poru

See also: pórú, pōru, and пору

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• Audio:

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Noun

poru (definite accusative porunu, plural porular)

1. white-eye bream (Ballerus sapa)

Declension

Declension of poru
	singular	plural
nominative	poru	porular
definite accusative	porunu	poruları
dative	poruya	porulara
locative	poruda	porularda
ablative	porudan	porulardan
definite genitive	porunun	poruların

Possessive forms of poru
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	porum	porularım
sənin (“your”)	porun	poruların
onun (“his/her/its”)	porusu	poruları
bizim (“our”)	porumuz	porularımız
sizin (“your”)	porunuz	porularınız
onların (“their”)	porusu or poruları	poruları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	porumu	porularımı
sənin (“your”)	porunu	porularını
onun (“his/her/its”)	porusunu	porularını
bizim (“our”)	porumuzu	porularımızı
sizin (“your”)	porunuzu	porularınızı
onların (“their”)	porusunu or porularını	porularını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	poruma	porularıma
sənin (“your”)	poruna	porularına
onun (“his/her/its”)	porusuna	porularına
bizim (“our”)	porumuza	porularımıza
sizin (“your”)	porunuza	porularınıza
onların (“their”)	porusuna or porularına	porularına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	porumda	porularımda
sənin (“your”)	porunda	porularında
onun (“his/her/its”)	porusunda	porularında
bizim (“our”)	porumuzda	porularımızda
sizin (“your”)	porunuzda	porularınızda
onların (“their”)	porusunda or porularında	porularında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	porumdan	porularımdan
sənin (“your”)	porundan	porularından
onun (“his/her/its”)	porusundan	porularından
bizim (“our”)	porumuzdan	porularımızdan
sizin (“your”)	porunuzdan	porularınızdan
onların (“their”)	porusundan or porularından	porularından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	porumun	porularımın
sənin (“your”)	porunun	porularının
onun (“his/her/its”)	porusunun	porularının
bizim (“our”)	porumuzun	porularımızın
sizin (“your”)	porunuzun	porularınızın
onların (“their”)	porusunun or porularının	porularının

Finnish

Etymology

porata +‎ -u

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈporu/, [ˈpo̞ru]
• Rhymes: -oru
• Syllabification^(key): po‧ru

Noun

poru (informal)

1. cry (shedding of tears; the act of crying)

   Synonyms: see itku

2. (condescending) complaint, whining

   Synonyms: see valitus

Declension

Inflection of poru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		poru	porut
genitive		porun	porujen
partitive		porua	poruja
illative		poruun	poruihin
		singular	plural
nominative		poru	porut
accusative	nom.	poru	porut
	gen.	porun
genitive		porun	porujen
partitive		porua	poruja
inessive		porussa	poruissa
elative		porusta	poruista
illative		poruun	poruihin
adessive		porulla	poruilla
ablative		porulta	poruilta
allative		porulle	poruille
essive		poruna	poruina
translative		poruksi	poruiksi
abessive		porutta	poruitta
instructive		—	poruin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of poru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative poruni poruni accusative nom. poruni poruni gen. poruni genitive poruni porujeni partitive poruani porujani inessive porussani poruissani elative porustani poruistani illative poruuni poruihini adessive porullani poruillani ablative porultani poruiltani allative porulleni poruilleni essive porunani poruinani translative porukseni poruikseni abessive poruttani poruittani instructive — — comitative — poruineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative porusi porusi accusative nom. porusi porusi gen. porusi genitive porusi porujesi partitive poruasi porujasi inessive porussasi poruissasi elative porustasi poruistasi illative poruusi poruihisi adessive porullasi poruillasi ablative porultasi poruiltasi allative porullesi poruillesi essive porunasi poruinasi translative poruksesi poruiksesi abessive poruttasi poruittasi instructive — — comitative — poruinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative porumme porumme accusative nom. porumme porumme gen. porumme genitive porumme porujemme partitive poruamme porujamme inessive porussamme poruissamme elative porustamme poruistamme illative poruumme poruihimme adessive porullamme poruillamme ablative porultamme poruiltamme allative porullemme poruillemme essive porunamme poruinamme translative poruksemme poruiksemme abessive poruttamme poruittamme instructive — — comitative — poruinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative porunne porunne accusative nom. porunne porunne gen. porunne genitive porunne porujenne partitive poruanne porujanne inessive porussanne poruissanne elative porustanne poruistanne illative poruunne poruihinne adessive porullanne poruillanne ablative porultanne poruiltanne allative porullenne poruillenne essive porunanne poruinanne translative poruksenne poruiksenne abessive poruttanne poruittanne instructive — — comitative — poruinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative porunsa porunsa accusative nom. porunsa porunsa gen. porunsa genitive porunsa porujensa partitive poruaan poruansa porujaan porujansa inessive porussaan porussansa poruissaan poruissansa elative porustaan porustansa poruistaan poruistansa illative poruunsa poruihinsa adessive porullaan porullansa poruillaan poruillansa ablative porultaan porultansa poruiltaan poruiltansa allative porulleen porullensa poruilleen poruillensa essive porunaan porunansa poruinaan poruinansa translative porukseen poruksensa poruikseen poruiksensa abessive poruttaan poruttansa poruittaan poruittansa instructive — — comitative — poruineen poruinensa

See also

• torua

Further reading

• “poru”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• Urpo, puro, urpo

Latvian

Noun

poru m

1. (dialectal) accusative singular of pors
2. (dialectal) instrumental singular of pors
3. (dialectal) genitive plural of pors

Mbyá Guaraní

Verb

poru

1. to use

Conjugation

    Conjugation of poru

singular			plural
1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person inclusive	1st person exclusive	2nd person	3rd person
xee aiporu	ndee ereiporu	ha'e oiporu	nhande jaiporu	ore oroiporu	peẽ peiporu	ha'e oiporu

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɔˈɾu]
• Rhymes: -u
• Hyphenation: po‧ru

Etymology 1

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní poru.

Alternative forms

• puru

Noun

poru (possessable)

1. use; employment

Verb

poru (first-person singular active indicative aîporu, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîporuî, gerund porûabo, noun poru) (transitive)

1. to use; to employ
2. to practise (to repeat an activity as a way of improving one's skill)
3. to borrow (to receive temporarily)
4. to enjoy (to receive pleasure or satisfaction from something)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of poru (transitive, U-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	poruukar
Causative-comitative	eroporu
Reflexive	îeporu
Deverbals
-ba'e	oîporuba'e
emi-	emimoru／mimoru
-pyr(a)	i porupyra
-sab(a)	porûaba／porusaba
-sar(a)	porûara／porusara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîporu	ereîporu	oîporu	oroîporu	îaîporu	peîporu
Permissive	t'aîporu	t'ereîporu	t'oîporu	t'oroîporu	t'îaîporu	ta peîporu
Imperative		eîporu				peîporu
Negative indicative	n'aîporuî	n'ereîporuî	n'oîporuî	n'oroîporuî	n'îaîporuî	na peîporuî
Negative permissive	t'aîporu umẽ	t'ereîporu umẽ	t'oîporu umẽ	t'oroîporu umẽ	t'îaîporu umẽ	ta peîporu umẽ
Negative imperative		eîporu umẽ				peîporu umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	poru
Negative	porue'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	xe porûabo	nde porûabo	i porûabo	oré porûabo	îandé porûabo	pe porûabo
Negative	xe porue'yma	nde porue'yma	i porue'yma	oré porue'yma	îandé porue'yma	pe porue'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe poruû		i poruû	oré poruû	îandé poruû
Negative	xe porue'ymi		i porue'ymi	oré porue'ymi	îandé porue'ymi

Related terms

• emiporu
• oîporuba'e
• poruukar

 

Descendants

• Nheengatu: purú

Etymology 2

Verb

poru (first-person singular active indicative aîporu, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîporuî, gerund porûabo, noun poru) (transitive)

1. to take turns [with esé ‘in something’]

Etymology 3

From poro- (“people”) +‎ 'u (“to eat”).

Adjective

poru (noun form poru)

1. cannibalistic
2. man-eating

Noun

poru (possessable)

1. anthropophagy; cannibalism

Verb

poru (first-person singular active indicative aporu, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aporuî, first-person singular gerund gûiporûabo, noun poru) (intransitive)

1. to cannibalise

Conjugation

    Conjugation of poru (intransitive, U-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	momoru
Causative-comitative	eroporu
Deverbals
-ba'e	oporuba'e
-sab(a)	porûaba／porusaba
-sar(a)	porûara／porusara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aporu	ereporu	oporu	oroporu	îaporu	peporu
Permissive	t'aporu	t'ereporu	t'oporu	t'oroporu	t'îaporu	ta peporu
Imperative		eporu				peporu
Negative indicative	n'aporuî	n'ereporuî	n'oporuî	n'oroporuî	n'îaporuî	na peporuî
Negative permissive	t'aporu umẽ	t'ereporu umẽ	t'oporu umẽ	t'oroporu umẽ	t'îaporu umẽ	ta peporu umẽ
Negative imperative		eporu umẽ				peporu umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	gûiporûabo	eporûabo	oporûabo	oroporûabo	îaporûabo	peporûabo
Negative	gûiporue'yma	eporue'yma	oporue'yma	oroporue'yma	îaporue'yma	peporue'yma
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	poru
Negative	porue'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe poruû		i poruû	oré poruû	îandé poruû
Negative	xe porue'ymi		i porue'ymi	oré porue'ymi	îandé porue'ymi

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “poru”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 401, columns 1–2