Usun


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The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Usun

 

nomadic tribes of Central and Middle Asia. Circa 160 B.C. the Usun migrated from Central Asia to Semirech’e and the Tien-Shan. In the second and first centuries B.C. they were united in a tribal association. The Usun engaged in nomadic livestock raising, especially horse raising; land cultivation and handicrafts were also highly developed among them. The Usun were headed by a gun’mo (chief), whose headquarters was in Chigu, “the City of the Red Valley,” on the southern shore of the lake Issyk-Kul’. After 125 B.C. the Usun concluded an alliance with China against the Hsiung-nu. In 51 B.C, as a result of internecine conflicts, the Usun were divided into a senior, pro-Chinese, and a junior, pro-Hsiung-nu, principality. In 42 B.C. the Hsiung-nu destroyed the Usun headquarters. The Usun are last mentioned in the fifth century A.D.

REFERENCES

Voevodskii, M. V., and M. P. Griaznov. “U-sun’skie mogil’niki na territorii Kirgizskoi SSR.” Vestnik drevnei istorii, 1938, no. 3.
Bernshtam, A. N. “K voprosu ob usunl’//kushan i tokharakh.” Sovetskaia etnografiia, 1947, no. 3.
Zuev, Iu. A. “K etnicheskoi istorii usunei.” Trudy In-ta istorii, arkheologii i etnografii AN Kazakhskoi SSR, 1960, vol. 8.
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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