atrox

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂h₁tro-h₃kʷs (“having the appearance of fire”), from *h₂eh₁tro-, thematicized form of *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) (whence āter), + *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”) (whence oculus). The first root also gives the cognates Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱 (ātarš, “fire”), Umbrian 𐌀𐌈𐌓𐌖 (aθru), Oscan 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis), Irish áith (“kiln”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈa.troːks/, [ˈät̪roːks̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.troks/, [ˈäːt̪roks]

Adjective

atrōx (genitive atrōcis, comparative atrōcior, superlative atrōcissimus, adverb atrōciter); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. fierce, savage, bloody

   Synonyms: trux, ferōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, sevērus, acerbus

   Antonyms: misericors, mītis, tranquillus, placidus, quietus, clemens

2. heinous, cruel, severe
3. terrible, frightening, dreadful

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	atrōx			atrōcēs	atrōcia
Genitive	atrōcis			atrōcium
Dative	atrōcī			atrōcibus
Accusative	atrōcem	atrōx		atrōcēs	atrōcia
Ablative	atrōcī			atrōcibus
Vocative	atrōx			atrōcēs	atrōcia

Derived terms

• atrōcitās
• atrōciter

Descendants

• Catalan: atroç
• → English: atrocious
• → French: atroce
• Galician: atroz
• Italian: atroce
• → Romanian: atroce
• Portuguese: atroz
• Spanish: atroz

References

• “atrox”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “atrox”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• atrox in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a bloody battle: proelium cruentum, atrox