balsam
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)); compare Old English balsam, balsamum (“balsam, balm”), Doublet of balm. Not related to balsa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]balsam (countable and uncountable, plural balsams)
- (chiefly UK) A sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
- (chiefly UK) A plant or tree yielding such substance.
- (chiefly UK) A soothing ointment.
- (chiefly UK, figuratively) Something soothing.
- Classical music is a sweet balsam for our sorrows
- A flowering plant of the genus Impatiens.
- The balsam family of flowering plants (Balsaminaceae), which includes Impatiens and Hydrocera.
- A balsam fir Abies balsamea.
- Canada balsam, a turpentine obtained from the resin of balsam fir.
Synonyms
[edit]- (sweet-smelling oil): balm
- (plant or tree): balm
- (soothing ointment): balm
- (something soothing): balm
- (flowering plant of the genus Impatiens): jewelweed, impatiens, touch-me-not
Derived terms
[edit]- Abraham's balsam
- balsamaceous
- balsam apple
- balsamarium
- balsam Canada
- balsamed
- balsam fir
- balsamic
- balsamical
- balsamiferous
- Balsamina
- balsamint, balsam-mint
- Balsam Lake
- Balsam Lake
- balsam of Acouchi
- balsam of aniseed
- balsam of Copaiba
- balsam of fir
- balsam of Gilead
- balsam of Mecca
- balsam of Peru
- balsam of saturn
- balsam of steel
- balsam of sulfur, balsam of sulphur
- balsam of Tolu
- balsam oil
- balsam pear
- balsam poplar
- balsamroot
- balsam-tansy
- balsam tree
- balsamweed
- balsam willow
- balsamy
- Canada balsam
- friar's balsam
- garden balsam
- Himalayan balsam
- imbalsamation
- Mecca balsam
- Peruvian balsam
- Tolu balsam
- true balsam
- Turlington's balsam
- Umiri balsam
- Wade's balsam
- wild balsam apple
- yellow balsam
Related terms
[edit]Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also
[edit]Verb
[edit]balsam (third-person singular simple present balsams, present participle balsaming, simple past and past participle balsamed)
- (transitive) To treat or anoint with balsam.
Anagrams
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay balsam, from English balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]balsam (first-person possessive balsamku, second-person possessive balsammu, third-person possessive balsamnya)
- balsam: a sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
Alternative forms
[edit]- balsêm (superseded spelling)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “balsam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Irish balsam(m), balsaim(e), from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon).
Noun
[edit]balsam m (genitive singular balsaim)
Declension
[edit]
Bare forms:
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Forms with the definite article:
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Derived terms
[edit]- balsam buí m (“yellow balsam”)
- balsam gairdín m (“garden balsam”)
- balsam na manach m (“friar's balsam”)
- balsamach (“balmy”, adjective)
- balsamaigh (“embalm”, verb)
- balsamóir m (“embalmer”)
Mutation
[edit]Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
balsam | bhalsam | mbalsam |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “balsam”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “balsam(m), balsaim(e)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin balsamum.[1][2][3] First attested in the 15th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]balsam m animacy unattested
- balm (any of various aromatic resins exuded from certain plants, especially trees of the genus Commiphora of Africa, Arabia and India and Myroxylon of South America)
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[2], page 25:
- Tamo roskoszna wonia cinamona i balsama (cum nardo balsamus) i wszego roskosznego kwiecia
- [Tamo rozkoszna wonia cynamona i balsama (cum nardo balsamus) i wszego rozkosznego kwiecia]
- wild mint, Mentha arvensis
- 1900 [1478], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[3], number 2246:
- Balsam menta crispa
- [Balsam menta crispa]
- basil thyme, Clinopodium acinos
- 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[4], number 731:
- Balsan menta
- [Balsan menta]
- (attested in Lesser Poland) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
Related terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Polish: balsam
References
[edit]- ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “balsam”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “balsam”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language][1] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “balsam”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “balsam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish balsam.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈbal.sam/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈbal.sɒm/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -alsam
- Syllabification: bal‧sam
Noun
[edit]balsam m inan
- balsam, balm (sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants)
- Hypernym: żywica
- (cosmetics, medicine, pharmacology) lotion, balm (a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to skin)
- (historical, Egyptology) embalming substance
- (figuratively) balsam, balm (something soothing)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- balsam in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- balsam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “balsam, Balsamus”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Dorota Adamiec (10.07.2018) “BALSAM, BALZAM, BAŁZAM, *BAŁSAM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 88
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin balsamum. Appears since 17th century. Probably entered Romanian through multiple routes, with the most common form from Italian balsamo, or through use in old medicinal practice. A now archaic variant form valsam derived from Greek βάλσαμο (válsamo). Cf. also German Balsam.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]balsam n (plural balsamuri)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Swedish balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon), likely from a Semitic source. Compare Hebrew בֹּשֶׂם (bōśem, “perfume”) and Arabic بَشَام (bašām).
Noun
[edit]balsam n or c
- balsam (sweet-smelling oil)
- hair conditioner
- Synonym: hårbalsam
- (figurative) balm, balsam (something soothing)
- balsam för själen ― comfort
Declension
[edit]Declension of balsam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | balsam | balsamet | balsam | balsamen |
Genitive | balsams | balsamets | balsams | balsamens |
Declension of balsam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | balsam | balsamen | balsamer | balsamerna |
Genitive | balsams | balsamens | balsamers | balsamernas |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- balsam in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
- balsam in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English terms derived from Semitic languages
- English terms derived from Hebrew
- English doublets
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- British English
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:Conifers
- en:Ericales order plants
- en:Gums and resins
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Indonesian terms derived from Semitic languages
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Latin
- Irish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- ga:Medicine
- Irish first-declension nouns
- ga:Materials
- ga:Plants
- Old Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Old Polish terms borrowed from Latin
- Old Polish learned borrowings from Latin
- Old Polish terms derived from Latin
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- zlw-opl:Gums and resins
- zlw-opl:Mints
- zlw-opl:Menthinae subtribe plants
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/alsam
- Rhymes:Polish/alsam/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Cosmetics
- pl:Medicine
- pl:Pharmacology
- Polish terms with historical senses
- pl:Ancient Egypt
- pl:Gums and resins
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Italian
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/am
- Rhymes:Romanian/am/2 syllables
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish nouns with multiple genders
- Swedish terms with usage examples