谷
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Translingual
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Han character
[edit]谷 (Kangxi radical 150, 谷+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 金人口 (COR), four-corner 80608, composition ⿳八人口)
- Kangxi radical #150, ⾕.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/谷
- 俗, 𠗖, 唂, 﨏, 峪, 𢂲, 𢓾, 𪫹, 浴, 𤞞, 䧍, 逧, 𣃺, 㭲, 焀, 𤥫, 𥙿, 𦛱, 𭻗, 䀰, 硲, 𥪉, 裕, 綌(绤), 䎥, 𮎐, 𧋉, 𧣳, 䛦, 䞱, 𨁖, 輍, 鋊, 𮓧, 𩣥, 𬴒, 𩷝, 𪁴, 𪑌
- 𭃣, 卻, 郤, 𢼽, 欲, 㞃, 𤭏, 𣍂, 𬢗, 𨿜, 鵒(鹆), 𭆮, 𣴲, 𪚡, 容, 𭖦, 𫈅, 𫨊, 𪊿, 䘱
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1189, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36182
- Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3902, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8C37
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 谷 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) — valley (口) in between two mountains.
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
谷 |
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; gorge”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung) and Tibetan ལུང་པ (lung pa).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kuk
- Eastern Min (BUC): gók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7koq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
- Wade–Giles: ku3
- Yale: gǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: guk1
- Yale: gūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: guk7
- Guangdong Romanization: gug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: guuk2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɵk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kuk
- Hakka Romanization System: gugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gug5
- Sinological IPA: /kuk̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gók
- Sinological IPA (key): /kouʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]谷
- valley; gorge; ravine
- 孔明棄車步行。忽到一山,望見一谷,形如長蛇,皆危峭石壁,並無樹木。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Kǒng Míng qì chē bùxíng. Hū dào yī shān, wàngjiàn yī gǔ, xíng rú cháng shé, jiē wēiqiào shíbì, bìng wú shùmù. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
孔明弃车步行。忽到一山,望见一谷,形如长蛇,皆危峭石壁,并无树木。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- river or stream between two mountains; (in general) stream or river
- (figurative) difficult position; predicament
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 下谷坪 (Xiàgǔpíng)
- 中谷有蓷
- 伊犁縱谷/伊犁纵谷
- 低谷 (dīgǔ)
- 出谷遷喬/出谷迁乔
- 函谷關/函谷关 (Hángǔ Guān)
- 包谷 (bāogǔ)
- 包谷花
- 千巖萬谷/千岩万谷
- 厓谷
- 合谷
- 嘴答谷
- 壑谷
- 大峽谷/大峡谷 (Dàxiágǔ)
- 太谷
- 太谷燈/太谷灯
- 如臨淵谷/如临渊谷
- 如臨深谷/如临深谷
- 山棲谷飲/山栖谷饮
- 山谷 (shāngǔ)
- 峽谷/峡谷 (xiágǔ)
- 崤谷
- 嶰谷
- 巔崖峻谷/巅崖峻谷
- 巖居谷飲/岩居谷饮
- 幽棲巖谷/幽栖岩谷
- 幽谷 (yōugǔ)
- 府谷 (Fǔgǔ)
- 張谷英/张谷英 (Zhānggǔyīng)
- 悲谷
- 愚公谷
- 斜谷
- 新鶯出谷/新莺出谷
- 方濟谷派/方济谷派
- 昧谷
- 暘谷/旸谷
- 曼谷 (Màngǔ)
- 泥封函谷
- 河谷 (hégǔ)
- 波谷 (bōgǔ)
- 海底峽谷/海底峡谷
- 海谷
- 深山窮谷/深山穷谷 (shēnshānqiónggǔ)
- 深谷 (shēngǔ)
- 溺谷
- 溪谷 (xīgǔ)
- 滿坑滿谷/满坑满谷
- 澥谷
- 甘谷 (Gāngǔ)
- 白駒空谷/白驹空谷
- 百谷王
- 盤谷/盘谷 (Pángǔ)
- 矽谷 (Xīgǔ)
- 硅谷 (Guīgǔ)
- 硫磺谷
- 禺谷
- 穹谷
- 空谷
- 空谷傳聲/空谷传声
- 空谷傳響/空谷传响
- 空谷幽蘭/空谷幽兰
- 空谷足音
- 縱谷/纵谷 (zōnggǔ)
- 膠萊谷地/胶莱谷地
- 蒙谷
- 藏南縱谷/藏南纵谷
- 虛懷若谷/虚怀若谷 (xūhuáiruògǔ)
- 裂谷
- 西谷椰子
- 西谷米 (xīgǔmǐ)
- 谷中谷
- 谷口 (gǔkǒu)
- 谷口耕岩
- 谷地 (gǔdì)
- 谷底 (gǔdǐ)
- 谷樹皮/谷树皮
- 谷灣/谷湾
- 谷蠡 (lùlí)
- 谷谷
- 谷都
- 谷風/谷风 (gǔfēng)
- 谷飲/谷饮
- 谿谷 (xīgǔ)
- 跌至谷底
- 通谷 (tōnggǔ)
- 進退維谷/进退维谷 (jìntuìwéigǔ)
- 金谷
- 金谷園/金谷园
- 金谷墮樓/金谷堕楼
- 金谷酒數/金谷酒数
- 陵谷 (línggǔ)
- 隆河谷地
- 陽谷/阳谷
- 雲谷/云谷
- 飛谷/飞谷
- 高岸深谷
- 鬼谷子 (Guǐgǔzǐ)
- 鶯谷/莺谷
- 鹿谷 (Lùgǔ)
- 鹿谷鄉/鹿谷乡
- 黍谷生春
Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
谷 | |
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alternative forms | 唂 䏱 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: guk1
- Yale: gūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: guk7
- Guangdong Romanization: gug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]谷 (Cantonese)
- to pressure
- to hasten; to boost
- to cause to swell by pressuring
- to hold back or conceal negative emotions or feelings
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]simp. and trad. |
谷 |
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From English group. Doublet of group.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: guk1
- Yale: gūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: guk7
- Guangdong Romanization: gug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]谷
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, social media, Internet slang) group (Classifier: 個/个 c)
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]simp. and trad. |
谷 |
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Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yù
- Wade–Giles: yü4
- Yale: yù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: juk6
- Yale: yuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: juk9
- Guangdong Romanization: yug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: yowk
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·loːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]谷
- Only used in 吐谷渾/吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”) and 谷渾/谷浑 (Yùhún, “surname”).
Etymology 5
[edit]simp. and trad. |
谷 |
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Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lù
- Wade–Giles: lu4
- Yale: lù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
- Palladius: лу (lu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: luk6
- Yale: luhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: luk9
- Guangdong Romanization: lug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: luwk
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦkroːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]谷
Etymology 6
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 谷 – see 穀 (“corn; grain; cereal; foxtail millet, the plant or the unhulled grain); etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 穀). |
Notes:
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC kuwk, “valley, gorge”):
- Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
- Kun: たに (tani, 谷, Jōyō); きわまる (kiwamaru, 谷まる)←きはまる (kifamaru, 谷まる, historical); や (ya, 谷); やつ (yatsu, 谷)
- Nanori: ひろ (hiro)
From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC yowk), as in 吐谷渾 (Toyokukon, “Tuyuhun”):
From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC luwk), as in 谷蠡 (Rokuri):
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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谷 |
たに Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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渓 谿 |
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)
- a trough (low portion of a wave cycle)
- an intersection of two receding roof slopes
Derived terms
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a surname
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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谷 |
やつ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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谷津 |
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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谷 |
や Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Possibly a shift from yatsu above.
Noun
[edit]- a valley
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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谷 |
やち Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Alternative spellings |
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谷地 野地 |
Variant shift from yatsu above.
Noun
[edit]- (regional) Same as やつ (yatsu) above
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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谷 |
やと Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
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谷戸 |
Another variant shift from yatsu above.
Noun
[edit]- Same as やつ (yatsu) above
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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谷 |
Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
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迫 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
[edit]References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC kuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 곡 (kwok) (Yale: kwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC yowk). Recorded as Middle Korean 욕〮 (yók) (Yale: yok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]谷 (eumhun 나라 이름 욕 (nara ireum yok))
- (historical) hanja form? of 욕 (“Only used in 토욕혼 (吐谷渾, toyokhon, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”)”)
Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC luwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 록〮 (Yale: lwok) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Hanja
[edit]谷 (eumhun 벼슬 이름 록 (byeoseul ireum rok), word-initial (South Korea) 벼슬 이름 녹 (byeoseul ireum nok))
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]谷: Hán Nôm readings: cốc, góc, hốc, dục, thung, lủng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading よく
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- ja:Landforms
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