Guias de Geodesia I
Guias de Geodesia I
Guias de Geodesia I
GUA N3 GEODESIA I
1) De la figura deduzca analticamente el efecto de curvatura y refraccin en la observacin
de un ngulo de elevacin.
B
A
R
N.m.m
1
Z 2 Z1 1 h1 1 h
2
R
2 R
S2
1
12 R 2
1
2 R h1 2 tang Z 2 Z 1
2
S
3
2
Si:
; Si:
2 2 R
h
1
1 tang Z 2 Z1
2
2
3) Demuestre analticamente la reduccin de una distancia inclinada a una geodsica
1) Solucin:
A
Lnea tangente
Al geoide
/2
R
N.m.m
S sen '
2
H
;H
sen '
' 2
S sen '
S sen '
2
2
S
H
H
H
sen ' sen '
sen '
cos '
H
cos '
Como
sen '
cos '
H S
cos '
2
y cos
S
/:2
R
2 2 R
S
S2
tang
'
2 R
2 R
/2
A
Lnea tangente
Al geoide
/2
R
N.m.m
'
S
R
/ :2
2 2 R
SK
2 2 R'
2 2 R
R
K
tang tang
2
S2
S
2
H S tang '
H S tang
S
2 R
2 2 R
1 tang tang
tang tang
2
2
sen 2
tang
; al ser muy pequeo
2 cos
2
tang
, cos
1 y sen en radianes
2
2
2
tang 2 H S tang S 2 2 SR ; si 2 2S RK
2
2
H S tang
S2 K
S2
2) Solucin:
S2 m
S2
S2
0,5 m
; por lo tanto H S tang
R
2 R
R
1
2 R h1 2 tang Z 2 Z 1
2
S
3
2
; Si
2 2 R
h
1
1 tang Z 2 Z1
2
2
Reemplazando
en h se tiene:
S
2
2 R
3
2 R h1
tang 1 Z Z
2
1
S
1
1
tang Z 2 Z 1
2 R
2
S
S3
1
tang Z 2 Z 1
3
2
2 R 24 R
S
1
1
tang Z 2 Z 1
2 R
2
2 R h1
S2
S
1
2 R h1 1
tang Z 2 Z 1
2
2
12 R 2 R
h
S
1
1
tang Z 2 Z 1
2 R
2
S
1
tang Z 2 Z 1 , es muy pequeo, consideraremos
Considerando que el producto
2 R
2
que:
S
1
tang Z 2 Z 1
2 R
2
S
1
tang Z 2 Z 1
2 R
2
S2 S
1
tang Z 2 Z 1
2
2
12 R R
h
S
1
1
tang Z 2 Z 1
2 R
2
2
S
S
1
S
1
h R h1 1
tang Z 2 Z1 1
tang Z 2 Z1
2
2
2 R
2
12 R R
R h1 1
h R h1
S2
1
1
S
1
tang Z 2 Z1 1 tang Z 2 Z 1
2
2
2
2
R
12 R
S2
1
1
S
1
tang Z 2 Z 1 1 tang Z 2 Z 1
2
2
2
2 R
12 R
S
R
h S 1 1
R
h
1
h S tang Z 2 Z 1 1 1
2
R
1
Pero h' S tang Z 2 Z 1
2
S2
1
12 R 2
1
S
1 tang Z 2 Z 1
2
2 R
S2
1
12 R 2
h '
Quedando finalmente:
h
1
h S tang Z 2 Z 1 1 1
2
R
3) Solucin:
Reduccin al horizonte:
B
Di
dh
A
Ha
Hb
N
sen N cos 2
2
h 2
dh Di 1 2
Di
1
2
1
1 1
1 1 1
1 x x 2 3 x 2 ........
2
2 4
2 4 6
2
1 h 2 1 1 h 2
2
h
x 0; dh Di 1
;
Si
dh Di 1
2
2
2
2
Di
Di
2 4 Di
h 2 1 1 h 4
h 2
1 h 4
dh Di 1
..... dh Di
......
2
4
2
8 Di 4
Di 2 8 Di
2 Di
.....
h 2
2Di 2
R
N.m.m
R
hm
Ha Hb
2
Dnmm
hm R
R hm
R
hm
1
dh R
Dnmm
hm
R 1
dh Dnmm
hm hm
hm
dh hm dh hm
Dnmm dh 1
........ Dnmm dh
2
3
R R
R
R
R 2
dh hm
Dnmm dh
R
dh hm
Por lo tanto la correccin al nivel del mar es: Cnmm
R
2
0
2
B1
R
arcoA1 B1 R ; sen
2
Dnmm
2
2
sen
....
2 2 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
2 R sen
pero
sen
x3 x5 x7
........
3!
5!
7!
3
2 2 48
3
Dnmm R
Dnmm
2 R
2
24
2 48
S
S
S3
S3
Dnmm
Dnmm
3
R
24 R 2
R 24 R
S3
S
Dnmm
24 R 2
S3
Por lo tanto la correccin del paso de la cuerda al arco es: Cc
24 R 2
En resumen
24 R 2
2 Di
R
Dnmm
1,40
4230,83
1,45
4687,59m
4232,28m
h 455,31
dh
Di 2 h 2 dh 21912,25m
4686,19 4230,83
hm 4458,51m
2
1 e
N 6384078,72m ;
a 1 e 2
sen
1 e sen
N
R
R 6362828,085
2
sen N cos 2
2
6352934,90m
GUA N4 GEODESIA I
64
66
65
94
Estacin
Punto Angulo horizontal Angulo vertical Altura de seal
65
94
00 00 00
--------hi = 1,44m 66
46 26 22,1
92 19 36,2
2,00m
66
65
----87 45 23,5
2,00m
hi = 1,40m
-Calcular las coordenadas geogrficas de 66 y su cota
Distancia inclinada 65 66 = 10667,98m
Elipsoide de referencia: Internacional 1924; a = 6.378.388m; e2 = 0,00672267m; f = 1/297.
Solucin:
Calculo de azimut inverso
94 : 31 33' 31,94' '
65 : 31 29' 25,25'
0 4' 6,69' '
' ' 246,69' '
' '
123,345' '
2
' '
92,845' '
2
Nm
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m
a
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,00672267
6378388
6353014,405m
6384257,493m
1
' 'arc1' ' 2
2
24
24
S1 sen 4899,200169355
2
2
2
2
2
2
24 N m
24 6384257,493 2
S 2 cos 7958,120594541
2
24
2
tang 1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
24 N m
Si
S1 S 2 ; se tiene :
1
4899,200169355
tang
0,6447910517
2
7598,120594541
97,091' '
1
cos 0 2' 3,345' '
cos
2
48,545' '
48,545' '
2
2
32 48' 48,82' '48,545' ' 32 48' 0,275' ' ; Por lo tanto 6594 32 48' 0,28' '
S1
S2
4889,200169355
1
sen
2
7598,120594541
1
cos
2
4889,200169355
sen 32 48' 48,82' '
7598,120594541
S1 9040,664m
S 2 9040,664m
66
Z 2 87 45'23,5' '
hi1 1,44m
hi2 1,40m
hb2 2,00 m
hb1 2,00m
H 65 4383,20 m
Di 10667,98m
Di arc1' '
10667,98 4,848136811 10 -6
10667,98 4,848136811 10 -6
h' Di sen
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 10667,98 sen 87 45' 35,09' '92 19' 47,02' ' 425,33m
2
2
Nm
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
a
2
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,00672267
6378388
1
2
6352980,204m
6384246,036m
Nm m
m sen 65 66 N m cos 2 65 66
2
6384246,036 6352980,204
6352980,204 sen79 14' 22,38' ' 6384246,036 cos 79 14' 22,38' '
R 6383150,99m
4170,535m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
10659,498 4170,535
6,964
R
6383150,99
Cc
Dnmm 3
10652,534 3
0,0012
24 R 2
24 6383150,99 2
66
Z 2 87 45'23,5' '
hi1 1,44m
hi2 1,40m
hb2 2,00 m
hb1 2,00m
H 65 4383,20 m
S 10652,535m
hb2 hi1
S arc1' '
hb1 hi2
S arc1' '
2,00 1,44
10652,535 4,848136811 10 -6
2,00 1,40
10652,535 4,848136811 10 -6
10,84' '
11,62' '
h' S tang
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 425,054m
2
A 1 1 1
1,000686683
R
6383150,99
h'
425,055
1
B 1
1,000033295
6383150
,
99
S
10652,535 2
1,000000232
C 1
12 R 2
12 6383150,99 2
4170,52m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
10659,496 4170,52
6,964
R
6383150,99
Dnmm 3
10652,532 3
0,001236
24 R 2
24 6383150,99 2
2
m arc1' '
2 N 1 m arc1' '
6 N arc1' '
1 m
Iteracin 1
m1 65 31 29' 25,25' '
II
III
m1
N1
I 1
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m1
a
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,00672267
6378388
6352980,204m
6384246,036m
S cos 6566
10652,533 cos 79 14' 22,38' '
64,57320242' '
m1 arc1' '
6352980,204 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1
S 2 sen 2 6566 tang m1 10652,533 2 sen 79 14' 22,38' ' 2 tang 31 29' 25,25' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6384246,036 6352980,204 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1 0,1705925407' '
III 1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2
10652,5333 sen 79 14' 22,38' ' cos 7914'22,38' ' 1 3 tang 31 29' 25,25' '
m2
a 1 e 2
m2
1 e
sen m 2
2
6378388 1 0,00672267
6352989,13m
N 1 6384246,036m
I 2
II 2
S cos 6566
10652,533 cos 79 14' 22,38' '
S 2 sen 2 6566 tang m 2 10652,533 2 sen 79 14' 22,38' ' 2 tang 31 29' 57,45' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6384246,036 6352989,13 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2 0,1706520947' '
III 2
10652,5333 sen 79 14' 22,38' ' cos 7914'22,38' ' 1 3 tang 31 29' 57,45' '
6 6384246,036 2 6352989,13 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m3
N2
1 e
sen 66
2
1
2
6378388
6384252,017 m
S sen 6566
10652,533 sen79 14' 22,38' '
396,585' ' ' ' ' 396,585' ' 0 6' 36,59' '
GUA N5 GEODESIA I
68
67
66
Estacin
67
hi = 1,46m
66
hi = 1,40m
65
hi = 1,44m
65
00 00 00
94 36 41,59
00 00 00
93 30 03
-------------
------------89 27 16
90 41 30,02
87 45 23,5
92 19 36,2
------------17893,074m
-----------10667,978m
------------
Altura de
seal
------------0,00m
1,25m
2,00m
2,00m
Solucin:
Calculo de azimut inverso
68 : 31 18' 8,340' '
67 : 31 21' 21,367'
0 3' 13,027' '
' ' 193,027' '
' '
96,5135' '
2
' '
254,6665' '
2
Nm
1
1
298,25 298,25
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
sen m
2
e 2 0,006694541855
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6378160
6352699,769m
6383939,698m
1
' 'arc1' ' 2
2
24
24
S1 sen 13465,49062
2
2
2
2
2
2
24 N m
24 6383939,698 2
S 2 cos 5944,987037
2
S1 sen
S 2 cos
Si
24
2
tang 1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
24 N m
S1 S 2 ; se tiene :
tang
2,265015977
2
5944,987037
' 'sen m
509,333' 'sen 31 19' 44,854' '
132,415' '
132,415' '
0 2' 12,415' '
2
2
2
' '
Por lo tanto 67 68 180 66 12' 55,515' '180 67 68 246 12' 55,515' '
68
180
67
Sur
S1
S2
13465,49062
1
sen
2
5944,987037
cos
2
13465,49062
5944,987037
S1 14719,453m
S 2 14719,453m
66
hi1 1,46m
hi 2 1,40m
hb2 0,00m
hb1 1,25m
H 67 3764,67 m
Di 17893,074m
Di arc1' '
17893,074 4,848136811 10 -6
Di arc1' '
16,83' '
1,73' '
h' Di sen
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 17893,074 sen 90 41' 28,47' '89 26' 59,17' ' 193,85m
2
2
Nm
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m
a
sen m
2
66
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6378160
6352726,338m
6383948,598m
Nm m
m sen 67 66 N m cos 2 67 66
2
6383948,598 6352726,338
6352726,338 sen340 49' 37,105' ' 6383948,598 cos 340 49' 37,105' '
2
R 6356079,301m
Dh
hm
3861,595m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
17892,024 3861,595
10,87 m
R
6356079,301
Cc
Dnmm 3
17881,154 3
0,006m
24 R 2
24 6356079,3012
66
hi1 1,46m
hi 2 1,40m
hb2 0,00m
hb1 1,25m
H 67 3764,67 m
S 17881,160m
hb2 hi1
hb1 hi2
S arc1' '
S arc1' '
0,00 1,46
17881,160 4,848136811 10 -6
1,25 1,40
17881,160 4,848136811 10 -6
16,84' '
1,73' '
h' S tang
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 17881,160 sen 90 41' 28,47' '89 26' 59,16' ' 193,73m
2
2
h
3764,67
A 1 1 1
1,000592294
R
6356079,301
h '
193,73
1
B 1
1,00001524
6356079
,
301
2
2
S
17881,160
1
1,00000066
C 1
2
2
12 R
12 6356079,301
66
Nm
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m
sen m
2
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6378160
6352726,338m
6383948,598m
6383948,598 6352726,338
6352726,338 sen340 49' 37,105' ' 6383948,598 cos 340 49' 37,105' '
2
R 6356079,301m
Dh
3861,595m
2
2
hm
Cnmm
Dh hm
17892,024 3861,595
10,87 m
R
6356079,301
Cc
Dnmm 3
17881,154 3
0,006m
24 R 2
24 6356079,3012
' '
2
m arc1' '
2 N 1 m arc1' '
6 N arc1' '
1 m It
I
II
III
eracin 1
m1 67 31 21' 21,367' '
S 17881,160m
m1
N1
1 e
1 e
a 1 e2
2
sen 2 m1
a
sen m1
2
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6378160
6352726,338m
6383948,598m
S cos 67 66
17881,160 cos 340 49' 37,105' '
548,374097' '
m1 arc1' '
6352726,338 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1
S 2 sen 2 67 66 tang m1 17881,160 2 sen 340 49' 37,105' ' 2 tang 31 21' 21,367' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6383948,598 6352726,338 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1 0,05344' '
III 1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2
17881,160 3 sen 340 49' 37,105' ' cos 340 49' 37,105' ' 1 3 tang 31 21' 21,367' '
6 6383948,598 2 6352726,338 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m2
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen 2 m 2
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6352801,883m
N1 6383948,598m
I 2
II 2
S cos 67 66
17881,160 cos 340 49' 37,105' '
548,367576' '
m 2 arc1' '
6352801,883 4,848136811 10 -6
S 2 sen 2 67 66 tang m 2 17881,160 2 sen 340 49' 37,105' ' 2 tang 31 25' 55,528' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6383948,598 6352801,883 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2 0,0535994' '
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
17881,160 3 sen 340 49' 37,105' ' cos 340 49' 37,105' ' 1 3 tang 31 25' 55,528' '
m3
Iteracin 3
m3
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen 2 m 3
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6352801,881m
N 1 6383948,598m
S cos 67 66
17881,160 cos 340 49' 37,105' '
I 3
548,3675762' '
m3 arc1' '
6352801,881 4,848136811 10 -6
II 3
S 2 sen 2 67 66 tang m 3 17881,160 2 sen 340 49' 37,105' ' 2 tang 31 25' 55,524' '
2 N 1 m 3 arc1' '
2 6383948,598 6352801,881 4,848136811 10 -6
II 3 0,0535994' '
III 3
6 N 1 m 3 arc1' '
2
17881,160 3 sen 340 49' 37,105' ' cos 340 49' 37,105' ' 1 3 tang 31 25' 55,524' '
6 6383948,598 2 6352801,881 4,848136811 10 -6
III 3 0,000164' '
2
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
' '
sen 66
2
6378160
6383999,242m
S sen 67 66
17881,160 sen340 49' 37,105' '
222,5526' '
N 2 cos final
6383999,242 cos 31 30' 29,681' '
116,0590407' '
66 67 67 66 180 340 49' 37,105' '180 01'56,06 160 47' 41,045' '
Por lo tanto 66 67 160 47' 41,045' '
Por lo tanto 66 65 6667 98 30' 3' ' 6665 259 17' 44,045' '
65
hi1 1,40m
hi 2 1,44m
hb2 2,00m
hb1 2,00m
H 66 3958,52m
Di 10667,978m
Di arc1' '
10667,978 4,848136811 10 -6
Di arc1' '
10,82' '
h' Di sen
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 10667,978 sen 92 19' 47,02' '87 45' 35,09' ' 425,33m
2
2
65
Nm
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
a
2
sen m
2
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6378160
6352877,529m
6383999,242m
Nm m
m sen 6665 N m cos 2 66 65
2
6383999,242 6352877,529
6352877,529 sen 259 17' 44,045' ' 6383999,242 cos 259 17' 44,045' '
2
R 6382920,455m
Dh
hm
4171,185m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
10659,496 4171,185
6,966m
R
6382920,455
Cc
Dnmm 3
10652,530 3
0,001m
24 R 2
24 6382920,455 2
65
Z 2 9219' 36,2' '
hi1 1,40m
hi 2 1,44m
hb2 2,00m
hb1 2,00m
H 66 3958,52m
S 10652,531m
hb2 hi1
S arc1' '
hb1 hi2
S arc1' '
2,00 1,40
10652,531 4,848136811 10 -6
2,00 1,44
10652,531 4,848136811 10 -6
11,62' '
10,84' '
h' S tang
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 10652,531 sen 92 19' 47,04' '87 45' 35,12' ' 425,05m
2
2
h
3958,52
A 1 1 1
1,000620174
R
6382920,455
h'
425,05
1
B 1
1,000033296
2 R
2 6382920,455
S2
10652,5312
1,000000232
C 1
2
2
12 R
12 6382920,455
65
a 1 e2
1 e
Nm
1 e
sen m
2
a
2
sen 2 m
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6378160
6352877,529m
6383999,242m
Nm m
m sen 6665 N m cos 2 6665
2
6383999,242 6352877,529
6352877,529 sen 259 17' 44,045' ' 6383999,242 cos 259 17' 44,045' '
2
R 6382920,455m
Dh
hm
4171,185m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
10659,496 4171,185
6,966m
R
6382920.455
Cc
Dnmm 3
10652,530 3
0,001m
24 R 2
24 6382920,455 2
2
m arc1' '
2 N 1 m arc1' '
6 N arc1' '
1 m It
I
II
III
eracin 1
m1 66 31 30' 29,681' '
S 10652,531m
m1
N1
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
I 1
II 1
sen 2 m1
sen m1
2
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6378160
6352877,529m
6383999,242m
S cos 6665
10652,531 cos 259 17' 44,045' '
64,24199637' '
m1 arc1' '
6352877,529 4,848136811 10 -6
S 2 sen 2 66 65 tang m1 10652,5312 sen 259 17' 44,045' ' 2 tang 31 30' 29,681' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6383999,242 6352877,529 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1 0,1708962931' '
III 1
10652,5313 sen 259 17' 44,045' ' cos 259 17' 44,045' ' 1 3 tang 31 30' 29,681' '
6 6383999,242 2 6352877,529 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m2
m2
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen m 2
2
6378160 1 0,006694541855
6352868,637m
N 1 6383999,242m
I 2
II 2
S cos 66 65
10652,531 cos 259 17' 44,045' '
64,24208629' '
m 2 arc1' '
6352868,637 4,848136811 10 -6
S 2 sen 2 66 65 tang m 2 10652,5312 sen 259 17' 44,045' ' 2 tang 31 29' 57,475' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6383999,242 6352868,637 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2 0,170725174' '
III 2
10652,5313 sen 259 17' 44,045' ' cos 259 17' 44,045' ' 1 3 tang 31 29' 57,475' '
6 6383999,242 2 6352868,637 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m3
N2
1 e
' '
a
2
sen 65
2
6378160
6383993.286m
S sen 66 65
10652,531 sen 259 17' 44,045' '
396,5984326' '
N 2 cos final
6383993,286 cos 31 29' 25,268' '
GUA N6 GEODESIA I
PROBLEMA DE INTERSECCIN INVERSA
Este problema tambin denominado como pothenot o problema de la carta, tiene
como finalidad poder dar posicin a un punto en terreno mediante la observacin angular
desde este punto en direccin a vrtices con coordenadas ya establecidas, es necesario
observar tres vrtices o puntos trigonomtricos como mnimo, es aconsejable cuando se va
a ocupar esta solucin para determinar posicin a un punto, observar mas de tres vrtices,
con la finalidad de poder efectuar un control al trabajo realizado.
m1
m2
S
Sa
Sb
En la figura podemos ver que los vrtices A, B y M son puntos trigonomtricos con
coordenadas establecidas, luego la distancia a, b y el ngulo se pueden deducir. Los
ngulos y son medidos en terreno.
Se deber calcular la distancia S y los ngulos x e y, con lo cual se tendr resuelto
el problema y posteriormente se trasladara las posiciones al punto P desde A, B y M.
Solucin:
1) X Y 360
2) X Y 360
3)
S
a
senX
S a
senX sen
sen
S
senY
senX
senY
senX
b sen
9)
senX
b sen
senX
sen X Y ctg Y cos X Y , pero
por lo tanto se tiene que:
senY
a sen
senY
b sen
b sen
1
Sa a
Sb b
,adems
sen m1 sen
sen
sen m2 sen
sen
EJERCICIO
Determinar las coordenadas geogrficas del punto P.
Vrtice
Latitud
Longitud
A
-20 20 41.30 -68 36 3.08
B
-20 22 6.90 -68 44 31.02
M
-20 32 16.93 -68 49 24.87
297
Sb
Sa
A
B
X
Y
S
b
a
m2
m1
B M
20 22' 6,90' '20 32' 16,93' '
1
1
297 297
a 1 e2
1 e
Nm
1 e
sen m
2
a
2
sen m
2
e 2 0,006722670022
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6343317,562m
6381007,662m
1
' 'arc1' ' 2
2
24
24
S1 sen 8517,449608
2
2
2
2
2
2
24 N m
24 6381007,662 2
S 2 cos 18760,40662
2
24
2
tang 1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
24 N m
Si S1 S 2 ; se tiene :
1
8417,449608
tang
0,4540119934
2
18760
,40662
S2
8517,449608
1
sen
2
18760,40662
1
cos
2
8517,449608
S1 20603,39m
S 2 20603,39m
A M
20 20' 41,30' '20 32' 16,93' '
e 2 f f
2
1
1
2
297 297
e 2 0,006722670022
a 1 e2
1 e
Nm
1 e
sen m
2
a
2
sen 2 m
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6343308,866m
6381004,746m
1
' 'arc1' ' 2
2
24
24
S1 sen 23242,22369
2
2
2
2
2
2
24 N m
24 6381004,746 2
S 2 cos 21392,81842
2
'
'
cos
S1 sen
m
m 1
24
1
2
tang
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
24 N m
Si S1 S 2 ; se tiene :
1
23242,22369
tang
1,086449819
2
21392,81842
S2
23242,22369
sen
2
21392,81842
1
cos
2
23242,22369
S1 31588,82m
S 2 31588,82m
MA MB 204 25' 58,37' '227 24' 41,49' ' 22 58' 43,12' '
Por lo tanto:
a 31588,82m
b 20603,39 m
100 35' 20,7' '
22 0' 10,1' '
22 58' 43,12' '
x y 360 x y 360
x y
x y
360 100 35' 20,7' '22 0' 10,1' '22 58' 43,12' '
360 145 34' 13,92' ' x y 214 25' 46,08' '
x y 214 25' 46,08' ' x 214 25' 46,08' ' y 214 25' 46,08' '147 28' 10,08' '
x 66 57' 36' '
a sen x 31588,82 sen 66 57' 36' '
S 29572,65m
sen
sen 100 35' 20,7' '
b sen y
20603,39 sen147 28' 10,08' '
S
S 29572,65m
sen
sen 22 0' 10,1' '
S
Sa 6928,64m
sen
sen 100 35' 20,7' '
b sen m 2
20603,39 sen10 31' 39,82' '
Sb
Sb 10047,92m
sen
sen 22 0' 10,1' '
Sa
2
m arc1' '
2 N1 m arc1' '
1' '
6 N1 m arc
II
III
Iteracin 1
MP MB m2 204 25' 58,37' '10 31' 39,82' ' MP 214 57' 38,19' '
S 29572,65m
m1 M 20 32' 16,93' '
m1
N1
I 1
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen m1
2
a
2
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
S cos MP
29572,65 cos 214 57' 38,19' '
788,0760118' '
m1 arc1' ' 6343379,66 4,848136811 10 -6
6343379,66m
6381028,484m
S 2 sen 2 MP tang m1 29572,65 2 sen 214 57' 38,19' ' 2 tang 20 32' 16,93' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6381028,484 6343379,66 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1 0,2741001549' '
III 1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2
29572,65 3 sen 214 57' 38,19' ' cos 214 57' 38,19' ' 1 3 tang 20 32' 16,93' '
m2
m2
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen m 2
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6343299,452m
N 1 6381028,484m
I 2
II 2
S cos MP
29572,65 cos 214 57' 38,19' '
788,0859767' '
m 2 arc1' ' 6343299,452 4,848136811 10 -6
2
S 2 sen 2 MP tang m 2
29572,62 2 sen 214 57' 38,19' ' tang 20 25' 42,76' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6381028,484 6343299,452 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2 0,2725103574' '
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
29572,62 3 sen 214 57' 38,19' ' cos 214 57' 38,19' ' ' ' 1 3 tang 20 25' 42,76' '
m3
m3
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen 2 m 3
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6343299,45m
N 1 6381028,484m
I 3
II 3
S cos MP
29572,65 cos 214 57' 38,19' '
788,0859769' '
m3 arc1' ' 6343299,45 4,848136811 10 -6
S 2 sen 2 MP tang m 3 29572,62 2 sen 214 57' 38,19' ' 2 tang 20 25' 42,75' '
2 N 1 m 3 arc1' '
2 6381028,484 6343299,45 4,848136811 10 -6
II 3 0,2725103171' '
III 3
29572,62 3 sen 214 57' 38,19' ' cos 214 57' 38,19' ' 1 3 tang 20 25' 42,75' '
6 6381028,484 2 6343299,45 4,848136811 10 -6
2
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
' '
sen P
2
6378388
6380974,812m
S sen MP
29572,65 sen 214 57' 38,19' '
584,1103949 ' ' ' ' ' 584,110 ' ' 0 9' 44,11' '
A M
20 20' 41,30' '20 32' 16,93' '
' 'sen m
801,79' 'sen 20 26' 29,115 ' '
AM MA 180 227 24' 41,49' '180 0 4' 40,03' ' AM 47 20' 1,46' '
AP AM x 47 20' 1,46' '66 57' 36' ' AP 114 17' 37,46' '
Calculo de latitud
2
' '
2
m arc1' '
2 N1 m arc1' '
1' '
6 N1 m arc
I
II
III
Iteracin 1
AP AM x 47 20' 1,46' '66 57' 36' ' AP 114 17' 37,46' '
S a 6928,64m
m1 A 20 20' 41,30' '
m1
N1
I 1
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen m1
2
a
2
sen 2 m1
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6343238,349m
6380981,101m
S a cos AP
6928,64 cos 114 17' 37,46' '
92,69193933' '
m1 arc1' ' 6343238,349 4,848136811 10 -6
S a sen 2 AP tang m1 6928,64 2 sen 114 17' 37,46' ' 2 tang 20 20' 41,30' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6380981,101 6343238,349 4,848136811 10 -6
2
II 1
II 1 0,03767879229' '
III 1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2
6928,64 3 sen 114 17' 37,46' ' cos114 17' 37,46' ' 1 3 tang 20 20' 41,30' '
6 6380981,1012 6343238,349 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m2
m2
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen 2 m 2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6343228,97 m
N 1 6380981,101m
I 2
S a cos AP
6928,64 cos 114 17' 37,46' '
92,69207638' '
m 2 arc1' ' 6343228,97 4,848136811 10 -6
S a sen 2 AP tang m 2 6928,64 2 sen 114 17' 37,46' ' 2 tang 20 19' 54,94' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6380981,101 6343228,97 4,848136811 10 -6
2
II 2
II 2 0,03765287105' '
III 2
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
6928,64 3 sen 114 17' 37,46' ' cos 114 17' 37,46' ' 1 3 tang 20 19' 54,94' '
6 6380981,1012 6343228,97 4,848136811 10 -6
2
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
' '
sen P
2
6378388
6380974,812m
S a sen AP
6928,64 sen 114 17' 37,46' '
217,6808035' ' ' ' ' 217,68' ' 0 3' 37,68' '
B M
20 22' 6,90' '20 32' 16,93' '
' 'sen m
293,85' 'sen 20 27' 11,915' '
BM MB 180 204 25' 58,37' '180 0 1' 42,69' ' BM 24 24' 15,68' '
BP BM 360 y 24 24' 15,68' '360 147 28' 10,08' ' BP 236 56' 5,60' '
Calculo de latitud
2
' '
2
m arc1' '
2 N1 m arc1' '
1' '
6 N1 m arc
I
II
III
Iteracin 1
m1
N1
I 1
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m1
a
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
S b cos BP
10047,92 cos 236 56' 5,60' '
178,2612225' '
m1 arc1' ' 6343255,678 4,848136811 10 -6
6343255,678m
6380986,912m
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6380986,912 6343255,678 4,848136811 10 -6
2
II 1
II 1 0,06707819052' '
III 1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2
10047,92 3 sen 236 56' 5,60' ' cos 236 56' 5,60' ' 1 3 tang 20 22' 6,90' '
m2
m2
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen m 2
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6343237,628m
N 1 6380968,912m
S cos BP
10047,92 cos 236 56' 5,60' '
I 2 b
178,2617297' '
m 2 arc1' ' 6343237,628 4,848136811 10 -6
S b sen 2 BP tang m 2 10047,92 2 sen 236 56' 5,60' ' 2 tang 20 20' 37,74' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6380986,912 6343237,628 4,848136811 10 -6
2
II 2
II 2 0,06698972242' '
III 2
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
10047,92 3 sen 236 56' 5,60' ' cos 236 56' 5,60' ' 1 3 tang 20 20' 37,74' '
6 6380986,912 2 6343237,628 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m3
N2
1 e
' '
sen P
2
6378388
6380974,812m
S b sen BP
10047,92 sen 236 56' 5,60' '
290,2597332' ' ' ' ' 290,26' ' 0 4' 50,26' '
GUA N 7 GEODESIA I
Calcular las coordenadas geograficas y cota del punto C.
Estacin Punto visado Angulo horizontal
A
C
00 00 00
hi = 1,58m
B
299 31 57,50
B
C
00 00 00
hi = 1,56m
A
31 34 4,70
C
A
00 00 00
hi = 1,50m
B
87 57 51,30
297
Solucin:
Dibujo de la poligonal
B 30 27' 2,21' '
B B 70 5' 28,78' '
H B 4503,70m
1,50' '
0,5' '
3
I orden
2' ' n 2' ' 3 3,46' ' ; con " n" numero de estaciones.
El error de cierre angular se encuentra dentro la tolerancia por lo tanto se puede compensar.
A : 60 28' 2,50' '
B : 31 34' 4,70' '
C : 87 57' 51,30' '
179 59' 58,50' '
0,5' '
0,5' '
0,5' '
a b c
2
' '
124,085' '
2
' '
50,495' '
2
e2 2 f f
Nm
1
1
297 297
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
a
2
sen m
2
e 2 0,006722670022
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6351986,349m
6383913,104m
2
24
24
S1 sen 2693,563247
2
2
2
2
2
2
24 N m
24 6383913,104 2
S 2 cos 7642,468628
2
Si S1 S 2 ; se tiene :
'
'
arc
1
'
'
1
'
'
cos
S1 sen
m
m
24
2 tg 1
2
1
m 2 ' 'arc1' ' 2
1
S 2 cos
' ' m cos 1
2
2
2
24 N m
1
2693,563247
tg
0,3524467523
2
7642
,468628
S1
2693,563247
2693,563247
S1 8103,246359m 8103,25m
1
sen19 24' 53,43' '
sen
2
7642,468628
7642,468628
S2
S 2 8103,246924m 8103,25m
1
cos19 24' 53,43' '
cos
2
S 0,000565m
Sup
S
a b c
2
9701,49m
2
9701,49 9701,49 7054,90 9701,49 4244,83 9701,49 8103,25
Sup
Sup 14963975,85m 2
Nm
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen m
sen 2 m
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6351986,349m
2
6378388
6383913,104m
Superficie
14963975,85
0,026
0,026
0,026
180
2
m arc1' '
2 N 1 m arc1' '
1' '
6 N1 m arc
2
' '
Iteracin 1
II
III
AC AB A 199 25' 19,05' '60 28' 3,03' ' AC 259 53' 22,08' '
S AC 4244,83m
m1
N1
I 1
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m1
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352020,111m
6383924,414m
S AC cos AC
4244,83 cos 259 53' 22,08' '
24,19740274' '
m1 arc1' '
6352020,111 4,848136811 10 -6
S
sen 2 AC tg m1 4244,83 2 sen 259 53' 22,08' ' 2 tg 30 31' 10,38' '
AC
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6383924,414 6352020,111 4,848136811 10 -6
2
II 1
II 1 0,02618238529' '
S AC sen 2 AC cos AC 1 3 tg 2 m1
3
III 1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2
4244,833 sen 259 53' 22,08' ' cos 259 53' 22,08' ' 1 3 tg 30 31' 10,38' '
Iteracin 2
m2
A C
30 31' 10,38' '30 30' 46,16' '
a 1 e 2
m2
1 e
sen m 2
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6352016,815m
N 1 6383924,414m
I 2
S AC cos AC
4244,83 cos 259 53' 22,08' '
24,1974153' '
m 2 arc1' '
6352016,815 4,848136811 10 -6
S AC sen 2 AC tg m 2 4244,83 2 sen 259 53' 22,08' ' 2 tg 30 30' 58,27' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6383924,414 6352016,815 4,848136811 10 -6
2
II 2
II 2 0,02617888521' '
S AC sen 2 AC cos AC 1 3 tg 2 m 2
3
III 2
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
4244,833 sen 259 53' 22,08' ' cos 259 53' 22,08' ' 1 3 tg 30 30' 58,27' '
6 6383924,414 2 6352016,815 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m3
A C
30 31' 10,38' '30 30' 46,16' '
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
a
2
sen 2 C
6378388
6383922,206m
S AC sen AC
4244,83 sen 259 53' 22,08' '
156,7247619' ' ' ' ' 156,72' ' 0 2' 36,72' '
0 0' 12,11'
2
' 'sen m
156,72' 'sen 30 30' 46,16' '
CA AC 180 259 53' 22,08' '180 0 1' 19,58' ' CA 79 52' 2,50' '
2
m arc1' '
2 N 1 m arc1' '
6
N
1' '
1
m arc
2
Iteracin 1
II
III
CB CA C 79 52' 2,5' ' 87 57' 51,82' ' CB 167 49' 54,32' '
S CB 7054,90m
m1 C 30 30' 46,10' '
m1
N1
I 1
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m1
a
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352013,519m
6383922,206m
S CB cos CB
7054,90 cos 167 49' 54,32' '
223,9422053' '
m1 arc1' '
6352013,519 4,848136811 10 -6
S CB sen 2 CB tg m1 7054,90 2 sen 167 49' 54,32' ' 2 tg 30 30' 46,16' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6383822,206 6352013,519 4,848136811 10 -6
2
II 1
II 1 0,003314514348' '
S CB sen 2 CB cos CB 1 3 tg 2 m1
3
III 1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2
7054,90 3 sen 167 49' 54,32' ' cos167 49' 54,32' ' 1 3 tg 30 30' 46,16' '
Iteracin 2
m2
m2
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen m 2
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
N 1 6383922,206m
S cos CB
7054,90 cos167 49' 54,32' '
I 2 CB
223,9432793' '
m 2 arc1' '
6351983,056 4,848136811 10 -6
6351983,056m
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6383922,206 6351983,056 4,848136811 10 -6
2
II 2
II 2 0,003310418153' '
S CB sen 2 CB cos CB 1 3 tg 2 m 2
3
III 2
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
7054,90 3 sen 167 49' 54,32' ' cos167 49' 54,32' ' 1 3 tg 30 28' 54,19' '
m3
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
' '
a
2
sen B
2
6378388
6383901,801m
S CB sen CB
7054,90 sen 167 49' 54,32' '
55,73458746' ' ' ' ' 55,73' ' 0 0' 55,73' '
FIJO
CALCULADO
B FIJO
70 5' 28,78' '
B CALCULADO 70 5' 28,78' '
0
Calculo de alturas
A
hi1 1,58m
hi2 1,50m
hb2 2,00m
hb1 2,00m
H A 4462,70m
S 4244,83m
hb2 hi1
S arc1' '
2,00 1,58
hb1 hi2
S arc1' '
4244,83 4,848136811 10 -6
2,00 1,50
4244,83 4,848136811 10 -6
20,41' '
24,30' '
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 4244,83 tg 90 8' 27,30' '89 53' 36,81' ' 9,17 m
2
2
h S tg
Nm
A C
30 30' 58,27' '
2
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352016,815m
6383923,31m
AC AB A 199 25' 19,05' '60 28' 3,03' ' AC 259 53' 22,08' '
Nm m
m sen AC N m cos 2 AC
2
6383923,31 6352016,815
6352016,815 sen 259 53' 22,08' ' 6383923,31 cos 259 53' 22,08' '
2
R 6382935,261m
h
4462,70
A 1 1 1
1,000699161
R
6382935
,261
h
9,17
1
B 1
1,000000718
2 R
2 6382935,261
S2
C 1
12 R 2
4244,83 2
1
12 6382935,2612
1,000000037
hi1 1,50m
hi2 1,56m
hb2 2,00m
hb1 2,00m
H C 4471,88m
S 7054,90m
hb2 hi1
S arc1' '
hb1 hi2
S arc1' '
2,00 1,50
7054,90 4,848136811 10 -6
2,00 1,56
7054,90 4,848136811 10 -6
14,62' '
12,86' '
h S tg
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 7054,90 tg 90 17' 12,66' '89 46' 3,82' ' 31,98m
2
2
Nm
C B
30 30' 46,16' '
2
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352013,519m
6383922,206m
CB CA C 79 52' 2,5' '87 57' 51,82' ' CB 167 49' 54,32' '
Nm m
m sen AC N m cos 2 AC
2
638392,206 6352013,519
6352013,519 sen 167 49' 54,32' ' 6383922,206 cos167 49' 54,32' '
2
R 6353424,433m
h
4471,88
A 1 1 1
1,000703853
R
6353424,433
h
31,96
1
B 1
1,000002515
2 R
2 6353424,433
S2
7054,90 2
1,000000103
C 1
2
2
12
12
6353424
,
433
HB fijo
= 4503,70m
HB calculado = 4503,86m
Error de cierre = -0,16m
Tolerancia para el error de cierre de una nivelacin trigonomtrica.
L DISTANCIA GEODSICA 11299 ,73m 11,29973Km.
I orden
error de cierre
L
0,16
1,415963036 10 5
11299,73
GUA N 8 GEODESIA I
Estacin
Punto
Angulo horizontal
Angulo vertical
Altura de la
Distancia
visado
C
B
00 00 00
37 34 53,10
A
C
B
A
90 41 30,20
------------
seal
1,25m
------------
inclinada
17893,074m
------------
00 00 00
47 48 24,00
-----------89 53 37,00
---------1,34m
---------------------
00 00 00
94 36 42,00
90 13 51,00
90 41 30,20
1,34m
0,00m
14728,70m
------------
Solucin:
Dibujo de la poligonal
B
297
0,9' '
0,3' '
3
I orden
2' ' n 2' ' 3 3,46' ' ; con " n" numero de estaciones.
El error de cierre angular se encuentra dentro la tolerancia por lo tanto se puede compensar.
A : 37 34' 53,10' '
B : 47 48' 24,00' '
C : 94 36' 42,00' '
179 59' 59,10' '
0,3' '
0,3' '
0,3' '
Calculo de h
A
hi1 1,40m
hi 2 1,46m
hb2 1,25m
hb1 0,00m
H A 3958,10m
Di 17893,074m
17893,074 4,848136811 10 -6
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 17893,074 sen 89 26' 59,17' '90 41' 28,47' ' 193,85m
2
2
Por lo tanto h 193,85m H C H A h H C 3764,25m
h Di sen
C
Z 1 90 13' 51,00' '
B
Z 2 89 53' 37,00' '
hi1 1,46m
hi2 1,45m
hb2 1,34 m
hb1 1,34m
H C 3764,25m
Di 14728,20m
14728,20 4,848136811 10 -6
14728,20 4,848136811 10 -6
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 14728,70 sen 89 53' 35,46' '90 13' 49,32' ' 43,34m
2
2
43
,
34
m
H B 3720,91m
Por lo tanto
B
C
h Di sen
HB fijo
= 3720,89m
HB calculado = 3720,91m
Error de cierre = -0,02m
Tolerancia para el error de cierre de una nivelacin trigonomtrica.
L DISTANCIA INCLINADA 32621,774m 32,621774 Km.
I orden
error de cierre
L
0,02
6,130874428 10 7
32621,774
Calculo de la superficie:
hz AC hz CB
A
sen 94 36' 42,30' ' A 131335952,50m 2
2
calculo del exceso esfrico:
B
m A
31 24' 18,985' '
2
a 1 e 2
1 e
Nm
E' '
1 e
sen m
2
sen 2 m
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352895,373m
6384217,62m
Area
131335952,50
0,67' '
N m m arc 1' ' 6384217,62 6352895,373 4,848136811 10 6
EU ' '
0,67' '
0,223' '
3
0,223
0,223
0,223
180
' '
370,665' '
2
' '
143,41' '
2
e2 2 f f
Nm
1
1
297 297
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
sen m
2
e 2 0,006722670022
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6352895,373m
2
6378388
6384217,62m
1
' 'arc1' ' 2
2
24
24
S1 sen 7576,99352
2
2
2
2
2
2
24 N m
2
6352895,373 2 741,33' 'arc1' '
741,33' '6352895,373 cos 0 2' 23,41' ' arc1' ' 1
24 6384217,62 2
S 2 cos 22832,7283
2
Si S1 S 2 ; se tiene :
24
2
tg 1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
24 N m
tg
0,3318479255
2
22832,7283
' 'sen m
286,82' 'sen 31 24' 18,985' '
S2
7576,99352
sen
2
22832,7283
cos
2
7576,99352
S1 24057,11m
S 2 24057,11m
Nm
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m
a
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352998,058m
6384252,017 m
Nm m
m sen AC N m cos 2 AC
2
6384252,017 6352998,058
6352998,058 sen160 47' 51,04' ' 6384252,017 cos160 47' 51,04' '
2
R 6356364,35m
Dh
hm
3861,17 m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
17892,024 3861,17
10,869m
R
6356364,35
Cc
Dnmm 3
117881,155 3
0,006m
24 R 2
24 6356364,35 2
Nm
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
a
2
sen 2 m
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352998,058m
6384252,017 m
CB AC 180 C 160 47' 51,04' '180 94 36' 42,52' ' CB 246 11' 8,52' '
Nm m
m sen CB N m cos 2 CB
2
6384252,017 6352998,058
6352998,058 sen 246 11' 8,52' ' 6384252,017 cos 246 11' 8,52' '
2
R 6379135,622m
Dh
hm
3742,565m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
14728,636 3742,565
8,641m
R
6379135,622
Cc
Dnmm 3
14719,995 3
0,003m
24 R 2
24 6379135,622 2
2
m arc1' '
2 N 1 m arc1' '
arc1' '
6 N
1 m
Iteracin 1
II
III
m1
N1
I 1
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m1
a
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352998,058m
6384252,017m
S cos AC
17881,161 cos 160 47' 51,05' '
548,252557' '
m1 arc1' ' 6352998,058 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1
S 2 sen 2 AC tg m1 17881,1612 sen 160 47' 51,05' ' 2 tg 31 30' 29,65' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6384252,017 6352998,058 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1 0,05391445956' '
III 1
S 3 sen 2 AC cos AC 1 3 tg 2 m1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
17881,1613 sen 160 47' 51,05' ' cos160 47' 51,05' ' 1 3 tg 31 30' 29,65' '
6 6384252,017 2 6352998,058 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m2
Iteracin 2
a 1 e2
m2
1 e 2 sen 2 m 2
N 1 6384252,017m
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6352922,092m
S cos AC
17881,161 cos 160 47' 51,05' '
II 2
S 2 sen 2 AC tg m 2 17881,1612 sen 160 47' 51,05' ' 2 tg 31 25' 55,50' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6384252,017 6352922,092 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2 0,05375440803' '
III 2
S 3 sen 2 AC cos AC 1 3 tg 2 m 2
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
17881,1613 sen 160 47' 51,05' ' cos 160 47' 51,05' ' 1 3 tg 31 25' 55,50' '
m3
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
' '
sen C
2
6378388
6384201,158m
S sen AC
17881,161 sen 160 47' 51,05' '
222,5128601' ' ' ' ' 222,51' ' 0 3' 42,51' '
0 4' 34,155'
2
' 'sen m
222,51' 'sen 31 25' 55,50' '
CA AC 180 160 47' 51,05' '180 0 1' 56,04' ' CA 340 49' 47,09' '
' '
S cos CB
arc1' '
m
2
2 N 1 m arc1' '
arc1' '
6 N
1 m
II
III
Iteracin 1
CB CA C 340 49' 47,09' '94 36' 42,52' ' CB 246 13' 4,57' '
S 14719,998m
m1 C 31 21' 21,34' '
m1
N1
1 e
1 e
a 1 e2
2
sen 2 m1
a
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352846,228m
6384201,158m
S cos CB
14719,998 cos 246 13' 4,57' '
192,7296143' '
m1 arc1' ' 6352846,228 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1
S 2 sen 2 CB tg m1 14719,998 2 sen 246 13' 4,57' ' 2 tg 31 21' 21,34' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6384201,158 6352846,228 4,848136811 10 -6
III 1
S 3 sen 2 CB cos CB 1 3 tg 2 m1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2
14719,998 3 sen 246 13' 4,57' ' cos 246 13' 4,57' ' 1 3 tg 31 21' 21,34' '
Iteracin 2
m2
m2
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen m 2
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6352819,549m
N 1 6384201,158m
S cos CB
14719,998 cos 246 13' 4,57' '
I 2
192,7304237' '
m 2 arc1' ' 6352819,549 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2
S 2 sen 2 CB tg m 2 14719,998 2 sen 246 13' 4,57' ' 2 tg 31 19' 44,835' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6384201,158 6352819,549 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2 0,2808463838' '
S 3 sen 2 CB cos CB 1 3 tg 2 m 2
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
14719,998 3 sen 246 13' 4,57' ' cos 246 13' 4,57' ' 1 3 tg 31 19' 44,835' '
m3
B C
31 18' 8,33' '31 21' 21,34' '
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
' '
a
2
sen 2 B
1
2
6378388
6384183,288m
S sen CB
14719,998 sen 246 13' 4,57' '
509,3413639' ' ' ' ' 509,34' ' 0 8' 29,34' '
2 2
s
N
cos
m arc 1' '
Arco de paralelo = m
Arco de meridiano = m arc 1' '
Error en posicin =
Nm
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352878,987 m
6384212,131m
Arco de paralelo =
N m cos m arc 1' ' 6384212,131 cos 31 23' 19,77' 'arc 1' ' 26,422m
Arco de meridiano = m arc 1' ' 6352878,987 arc 1' ' 30,800m
' 'Arco de meridiano 0,01' '30,800 0,308
' 'Arco de paralelo -0,01' '26,422 0,264
Error lineal = 2 2
0,308 2 0,264 2
0,406m
0,406
Error lineal
0,406
1
0,406
Error de posicin =
s
32601,159 32601,159
80298,42118
0,406
Error en posicin =
2 2
1
; para que el error de posicin se encuentre dentro
s
40.000
de la tolerancia de I orden.
FC
......
Correccin n
correccin n FC S1 S 2 ..... S n
1
2
n
0,01
3,067375611 10 7
32601,159
0,01
FC
3,067375611 10 7
32601,159
FC
CALCULO DEFINITIVO
Calculo del exceso esfrico
A
B
C
m
a 1 e 2
1 e
Nm
E' '
1 e
sen m
2
sen 2 m
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352878,987 m
6384212,131m
Area
131335952,50
0,67' '
N m m arc 1' ' 6384212,131 6352878,987 4,848136811 10 6
EU ' '
0,67' '
0,223' '
3
X ''
Nm
1 e
sen m
2
6378388
6384226,57m
X C ''
X C ''
3764,24 0,006722670022 cos 2 31 21' 21,33' ' cos 160 47' 51,05' 'sen160 47' 51,05' '
6384226,57 1 0,006722670022 4,848136811 10 6
Nm
1 e
a
2
sen 2 m
1
2
6378388
6384217,62m
X B ''
X B ''
3720,89 0,006722670022 cos 2 31 18' 8,32' ' cos 198 22' 29,65' 'sen198 22' 29,65' '
6384217,62 1 0,006722670022 4,848136811 10 6
Nm
1 e
a
2
sen 2 m
6378388
6384192,22m
X B ''
X B ''
3720,89 0,006722670022 cos 2 31 18' 8,32' ' cos 246 13' 4,57' 'sen 246 13' 4,57' '
6384192,22 1 0,006722670022 4,848136811 10 6
Nm
1 e
sen m
2
6378388
6384226,17 m
X A ''
X A ''
3958,10 0,006722670022 cos 2 31 30' 29,65' ' cos 340 49' 47,09' 'sen340 49' 47,09' '
6384226,17 1 0,006722670022 4,848136811 10 6
Nm
1 e
a
2
sen m
2
6378388
6384219,62m
X A ''
X A ''
3958,10 0,006722670022 cos 2 31 30' 29,65' ' cos 18 20' 15,21' 'sen18 20' 15,21' '
6384219,62 1 0,006722670022 4,848136811 10 6
Nm
1 e
sen m
2
6378388
6384192,22m
X C ''
X C ''
3764,24 0,006722670022 cos 2 31 21' 21,33' ' cos 66 8' 39,73' 'sen66 8' 39,73' '
6384192,22 1 0,006722670022 4,848136811 10 6
47 48 24,00 0,222
Angulo ledo
00 00 00
37 34 53,1
00 00 00
47 48 24,00
00 00 00
94 36 42,00
47 48 24,22
47 48 24,03
X
Angulo corregido Angulo reducido
-0,186 359 59 59,81
00 00 00
1,178 37 34 54,28
37 34 54,47
0,188
00 00 0,19
00 00 00
0,222 47 48 24,22
47 48 24,03
0,219
00 00 0,22
00 00 00
-0,195 94 36 41,80
94 36 41,58
0,08' '
0,026' '
3
I orden
2' ' n 2' ' 3 3,46' ' ; con " n" numero de estaciones.
El error de cierre angular se encuentra dentro la tolerancia por lo tanto se puede compensar.
A : 37 34' 54,47 ' '
0,026' '
0,026' '
0,026' '
180
0,67' '
0,223' '
3
0,223
0, 223
0,223
180
hi1 1,40m
hi 2 1,46m
hb2 1,25m
hb1 0,00m
H A 3958,10m
S 17881,161m
hb2 hi1
S arc1' '
hb1 hi2
S arc1' '
1,25 1,40
17881,161 4,848136811 10 -6
0,00 1,46
17881,161 4,848136811 10 -6
1,73' '
16,84' '
1
1
Z 2 c Z 1c 17881,161 tg 89 26' 59,16' '90 41' 28,47' ' 193,73m
2
2
h S tg
Nm
A C
31 25' 55,49' '
2
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
sen 2 m
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352922,089m
6384226,57 m
AC AB A 198 22' 44,67' '37 34' 54,68' ' AC 160 47' 49,99' '
Nm m
m sen AC N m cos 2 AC
2
6384226,57 6352922,089
6352922,089 sen160 47' 49,99' ' 6384226,57 cos 160 47' 49,99' '
2
R 6356293,897 m
h
3958,10
A 1 1 1
1,000622706
R
6356293
,897
h
193,73
1
B 1
1,000015239
2 R
2 6356293,897
S2
C 1
12 R 2
17881,1612
1
12 6356293,987 2
1,000000659
hi1 1,46m
hi2 1,45m
hb2 1,34 m
hb1 1,34m
H C 3764,25m
S 14719,998m
hb2 hi1
S arc1' '
hb1 hi2
S arc1' '
1,34 1,46
14719,998 4,848136811 10 -6
1,34 1,45
14719,998 4,848136811 10 -6
1,68' '
1,54' '
h S tg
Nm
C B
31 19' 44,825' '
2
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen m
2
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352819,546m
6384192,22m
CB CA C 340 49' 47,09' '94 36' 41,77' ' CB 246 13' 5,32' '
R
Nm m
m sen AC N m cos 2 AC
2
6384192,22 6352819,546
6352819,546 sen 246 13' 5,32' ' 6384192,22 cos 246 13' 5,32' '
2
R 6379069,472m
h
3764,25
A 1 1 1
1,000590094
R
6379069,472
h
43,31
1
B 1
1,000003395
6379069
,
472
2
2
S
14719,998
1
1,000000444
C 1
2
2
12 R
12 6379069,472
HB fijo
= 3720,89m
HB calculado = 3720,91m
Error de cierre = -0,02m
Tolerancia para el error de cierre de una nivelacin trigonomtrica.
I orden
error de cierre
L
0,02
6,134751222 10 7
32601,159
a 1 e2
1 e
Nm
1 e
sen 2 m
a
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352922,089m
6384226,57 m
AC AB A 198 22' 44,67' '37 34' 54,68' ' AC 160 47' 49,99' '
R
Nm m
m sen AC N m cos 2 AC
2
6384226,57 6352922,089
6352922,089 sen160 47' 49,99' ' 6384226,57 cos 160 47' 49,99' '
2
R 6356293,897 m
Dh
hm
3861,17 m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
17892,024 3861,17
10,869m
R
6356293,987
Cc
Dnmm 3
117881,155 3
0,006m
24 R 2
24 6356364,35 2
a 1 e2
1 e
Nm
1 e
sen 2 m
a
2
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
CB CA C 340 49' 47,09' '94 36' 41,77' ' CB 246 13' 5,32' '
R
Nm m
m sen AC N m cos 2 AC
2
6384192,22 6352819,546
6352819,546 sen 246 13' 5,32' ' 6384192,22 cos 246 13' 5,32' '
2
R 6379069,472m
Dh
hm
3742,565m
2
2
Cnmm
Dh hm
14728,636 3742,565
8,641m
R
6379069,472
Cc
Dnmm 3
14719,995 3
0,003m
24 R 2
24 6379135,622 2
6352819,546m
6384192,22m
2
m arc1' '
2 N 1 m arc1' '
arc1' '
6 N
1 m
S cos AC
I
II
III
Iteracin 1
m1
N1
I 1
II 1
a 1 e2
1 e
1 e
sen m1
2
a
2
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352998,058m
6384252,017m
S cos AC
17881,161 cos160 47' 49,99' '
548,2515849' '
m1 arc1' ' 6352998,058 4,848136811 10 -6
S 2 sen 2 AC tg m1 17881,1612 sen 160 47' 49,99' ' 2 tg 31 30' 29,65' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6384252,017 6352998,058 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1 0,0539160356' '
III 1
S 3 sen 2 AC cos AC 1 3 tg 2 m1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
17881,1613 sen 160 47' 49,99' ' cos160 47' 49,99' ' 1 3 tg 31 30' 29,65' '
6 6384252,017 2 6352998,058 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m2
a 1 e 2
m2
1 e
sen 2 m 2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6352922,092m
N 1 6384252,017m
S cos AC
17881,161 cos160 47' 49,99' '
548,2581407' '
m 2 arc1' ' 6352922,092 4,848136811 10 -6
I 2
II 2
S 2 sen 2 AC tg m 2 17881,1612 sen 160 47' 49,99' ' 2 tg 31 25' 55,50' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6384252,017 6352922,092 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2 0,0537559794' '
III 2
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
17881,1613 sen 160 47' 49,99' ' cos 160 47' 49,99' ' 1 3 tg 31 25' 55,50' '
6 6384252,017 2 6352922,092 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m3
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
a
2
sen C
2
6378388
6384201,158m
' '
S sen AC
17881,161 sen 160 47' 49,99' '
222,5161433' ' ' ' ' 222,52' ' 0 3' 42,52' '
0 4' 34,155'
2
' 'sen m
222,52' 'sen 31 25' 55,50' '
CA AC 180 160 47' 51,05' '180 0 1' 56,04' ' CA 340 49' 47,09' '
2
m arc1' '
2 N1 m arc1' '
1 m arc1' '
6 N
Iteracin 1
II
III
CB CA C 340 49' 47,09' '94 36' 41,77' ' CB 246 13' 5,32' '
S 14719,998m
m1 C 31 21' 21,34' '
m1
N1
1 e
1 e
I 1
a 1 e2
2
sen 2 m1
a
sen m1
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352846,228m
6384201,158m
S cos CB
14719,998 cos 246 13' 5,32' '
192,7280241' '
m1 arc1' ' 6352846,228 4,848136811 10 -6
II 1
S 2 sen 2 CB tg m1 14719,998 2 sen 246 13' 5,32' ' 2 tg 31 21' 21,34' '
2 N 1 m1 arc1' '
2 6384201,158 6352846,228 4,848136811 10 -6
III 1
S 3 sen 2 CB cos CB 1 3 tg 2 m1
6 N 1 m1 arc1' '
14719,998 3 sen 246 13' 5,32' ' cos 246 13' 5,32' ' 1 3 tg 31 21' 21,34' '
6 6384201,158 2 6352846,228 4,848136811 10 -6
2
Iteracin 2
m2
m2
B C
31 18' 8,33' '31 21' 21,34' '
a 1 e 2
1 e
sen 2 m 2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
N 1 6384201,158m
S cos CB
14719,998 cos 246 13' 5,32' '
I 2
192,7288334' '
m 2 arc1' ' 6352819,551 4,848136811 10 -6
6352819,551m
II 2
S 2 sen 2 CB tg m 2 14719,998 2 sen 246 13' 5,32' ' 2 tg 31 19' 44,84' '
2 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2 6384201,158 6352819,551 4,848136811 10 -6
II 2 0,280847299' '
III 2
S 3 sen 2 CB cos CB 1 3 tg 2 m 2
6 N 1 m 2 arc1' '
2
14719,998 3 sen 246 13' 5,32' ' cos 246 13' 5,32' ' 1 3 tg 31 19' 44,84' '
6 6384201,158 2 6352819,551 4,848136811 10 -6
2
m3
Calculo de longitud
N2
1 e
' '
sen B
2
6378388
6384183,288m
S sen CB
14719,998 sen 246 13' 5,32' '
509,341834' ' ' ' ' 509,34' ' 0 8' 29,34' '
B FIJO
31 18' 8,32' '
B CALCULADO 31 18' 8,33
' ' 0,01' '
B FIJO
70 32' 25,55' '
B CALCULADO 70 32' 25,55' '
' ' 0,00' '
Error en posicin =
A
B
C
m
Nm
a 1 e 2
1 e
1 e
sen 2 m
sen m
2
6378388 1 0,006722670022
6378388
6352878,987 m
6384212,131m
Arco de paralelo =
N m cos m arc 1' ' 6384212,131 cos 31 23' 19,77' 'arc 1' ' 26,422m
Arco de meridiano = m arc 1' ' 6352878,987 arc 1' ' 30,800m
' 'Arco de meridiano 0,01' '30,800 0,308
' 'Arco de paralelo 0,00' '26,422 0,00
Error lineal = 2 2
0,308 2 0 2
0,308m
0,308
Error lineal
0,308
1
0,308
Error de posicin =
s
32601,159 32601,159
105847,9188
0,308
Error en posicin =
2 2
1
; para que el error de posicin se encuentre dentro
s
40.000
de la tolerancia de I orden.
FC
......
Correccin n
correccin n FC S1 S 2 ..... S n
1
2
n
Factor de compensacin; FC
FC
0,01
0,00
3,067375611 10 7 ; FC
0
32601,159
32601,159