亞

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See also: 亚 and 亜
亞 U+4E9E, 亞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E9E
← 亝
[U+4E9D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亟 →
[U+4E9F]

Translingual

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Traditional 亞
Shinjitai 亜
Simplified 亚

Han character

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亞 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一中中一 (MLLM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿴二⿰⿳丨一𠃑⿳𠃑一丨)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №506

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 274
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 23, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E9E

Chinese

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trad. 亞
simp. 亚
alternative forms 亜
𠀓
𠄮
俹／𱎫
䢝

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 亞
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j29651
j29652
j29653
j29654
j29655
j29656
j29657
j29658
j29659
j29660
j29661
j29662
j29663
j29664
j29665
j29666
j29667
j29668
j29669
j29670
j29671
j29672
j29673
j29674
j29675
j29676
j29677
j29678
j29679
j29680
j29681
j29682
j29683
j29684
j29685
j29686
j29687
j29688
j29689
j29690
j29691
j29692
j29693
j29694
j29695
j29696
j29697
j29698
j29699
j29700
j29701
j29702
j29703
j29704
j29705
j29706
j29707
j29708
j29709
j29710
j29711
j29712
j29713
j29714
j29715
j29716
j29717
j29718
j29719
j29720
j29721
j29722
j29723
j29724
j29725
j29726
j29727
j29728
j29729
j29730
j29731
b19832
b19833
b19834
b19835
b19836
b19837
b19838
b19839
b19840
b19841
b19842
b19843
b19844
b19845
b19846
b19847
b19848
b19849
b19850
b19851
b19852
b19853
b19854
s10917
Transcribed ancient scripts
L36894
L23820
L23821
L23822
L23823
L23824
L23825
L23826
L23827
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
椏 *qaːʔ, *qraː
錏 *qraː
鵶 *qraː
啞 *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ
瘂 *qraːʔ
亞 *qraːɡs
婭 *qraːɡs
俹 *qraːɡs
稏 *qraːɡs
惡 *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁 *qaːɡs
堊 *qaːɡ
蝁 *qaːɡ

Pictogram (象形) : an overhead view of a construction, likely a 亞-shaped tomb.

Etymology 1

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Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔrak (“inferior; dependent”), whence Tibetan རག (rag, “to depend on; subject; subservient; dependent”) (Bodman, 1980; Coblin, 1986).

Karlgren (1957) connects it to 惡 (OC *qaːɡ, “evil”), but Schuessler (2007) considers this to be unlikely due to the semantics.

The shangsheng pronunciation in Mandarin (yǎ) is a result of influence from the pronunciation of 啞／哑 (yǎ), whose written form contains 亞 as a component (Fu, 1958).

Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • a, ah - vernacular;
  • à - literary.
Rime
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 衣嫁切
Baxter 'aeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔaɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔaH/
Wang
Li 		/aH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yà
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		aa3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yà
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁrak-s/
English secondary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
No. 14212
Phonetic
component 		亞
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亞
Old
Chinese 		/*qraːɡs/

Definitions

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亞

  1. † a house (four walls & windows, seen from above)
  2. second; inferior
    亞軍／亚军  ―  yàjūn  ―  second place
    不亞於／不亚于  ―  bù yàyú  ―  not inferior to
  3. † Alternative form of 婭／娅
  4. a surname

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

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亞

  1. Used in transcription.
    亞美尼亞／亚美尼亚  ―  Yàměiníyà  ―  Armenia
    哥倫比亞／哥伦比亚  ―  Gēlúnbǐyà  ―  Colombia
    薩摩亞／萨摩亚  ―  Sàmóyà  ―  Samoa
    亞格拉／亚格拉  ―  Yàgélā  ―  Agra
    亞琛／亚琛  ―  Yàchēn  ―  Aachen
    亞眠／亚眠  ―  Yàmián  ―  Amiens
    亞當／亚当  ―  Yàdāng  ―  Adam
    亞氏保加症／亚氏保加症  ―  Yàshìbǎojiāzhèng  ―  Asperger syndrome
    1. (～洲) Short for 亞細亞／亚细亚 (Yàxìyà, “Asia”).
      東亞／东亚  ―  Dōngyà  ―  East Asia
      亞裔／亚裔  ―  yàyì  ―  Asian (ethnicity)
      亞太地區／亚太地区  ―  Yàtài dìqū  ―  Asia-Pacific

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (亞):
  • → Japanese: 亜(あ) (a)
  • → Korean: 아(亞) (a)
  • → Vietnamese: Á (亞)

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

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亞

  1. (chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of 阿 (“kinship prefix”)

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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亞

  1. (Nanning Pinghua) this
    亞件衫／亚件衫 [Nanning Pinghua]  ―  aa3 gyun6 saam1 [Jyutping++]  ―  this shirt
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 這
Taiwan 這
Chengde 這
Chifeng 這
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
Heihe 這
Qiqihar 這
Jiamusi 這
Baicheng 這
Changchun 這
Tonghua 這
Shenyang 這
Jinzhou 這
Malaysia 這
Singapore 這
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 這
Tangshan 這
Cangzhou 這
Baoding 這
Shijiazhuang 這
Lijin 這
Jinan 這
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 這
Dandong 這
Yantai 這
Qingdao 這
Zhucheng 這
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 這
Jining 這
Linfen 這
Shangqiu 這
Yuanyang 這
Zhengzhou 這
Xinyang 這
Baihe 這
Xi'an 這
Baoji 這
Tianshui 這
Xining 這
Xuzhou 這
Pizhou 這
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 這
Donghai 這
Fuyang 這
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 這
Lanzhou 這
Dunhuang 這
Hami 這
Ürümqi 這
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 這
Nanchong 這
Dazhou 這
Hanyuan 這
Xichang 這
Zigong 這
Chongqing 這
Wuhan 這
Yichang 這
Tianmen 這
Guiyang 這
Zunyi 這
Bijie 這
Liping 這
Zhaotong 這
Dali 這
Kunming 這
Mengzi 這
Guilin 這
Liuzhou 這
Jishou 這
Changde 這
Hanzhong 這
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 這
Yangzhou 這
Baoying 這
Taizhou 這
Zhenjiang 這
Lianyungang 這
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
Lianshui 這
Xuyi 這
Nantong 這
Rugao 這
Yancheng 這
Funing 這
Sihong 這
Wuhu 這
Hefei 這
Hong'an 這
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
Hong Kong 呢, 依
Macau 呢
Taishan 該
Dongguan 呢
Yangjiang 果
Nanning 阿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
Gan Nanchang 箇
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
Anyi 箇
Lushan 箇
Duchang 箇
Wuning (Quankou) 該
Poyang 箇
Yugan 該
Wannian 該
Yanshan 這
Yichun 箇
Yifeng 箇
Gao'an 箇
Fengxin 箇
Shanggao 里
Wanzai 箇
Fengcheng 該
Xinyu 該
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
Nancheng 箇
Nanfeng 箇
Yihuang 箇
Lichuan 該
Chongren 該
Pingxiang 該
Ji'an 蓋
Taihe 箇
Xiajiang 該
Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
Guixi 箇
Jianning 個
Jinxian 箇
Jinxi 箇
Le'an 該
Guangchang 改
Suichuan 底
Wan'an 介
Jing'an 箇
Zhangshu 該
Xingan 個
Fenyi 改
Hakka Changting 爾
Ninghua 只
Qingliu 這
Yudu 底
Ningdu 底
Ruijin 底
Shicheng 底
Xunwu 底
Huichang 底
Xingguo 界
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
Hong Kong 這
Huizhou Jixi 爾
Shexian 這
Wuyuan 伊
Jin Taiyuan 這
Yangyuan 這
Datong 這
Xinzhou 這
Lüliang (Lishi) 這
Changzhi 這
Linhe 這
Jining 這
Hohhot 這
Erenhot 這
Pingshan 這
Zhangjiakou 這
Handan 這
Suide 這
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
Fuzhou (Changle) 這
Lianjiang 這
Fuqing 者
Pingtan 這
Yongtai 這
Minqing 這
Gutian 這
Pingnan 這
Luoyuan 這
Fu'an 這
Ningde 這
Xiapu 這
Zherong 這
Shouning 這
Zhouning 這
Fuding 這
Singapore (Fuqing) 這
Southern Min Xiamen 這
Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
Quanzhou 只, 這
Jinjiang 這
Nan'an 這
Shishi 這
Hui'an 這
Anxi 這
Yongchun 這
Dehua 這
Zhangzhou 這
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
Hua'an 這
Nanjing 這
Pinghe 這
Zhangpu 這
Yunxiao 這
Zhao'an 只
Dongshan 這
Taipei 這
Kinmen 這
Penang (Hokkien) 這
Singapore (Hokkien) 這
Manila (Hokkien) 這
Longyan 迄好
Zhangping 這
Chaozhou 只
Shantou 只
Jieyang 只
Haifeng 只
Singapore (Teochew) 只
Batam (Teochew) 只
Wenchang 這
Haikou 這
Singapore (Hainanese) 這
Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
Xianyou 只蜀
Central Min Yong'an 這
Sanming (Shaxian) 這
Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
Jiangle 者
Mingxi 只
Shunchang 這
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
Shehua Cangnan 這
Jingning (Hexi) 個
Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
Shanghai (Fengxian) 格
Shanghai (Jinshan) 格
Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
Suzhou 該, 搿
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
Wuxi 意
Changshu 俚
Jiaxing 葛
Jiashan 葛
Pinghu 葛
Haining (Yanguan) 葛
Tongxiang 葛
Haiyan 葛
Changzhou 資
Danyang 格
Nanjing (Gaochun) 格
Huzhou 格
Changxing 格
Anji 格
Deqing 葛
Hangzhou 葛
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
Tonglu 葛
Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
Shaoxing 咸
Zhuji 咸
Shengzhou 咸
Xinchang 咸
Ningbo 葛
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 葛
Yuyao 耶
Cixi 葛
Taizhou (Huangyan) 葛
Tiantai 葛
Sanmen 葛
Wenling 葛, 格
Wenzhou 個
Yueqing 個
Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
Rui'an 個
Pingyang 個
Taishun 這
Wencheng 個
Lishui 已
Qingtian 已
Jinyun 已
Songyang (Xiping) 益
Yunhe 益
Qingyuan 這
Longquan 搭
Suichang 益
Jiangshan 益
Changshan 益
Kaihua 益
Longyou 個
Jinhua 等, 待
Yiwu 吾
Yongkang 個
Pujiang 這, 吉
Dongyang 個
Wuyi 愛個
Lanxi 個
Shangrao 這
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
Yushan 伊
Xiang Changsha 咯
Shuangfeng 咯

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

亜

Kyūjitai

亞

Kanji

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亞

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 亜)

  1. rank
  2. follow
  3. sub- prefix

Readings

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  • Go-on: え (e)
  • Kan-on: あ (a)、あつ (atsu)、おう (ō)
  • Kun: つぎ (tsugi, 亞ぎ)、つぐ (tsugu, 亞ぐ)

Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of 亞 – see the following entry.
【亜】S
[kanji] jōyō kanji
[kanji] rank
[kanji] follow
[kanji] sub- prefix
[kanji] Used in transliteration of place names.
Kanji reading:
え, あく, よう, あ, おう, つぐ, つぎ, [[<! つぐる#Japanese|<! つぐる]], [[> みつる#Japanese|> みつる]]
(This term, 亞, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Usage notes

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 亞 (MC 'aeH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (phonetic element in transliterations):
  • (second; sub-; ranking next; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [a̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [아(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

亞 (eumhun 버금 아 (beogeum a))

  1. hanja form? of 아 (“second; sub-”)
  2. hanja form? of 아 (“ranking next; coming after”)
  3. hanja form? of 아 (“Asia (abbreviation)”)
  4. hanja form? of 아 (“used as a prefix to names”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Proper noun

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Hanja in this term
亞

亞 • (A) (hangeul 아)

  1. (in headlines) Short for 亞細亞아세아 (Asea, “Asia”).

Usage notes

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A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

亞: Hán Nôm readings: á, a

  1. Asia
  2. Asiatic

References

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