Frankenstein o el moderno Prometeo
Por Mary Shelley
4/5
()
Información de este libro electrónico
Mary Shelley (1797 - 1851), fue una narradora, dramaturga, ensayista, filósofa y biógrafa británica, reconocida sobre todo por ser la autora de la novela gótica Frankenstein o el Moderno Prometeo.
Mary Shelley
Mary Shelley (1797-1851) es una de las escritoras más importantes e influyentes de las letras británicas del siglo XIX. Su poderosa imaginación y su inagotable sed de concimiento le llevaron a concebir Frankenstein, una de las novelas más leídas y estudiadas desde su publicación. Además escribió otras novelas, como El último hombre o Perkin Warbeck, y un buen número de relatos.
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Comentarios para Frankenstein o el moderno Prometeo
9,503 clasificaciones333 comentarios
- Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
Why did I wait so long to read this? An excellent novel and highly recommended. Wonderful. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 10, 2019
Reason for Reading: I intend to read the upcoming non-fiction title "The Lady and Her Monsters" which is about the writing and background of the creation of the novel "Frankenstein" so I thought it would be best if I re-read the book to better appreciate the former.I am a huge Frankenstein fan! I first watched the Boris Karloff movie as a young child and have since seen it dozens of times. I've seen all the MGM sequels and have a deluxe DVD edition with commentaries, etc. I've also seen many, many different remakes, pastiches and parodies of the movie as well as reading Frankenstein themed retellings, comics and pastiches. I have read this, the original book, once before when I was quite young. It was one of the first books I took out of the library when I obtained an adult library card with special permission of my father at 12 or 13. (You had to be 14, or in highschool, to get one at the time). Needless to say at this point in time 30 years later, the movie version, specifically the James Whale (Boris Karloff) version is the one that I think of when I think of the Frankenstein story.When I went into reading this book I knew that it was a totally different story than what my mind recalls from the movies but I also remembered that it started in the Arctic with the monster relating his story to Frankenstein. So from this I was totally blown away with how incredibly different the actual story is to the conceived modern notion of the tale. The book is told in narrative form from three different points of view and is a story within a story within a story. Starting off with a mariner writing home letters to his sister as he starts an Arctic expedition and then becomes stuck in ice he recounts his tale and his meeting of Victor Frankenstein who stumbles upon them near death in his mad chase of his creature. Then Walton, the mariner, recounts the tale that Frankenstein relates to him of his life. The awful, hideous story of his wretched life. Halfway through this recounting Frankenstein stops to relate the story the creature pauses to tell him of his life story since he woke from the "spark of life" and wandered into the world on his own. Then it goes back to Frankenstein's narrative and finally ends again with Walton's letters. This way we get both Frankenstein and the creature's tales from their own mouths, in their own words as they were related to the person they spoke to. Neither Frankenstein or the creature are sympathetic which I found surprising, as in the movie I am deeply sympathetic to Karloff's monster. But in the novel, he is a vile, wicked, murdering beast who at first thinks he has human compassion but quickly is turned from having any and easily finds violence and revenge better to his suiting when he is not treated fairly by others. Frankenstein himself is simply mad, the quintessential mad scientist. Obsessed with his creation he thinks of nothing else, working in solitude day and night until he completes his reanimation of life. Upon first glimpse of this "life" he is so horrified that he runs from it and from this point on he becomes obsessed with finding it and destroying it, however the monster has developed his own lust for destroying Frankenstein and sets out to destroy him also, not bodily but in mind and soul by killing all who mean anything to him.A frightening tale that shows the futility and madness at playing God with science, even though the book mentions very little about religion. This edition I read from "The Whole Story" edition is a wonderful annotated edition which really brings the classics to life. The annotations don't particularly help explain the story any better, though there are some pictures and definitions of some items and devices one may not be familiar with. The main purpose of these annotations is to set one geographically and historically within the place and era that the book was written. Profusely illustrated with etchings and paintings of place names mentioned in the story one becomes immersed in the scenery and in this book particularly the Gothic feel comes to life. Historically we see the prisons of the time period, meet the Romantic poets and artists who shaped the life of the author and the mood which carried over into this novel. I really enjoy and recommend this edition, have several others in the series and would pick up any others I found, but unfortunately they are out of print at this time. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 10, 2019
If you haven't read this book, you should! Movies about the Frankenstein monster don't do him justice. When you read this book you will definitely understand a lot of the monster's actions and sympathize with him. - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
Knowing the real story of the writer, Mary Shelley, you can relate to the dilemma of whether to bring back a loved one back from the dead or not. The consequences of knowing it may not be someone you recognize. - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
This is a great version of the classic. It is so much better written than the classic Dracula. Victor Frankenstein creates a hideous being from corpses. This monster, after failing to receive acceptance because of his appearance, kills those beloved by its creator. His demand is that Frankenstein build a mate for him. Frankenstein refuses and the monster then destroys everything the Dr. loves. He also destroys Frankenstein’s sanity. It’s obvious that the author was well-educated because her choice of words was superior to most other writers that one reads. - Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas2/5
Oct 10, 2019
I didn't finish this story, perhaps because I'd tired of Victorian/Gothic fiction by the time I'd started reading this novel. Perhaps, it was because I hadn't expected a frame story about how the hedonistic Dr. Frankenstein created a person on whim, abandoned him, and refused to take responsibility even as his creation showed an infantile inability to move on from his traumatic rebirth without guidance.
Half-way through the story, I was rooting for someone to shove the doctor off a cliff and help Frankenstein's monster to become a self-sufficient man. I doubt the end is that cheerful.
There is a strong possibility that this story can be a trigger from adults who'd suffered neglect and abandonment in childhood. I appreciate that Shelley wrote a story that can elicit strong emotions through its plot, but it was too difficult to continue at times. I felt that too much of the story was told from Dr. Frankenstein's point of view (POV), making the section from the unnamed monster's POV more painful.
One day, I'll try reading all the way through with different expectations. - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
Horribly mistreated by critics and analysts who won't allow the work to stand on it's own and insist on dissecting it until it's beauty can no longer be seen. Beautifully written, certainly a classic, and among my favorite books. But I wish people would stop trying to chop it up. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 10, 2019
This book was not what I expected at all. I have seen various television and movie productions of Frankenstein, and none of them are accurate to the story at all outside of the creation of a "monster" out of dead human parts. The course of the story was very unexpected, and there is not nearly as much sympathy for the monster as I would have expected going into the book. The intellectual side of me very much enjoyed this book as it brings up many good philosophical questions about the meaning of life. It also even has a hint of science fiction in the sense that it looks the question of how would a creature such as this develop into an intelligent being.
I am glad I read this and am surprised that it took me so long to get to it. Recommended for all. - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
This illustrated version enhances the power of Mary Shelley's story as the fragmented features and intermittent color call up both the tragic horror and the pervasive deep sadness.With foreshadowing of lightning and storms, it was surprising that Victor Frankenstein's creationsimply came alive by opening its milky eyes. In this instance, the combination of his awakeningin the movie heightens the strength of the original story. Grateful for both! - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
The book is different from the movie.How often have we heard and said that? In the case of Frankenstein the differences even more difficult than usual. The classic horror movie with Karloff is, oddly, more true to the essential message of the novel than one might expect—although the plot details are way off.We start with a framing device: Frankenstein has been rescued by a ship’s captain from the frozen waters of the far north. He (Frankenstein) tells his awful (in all senses of the word) tale. Frankenstein’s unhealthy curiosity and hubris lead him to create a “man.” This well-meaning, if bizarre, experiment doesn’t go well. Horror, murder, and mayhem ensue.But this isn’t just a Gothic romance designed to thrill the heart of the innocent reader. Instead it’s a study of what happens to a creature who is feared, hated, and rejected by everyone, including his creator. The reader soon realizes that if the Creature had been afforded even a modicum of compassion and understanding none of the evil would have ensued. This idea is well-realized in the movie from the 1930’s.Frankenstein is often read as a study in hubris and pride; the doctor is seen as impious at best and Saranic at worst. None of this is supported by the text.The book retains its suspense and compulsion to keep turning the pages even on a third or fourth reading. An excellent moral tale, couched in enough melodrama to please any lover of sensational fiction. There’s nothing prurient or gross to keep it from young or sensitive readers. Highly recommended. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 10, 2019
Not the story you'd expect from the late-night "creature features. With the power of myth, Shelley tells the story of Dr. Frankenstein, the life he creates, and the lives he destroys. Makes me wonder about her other novels and what themes she tackled...Seeming only to gain in relevancy to the human condition with each passing year, this story will be with us for a long time. - Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas3/5
Oct 10, 2019
An interesting, well written, and entertaining story. The story has some fatal flaws that render it less than it could have been. It is just unreasonable that Victor would not forsee the creature's desire to kill his wife. There is no attempt to explain how the creature obtains giant stature. The creature's explanation of his increase in knowledge is too fast and illogical. Alternatively, a brain from a dead person would perhaps retain some knowledge from it's prior life. This appears not to be the case. I also find it unlikely that the creature would commit suicide based on the described personality traits. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 10, 2019
When I first read Frankenstein as a teenager I found it incredibly boring. But, thankfully I decided to re-read it after having found this edition and could not put it down. Great story, in a way timeless. I will seek out the "uncensored" 1818 version and compare. Fully worth the time it took to read. - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
I thought I had read this years ago, probably as a teenager. If so, I had apparently lost all memory of it, as my memories appear to have been of the events as depicted in the old flickering black and white films. The book itself is wonderful, the narrative lines complex, the prose dark and brooding. Lots of very modern themes here--fear of what technology can bring, the need for responsible science, prejudice and fear of the unknown. But also very character driven--even though Frankenstein's "monster" does horrific things, we sympathize with his plight. Highly recommended.4 1/2 stars - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
Nearly 200 years ago, Mary Shelley described how Victor Frankenstein achieved the seemingly impossible in creating life and how afterwards both he and his creation hurtled into a downward spiral. “Frankenstein” was the first piece of literature that would later become part of the science fiction genre through its protagonist’s use of science, but it is also the ethical and moral issues in the said use as well.The central moment story is well-known thanks to films and other popular adaptations, though the details are different. Victor Frankenstein, the supreme student of science, forms a creature over two years through obsessive work but only upon bringing it to life does he realize how monstrous he has formed it. The shock of his actions cause his health to fail him and he never truly recovers as his creation ever continues to plague both his mental and physical health until he dies of exhaustion. Yet, Frankenstein’s creature is equal shocked, first at his own existence and then with the realization that he is not human and monstrously so.The unnamed creature’s struggle towards humanity, achieving language and in-depth thought, is rendered in the end useless without the added element of social involvement with a humanity that shuns him including his own creator. Without the connection to humanity, the creature turns against it and begins taking his revenge the members of the human race most treasured by his creature. After Frankenstein’s rejection to give his creature a female counterpart to share his life, the creature deprives his creator of his new wife. Yet after the death of his creator, the creature seems to realize how human he had become with his utter disregard for life that many real people achieve on their own.While the book is from a different time and standard of literature that make it strange when compared to current books, “Frankenstein” has an element that keeps it as relevant today as it did back when Mary Shelley wrote it. The ethical and moral dilemmas that not only science but everyday life presents to us can take us down many different paths that include the flawed creator or a monster amongst them. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 10, 2019
Written with just as much melodrama as you'll see in every film adaptation, Shelly's novel is nonetheless still quite powerful. Frankenstein still allows parallels to be drawn with our times despite being originally published nearly 200 years ago. For all its symbolism it remains a very human story. - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 10, 2019
Deeper and darker than I would ever have imagined. A case study in misery. I'm a sucker for any book that leads me to the Arctic. - Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas3/5
Oct 10, 2019
Too much romanticism. And I think the pressure to look at the creature sympathetically pissed me off more than it should. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 10, 2019
In a surprising fit of diligence, I decided to read the novel Frankenstein before reading and reviewing the graphic novel for the LT Early Reviewers.And “frankly,” what struck me the most was the language Shelley used. I’ve read a fair number of authors who were working in the mid to late 1800s, and rarely did I find the style and state of the English language to be as obtrusive as they were in Frankenstein, which was published in 1818.This isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but, for me, it did put an extra barrier between myself and the text, making the reading experience a little less natural feeling. An example of what I mean is the following passage, describing Frankenstein’s feelings of disappointment after bringing the monster to life.“Thus not the tenderness of friendship, nor the beauty of earth, nor of heaven, could redeem my soul from woe: the very accents of love were ineffectual. I was encompassed by a cloud which no beneficial influence could penetrate. The wounded deer dragging its fainting limbs to some untrodden brake, there to gaze upon the arrow which had pierced it, and to die--was but a type of me.”I also have to wonder if the nearly 200 years between Shelley’s writing and my reading affect what I thought of some of the wilder aspects of the plot. And I don’t only mean those having to do with the monster. But I’ll get back to that.Anyway, the basic outline of the book is that Victor Frankenstein, from a noble Genevan family, discovers how to bring the spark of life to the dead and goes about putting together and animating the “monster” from body parts harvested from corpses.But when the monster lives and Frankenstein sees its physical ugliness, he can’t bear it. He essentially turns the monster out. Years pass and the monster becomes acquainted with the ways of mankind: That is, that people will not look beyond his physical appearance to find the humanity that lies inside.So he then tracks down Frankenstein to have his revenge, which involves killing off Frankenstein’s friends and family in a way that is supposed to ultimately force the good doctor to create a female monster, with whom the original will retire the some uncivilized part of the world and leave the rest of mankind alone.Frankenstein eventually gives it a try, but when the time comes to reanimate the female monster, he can’t do it, concerned about playing god and letting loose another daemon the world.The monsters gets his revenge by killing Frankenstein’s wife on his/her wedding day. Frankenstein vows to hunt him down. The books ends w/Frankenstein dying essentially of exhaustion and the creature, upon discovering this, vows to kill himself as well, now that his tormentor/creator, Frankenstein, is also dead.There’s some good philosophical stuff here about technology, its limits and how people treat one another, and that’s what gives the novel its timeless appeal.But, as I mentioned, some of the other plot points deserve a second look. The key example is that Frankenstein’s significant other, Elizabeth, was actually the child of a nobleman and his mistress a German woman, who died when Elizabeth was born. She was then taken in by a peasant family, which was discovered by Frankenstein’s mother and “adopted” as Frankenstein’s cousin/sister. This was when Victor was about five and Elizabeth was younger.The elder Frankensteins’ plan, it becomes clear, was for Victor and Elizabeth to marry. After being raised together as siblings for 15 or so years.This way of treating people as products to be traded and moved about likely informs the way Frankenstein treats the creature as well.And one final thing did strike me as a misstep, plot-wise. The monster tells Frankenstein that he (the monster) plans on getting his revenge by striking at those he (Frankenstein) loves best. But despite this, when the monster says he will get his ultimate revenge on Frankenstein’s wedding night, the doctor thinks the monster means to kill him, not his wife. That just didn’t seem likely to me, even in the context of all the other unlikelinesses.Finally getting to the graphic novel, I have to say this was relatively well done. The illustrator’s take on the monster was new to me, but believable, and the overall level of the graphics throughout was good. Further, it used Shelley’s original text, although I found a passage that, in the novel, involved Frankenstein narrating to himself a bit of action that became, in the graphic novel, a quote in the mouth of someone else.But all in all, the graphic novel stripped out some of the more purple prose, allowing a modern reader to focus on the essential points of the original. And that does bring up a point in which some readers will be interested: The company behind the graphic novel explicitly positions the book as a way to get today’s younger (high school-ish) readers interested in some of the classics. The company even advertises versions of the graphic novel that have been translated into modern English and, beyond this, further specially edited into some sort of even easier to read “QuickText.”In the end, I recommend both the original novel and the original text graphic novel, but with the caveat that the former requires a bit more effort and the latter loses just a bit of the nuances of the story. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 10, 2019
The summer of 1816 was named the “Year Without a Summer” after the eruption of Mount Tambora caused a long and dreary Volcanic Winter. With everyone keeping to the indoors, Mary, her future husband Percy Shelley, Lord Byron and John Polidori all entertained themselves by telling ghost stories and then inevitably it was suggested they each come up with their own type of horror story. It was during this very summer that Mary Shelley, at the age of eighteen, came up with the initial concept of Frankenstein.‘After days and night of incredible labour and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life; nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter.’Frankenstein is the story of Victor Frankenstein, a man that through experiementation in both science and alchemy devised a way to combine pieces of human corpses and give them new life. Frankenstein is a legendary story and has become a pivotal part of our cultural understanding of the supernatural world, however, the novel is actually nothing like the classic movies involving lightning, screaming and Frankenstein actually being excited at his accomplishments.His shock and awe quickly transforms into a horrific realization at what he was capable of and he ran away in terror, leaving the monster alone. We’re told Frankenstein’s story first and the steps that led to the monsters creation and the subsequent events as well. Frankenstein depicts him as a monster, thus the reason he is never given an actual name, but when we are finally given the story via the monsters point of view we realize this ‘monster’ is quite possibly anything but. His is a story of complete despondency that easily garners your compassion regardless of the pain and suffering he has wreaked. He may be a creation but is he still not a person? Is his creators ensuing abandonment to blame for his conduct because Frankenstein had a duty beyond just his creation? I believe it is. Without his creator there to teach him the ways of the world, he was forced to observe, learn and interpret on his own. So then it was his observances of society what transformed him into who he came to be? A matter of circumstance? He became an outcast of society because of his appearance and after a time became lonely and craved a companion. He sought out his creator so as to force him to duplicate his work.This is my first read of the classic and I must say it’s nothing like I was expecting. It ended up being a strange and eclectic blend of genres. It was science fiction, with the creation of a man from pieces of corpses, and it was gothic and horror, the dead coming back to life and wreaking havoc on the world. Neither of those were the sole purpose or point of this story; it only set the scene. At the heart of this story are the revolutionary and intellectual questions about life, death and existence. About scientific possibilities and how far is too far. And it’s about compassion and lack of it in this world. Was Frankenstein’s monster truly an outcast only because of his appearance, because initially he showed the utmost caring towards individuals and even saved a drowning girl at one point. Society saw the monster and judged him harshly based off that alone, never giving him the benefit of the doubt. It’s a fictional accounting of a harsh world but it’s a rather truthful and distressing accounting. This is Gothic literature at its very finest and I’m so glad I finally conquered this incredible piece of work.‘Once I falsely hoped to meet with beings who, pardoning my outward form, would love me for the excellent qualities which I was capable of unfolding. I was nourished with high thoughts of honour and devotion. But now crime has degraded me beneath the meanest animal. No guilt, no mischief, no malignity, no misery, can be found comparable to mine. When I run over the frightful catalogue of my sins, I cannot believe that I am the same creature whose thoughts were once filled with sublime transcendent visions of the beauty and the majesty of goodness.’ - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
May 17, 2020
This is a great version of the classic. It is so much better written than the classic Dracula. Victor Frankenstein creates a hideous being from corpses. This monster, after failing to receive acceptance because of his appearance, kills those beloved by its creator. His demand is that Frankenstein build a mate for him. Frankenstein refuses and the monster then destroys everything the Dr. loves. He also destroys Frankenstein’s sanity. It’s obvious that the author was well-educated because her choice of words was superior to most other writers that one reads. - Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas3/5
Nov 17, 2024
This LATW production benefitted immensely by Stacy Keach's gravely reading of the monster. It refrained from what many other productions have done in aping the cinematic incarnations of an ill spoken monster and a dilemma of science going too far, instead taking from the book the well spoken creation struggling with his own existence, with loneliness and rejection, and a creator who turns against him. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Nov 21, 2024
With so many popular take-offs of the Frankenstein story floating around, the original tale turned out to be different than I expected. Mary Shelley does an excellent job of communicating the shifting emotions of characters; coloring their horrors and delights in great detail. I was taken off-guard by the intelligent communication of the monster, how quickly it seemed he educated himself in the ways of humanity through observation. The story was a mixture of dreadful events and hopeful dreams and gestures of both hate and love--all ultimately shattered by a self-made monster. After such a prolonged chase, the ending seemed abrupt for my taste. However, I find this abrupt closure to be common among many older fairytales. Overall, I enjoyed the book very much. - Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas3/5
Oct 10, 2019
I really didn't think much of this the first time, but I think that's partly due to the way culture prepares us for the figure of Frankenstein's monster. He's taken hold of the imagination almost as much as Dracula, but while the two stories share elements of the gothic, and form some basis for the horror genre, I think Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is quite different. It's a work often full of the poetry of the landscape, of nature, and the central questions are philosophical ones. There is no question in the reader's mind about Dracula's monstrosity; but Frankenstein's monster, on the other hand...I'm still not an immense fan of this, but I definitely appreciated it more this time. Considering Mary Shelley's mother, you'd have expected more significant female roles in this, but they're all the ministering angel type. It's interesting to think about why that should be, and if that in itself is actually significant to the story. What could have happened, if Victor had treated Elizabeth as an equal and told her the full story? Perhaps she could find a way to deal with the monster, or find it in her heart to befriend him...I think I know what my essay (for my Coursera SF/F class) will be about, at least. There are so many parallels with Biblical stories, with Milton's Paradise Lost; I think I've noticed one people talk less about. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Oct 18, 2024
“While I watched the storm, so beautiful yet terrific, I wandered on with a hasty step. This noble war in the sky elevated my spirits.”
I have remembered that use of the word 'terrific' for almost a half century. I wish it weren't archaic. - Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas5/5
Oct 24, 2024
I was bound to like this book, really. I've always been engaged with concerns of scientific overreach and the dark side of ambition. That said, I don't usually like a book with such a clear message to convey. But Shelley did a fine job making this into a real page-turner. It's not that the outcome is such a mystery, I suppose. But it's well written, and the arcs of the characters themselves are enough to propel it forward. There are some dry spots with a bit more exposition than necessary (Frankenstein's chronicle of his developing interest in science, for example, or the monster's recounting of his time at the DeLacey cottage), but even these were largely mitigated by Shelley's skillful writing. I have to note, also, that this is the best use of the bookend device I've probably ever seen. Perhaps that's because it's not truly a bookend--Walton actually enters Frankenstein's story before it's finished, and he becomes a significant factor in its completion. Or perhaps it's because of the way our narrator's ambition parallels Frankenstein's own. But it works nicely here, and ties the story up perfectly at the end.
The greatest testament to the novel's genius is probably that, almost two centuries later, it's at least as thought-provoking and relevant as it could have been when it was written. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Apr 18, 2024
Contrary to popular belief, Frankenstein is not a book about a savage monster created by a crazed scientist who escapes to wreak havoc on unsuspecting nobodies. If anybody is the monster here, it's Victor Frankenstein himself, who has been given the power of a god to create a life, but doesn't consider the psychological flaws in the experiment. I see Frankenstein as more of a social novel than a horror novel in this respect. Shelley wants for the reader to sympathize with the Creature, not to condemn him like the cottagers do, who do so just because he's different. Frankenstein depicts the anti-Eden of new birth, a lonely soul without a companion, which is why the Creature rebels. The Creature is but a child without maturity or experience, summoned into a world which despises him, so how can we expect him to behave any differently? - Calificación: 1 de 5 estrellas1/5
Dec 11, 2023
When I was in high school, I had a friend who was obsessed with the movie, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Whenever we'd go to his house to hang out, it was pop, snacks, and that movie. Over and over and over again. That's probably why this book has been sitting on my shelf for several years and I've continued to remain uninterested in reading it. However, it's one that I promised myself I'd read this year so I decided to get it over with.
I wish I could say I loved it --- but I didn't. I am glad I read it---but mostly so I can say that I've read it. Ha! Like Orwell's 1984, it's one of those 1001 books I probably could have died without reading.
Book Description: "The story of Victor Frankenstein and his monstrous creation has held readers spellbound ever since it was published two centuries ago. On the surface, it is a novel of tense and steadily mounting horror; but on a more profound level, it offers searching illumination of the human condition in its portrayal of a scientist who oversteps the bounds of conscience and of a monster brought to life in an alien world, ever more desperately attempting to escape the torture of his solitude. A novel of hallucinatory intensity, Frankenstein represents one of the most striking flowerings of the Romantic imagination."
Nah...not really. No horror. Not really profound. No hallucinatory intensity. If by "flowerings of the...imagination" we mean "great imagination---budding writer", then yeah, I'll give you that one. Mary Shelley was barely nineteen years old when she wrote this and, although it was published within months of Frankenstein, this is exactly the kind of gothic nonsense Jane Austen was parodying in Northanger Abbey.
The idea of a scientist pushing the bounds of human convention to create non-human life is brilliant.
The idea of the "monster" developing human abilities and emotions is brilliant.
The way Shelley made it all happen? Not so brilliant.
I was left with way too many questions on this one. How did the monster learn all he did in just a few months of spying on his neighbors? How does he go from inanimate blob to quoting Plutarch and Milton in such a short amount of time? His knowledge is inconsistent. For instance, he knows about the mythical character of Pandemonium but he doesn't know fire will burn him? Shelley wrote this as part of a dare between herself, Lord Byron, her husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and another friend. Throughout the entire book, all I could imagine when the monster was prattling on and on was that Mrs. Shelley was really just wanting to show off all her knowledge to these obnoxious men she was in competition with.
Critics say this is a story of a monster that was more human than his creator. They say Frankenstein drove the monster to his "badness" and that it was all his fault that the monster committed evil acts. That might be the case if Shelley didn't have him rant in endless philosophical orations. She makes the monster appear more intelligent than the scientist. I'm definitely holding the monster accountable for his own actions. He obviously has a conscience. - Calificación: 2 de 5 estrellas2/5
Dec 2, 2023
I am not into science-fiction gothicism/horror stories. The language of the 1800s makes it very hard to interpret and understand. I think it does offer a lot to be learned using literature skills, but I would not recommend this as easy reading to anyone below high school level. I did identify with the monster, and the loneliness he must have felt being created and then forgotten. - Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas4/5
Nov 25, 2023
I enjoyed this. I was surprised at how different it is (particularly the monster) from the representations of the story we see in popular culture. I like the fact that it had no genuine protagonist. The overwritten, floral language was occassionally a bit too much, so I found myself skimming a bit. I thought the interpretation of the story in which the monster is a metaphor for Frankenstein's repressed (homo?)sexuality was pretty overt.
I enjoyed it much more than Dracula.
Vista previa del libro
Frankenstein o el moderno Prometeo - Mary Shelley
VOLUMEN I
Índice
PRÓLOGO
Índice
El suceso en el cual se fundamenta este relato imaginario ha sido considerado por el doctor Darwin y otros fisiólogos alemanes como no del todo imposible. En modo alguno quisiera que se suponga que otorgo el mínimo grado de credibilidad a semejantes fantasías; sin embargo, al tomarlo como base de una obra fruto de la imaginación, no considero haberme limitado simplemente a enlazar, unos con otros, una serie de terrores de índole sobrenatural. El hecho que hace despertar el interés por la historia está exento de las desventajas de un simple relato de fantasmas o encantamientos. Me vino sugerido por la novedad de las situaciones que desarrolla, y, por muy imposible que parezca como hecho físico, ofrece para la imaginación, a la hora de analizar las pasiones humanas, un punto de vista más comprensivo y autorizado que el que puede proporcionar el relato corriente de acontecimientos reales. Así pues, me he esforzado por mantener la veracidad de los elementales principios de la naturaleza humana, a la par que no he sentido escrúpulos a la hora de hacer innovaciones en cuanto a su combinación. La Ilíada, el poema trágico de Grecia; Shakespeare en La tempestad y El sueño de una noche de verano; y sobre todo Milton en El paraíso perdido se ajustan a esta regla. Así pues, el más humilde novelista que intente proporcionar o recibir algún deleite con sus esfuerzos puede, sin presunción, emplear en su narrativa una licencia, o, mejor dicho, una regla, de cuya adopción tantas exquisitas combinaciones de sentimientos humanos han dado como fruto los mejores ejemplos de poesía.
La circunstancia en la cual se basa mi relato me fue sugerida en una conversación trivial. Lo comencé en parte como diversión y en parte como pretexto para ejercitar cualquier recurso de mi mente que aún tuviera intacto. A medida que avanzaba la obra, otros motivos se fueron añadiendo a éstos. En modo alguno me siento indiferente ante cómo puedan afectar al lector los principios morales que existan en los sentimientos o caracteres que contiene la obra. Sin embargo, mi principal preocupación en este punto se ha centrado en la eliminación de los efectos enervantes de las novelas de hoy en día, y en exponer la bondad del amor familiar, así como la excelencia de la virtud universal. Las opiniones que lógicamente surgen del carácter y situación del héroe en modo alguno deben considerarse siempre como convicciones mías; ni se debe extraer de las páginas que siguen conclusión alguna que prejuicie ninguna doctrina filosófica del tipo que fuera.
Es además de gran interés para la autora el hecho de que esta historia se comenzara en la majestuosa región donde se desarrolla la obra principalmente, y rodeada de personas cuya ausencia no cesa de lamentar. Pasé el verano de 1816 en los alrededores de Ginebra. La temporada era fría y lluviosa, y por las noches nos agrupábamos en torno a la chimenea. Ocasionalmente nos divertíamos con historias alemanas de fantasmas, que casualmente caían en nuestras manos. Aquellas narraciones despertaron en nosotros un deseo juguetón de emularlos. Otros dos amigos (cualquier relato de la pluma de uno de ellos resultaría bastante más grato para el lector que nada de lo que yo jamás pueda aspirar a crear) y yo nos comprometimos a escribir un cuento cada uno, basado en algún acontecimiento sobrenatural.
Sin embargo, el tiempo de repente mejoró, y mis dos amigos partieron de viaje hacia los Alpes donde olvidaron, en aquellos magníficos parajes, cualquier recuerdo de sus espectrales visiones. El relato que sigue es el único que se término.
CARTA 1
Índice
A la señora SAVILLE, Inglaterra
San Petersburgo, 11 de diciembre de 17…
Te alegrarás de saber que ningún percance ha acompañado el comienzo de la empresa que tú contemplabas con tan malos presagios. Llegué aquí ayer, y mi primera obligación es tranquilizar a mi querida hermana sobre mi bienestar y comunicarle mi creciente confianza en el éxito de mi empresa.
Me encuentro ya muy al norte de Londres, y andando por las calles de Petersburgo noto en las mejillas una fría brisa norteña que azuza mis nervios y me llena de alegría. ¿Entiendes este sentimiento? Esta brisa, que viene de aquellas regiones hacia las que yo me dirijo, me anticipa sus climas helados. Animado por este viento prometedor, mis esperanzas se hacen más fervientes y reales. Intento en vano convencerme de que el Polo es la morada del hielo y la desolación. Sigo imaginándomelo como la región de la hermosura y el deleite. Allí, Margaret, se ve siempre el sol, su amplio círculo rozando justo el horizonte y difundiendo un perpetuo resplandor. Allí pues con tu permiso, hermana mía, concederé un margen de confíanza a anteriores navegantes, allí, no existen ni la nieve ni el hielo y navegando por un mar sereno se puede arribar a una tierra que supera, en maravillas y hermosura, cualquier región descubierta hasta el momento en el mundo habitado. Puede que sus productos y paisaje no tengan precedente, como sin duda sucede con los fenómenos de los cuerpos celestes de esas soledades inexploradas. ¿Hay algo que pueda sorprender en un país donde la luz es eterna? Puede que allí encuentre la maravillosa fuerza que mueve la brújula; podría incluso llegar a comprobar mil observaciones celestes que requieren sólo este viaje para deshacer para siempre sus aparentes contradicciones. Saciaré mi ardiente curiosidad viendo una parte del mundo jamás hasta ahora visitada y pisaré una tierra donde nunca antes ha dejado su huella el hombre. Estos son mis señuelos, y son suficientes para vencer todo temor al peligro o a la muerte e inducirme a emprender este laborioso viaje con el placer que siente un niño cuando se embarca en un bote con sus compañeros de vacaciones para explorar su río natal. Pero, suponiendo que todas estas conjeturas fueran falsas, no puedes negar el inestimable bien que podré transmitir a toda la humanidad, hasta su última generación, al descubrir, cerca del Polo, una ruta hacia aquellos países a los que actualmente se tarda muchos meses en llegar; o al desvelar el secreto del imán, para lo cual, caso de que esto sea posible, sólo se necesita de una empresa como la mía.
Estos pensamientos han disipado la agitación con la que empecé mi carta y siento arder mi corazón con un entusiasmo que me transporta; nada hay que tranquilice tanto la mente como un propósito claro, una meta en la cual el alma pueda fiar su aliento intelectual. Esta expedición ha sido el sueño predilecto de mis años jóvenes. Apasionadamente he leído los relatos de los diversos viajes que se han hecho con el propósito de llegar al Océano Pacífico Norte a través de los mares que rodean el Polo. Quizá recuerdes que la totalidad de la biblioteca de nuestro buen tío Thomas se reducía a una historia de todos los viajes realizados con fines exploradores. Mi educación estuvo un poco descuidada, pero fui un lector empedernido. Estudiaba estos volúmenes día y noche y, al familiarizarme con ellos, aumentaba el pesar que sentí cuando, de niño, supe que la última voluntad de mi padre en su lecho de muerte prohibía a mi tío que me permitiera seguir la vida de marino.
Aquellas visiones se desvanecieron cuando entré en contacto por primera vez con aquellos poetas cuyos versos llenaron mi alma y la elevaron al cielo. Me convertí en poeta también y viví durante un año en un paraíso de mi propia creación; me imaginé que yo también podría obtener un lugar allí donde se veneran los nombres de Homero y Shakespeare. Tú estás bien al corriente de mi fracaso y de cuán amargo fue para mí este desengaño. Pero justo entonces heredé la fortuna de mi primo, y mis pensamientos retornaron a su antiguo cauce.
Han pasado seis años desde que decidí llevar a cabo la presente empresa. Incluso ahora puedo recordar el momento preciso en el que decidí dedicarme a esta gran labor. Empecé por acostumbrar mi cuerpo a la privación. Acompañé a los balleneros en varias expediciones al mar del Norte y voluntariamente sufrí frío, hambre, sed y sueño. A menudo trabajé más durante el día que cualquier marinero, mientras dedicaba las noches al estudio de las matemáticas, la teoría de la Medicina y aquellas ramas de las ciencias físicas que pensé serían de mayor utilidad práctica para un aventurero del mar. En dos ocasiones me enrolé como segundo de a bordo en un ballenero de Groenlandia y ambas veces salí con éxito. Debo reconocer que me sentí orgulloso cuando el capitán me ofreció el puesto de piloto en el barco y me pidió reiteradamente que me quedara ya que tanto apreciaba mis servicios.
Y ahora, querida Margaret, ¿no merezco llevar a cabo alguna gran empresa? Podía haber pasado mi vida rodeado de lujo y comodidad, pero he preferido la gloria a cualquiera de los placeres que me pudiera proporcionar la riqueza. ¡Si tan sólo una voz, alentadora me respondiera afirmativamente! Mi valor y mi resolución son firmes, pero mis esperanzas fluctúan y mi ánimo se deprime con frecuencia. Estoy a punto de emprender un largo y difícil viaje, cuyas vicisitudes exigirán de mí todo mi valor. Se me pide no sólo que levante el ánimo de otros, sino que conserve mi entereza cuando ellos flaqueen.
Esta es la época más favorable para viajar por Rusia. Vuelan sobre la nieve en sus trineos; el movimiento es agradable y, a mi modo de ver, mucho más cómodo que el de los coches de caballos ingleses. El frío no es extremado, si vas envuelto en pieles, atuendo que yo ya he adoptado. Hay una gran diferencia entre andar por la cubierta y permanecer sentado, inmóvil durante horas, sin hacer el ejercicio que impediría que la sangre se te hiele materialmente en las venas. ¡No tengo la intención de perder la vida en la ruta entre San Petersburgo y Arkángel.
Partiré hacia esta última ciudad dentro de dos o tres semanas, y pienso fletar allí un barco, cosa que me será fácil si le pago el seguro al dueño; también contrataré cuantos marineros considere precisos de entre los que están acostumbrados a ir en balleneros. No pienso navegar hasta el mes de Junio; y en cuanto a mi regreso, querida hermana, ¿cómo responder a esta pregunta? Si tengo éxito, pasarán muchos, muchos meses, incluso años, antes de que tú y yo nos volvamos a encontrar. Si fracaso, me verás o muy pronto, o nunca.
Hasta la vista, mi querida y excelente Margaret. Que el cielo te envíe todas las bendiciones y a mí me proteja para que pueda atestiguarte una y otra vez mi gratitud por todo tu amor y tu bondad.
Tu afectuoso hermano,
ROBERT WALTON.
CARTA 2
Índice
A la señora SAVILLE, Inglaterra
Arkángel, 28 de marzo de 17…
¡Qué despacio pasa aquí el tiempo, rodeado como estoy de nieve y hielo! Sin embargo, he dado ya un segundo paso hacia la realización de mi empresa. He fletado un barco y estoy ocupado en reunir la tripulación; los que ya he contratado parecen hombres en quienes puedo confiar e indudablemente están dotados de invencible valor.
Tengo, empero, un deseo aún por satisfacer y este vacío me acucia ahora de manera terrible. No tengo amigo alguno, Margaret; cuando arda con el entusiasmo del éxito, no habrá nadie que comparta mi alegría; si soy víctima del desaliento, nadie se esforzará por disipar mi desánimo. Podré plasmar mis pensamientos en el papel, cierto, pero es un pobre medio para comunicar los sentimientos. Añoro la compañía de un hombre que pudiera compenetrarse conmigo, cuya mirada respondiera a la mía. Me puedes tachar de romántico, querida hermana, pero echo muy en falta a un amigo. No tengo a nadie cerca que sea tranquilo a la vez que valeroso, culto y capaz, cuyos gustos se parezcan a los míos, que pueda aprobar o corregir mis proyectos. ¡Qué bien enmendaría un amigo así los fallos de tu pobre hermano! Soy demasiado impulsivo en la ejecución y demasiado impaciente con los obstáculos. Pero aún me resulta más nocivo el hecho de haberme autoeducado. Durante los primeros catorce años de mi vida corrí por los campos como un salvaje, y no leí nada salvo los libros de viajes de nuestro tío Thomas. A esa edad empecé a familiarizarme con los renombrados poetas de nuestra patria. Pero no vi la necesidad de aprender otras lenguas que la mía hasta que no estaba en mi poder el sacar los máximos beneficios de esta convicción. Tengo ahora veintiocho años, y en realidad soy más inculto que muchos colegiales de quince. Es cierto que he reflexionado más, y que mis sueños son más ambiciosos y magníficos, pero carecen de equilibrio (como dicen los pintores). Me hace mucha falta un amigo que tuviera el suficiente sentido común como para no despreciarme por romántico y que me estimara lo bastante como para intentar ordenar mi mente.
Bien, son éstas lamentaciones vanas; sé que no encontraré amigo alguno en el vasto océano, ni siquiera aquí, en Arkángel, entre mercaderes y hombres de mar. Sin embargo, incluso en estos rudos corazones laten algunos sentimientos, extraños a la escoria de la naturaleza humana. Mi lugarteniente, por ejemplo, es un hombre de enorme valor e iniciativa, empecinado en su afán de gloria. Es inglés, y, aunque lleno de prejuicios nacionales y profesionales, jamás limados por la educación, retiene algunas de las más preciosas cualidades humanas. Lo conocí a bordo de un ballenero, y, al saber que se encontraba en esta ciudad sin trabajo, no tuve ninguna dificultad para persuadirlo de que me ayudara en mi aventura.
El capitán es una persona de excelente disposición y muy querido en el barco por su amabilidad y flexibilidad en la disciplina. Tanta es la bondad de su naturaleza, que no quiere calar (deporte favorito aquí) casi la única diversión, porque no soporta derramar sangre. Es además de una heroica generosidad. Hace algunos años se enamoró de una joven rusa de familia relativamente acomodada; tras hacerse con una considerable fortuna por la captura de navíos enemigos, el padre de la joven dio su consentimiento al matrimonio. Él vio a su prometida una vez antes de la ceremonia. Bañada en lágrimas, se le arrojó a los pies, y le suplicó la perdonara, a la vez que le confesaba su amor por otro hombre con el cual su padre nunca consentiría que se casara, ya que carecía de fortuna. Mi desprendido amigo tranquilizó a la suplicante muchacha y, en cuanto supo el nombre de su amado, abandonó al instante su galanteo. Había ya comprado con su dinero una granja, en la cual pensaba pasar el resto de su vida, pero se la cedió a su rival, junto con el resto de su fortuna, para que pudiera comprar algunas reses. El mismo solicitó del padre de la joven el consentimiento para la boda, mas el anciano se negó considerándose en deuda de honor con mi amigo, el cual, al ver al padre en actitud tan inflexible, abandonó el país para no regresar hasta saber que su antigua novia se había casado con el hombre a quien amaba. «¡Qué persona tan noble!», exclamarás sin duda, y así es, pero desgraciadamente ha pasado toda su vida a bordo de un barco y apenas tiene idea de algo que no sean las maromas y los obenques.
Mas no pienses que el que me queje un poco, o crea que quizá nunca llegue a conocer el consuelo para mi tristeza, signifique que titubeo en mi decisión. Esta es tan firme como el destino mismo, y mi viaje se ve retrasado tan sólo porque espero un tiempo favorable que me permita zarpar. El invierno ha sido tremendamente duro; pero la primavera promete ser buena e incluso parece que se adelantará, de modo que quizá pueda hacerme a la mar antes de lo previsto. No actuaré con precipitación; me conoces lo suficientemente bien como para fiarte de mi prudencia y moderación cuando tengo confiada la seguridad de otros.
No puedo describirte la emoción que tengo ante la proximidad del comienzo de mi empresa. Es imposible transmitirte una idea de la tremenda emoción, mezcla de agrado y de temor, con la cual me dispongo a partir. Marcho hacia lugares inexplorados, hacia «la región de la brumas la nieve», pero no mataré a ningún albatros, así que no temas por mi suerte.
¿Te encontraré de nuevo, tras cruzar inmensos mares y rodear los cabos de Africa o América?,No me atrevo a esperar tal éxito, y no obstante no puedo soportar la idea del fracaso.
Continúa aprovechando toda oportunidad de escribirme; puede que reciba tus cartas (si bien hay pocas esperanzas) cuando más las necesite para animarme. Te quiero mucho. Recuérdame con afecto si no vuelves a saber de mí.
Tu afectuoso hermano,
ROBERT WALTON
CARTA 3
Índice
A la señora SAVILLE, Inglaterra
7 de julio de 17…
Mi querida hermana:
Te escribo con premura unas líneas para decirte que estoy bien y que mi viaje está muy avanzado. Te llegará esta carta por un buque mercante que regresa a casa desde Arkángel; es más afortunado que yo, que puede que no vea mi patria en muchos años. Sin embargo, estoy animado; mis hombres son valerosos y parecen tener una firme voluntad. No les desaniman ni siquiera las capas de hielo que constantemente flotan a nuestro lado, presagio de los peligros que alberga la región hacia la cual nos dirigimos. Ya hemos alcanzado una latitud muy alta, pero estamos en pleno verano, y, aunque la temperatura es menos alta que en Inglaterra, los vientos del sur, que nos empujan velozmente hacia las costas que ansío ver, traen consigo un alentador grado de calor que no había esperado.
Hasta el momento no nos ha acaecido ningún incidente que merezca la pena contar. Un par de ventiscas fuertes y la ruptura de un mástil son accidentes que navegantes avezados apenas si recordarían. Yo me encontraré satisfecho si nada peor nos acontece durante el viaje.
Adiós, querida Margaret. Estáte tranquila, pues tanto por mi bien como por el tuyo no afrontaré peligros innecesariamente. Permaneceré sereno, perseverante y prudente.
Mis saludos a mis amigos ingleses.
Tuyo afectísimo,
ROBERT WALTON
CARTA 4
Índice
A la señora SAVILLE, Inglaterra
5 de agosto de 17…
Nos ha ocurrido un accidente tan extraño, que no puedo dejar de anotarlo, si bien es muy probable que me veas antes de que estos papeles lleguen a tus manos.
El lunes pasado (31 de julio) nos hallábamos rodeados por el hielo, que cercaba el barco por todos los lados, dejándonos apenas el agua precisa para continuar a flote. Nuestra situación era algo peligrosa, sobre todo porque nos envolvía una espesa niebla. Decidimos, por tanto, permanecer al pairo con la esperanza de que adviniera algún cambio en la atmósfera y el tiempo. Hacia las dos de la tarde, la niebla levantó y observamos, extendiéndose en todas direcciones, inmensas e irregulares capas de hielo que parecían no tener fin. Algunas de mis compañeros lanzaron un gemido, y yo mismo empezaba a intranquilizarme, cuando de pronto una insólita imagen acaparó nuestra atención y distrajo nuestros pensamientos de la situación en la que nos encontrábamos. Como a media milla y en dirección al norte vimos un vehículo de poca altura, sujeto a un trineo y tirado por perros. Un ser de apariencia humana, pero de gigantesca estatura, iba sentado en el trineo y dirigía los perros. Observamos con el catalejo el rápido avance del viajero hasta que se perdió entre los lejanos montículos de hielo.
Esta visión provocó nuestro total asombro. Nos creíamos a muchas millas de cualquier tierra, pero esta aparición parecía demostrar que en realidad no nos encontrábamos tan lejos como suponíamos. Pero, cercados como estábamos por el hielo, era imposible seguir el rastro de aquel hombre al que habíamos observado con la mayor atención.
Unas dos horas después de esto oímos el bramido del mar y antes del anochecer el hielo rompió, liberando nuestro navío. Sin embargo, permanecimos allí hasta la mañana siguiente, temerosos de encontrarnos con esos grandes témpanos sueltos que flotan tras haberse roto el hielo. Aproveché ese tiempo para descansar unas horas.
Por la mañana, en cuanto hubo amanecido, salí a cubierta y me encontré a toda la tripulación hacinada a un lado del navío, aparentemente conversando