ramaz xayapupiZe

Selocva-gamolocvebis aucilebeli pirobebi

okribuli masalebis mixedviT
Selocva-gamolocvebis Sesrulebis tradicia okribaSi arsebiTad erTian saxes
atarebs, zogierTi maTgani dGes kvdomis procesSia, metwilad darGveulia erTiano-
bis procesi Selocvis teqstsa da Sesabamis moqmedebas Soris, da mainc, Cveni azriT,
dGemde SemorCenili Selocva-gamolocvebis TavmoKra da Seswavla rogorc istoriu-
li, ise Tanamedrove aspeqtiT metad saintereso da mniSvnelovani faqtia (i. gagu-
laSvili, 1986, gv. 182).
samecniero literaturaSi gvxvdeba terminebi _ locva, Selocva da gamolocva.
ilia abulaZesTan `Zveli qarTuli enis" leqsikonSi, s.s. orbelianTan da qarTuli
enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi (rvatomeulSi) locva Kvelgan ganmartebulia, rogorc
`vedreba", `TaKvaniscema" _ GvTisadmi; `Selocva" _ niSnavs avadmKofobis gamomwvevi
daavadebis gandevnas, daTrgunvas. aleqsandre xaxanaSvilis azriT: `Selocva aris Zve-
li warmarTuli locva, romliTac mimarTavdnen GvTaebebs wKalobis gamosaTxovrad"
(m. Ciqovani, 1956, gv. 287). m. Ciqovanis ganmartebiT ki `igi sitKvieri formulaa, ro-
melsac samisno daniSnuleba aqvs" (m. Ciqovani, 1956, gv. 289). Selocvis procesis aG-
mniSvneli da misi magiuri bunebis ganmsazGvreli terminia Zveli qarTuli `saxva",
romelsac Tamar oqroSiZem miakvlia bibliis qarTul TargmanSi (a. canava, 1990, gv.
133). rac Seexeba `gamolocvas", igi aris saxeli `gamoulocavs" zmnis moqmedebisa...
`gamolocva" aris safuZveli avsulebis gandevnisa da gankurvnisa.
radgan termin `locvas" religiuri daniSnuleba aqvs, rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT,
igi GvTisadmi mimarTvaa, amave dros qristianuli religia krZalavs `Selocva _
gamolocvebs" da mas magiad miiCnevs, folkloristikaSi `Selocva _ gamolocvebi" ma-
giur poezias ganekuTvneba, aqedan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, rom samecniero literatu-
raSi `Selocva _ gamolocvebis" mniSvnelobiT locva ar unda vixmaroT.
niSandoblivi faqtia, rom dGes okribaSi erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad ganasxvaveben
dalocvas, Selocvas da gamolocvas. dalocvis dros adamiani locavs oJaxs, fuZes,
fuZis angelozs, agreTve vinmes, vTqvaT, nefe-dedofals, iubilars, oJaxis wevrebs. sa-
dGegrZelosac dalocvas uwodebs: `erTi yiqiT mainc dailoceT" _ itKvian. sailus-
traciod mogvKavs magaliTi: maTe GmerTma gadGegrZelos, wlebi GmerTma
gagigrZelos, Jibe mogces fuliT savse, guli JamTelobiTao. saxedaric bevri qKavdes,
movla SegZlebodesao, gagimarJoT, kargad iKaviT Kvelani" (mTqmeli: guguli kublaS-
vili _ bakuraZisa, 70w.).
Selocvisas xdeba avadmKofobis an sxva mtruli Zalebis Sekvra, raTa igi aGar
ganviTardes da gaqres, gauvnebeldes.
gamolocvisas ki gamomlocveli sTxovs avadmKofobas Tu mis gamomwvev GvTaebas
(mag. wminda niani-ujmuris GvTaeba), gamovides adamianis Tu sxva sulieris sxeulidan.
okribelTa rwmeniT, Selocvebi umTavresad sargeblobis momtania, Tumca iseTebi-
caa, romliTac SeiZleba vinme `gaCxibo", `moaJadovo". swored amaze mogviTxrobs Cveni
respodenti elene morCaZe. man Tavis ezoSi naxa Senaloci kvercxi, romelic gaxveuli
iKo TmebSi, eklis baZgaraSi, raGac nayrebSi da es Kvelaferi gakeTebuli iKo im mi-
zniT, rom oJaxi gaTvaluliKo, `mokudianebuliKo~.
Cvens mier mopovebul masalebze dakvirvebiT SeiZleba warmovadginoT Selocva-
gamolocvebis aseTi klasifikacia:
1) samkurnalo xasiaTis;
2) sameurneo, nadirobis, mesaqonleobis da sxva.
Kvela es Selocva-gamolocva SeiZleba Sesruldes: a) xmamaGla; b) CurCuliT; g)
Selocva-gamolocvebs SeiZleba axldes an ar axldes raime aucilebeli piroba.
Selocva-gamolocvebis dros teqstSi arsebuli magiuri sitKvebis gameorebasTan
erTad rig SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia sxvadasxva sagnebis Tanxlebac. sitKva da moqmede-
ba aseT SemTxvevaSi ganuKofelia da erTmaneTis gareSe ar ixmareba. mTqmelTa warmo-
dgeniT, am dros mxolod sitKvieri Selocva an gamolocva Zaladakargulia. magali-
Tad, okribaSi GamiT gareT darCenili saqoneli rom ar Seeyama nadirs, itKodnen `na-
diris piris Sekvris" Selocvas. magaliTad: `ekenia, bekenia, bersa xati svenebia. Gmer-
To, GmerTo, CamoKare xiborkali rkinisa, nadirs kbili Seukari, Caagde zGvas, nu ga-
uxsni kvalsa, nu gauxel Tvalsa, nu gauxsni mxarsa, daifare Cemi saqoneli, Cemi qaT-
mebi uwvavi xorcebis myamelisagan. acilia, macilia, kurdGeli da facilia. Cem qaT-
mebs da Cem saqonels uwvav xorcebis myameli cxra mTas iqeT acilia". am Selocvis
TqmasTan erTad Sekravdnen sakeces (anu maSas, anu astams), makratels, suTs, Cogans,
qvasanaKs da dadebdnen iseT adgilas, rom aravis daenaxa, nadiri ver dainaxavs gareT
darCenil pirutKvso. gamolocvil sagans dadeben umetesad saxlis saxuravze da to-
vebdnen manam, vidre saqonels ar naxavdnen.
maTxoJis masalebis mixedviT SelocvasTan erTad sayiroa TokiT xis Jorkos Se-
kvra, amave dros, rogorc respodentebi amboben, SeiZleba savarcxlis ZafebiT dabor-
kvac. maTi rwmeniT, aseTi moqmedebiT nadirs piri Seekvreboda.
daaxloebiT msgavs masalas vxvdebiT aGmosavleT saqarTveloSic, kerZod, qarTlSi
(masalas vimowmebT giorgi xorguaSvilis `namcvrevidan~). aq Selocvis warmoTqmisas
mlocveli savarcxels da Savtarian danas ZafiT Sekravda da boslis karebSi dadeb-
da. gansxvaveba Cvens mier mopovebul da aGmosavleT saqarTvelos masalebSi ZiriTa-
dad imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Senaloc Sekrul nivTebs okribasa da maTxoJSi farulad
inaxaven, nakleb xelmisawvdom adgilze, qarTlSi ki _ saqonlis sadgomSi. rac Seexeba
samegrelos, aseTi ram iq ar dasturdeba.
SeSinebulis Selocvisas aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens tKviis gadadnoba. es
moqmedeba xdeba rogorc Selocvis Tanadroulad, aseve Selocvis Semdegac. SeSinebu-
lis Selocvis magiur teqstTan erTad sayiroa 9 sazGvris sxvadasxva Gobis Cxiri, 9
wKaros wKali, gasrolili, lulaSi gavlili tKvia da 9 gvaris qali. aqedan erTi Zi-
riTadi Semlocvelia, 8 danarCeni _ TanaSemlocveli. daawvenen avadmKofs, dadeben
makratels, kviristavs TefSze da daadeben gulze. daasxamen am cxra wKaros wKals da
Caasxamen Sig aduGebul tKvias da es tKvia miemsgavseba mas, risi an visi SeSinebulia
es avadmKofi da Semdeg ulocaven masze da es gadadnobili tKvia unda Seibas avad-
mKofma cxra dGes mainc, imitom,rom cxra gvaris qalis nalocia. paralelurad mimdi-
nareobs SeSinebulis Selocva: `gulo, Sina-Sina, gulo, ram SegaSina, gulo, CaJeq Se-
nsa budesa, fero, modi ferTan, sisxlo, modi sisxlTan, gulo, modi gulTan, CaJe Se-
nsa budesa, sadac dabadebis dGes Kofilxar, mososmandi, moxoxmandi, CaJeqi Sensa bu-
desa, gulo, Ceicine, gulo, Ceixalise, gulo Ceixarxare, sadac dabadebis dGes Ko-
filxar, mososmandi, moxoxmandi da CaJeq Sensa budesa. qori iJda qandarasa, dedali
sabudarasa, gza nagzeurs, wisqvili nawisqvilebsa, gulo, CaJeq Sensa budesa".
maTxoJis masalebis mixedviT SeSinebulis Selocvisas aucilebelia Savtariani da-
na da naxSiri. Selocvis Semdeg dana TavqveS unda daudo avadmKofs, naxSiri ki
Sublze ise unda wausva, rom SeumCneveli iKos.
samegrelos (martvili, abaSa) momZiebelTa Jgufis masalebSi ki adamians, romelic
SeSinebulia, cxra qals Sealocineben (rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, erTi ZiriTadi Se-
mlocvelia, 8 ki _ TanaSemlocveli); es qalebi sxvadasxva gvarisa unda iKvnen, maTgan
moxdeba marilis Selocva, romelsac Semdeg SeSinebuls saymelze miaKolebineben.
garda amisa, Tuki kaci xidan Camovardeba da SeSinebulia, amoTxrian miwas, dacemis
adgilze, mTqmelTa rwmeniT aucileblad aGmoCndeba naxSiri, romelsac amoiGeben Se-
locvisas, Savtariani daniT CaaTlian yiqa wKalSi da avadmKofs samJer moasmevineben.
aris meore variantic: Tuki kaci kvlav xidan Camovardeba, am adgils Semoxazaven
mrgvalad, sadac pirovneba daeca, aiGeben im miwas da Seulocaven.
aGmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kerZod, qarTlSi Cawerili masalebis mixedviT (vimow-
mebT giorgi xorguaSvilis `namcvrevidan") SeSinebulis Selocvisas iKeneben danas,
naxSirsa da wKals da moqmedeben analogiurad (avadmKofs naxSirs wausvamen, daalevi-
neben naxSirian Senaloc wKals da danas TavqveS amoudeben). rogorc Cans Cvens mier
zemoT moKvanili magaliTebis mixedviT, es xdeba xonSi, quTaissa da samegreloSi.
aGniSnuli Selocvisas, rogorc es ganxilul masalebidan gamoirkva, sakraluri
cifri 9 (9 gvaris qali, 9 wKaros wKali) mxolod okribasa da samegreloSi figuri-
rebs, xolo Savtariani dana da naxSiri Kovelgvari SeSinebulis Selocvis aucile-
bel pirobas warmoadgens saqarTvelos TiTqmis mTel teritoriaze.
okribaSi Cawerili gamolocvebi, msgavsad Selocvebisa, xSir SemTxvevaSi gansxvav-
deba institutis mier sxvadasxva kuTxeSi (xoni, samegrelo) mopovebuli masalisagan
aramarto formiT, aramed Sesrulebis aucilebeli pirobebiT. magaliTad, ujmuris
(mofurCxulis) gamolocva: `saxeli saxeliTa GvTiTa, mamiTa, ZiTa, suliTa da wmindi-
Ta, amin. mofurCxulo dediano, mofurCxulo Sviliano, Tqveni dedani tiris, Tqveni
mamani tiris, sad aris Cveni Svilio, sadaa Cveni Zirio. aq ari lxini-TamaSi, Savgulai
dauklavT, Tav-fexi SeunaxavT, adre mixvalT _ dagixvdebaT, gvian mixvalT _ wagixde-
baT. gamobrZandiT, ujmuro, ugulo, ZvalSi Tu xarT, rbilSi gamodiT, tanSi Tu
xarT, karSi gamodiT, gamoiT da gamoeKareT! wabrZandiT, saidanac mobrZanebulxarT,
iqeT. es adgili qristesia, qristes nawol-nadgomia, Signi xati, gareT Jayvi eSmakebis
Semkrebia. es adamiani midis eklesiaze, ambobda aGsarebas, eSmako, CamomeTxove, ara
var Sensa nebasa, dawoba, daeZineba, cxra xati, cxra angelozi TavqveS daesveneba. iva-
neis naTlulia, naTliGebas damxTuria. qristes zeTiT dabeydili, Jvari swKalobdes
Jvarcmuli, am bavSvs verafers aklebdes macduri. saxeli saxeliTa, GvTiTa, mamiTa,
suliTa da wmindiTa, ujmuro cisao, gaCenilo GvTisao, CamoSordi am adamians, brZa-
neba GvTisao" (kaseta #6, mTqmeli nina lomTaZe _ 1993 w. s. Jonia).
am gamolocvasTan erTad okribaSi gavrcelebulia zeranis, zog SemTxvevaSi, zena-
ris gakeTebac. Cveni respondentis TqmiT: `amisaTvis sayiroa cxra Gobis Cxiri, cxra
wKaros wKali, cxra gvaris qali (erTi ZiriTadi mlocveli, danarCeni ki Tanamloc-
velebi), cxra glexis kakleuloba. am cxra gvaris qalebma Kvelam locva unda ico-
dnen, unda gaitano es Kvelaferi da daKaro gzaJvaredinze. Semobrundebi waGma da
itKvi: saidanac mosuli iKo, iqiT wabrZandi; puris comisagan gaakeTeb sxvadasxva fi-
gurebs da datoveb im adgilas, sadac es Kvelaferi unda datovo. datoveb agreTve am
mlocvelTa mier gabmul Zafebs da nigvzis nayuySi Casxmul Gvinos. unda dailoco,
SesTxovo wminda nianis _ mofurCxvis GvTaebas _ avadmKofis gankurneba, datovo es
Kvelaferi, Semobrunde waGma da wamoxvide". aqve gvinda aGvniSnoT, rom wminda niani,
mofurCxulis GvTaeba, arc dialeqtologiis mier mopovebul masalebSi da arc sxva
saTanado literaturaSi ar Segvxvedria (zeranis Selocva butbutiT xdeba).
mofurCxulis, anu monadebis gamolocvisas, maTxoJis masalebis mixedviT, aucile-
bel pirobas warmoadgens sacriT gamolocva. respodentebis TqmiT, sitKvier gamo-
locvasTan erTad avadmKofis Tavze unda atrialon saceri, romelSic ramdenJerme
unda gaixedos gamomlocvelma. maTi ganmartebiT, rogorc sacerSi gadis xedva iqeT,
ise unda gavides avadmKofoba adamianis sxeulidan.
rac Seexeba qvalonSi dafiqsirebul `monajamas" anu `monadebis", naujmuris gamo-
locvas, aq gamolocvisaTvis sayiro atributebia wKali da Savtariani dana. gamoloc-
vis Semdeg wKals samJer moasmeven avadmKofs, zogi mTqmelis TqmiT sakmarisia mxolod
Savtariani dana, romelsac Jvris formiT gadasaxaven avadmKofs (adamians, pirovnebas)
da Tan butbutiT ulocaven. amisaTvis aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens avadmKofobis
SegrZnebisTanave gamolocva, radgan igi meore dGes aGar gasyris (a. canava, 1990, gv.
144), rac okribasa da maTxoJis masalebSi ar Cans. gvinda aGvniSnoT is garemoebac,
rom termini zerani, igive zenari, rogorc gamolocvisaTvis sayiro Tanmxlebi moqme-
deba, romelic okribaSia gavrcelebuli da gvxvdeba gamocemul folklorul lite-
raturaSic, qvalonisa da maTxoJis Jgufebis masalebSi ar fiqsirdeba.
rac Seexeba aGmosavleT saqarTvelos, aq ujmuris gamolocvisaTvis aucilebeli
pirobebi (Savtariani danis, naxSirisa da wKlis saxiT) Tanxvedria Cvens mier zemoT
ganxiluli samegrelos masalebisa da amasTanave, orivegan aucilebelia locvis but-
butiT warmoTqma. gansxvaveba mdgomareobs mxolod imaSi, rom aGmosavleT saqarTve-
loSi ujmuris gamolocvis dros xSirad mimarTaven perangis dawvasac. gansxvaveba ki-
dev imaSic aris, rom okribul SelocvebSi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben SeSinebulis
Selocvas da ujmuris gamolocvebs, xolo aGmosavleT saqarTvelos (g. xorguaSvili,
1989, gv. 302) masalebis mixedviT ujmuris gamolocva Tavisi pirobebiT hgavs SeSine-
bulis locvas.
ujmuris gamlocvis msgavsad, Sakikis gamolocvis drosac aucilebel pirobas
warmoadgens, xalxis rwmeniT, magiuri daniSnulebis sagnebi, aqve gamoiKeneba samkurna-
lo saSaulebebic (tKlapi, qinZis kakali). teqsti: `Sakiki SemomeCvia saTibis bolosa,
ise syamda qviSasa, rogorc xari Tivasa, gouwKra wminda giorgi, gaipara dilasa".
mTqmel SuSana doGonaZis TqmiT, adamians, romelsac aqvs Sakiki, mtkivneul adgilze
unda daadon gatarebuli tKemlis tKlapi da daCeCqvili qinZis kakali. Semdeg avad-
mKofi unda adges diliT ise, rom aravin iKos danalaparakevi, nigozs zurgiT mieK-
rdnos, unda miartKas samJer Tavi da uTxras: `qoneba mamaCems da mamaSens gauKofeli
darCeniaT da Cemi Tavis tkivili Seno!~
aqve aGvniSnavT, rom Sakikis gamolocvaSi aGmosavleT saqarTveloSic kaklis xe
figurirebs. aq avadmKofis Tavze Semovlebul da gamolocvil Sav Zafs Semoaxveven
kaklis xes da amboben: `vinc dilis mze pirvelad dainaxos, Tavis tkivilic imisa iK-
ves". naTqvamSi igulisxmeba rom avadmKofze adre mzes aucileblad xe dainaxavs da
Tavis tkivilic masze gadavidoda.
maTxoJis masalebis mixedviT, dasvelebul tKlapTan erTad qaGaldze gadawerili
Sakikis gamolocva gadabrunebuli unda daedos avadmKofs Sublze, ase unda hqondes
dGis ganmavlobaSi. am mxriv qarTlSi odnav gansxvavebul variants vxvdebiT, aq mloc-
veli gamolocvisas lurJ qaGaldze an qsovilze avlebs xazebs, romelsac bolos
avadmKofs daakravs Seblze. gansxvavebul masalas gvaZlevs samegrelos momZiebelTa
Jgufi. aq Sakikis gamolocvasTan erTad sayiroa `tomsikaSi~ Cadebuli GerGilis cxe-
li Gomi, romelsac miadeben avadmKofs mtkivneul adgilze.
ganxilulma magaliTebma isic dagvanaxa, rom erTi da imave daavadebis winaaGmdeg
mimarTuli Selocva-gamolocvebis Sesrulebis tradicia araerTgvaria ara marto
sxvadasxva regionul erTeulSi, zogJer erTi regionis farglebSic ki da Tuki mainc
Selocvebis Sesrulebis erTianobaze, mTlianobaze vsaubrobT, es imis gamo, rom sa-
qarTvelos teritoriaze mosaxle Kovel qarTvel tomSi erTi da imave sagnis an mo-
vlenis winaaGmdeg mimarTuli Selocva-gamolocvis dros daculia am Sesrulebis ro-
gorc garegan aqsesuarTa Tanxvedriloba, ise Sinagani urTieTrkavSiri Kvela ZiriTa-
di monacemis mixedviT (i. gagulaSvili, 1986, gv. 228).
qarTuli Selocva-gamolocvebis swori Sefaseba rogorc istoriuli, ise Tanamed-
rove aspeqtiT friad aqtualuri sakiTxia.

damowmebuli literatura
i. g a g u l a S v i l i , 1986 _ i. gagulaSvili, qarTuli magiuri poezia Tb., 1986.
m. C i q o v a n i , 1956 _ m. Ciqovani, qarTuli xalxuri sitKvierebis istoria, Tb.,
1956.
a. c a n a v a , 1990 _ a. canava, qarTuli folkloris sakiTxebi, Tb., 1990.
g. x o r g u a S v i l i , 1989 _ g. xorguaSvili, namcvrevi, Tb., 1989.

R. Khachapuridze

Necessary Conditions for Casting and Removing Spells

According to Okriba Materials

Summary

Some incantations connected with treatment, farming, hunting, cattle-growing are recurrent in
Okriba. The process of these incantations necessarily includes the objects of magic destination, herbs.
These data have been compared with the materials collected in other regions by the Dialectology
Institute.