spray

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See also: Spray

English

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A spray can spraying (#2)
A spray can (#3)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /spɹeɪ/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪ

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Dutch sprāien, sprayen, spraeyen (to spray, sprinkle, spread), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sprēwijaną (to spray, sprinkle), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (to sow, scatter).

Cognate with Middle High German spræjen, spræwen (to squirt, spray, dust, splash, straw), Danish dialectal språe (to open up, burst forth), Swedish dialectal språ (to sprout, shoot forth, burst), Norwegian dialectal spra, spræ (to splash, splatter, spout, burst forth), Dutch sproeien (to spray, sprinkle), German sprühen (to spray, sparkle).

Noun

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spray (countable and uncountable, plural sprays)

  1. A fine, gentle, dispersed mist of liquid.
    The sailor could feel the spray from the waves.
    • 1952, Nikos Kazantzakis, chapter 1, in Carl Wildman, transl., Zorba the Greek, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, translation of Βίος και πολιτεία του Αλέξη Ζορμπά [Víos kai politeía tou Aléxi Zormpá], →ISBN, page 3:
      A strong sirocco was blowing the spray from the waves as far as the little café, whose glass doors were shut. The café reeked of brewing sage and human beings whose breath steamed the windows because of the cold outside.
  2. (figuratively) Something resembling a spray of liquid.
    • 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 [], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 171:
      Nurse Cramer had a cute nose and a radiant, blooming complexion dotted with fetching sprays of adorable freckles that Yossarian detested.
  3. (countable) A pressurized container; an atomizer.
    Synonym: spray can
  4. (countable) Any of numerous commercial products, including paints, cosmetics, and insecticides, that are dispensed from containers in this manner.
    Synonym: spray can
  5. (medicine, countable) A jet of fine medicated vapour, used either as an application to a diseased part or to charge the air of a room with a disinfectant or a deodorizer.
  6. (metalworking, countable) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to distribute the metal to all parts of the mold.
  7. (metalworking, countable) A group of castings made in the same mold and connected by sprues formed in the runner and its branches.[1]
  8. (computing, countable) The allocation and filling of blocks of memory with the same byte sequence, hoping to establish that sequence in a certain predetermined location as part of an exploit.
    • 2015, Herbert Bos, Fabian Monrose, Gregory Blanc, Research in Attacks, Intrusions, and Defenses: 18th International Symposium:
      This approach would be altered for an optimal omelette based exploit. One would spray the heap with the omelette code solely, then load a single copy of the additional shellcode eggs into memory outside the target region for the spray.
  9. (Australia) A loud scolding or reprimand, usually delivered by a sports coach or similar figure.
    • 2008, Robert Harvey, Harves: Strength Through Loyalty, Macmillan Publishers Aus., →ISBN, page 119:
      On match days he could give a good spray, and in many ways he was an old-fashioned coach, having learned a lot of his approach from Ron Barassi.
    • 2008, Kevin Hillier, Rocket Science: The Biography of Rodney Eade, Macmillan Publishers Aus., →ISBN, page 151:
      Expectations of what they will put up with have changed and a big spray probably doesn't have the effect it used to have. It certainly worked for me, I would get really aggressive and get fired up 'cause it's a motivational device they used.
    • 2018, Paul Amy, Fabulous Fred: The Strife and Times of Fred Cook, Melbourne Books, →ISBN:
      He could give a bloody good spray, Bricey,' Cook says. 'He'd be frothing at the mouth after he'd finished.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Esperanto: spraji
  • Turkish: sprey
Translations
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Verb

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Sprinklers spraying water to irrigate vine plants in a vineyard

spray (third-person singular simple present sprays, present participle spraying, simple past and past participle sprayed)

  1. (transitive) To project a liquid in a dispersive manner toward something.
    The firemen sprayed the house.
    Using a water cannon, the national guard sprayed the protesters.
  2. (ergative) To project in a dispersive manner.
    Spray some ointment on that scratch.
    The water sprayed out of the hose.
  3. (transitive, figurative) To project many small items dispersively.
    • 2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in The Guardian[1]:
      The sprawl of sheds like Magna Parks 1 to 3 are a particularly vivid measure, because they host the final moment of relative stasis for millions of products that are then sprayed out to homes in every direction.
    • 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:
      Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.
  4. (intransitive, zoology) To urinate in order to mark territory.
  5. (transitive, computing, computer security) To allocate blocks of memory from (a heap, etc.), and fill them with the same byte sequence, hoping to establish that sequence in a certain predetermined location as part of an exploit.
    to spray the heap of a target process
    • 2015, Herbert Bos, Fabian Monrose, Gregory Blanc, Research in Attacks, Intrusions, and Defenses: 18th International Symposium:
      This approach would be altered for an optimal omelette based exploit. One would spray the heap with the omelette code solely, then load a single copy of the additional shellcode eggs into memory outside the target region for the spray.
  6. (transitive, soccer) To pass (a ball), usually laterally across the field and often a long distance.
    • 2012 February 1, Ash Rose, The QPR Miscellany, The History Press, →ISBN:
      Kevin McLeod sprayed the ball across from the left flank where a raging Ainsworth met it on the volley from 25 yards out, crashing the ball into the roof of the net.
    • 2013 August 11, Jamal Orme, The Victory Boys, Kube Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 13:
      Yunus sprayed it to the wing where Ali was in some space.
  7. (transitive, Australian rules football) To kick (a ball) poorly and in an unintended direction.
    • 2011, Ashley Browne, Grand Finals: The Stories Behind the Premier Teams of the Victorian Football League. 1897-1938, Slattery Media Group, →ISBN, page 143:
      Despite a goal to Vin Gardiner for Carlton, courtesy of an infringement, the Blues squandered many opportunities in attack. They sprayed the ball with their field kicking, and in their path toward goal.
    • 2016 June 28, Nick Richardson, The Game of Their Lives, Macmillan Publishers Aus., →ISBN:
      But once again their forwards, including Sloss, sprayed the ball in front of goal and squandered their momentum by kicking a solitary goal and six careless behinds.
  8. (climbing, slang, derogatory) To give unwanted advice.
  9. (Nigeria) To shower guests dancing at a function with money
    • 2019, “Nigeria’s money-spraying culture: A national embarassment?”, in Apa News[2]:
      “If a celebrator is dancing and you spray him/her, you may go to jail from the party venue because the law enforcement agents will be there, waiting to arrest you.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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From Middle English spray, from Old English *spræġ, sprei (found in place names such as that of Spreyton, England), of unknown origin.

Noun

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spray (countable and uncountable, plural sprays)

  1. (countable) A small branch of flowers or berries.
    The bridesmaid carried a spray of lily-of-the-valley.
  2. (countable) A collective body of small branches.
    The tree has a beautiful spray.
    • a. 1426, Thomas Hoccleve, “The recordyng of aungeles song of the Natiuite of oure lady”, in Frederick James Furnivall, editor, Hoccleve's Works, volume III (in Middle English), London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., published 1897, lines 8–14, page xlvi:
      A blisful flour, owt of this spray schal springe ; / The fruyt þer-of schal be ful precïous ; / A causë haue [we] for to ioye & synge, / In honure of þat maidë gracïous, / That gret comfort schal cause[n] vnto vs ; / ffor now schal faste oure company encrees, / And god with man schal makë smallë pees.
      A blissful flower out will spring out of this spray; / Its fruit shall be very precious; / We have cause for joy and song, / In honour of that gracious maid, / Who will make us very comfortable; / for now our company will grow quickly, / And man will make peace with God.
    • c. 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book VII, Canto VII:
      And from the Trees did lop the needless Spray;
  3. (uncountable) Branches and twigs collectively; foliage.
    • a. 1300, Robert of Gloucester, “Henricus”, in William Aldis Wright, editor, The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester (in Middle English), London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, published 1887, part I, page 755:
      Gret fur he made þer aniȝt of wode & of sprai.
      There, at night, he made a great box out of wood and spray.
    • 1789, William Blake, “A Dream”, in Songs of Innocence:
      Troubled, 'wilder'd, and forlorn, / Dark, benighted, travel-worn, / Over many a tangled spray, / All heart-broke I heard her say
    • a. 1843, John Claudius Loudon, “Catalogue of Culinary Vegetables”, in The Suburban Horticulturalist, London: Bradbury and Evans, published 1845, page 631:
      The pea, being a tendrilled climber, whenever it is to be cultivated to the greatest advantage, ought to be supported by pea sticks, which are branches of trees or shrubs well furnished with spray, and of lengths suited to the height to which the plants grow.
  4. (countable, obsolete) An orchard.
  5. (countable) An ornament or design that resembles a branch.
Translations
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References

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  1. ^ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Spray”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. [], volumes III (REA–ZYM), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton [], →OCLC.

Anagrams

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English spray.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /spreː/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: spray

Noun

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spray m (plural sprays)

  1. spray (liquid commercial product sold in a spray container)

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English spray.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsprei̯/, [ˈs̠pre̞i̯]
  • Syllabification(key): spray

Noun

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spray

  1. spray (device for spraying)

Usage notes

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  • Many of the inflected forms, especially the plurals, are somewhat awkward. Therefore, it may be advisable to use appropriate synonyms for these cases, such as spraypullo, spraytölkki, suihke, suihkepullo.

Declension

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Inflection of spray (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
nominative spray sprayt
genitive sprayn sprayiden
sprayitten
partitive sprayta sprayita
illative sprayhin
sprayhyn
sprayihin
singular plural
nominative spray sprayt
accusative nom. spray sprayt
gen. sprayn
genitive sprayn sprayiden
sprayitten
partitive sprayta sprayita
inessive sprayssa sprayissa
elative spraysta sprayista
illative sprayhin
sprayhyn
sprayihin
adessive spraylla sprayilla
ablative spraylta sprayilta
allative spraylle sprayille
essive sprayna sprayina
translative sprayksi sprayiksi
abessive spraytta sprayitta
instructive sprayin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of spray (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative sprayni sprayni
accusative nom. sprayni sprayni
gen. sprayni
genitive sprayni sprayideni
sprayitteni
partitive spraytani sprayitani
inessive sprayssani sprayissani
elative spraystani sprayistani
illative sprayhini
sprayhyni
sprayihini
adessive sprayllani sprayillani
ablative sprayltani sprayiltani
allative spraylleni sprayilleni
essive spraynani sprayinani
translative spraykseni sprayikseni
abessive sprayttani sprayittani
instructive
comitative sprayineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative spraysi spraysi
accusative nom. spraysi spraysi
gen. spraysi
genitive spraysi sprayidesi
sprayittesi
partitive spraytasi sprayitasi
inessive sprayssasi sprayissasi
elative spraystasi sprayistasi
illative sprayhisi
sprayhysi
sprayihisi
adessive sprayllasi sprayillasi
ablative sprayltasi sprayiltasi
allative sprayllesi sprayillesi
essive spraynasi sprayinasi
translative sprayksesi sprayiksesi
abessive sprayttasi sprayittasi
instructive
comitative sprayinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative spraymme spraymme
accusative nom. spraymme spraymme
gen. spraymme
genitive spraymme sprayidemme
sprayittemme
partitive spraytamme sprayitamme
inessive sprayssamme sprayissamme
elative spraystamme sprayistamme
illative sprayhimme
sprayhymme
sprayihimme
adessive sprayllamme sprayillamme
ablative sprayltamme sprayiltamme
allative sprayllemme sprayillemme
essive spraynamme sprayinamme
translative sprayksemme sprayiksemme
abessive sprayttamme sprayittamme
instructive
comitative sprayinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative spraynne spraynne
accusative nom. spraynne spraynne
gen. spraynne
genitive spraynne sprayidenne
sprayittenne
partitive spraytanne sprayitanne
inessive sprayssanne sprayissanne
elative spraystanne sprayistanne
illative sprayhinne
sprayhynne
sprayihinne
adessive sprayllanne sprayillanne
ablative sprayltanne sprayiltanne
allative sprayllenne sprayillenne
essive spraynanne sprayinanne
translative sprayksenne sprayiksenne
abessive sprayttanne sprayittanne
instructive
comitative sprayinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative spraynsa spraynsa
accusative nom. spraynsa spraynsa
gen. spraynsa
genitive spraynsa sprayidensa
sprayittensa
partitive spraytaan
spraytansa
sprayitaan
sprayitansa
inessive sprayssaan
sprayssansa
sprayissaan
sprayissansa
elative spraystaan
spraystansa
sprayistaan
sprayistansa
illative sprayhinsa
sprayhynsa
sprayihinsa
adessive sprayllaan
sprayllansa
sprayillaan
sprayillansa
ablative sprayltaan
sprayltansa
sprayiltaan
sprayiltansa
allative spraylleen
sprayllensa
sprayilleen
sprayillensa
essive spraynaan
spraynansa
sprayinaan
sprayinansa
translative spraykseen
sprayksensa
sprayikseen
sprayiksensa
abessive sprayttaan
sprayttansa
sprayittaan
sprayittansa
instructive
comitative sprayineen
sprayinensa
Inflection of spray (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
nominative spray sprayt
genitive sprayn sprayiden
sprayitten
partitive spraytä sprayitä
illative sprayhin
sprayhyn
sprayihin
singular plural
nominative spray sprayt
accusative nom. spray sprayt
gen. sprayn
genitive sprayn sprayiden
sprayitten
partitive spraytä sprayitä
inessive sprayssä sprayissä
elative spraystä sprayistä
illative sprayhin
sprayhyn
sprayihin
adessive sprayllä sprayillä
ablative sprayltä sprayiltä
allative spraylle sprayille
essive spraynä sprayinä
translative sprayksi sprayiksi
abessive sprayttä sprayittä
instructive sprayin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of spray (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative sprayni sprayni
accusative nom. sprayni sprayni
gen. sprayni
genitive sprayni sprayideni
sprayitteni
partitive spraytäni sprayitäni
inessive sprayssäni sprayissäni
elative spraystäni sprayistäni
illative sprayhini
sprayhyni
sprayihini
adessive spraylläni sprayilläni
ablative sprayltäni sprayiltäni
allative spraylleni sprayilleni
essive spraynäni sprayinäni
translative spraykseni sprayikseni
abessive sprayttäni sprayittäni
instructive
comitative sprayineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative spraysi spraysi
accusative nom. spraysi spraysi
gen. spraysi
genitive spraysi sprayidesi
sprayittesi
partitive spraytäsi sprayitäsi
inessive sprayssäsi sprayissäsi
elative spraystäsi sprayistäsi
illative sprayhisi
sprayhysi
sprayihisi
adessive spraylläsi sprayilläsi
ablative sprayltäsi sprayiltäsi
allative sprayllesi sprayillesi
essive spraynäsi sprayinäsi
translative sprayksesi sprayiksesi
abessive sprayttäsi sprayittäsi
instructive
comitative sprayinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative spraymme spraymme
accusative nom. spraymme spraymme
gen. spraymme
genitive spraymme sprayidemme
sprayittemme
partitive spraytämme sprayitämme
inessive sprayssämme sprayissämme
elative spraystämme sprayistämme
illative sprayhimme
sprayhymme
sprayihimme
adessive sprayllämme sprayillämme
ablative sprayltämme sprayiltämme
allative sprayllemme sprayillemme
essive spraynämme sprayinämme
translative sprayksemme sprayiksemme
abessive sprayttämme sprayittämme
instructive
comitative sprayinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative spraynne spraynne
accusative nom. spraynne spraynne
gen. spraynne
genitive spraynne sprayidenne
sprayittenne
partitive spraytänne sprayitänne
inessive sprayssänne sprayissänne
elative spraystänne sprayistänne
illative sprayhinne
sprayhynne
sprayihinne
adessive sprayllänne sprayillänne
ablative sprayltänne sprayiltänne
allative sprayllenne sprayillenne
essive spraynänne sprayinänne
translative sprayksenne sprayiksenne
abessive sprayttänne sprayittänne
instructive
comitative sprayinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative spraynsä spraynsä
accusative nom. spraynsä spraynsä
gen. spraynsä
genitive spraynsä sprayidensä
sprayittensä
partitive spraytään
spraytänsä
sprayitään
sprayitänsä
inessive sprayssään
sprayssänsä
sprayissään
sprayissänsä
elative spraystään
spraystänsä
sprayistään
sprayistänsä
illative sprayhinsä
sprayhynsä
sprayihinsä
adessive sprayllään
sprayllänsä
sprayillään
sprayillänsä
ablative sprayltään
sprayltänsä
sprayiltään
sprayiltänsä
allative spraylleen
sprayllensä
sprayilleen
sprayillensä
essive spraynään
spraynänsä
sprayinään
sprayinänsä
translative spraykseen
sprayksensä
sprayikseen
sprayiksensä
abessive sprayttään
sprayttänsä
sprayittään
sprayittänsä
instructive
comitative sprayineen
sprayinensä

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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French

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Noun

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spray m (plural sprays)

  1. spray can

Hungarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From English spray.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈspreː], [ˈspreːj], [ˈʃpreː], [ˈʃpreːj]
  • Hyphenation: spray
  • Rhymes: -reː, -eːj

Noun

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spray (plural spray-k)

  1. spray (commercial product dispensed from a container)

Declension

[edit]
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative spray spray-k
accusative spray-t spray-ket
dative spray-nek spray-knek
instrumental spray-vel spray-kkel
causal-final spray-ért spray-kért
translative spray-vé spray-kké
terminative spray-ig spray-kig
essive-formal spray-ként spray-kként
essive-modal
inessive spray-ben spray-kben
superessive spray-n spray-ken
adessive spray-nél spray-knél
illative spray-be spray-kbe
sublative spray-re spray-kre
allative spray-hez spray-khez
elative spray-ből spray-kből
delative spray-ről spray-kről
ablative spray-től spray-ktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
spray-é spray-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
spray-éi spray-kéi
Possessive forms of spray
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. spray-m spray-im
2nd person sing. spray-d spray-id
3rd person sing. spray-je spray-i
1st person plural spray-nk spray-ink
2nd person plural spray-tek spray-itek
3rd person plural spray-jük spray-ik

Derived terms

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English *spræġ, sprei (found in place names such as that of Spreyton, England), of unknown origin.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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spray (plural sprayes)

  1. branch, shoot, or twig of a tree

Descendants

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References

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Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology 1

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From English spray.

Noun

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spray m (definite singular sprayen, indefinite plural sprayer, definite plural sprayene)

  1. spray
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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spray

  1. imperative of spraye

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From English spray.

Noun

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spray m (definite singular sprayen, indefinite plural sprayar, definite plural sprayane)

  1. spray

Derived terms

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References

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Polish

[edit]
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
spraye

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English spray.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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spray m inan

  1. spray (fine, gentle, dispersed mist of liquid)
  2. aerosol spray (liquid commercial product sold in a spray container)

Declension

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Derived terms

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verb
[edit]
noun

Further reading

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  • spray in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pt

Alternative forms

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  • (Brazilian pronunciation spelling) esprei

Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English spray.

Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /isˈpɾej/ [isˈpɾeɪ̯], /ˈspɾej/ [ˈspɾeɪ̯]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /iʃˈpɾej/ [iʃˈpɾeɪ̯], /ˈspɾej/ [ˈspɾeɪ̯]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈspɾej/ [ˈspɾeɪ̯], /isˈpɾej/ [isˈpɾeɪ̯]
 

Noun

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spray m (plural sprays)

  1. spray; atomizer (pressurised container with a nozzle that lets out a spray)
    Synonyms: atomizador, aerossol, pulverizador
  2. spray (fine, gentle, disperse mist of liquid)
    Synonym: borrifo

Romanian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English spray.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sprej/
  • IPA(key): /ʃprej/ – folk common pronunciation.
  • Rhymes: -ej
  • Hyphenation: spray

Noun

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spray n (plural sprayuri)

  1. spray

Declension

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Spanish

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English spray.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /esˈpɾai/ [esˈpɾai̯]
  • IPA(key): /esˈpɾei/ [esˈpɾei̯]

Noun

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spray m (plural sprays or spray)

  1. Alternative form of espray

Usage notes

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According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Further reading

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Swedish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English spray. Attested since 1920.

Noun

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spray c

  1. spray (especially when sprayed from a spray can or spray bottle or the like)

Declension

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Declension of spray 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative spray sprayen sprayer sprayerna
Genitive sprays sprayens sprayers sprayernas

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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