Iunius

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Iūnō + -ius.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    Iūnius (feminine Iūnia, neuter Iūnium); first/second-declension adjective

    1. Of the Junian gens
    2. of June

    Usage notes

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    In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[1]

    The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[2] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[3]

    Declension

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    First/second-declension adjective.

    Number Singular Plural
    Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative Iūnius Iūnia Iūnium Iūniī Iūniae Iūnia
    Genitive Iūniī Iūniae Iūniī Iūniōrum Iūniārum Iūniōrum
    Dative Iūniō Iūniō Iūniīs
    Accusative Iūnium Iūniam Iūnium Iūniōs Iūniās Iūnia
    Ablative Iūniō Iūniā Iūniō Iūniīs
    Vocative Iūnie Iūnia Iūnium Iūniī Iūniae Iūnia

    Proper noun

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    Iūnius m (genitive Iūniī or Iūnī); second declension

    1. Junius; a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name".
    2. June (short for mēnsis Iūnius)

    Declension

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    Second-declension noun.

    Case Singular Plural
    Nominative Iūnius Iūniī
    Genitive Iūniī
    Iūnī1     		Iūniōrum
    Dative Iūniō Iūniīs
    Accusative Iūnium Iūniōs
    Ablative Iūniō Iūniīs
    Vocative Iūnī Iūniī

    1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

    Descendants

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    Unsorted borrowings

    These borrowings are ultimately but perhaps not directly from Latin. They are organized into geographical and language family groups, not by etymology.

    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
    2. ^ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
    3. ^ Frost, P. (1861) The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161
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