Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sóh₂wl̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*sóh₂wl̥ n^[1]

sun

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*sóh₂wl̥
genitive	*sh₂wéns
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sóh₂wl̥	—	—
vocative	*sóh₂wl̥	—	—
accusative	*sóh₂wl̥	—	—
genitive	*sh₂wéns	—	—
ablative	*sh₂wéns	—	—
dative	*sh₂wéney	—	—
locative	sh₂wén, sh₂wéni	—	—
instrumental	*sh₂wénh₁	—	—

Alternative reconstructions

*séh₂wl̥ ~ *sh₂wéns^[2]^[3]
*suh₂él ~ *suh₂éns^[4]
*séh₂wōl ~ *sh₂úns^[5]

Derived terms

*séh₂ul-ih₂ ~ *sh₂ul-yéh₂-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sáuˀlijāˀ f (see there for further descendants)
*séh₂wōl (*séh₂wol-s) ~ *suh₂l-és (< *sh₂ul-és) (< *séh₂wel ~ *sh₂wéns)
- Proto-Celtic: *sāwūl ~ sūlos f (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *s(u)wol m^[4]^[2] (< leveled *suh₂ṓl ~ *suh₂lés)
  - Latin: sōl ~ sōlis m (see there for further descendants)
*sh₂ul-ḗn ~ *sh₂ul-nés or *séh₂ul-ō ~ *sh₂ul-nés
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *súlˀnis f (< *sh₂uln-í-s) (see there for further descendants)
*sh₂un-tero-s
- Proto-Germanic: *sunþraz (“south”) (see there for further descendants)
*sh₂un-wó-s
- Proto-Germanic: *sunnaz
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *sunnǭ (see there for further descendants)
*sh₂wél-(i)-yos
- >? Proto-Anatolian: *saweliya-
  - Hittite: 𒀭𒌓𒇷𒄿𒀀 (^DUTU-li-ya)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hāwélios m (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Sanskrit: सूर्य m (sūrya) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒? Albanian: diell m
*suh₂n-tó-s
- Proto-Tocharian: *swāñco (“ray (of light), (sun) beam”)
  - Tocharian A: swāñce f
  - Tocharian B: swāñco f

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *súHar (< leveled *súh₂el ~ *suh₂éns^[4]) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *sōl (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 46
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sōl, sōlis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 570
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 206
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 88.3c, page 84
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 111

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 46

[EDL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sōl, sōlis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 570

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 206

[Sihler-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 88.3c, page 84

[5] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 111

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