Reabsorption


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The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Reabsorption

 

reverse absorption of water and substances dissolved in it from primary urine flowing through the renal tubules; the final urine thus produced is excreted from the body. Among the essential substances that are reabsorbed are many amino acids, vitamins, and most Na+, K+, and Ca2+ions. The reabsorption of some substances varies with their concentration in the blood. For example, glucose is completely reabsorbed if its concentration in plasma is no more than 150–180 mg percent. At high concentrations, some of the glucose enters the urine (glucosuria).

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Mannitol is a nonabsorbable solute that, after being filtered in the glomerulus, acts passively in the nephrons by creating an osmotic gradient along the renal tubule, preventing reabsorption of water.
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Diabetes insipidus is characterized by an impaired renal water reabsorption, leading to polyuria and consequently, polydipsia (Kortenoeven & Fenton).
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"In children with X-linked hypophosphatemia, treatment with burosumab improved renal tubular phosphate reabsorption, serum phosphorus levels, linear growth, and physical function and reduced pain and the severity of rickets," the authors write.
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On one hand, prostaglandins fall leads to the reduction of renal arteries' flow by vasoconstriction, resulting in decreased glomerular filtrate and consequently decreased renal lithium clearance; on the other hand, theories postulate that low levels of prostaglandins can promote a direct rise in sodium and lithium, because lithium's renal reabsorption is similar to sodium's and because of the presence of several nephron proteins that promote both cations cotransportation (1.5-9.11.12.14).
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The tubular function test revealed a normal fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na 0.15%) and uric acid (FE uric acid 8%) and a normal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP 92%), whereas a mild hypercalciuria was noted (calciuria/creatinuria 0.8, normal value for age 0.2).
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The SGLT2 transporter is the main site for glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules (DeFronzo, Davidson & Del Prato (2012).
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According to the company, SGLT-2 inhibitors help patients achieve improved glycemic control by reducing the reabsorption of glucose from the blood and enabling its removal via the urine.
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(5) It also provides a rationale for inhibition of SGLT-2 as a therapeutic approach to control glucose levels in diabetes by suppressing glucose reabsorption and increasing glucosuria.
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On the contrary, amino acid tubular reabsorption is not affected by CF-related comorbidities but may also emerge under aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.
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These findings may be explained by ROS increasing the expression of AQP2 in the collecting duct membrane and increasing water reabsorption, leading to fluid retention.
Fluid Retention Caused by Rosiglitazone Is Related to Increases in AQP2 and [alpha]ENaC Membrane Expression

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