 2 )(S + 4 )

1 ( S

)2 2
5[ + 0 + 6 ]
L

2
[( S + 0) + 2 ] [( S+ 0) + 4 ]
1

UNET, Dpto. Electrnica, Nuc. Inst. y Control, Tito Gonzlez, [email protected], 15 Oct 2009.
Ejercicios Resueltos de Transformada de Laplace de Ecuaciones Diferenciales.

2 / 28

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{G( s)} = L 1

M1 1

2
[( S+ 0) + 2 ]

{G( s)} = L

L 1 {G( s)} =

M1
1

M1 1

2
( S+ 1 ) + 12

[( S+ 0) 2 + 4 2 ]
M2 2

M2 2
1
+ L
2

( S+ 2 ) + 2 2

sen( 1 t + 1 ) +

1 t

M2
2

sen( 2 t + 2 )

2 t

forma de la
respuesta

Hallando los coeficientes

]}

M 1 1 = G( s) (S + 1 ) + 12

S = 1 + j1

M 2 2 = G( s) (S + 2 ) + 2

]}

S = 2 + j2

1 ( S2 + 36)
5
(S2 + 16)

=
S = 0+ 2 j

1 ( S2 + 36)
5
= ( S 2 + 4)

8
15

.
= 05333
0 = M1 1

1
S = 0+ 4 j

= 3 = 0.3333
= M2 2

sustituyendo en la forma de la respuesta

( 0.3333)

L 1 {G( s)} = g ( t ) =

05333
.

L 1 {G( s)} = g ( t ) =

0.2667sen( 2t ) + 0.0834sen ( 4t + )

0t

sen( 2t + 0) +

0 t

sen( 4t +
)

UNET, Dpto. Electrnica, Nuc. Inst. y Control, Tito Gonzlez, [email protected], 15 Oct 2009.
Ejercicios Resueltos de Transformada de Laplace de Ecuaciones Diferenciales.

3 / 28

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(-(5&,&,265(68(/726'(75$16)250$'$'(/$3/$&('((&8$&,21(6',)(5(1&,$/(6$_RUODQGRFDEUDOHV$FDGHPLDHGX

UNET, Dpto. Electrnica, Nuc. Inst. y Control, Tito Gonzlez, [email protected], 15 Oct 2009.
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Ejercicios Resueltos de Transformada de Laplace de Ecuaciones Diferenciales.

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