Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gulþą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *ǵʰĺ̥h₃-to-m (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). Compare Proto-Slavic *zolto, Proto-Baltic *želtas, whence Latvian zelts. Disputed relation to *geldaną (“to pay”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣul.θɑ̃/

Noun

*gulþą n

1. gold

Inflection

The plural has the voiced Verner alternant, from an old Indo-European collective noun.

neuter a-stemDeclension of *gulþą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gulþą	*guldō
vocative	*gulþą	*guldō
accusative	*gulþą	*guldō
genitive	*gulþas, *gulþis	*guldǫ̂
dative	*gulþai	*guldamaz
instrumental	*gulþō	*guldamiz

Derived terms

• *gulþīnaz
• *gulþijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *golþ
  • Old English: gold
    • Middle English: gold
      • English: gold
      • Scots: gowd, goold
  • Old Frisian: gold, goud
    • Saterland Frisian: Gould
    • West Frisian: goud
  • Old Saxon: gold
    • Middle Low German: golt
      • German Low German: Gold
      • Plautdietsch: Golt
  • Old Dutch: golt, gold
    • Middle Dutch: gout
      • Dutch: goud
        • Afrikaans: goud
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: gautu
        • Negerhollands: gaut, goud, gout
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: gaut
        • → Sranan Tongo: gowtu
          • → Caribbean Javanese: gautu
          • → Saramaccan: góútu
          • → Trió: koutu
      • Limburgish: góldj
  • Old High German: gold
    • Middle High German: golt
      • Alemannic German: Gold
      • Bavarian: Goid, Golt

        Cimbrian: gold, golt (Sette Comuni)

        Mòcheno: golt

      • Central Franconian:

        Hunsrik: Gold

        Luxembourgish: Gold

      • East Central German:

        Vilamovian: gułd

      • East Franconian:
      • German: Gold
      • Rhine Franconian: Gold

        Frankfurterisch: [g̥olt]

        Pennsylvania German: Gold

      • Yiddish: גאָלד (gold)
• Old Norse: gull
  • Icelandic: gull n
  • Faroese: gull n
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gull n
  • Old Swedish: gull n
    • Swedish: gull, guld n
  • Old Danish:
    • Danish: guld n
      • Norwegian Bokmål: gull n
      • → Greenlandic: kuulti
  • Gutnish: gull n
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌸 (gulþ)
• Crimean Gothic: goltz
• → Proto-Finnic: *kulta (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Samic: *kollē (see there for further descendants)