traer

See also: trär, and trær

Asturian

Verb

traer

1. Alternative form of trayer

Conjugation

Impersonal forms
Infinitive		trayer/traer
Gerund		trayendo
Past participle		m trayíu/traíu, f trayida/traída, n trayío/traío, m pl trayíos/traíos, f pl trayíes/traíes
Personal forms
		yo	tu	él~elli/-a/-o	nosotros/-es~nós	vosotros/-es~vós	ellos/-es
Indicative	Present	trayo traigo	trayes traes	traye trai	trayemos traemos	trayéis traéis	trayen traen
	Imperfect preterite	trayía traía	trayíes traíes	trayía traía	trayíamos trayíemos traíamos traíemos	trayíais trayíeis traíais traíeis	trayíen traíen
	Perfect preterite	traxí	traxisti traxesti	traxo	traximos traxemos	traxistis traxestis	traxeron
	Pluperfect preterite	traxera trayere	traxeras traxeres	traxera traxere	traxéramos traxéremos	traxerais traxereis	traxeran traxeren
		yo	tu	él~elli/-a/-o	nosotros/-es~nós	vosotros/-es~vós	ellos/-es
Subjunctive	Present	traya traiga	trayas traigas	traya traiga	trayamos traigamos	trayáis traigáis	trayan traigan
	Imperfect preterite	traxera traxere	traxeras traxeres	traxera traxere	traxéramos traxéremos	traxerais traxereis	traxeran traxeren
		yo	tu	él~elli/-a/-o	nosotros/-es~nós	vosotros/-es~vós	ellos/-es
Potential	Future	trayeré traeré	trayerás traerás	trayerá traerá	trayeremos traeremos	trayeréis traeréis	trayerán traerán
	Conditional	trayería traería	trayeríes traeríes	trayería traería	trayeríamos trayeríemos traeríamos traeríemos	trayeríais trayeríeis traeríais traeríeis	trayeríen traeríen
		-	tu	vusté	nosotros/-es~nós	vosotros/-es~vós	vustedes
Imperative			trai		vamos trayer	trayéi traéi

• Reference http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/gramatica_llingua.pdf

Galician

Alternative forms

• traguer, traiguer
• trazer (reintegrationist)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese traer (“to betray, deliver”), from Latin trahere, present active infinitive of trahō (“I pull, drag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”), which is perhaps a variation of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾaˈeɾ/ [t̪ɾaˈeɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Hyphenation: tra‧er

Verb

traer (first-person singular present traio, first-person singular preterite trouxen, past participle traído)

1. to bring
2. to wear
   • 1845, Vicente Turnes, Diálogo entre Silvestre Cajaraville e Domingo Magariños:

     Estóu debendo na tenda
     A chamarra que hoje trago
     E o somonte dos calzós
     Que ja estan feitos farrapos;

     I owe to the shop
     the coat I wear today
     and the cloth of the pants,
     which are already in tatters

3. (rare) to bear
   • 1812, Antonio Benito Fandiño, A Casamenteira:

     Ai tontiño, porque iñoras
     o qu’he mantér casa e vida,
     que por ben que estea sortida,
     hai faltas a todas horas.
     O segundo, que teu pai
     pensa com’home de ben,
     e así por vergonza ten
     unha nora que non trai.
     Orasme, sobr’esto hai,
     que a dous parizós que teña,
     non tendes donde vos veña,
     cando ela non colla un mal.

     Oh, silly, because you don't know
     what it is to keep house and life,
     no matter how well stocked it is,
     there's lack at all hours.
     Second, your father
     thinks like a good man,
     and to his shame he has
     a daughter-in-law who doesn't bear.
     However, on this matter,
     with just two childbirths that she has,
     you'll be left resourceless,
     and that if she doesn't get sick.

4. (archaic) to betray; to deliver to the enemy
   • 1460, Rui Vasques, edited by J. A. Souto Cabo, Choronica de Iria:

     Et alguus seus ynjmjgos por zelo de envidia diserõ a el rrey que el que queria traer o rreyno de Galiza, et o queria tirar a el rrey et darllo aos Jngreses et normanos, seus ynimjgos.

     And some people, enemies of him, because of envy told the king that he wanted to deliver the Kingdom of Galicia, that he wanted to take it from the king and give it to the Englishmen and the Normans, his enemies.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of traer (irregular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	traer
Personal	traer	traeres	traer	traermos	traerdes	traeren
Gerund
	traendo
Past participle
Masculine	traído			traídos
Feminine	traída			traídas
Indicative
Present	traio	traes	trae	traemos	traedes	traen
Imperfect	traía	traías	traía	traïamos	traïades	traían
Preterite	trouxen	trouxeches	trouxo	trouxemos	trouxestes	trouxeron
Pluperfect	trouxera	trouxeras	trouxera	trouxeramos	trouxerades	trouxeran
Future	traerei	traerás	traerá	traeremos	traeredes	traerán
Conditional	traería	traerías	traería	traeriamos	traeriades	traerían
Subjunctive
Present	traia	traias	traia	traiamos	traiades	traian
Imperfect	trouxese	trouxeses	trouxese	trouxésemos	trouxésedes	trouxesen
Future	trouxer	trouxeres	trouxer	trouxermos	trouxerdes	trouxeren
Imperative
Affirmative		trae	traia	traiamos	traede	traian
Negative (non)		non traias	non traia	non traiamos	non traiades	non traian

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “traer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “traer”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “traer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “traer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “traer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Further reading

• “traer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin trādō, from trāns + dō.

Verb

traer

1. (transitive) to betray (to deliver into the hands of an enemy)
2. (transitive) to betray (to prove faithless or treacherous)

Related terms

• traiçon
• traydo

 

Descendants

• Portuguese: trair

Etymology 2

Verb

traer

1. Alternative form of trager

References

• Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2024) “traer¹”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “traer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “traer”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

Old Spanish

Etymology 1

From Latin trahō, trahere.

Alternative forms

• traher, trayer

Verb

traer

1. (transitive) to bring
   • 1270 – 1284, Alfonso X, Estoria de España 2:

     Desí el Rey assentosse en su siella & el çid dixo, "sennor, do mandades que me assiente con estos mios parientes & mios vassallos que aqui traxe comigo".

     And so the king sat on his chair, and the Cid said, "my lord, where do you order me to sit with my family and vassals, whom I brought here with me"?

2. (transitive) to drag something on the ground
3. (transitive) to throw something, hurl
4. (transitive) to carry something, wear (pieces of clothes)
   • 1140 – 1207, anonymous, Cid 470-471:

     Mio çid Ruy diaz por las puertas entraua / En mano t͠ae deſnuda el eſpada

     My Cid, Ruy Díaz, was going in through the doors, and in his hand he carries his sword unsheathed

   • 1140 – 1207, anonymous, Cid 1587:

     Viſtios el ſobregonel luenga trahe la barba

     He put on his fine tunic, donning a long beard

Descendants

• Spanish: traer

Etymology 2

From Latin trādō, trādere (“to hand something over; give up, abandon”), derived from dō, dare (“to give”).

Verb

traer

1. (transitive, up to 13th century) to betray someone, be disloyal to
   • 1251 – 1285, anonymous, Fuero de Úbeda :

     Esto por tal es dicho: que muchas vezes conteçio que ay algunos que quieren traer la villa, & ffizieron ençendymiento que, demientre los omnes fuesen al fuego amatar, ellos abrieron las puertas & rresçibieron los enemjgos.

     This is said for the following reason: it has happened many times that there were some who wanted to betray the village, and so they started a fire, and as everyone went to stop the fire, they opened the gates and received the enemy.

References

• (to bring): Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983) “traer”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 575
• (to betray): Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “dar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 426

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish traer, from Vulgar Latin *trāiēre, from Latin trahere (“to pull, drag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”), which is perhaps a variant of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾaˈeɾ/ [t̪ɾaˈeɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: tra‧er

Verb

traer (first-person singular present traigo, first-person singular preterite traje, past participle traído)

1. to bring, to fetch

   Antonym: llevar

   ¿Qué te trae por aquí? ― What brings you here?

   Voy a traerle una cerveza ― I'm going to bring you a beer.

2. to attract, draw, pull
3. to bring about, cause, occasion
4. to make (cause to be in or have a certain condition or state)

   Oye, me traes intranquilo. ― Listen, you make me restless.

5. to wear (ellipsis of traer puesto)

   Synonym: (ellipsis of llevar puesto) llevar

6. to bring forward, advance, adduce
7. to make, compel, oblige
8. to persuade
9. to have, carry (in a publication, in stock)
10. to include (have as a component, part, accessory or ingredient)

    Synonym: llevar

Usage notes

• Since, in the sense of "carry" or "move", traer and llevar indicate direction from or to a certain place, these verbs are antonyms in the origin and destination. Between certain places, however, they are used as synonyms.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of traer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			traer
gerund			trayendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		traído		traída
		plural		traídos		traídas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	traigo	traestú traésvos	trae	traemos	traéis	traen
	imperfect	traía	traías	traía	traíamos	traíais	traían
	preterite	traje	trajiste	trajo	trajimos	trajisteis	trajeron
	future	traeré	traerás	traerá	traeremos	traeréis	traerán
	conditional	traería	traerías	traería	traeríamos	traeríais	traerían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	traiga	traigastú traigásvos2	traiga	traigamos	traigáis	traigan
	imperfect (ra)	trajera	trajeras	trajera	trajéramos	trajerais	trajeran
	imperfect (se)	trajese	trajeses	trajese	trajésemos	trajeseis	trajesen
	future1	trajere	trajeres	trajere	trajéremos	trajereis	trajeren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		traetú traévos	traiga	traigamos	traed	traigan
	negative		no traigas	no traiga	no traigamos	no traigáis	no traigan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of traer (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive traer
	dative	traerme	traerte	traerle, traerse	traernos	traeros	traerles, traerse
	accusative	traerme	traerte	traerlo, traerla, traerse	traernos	traeros	traerlos, traerlas, traerse
with gerund trayendo
	dative	trayéndome	trayéndote	trayéndole, trayéndose	trayéndonos	trayéndoos	trayéndoles, trayéndose
	accusative	trayéndome	trayéndote	trayéndolo, trayéndola, trayéndose	trayéndonos	trayéndoos	trayéndolos, trayéndolas, trayéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative trae
	dative	tráeme	tráete	tráele	tráenos	not used	tráeles
	accusative	tráeme	tráete	tráelo, tráela	tráenos	not used	tráelos, tráelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative traé
	dative	traeme	traete	traele	traenos	not used	traeles
	accusative	traeme	traete	traelo, traela	traenos	not used	traelos, traelas
with formal second-person singular imperative traiga
	dative	tráigame	not used	tráigale, tráigase	tráiganos	not used	tráigales
	accusative	tráigame	not used	tráigalo, tráigala, tráigase	tráiganos	not used	tráigalos, tráigalas
with first-person plural imperative traigamos
	dative	not used	traigámoste	traigámosle	traigámonos	traigámoos	traigámosles
	accusative	not used	traigámoste	traigámoslo, traigámosla	traigámonos	traigámoos	traigámoslos, traigámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative traed
	dative	traedme	not used	traedle	traednos	traeos	traedles
	accusative	traedme	not used	traedlo, traedla	traednos	traeos	traedlos, traedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative traigan
	dative	tráiganme	not used	tráiganle	tráigannos	not used	tráiganles, tráiganse
	accusative	tráiganme	not used	tráiganlo, tráiganla	tráigannos	not used	tráiganlos, tráiganlas, tráiganse

Derived terms

• traer a colación
• traer a la memoria
• traer al fresco
• traer al pairo
• traer de cabeza
• traer puesto
• traído por los pelos

 

Related terms

• atraer
• detraer
• tracción
• tractor
• traedor
• traílla
• traje
• trajinar
• tratar
• trazar
• trecho

 

See also

• cargar
• acarrear

Further reading

• “traer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28