The Clinitest method detects reducing substances in urine by their conversion of cupric sulfate to
cuprous oxide. This produces a color change in the sample, which is read visually against a chart to obtain the concentration of reducing substances present.
The resulting enriched
cuprous oxide ([Cu.sub.2]O)-based organic conversion coating has provided improved physical strength and much greater acid resistance compared to the 100% cupric oxide (CuO) coatings (comprised of dendritic crystals), generated by the older black oxide processes.
It was hypothesized that differing concentration of
cuprous oxide would have differential effects on the condition of the hydrilla.
The red coloration observed with cross-polarized light microscopy is consistent with the properties of
cuprous oxide [Cu.sub.2]O.
Traditional organotin or
cuprous oxide paints used to battle this fouling are effective, but toxic.
Of the concerned photocatalysts,
cuprous oxide ([Cu.sub.2]O), a p-type semiconductor with a small direct band gap (1.9-2.2 eV), has been proved to be the most promising candidate for visible-light-driven photocatalytic decontamination [1-4].
This is traditionally achieved by the addition of
cuprous oxide as a pigment, combined with organic co-biocides, in order to deliver the required biocide activity to fight off the entire span of marine-based biofouling organisms.
The most successful embodiment of this approach is the contact-leaching composition in which the
cuprous oxide level is high and the soluble matrix is toughened with suitable co-resins (flexible, less soluble).
A large number use the inorganic compound
cuprous oxide. Others include teflon, silicone coatings--such as Hempasil X3--polyurethane, and wax coatings that have limited negative impacts on the environment.