緩
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See also: 缓
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]緩 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女火月一水 (VFBME), four-corner 22947, composition ⿰糹爰)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 931, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27669
- Dae Jaweon: page 1369, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3429, character 10
- Unihan data for U+7DE9
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 緩 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 缓 | |
alternative forms | 𦅻 𦇻 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɢʷaːnʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): huan3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fon3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): huan2
- Northern Min (KCR): hūing
- Eastern Min (BUC): huâng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5uoe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): honn3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huǎn
- Wade–Giles: huan3
- Yale: hwǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoan
- Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯än²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: huan3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuan⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wun6 / wun4
- Yale: wuhn / wùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: wun6 / wun4
- Guangdong Romanization: wun6 / wun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /wuːn²²/, /wuːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fon5
- Sinological IPA (key): /fᵘɔn³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fon3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɵn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fon / fón
- Hakka Romanization System: fon / fonˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fon4 / fon3
- Sinological IPA: /fon⁵⁵/, /fon³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: huan2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuæ̃⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hūing
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn
- Tâi-lô: huǎn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
- Tâi-lô: huān
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oān
- Tâi-lô: uān
- Phofsit Daibuun: oan
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- hoǎn/hoān - literary;
- oǎn/oān - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huêng2 / huang2 / mang7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huéng / huáng / māng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hueŋ⁵²/, /huaŋ⁵²/, /maŋ¹¹/
Note:
- huêng2/huang2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou);
- mang7 - semantic (訓讀) (original character is 慢).
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 緩 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /xuan²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /xuan²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /xuan¹³/ | |
Jinan | /xuã⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /xuã⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /xuan⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /xuã⁵³/ | |
Xining | /xuã⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /xuan⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /xuɛ̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /xuan⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /xuan⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /xuan⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /xuan⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /xuã̠⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /xuaŋ²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /xʊ̃²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /xuæ̃⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /xuɑŋ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /xuæ̃⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /uø³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /uø⁵¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔuõ⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /jy³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /xuɛ³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /xuːə³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xõ⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ɦɔn⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /fɵn²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /fan¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /fon⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wun²¹/ |
Nanning | /wun³⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /wun²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /huan²²/ /uan²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huɑŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xuiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /maŋ³¹/ 訓讀 | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /nuaŋ³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: hwanX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤa[n]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷaːnʔ/
Definitions
[edit]緩
- loose; slack
- relaxed; not tense
- slow; leisurely; unhurried
- to postpone; to delay; to have a pause
- to recuperate; to revive
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- 展緩/展缓 (zhǎnhuǎn)
- 延宕 (yándàng) (literary)
- 延延 (Hokkien)
- 延後/延后 (yánhòu)
- 延期 (yánqī)
- 延緩/延缓 (yánhuǎn)
- 延誤/延误 (yánwù)
- 延遲/延迟 (yánchí)
- 拖 (tuō)
- 拖宕 (tuōdàng)
- 拖延 (tuōyán)
- 拖拉 (tuōlā)
- 拖磨 (tuōmó) (literary)
- 拖逗 (tuōdòu) (literary)
- 挨 (ái)
- 挨延 (Hokkien)
- 挨稽 (Hokkien)
- 挨臺/挨台 (ngai2 tai2) (Sichuanese)
- 推宕 (tuīdàng) (literary)
- 推延 (tuīyán)
- 捱延 (Hokkien)
- 捱稽 (Hokkien)
- 推遲/推迟 (tuīchí)
- 暫緩/暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
- 稽延 (jīyán) (literary)
- 耗 (regional)
- 耽延 (dānyán)
- 耽擱/耽搁
- 耽誤/耽误
- 貽誤/贻误 (yíwù)
- 遷延/迁延 (qiānyán) (literary)
- 遲延/迟延 (chíyán)
- 遲滯/迟滞 (chízhì)
- 順延/顺延 (shùnyán)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “slow”): 急 (jí)
- (antonym(s) of “to postpone”):
Compounds
[edit]- 事緩則圓/事缓则圆
- 刻不容緩/刻不容缓 (kèbùrónghuǎn)
- 和緩/和缓 (héhuǎn)
- 嘽緩/啴缓 (chǎnhuǎn)
- 坦緩/坦缓
- 展緩/展缓 (zhǎnhuǎn)
- 平流緩進/平流缓进
- 平緩/平缓 (pínghuǎn)
- 延緩/延缓 (yánhuǎn)
- 弛緩/弛缓 (chíhuǎn)
- 徐緩/徐缓
- 怠緩/怠缓
- 急脈緩受/急脉缓受
- 放緩/放缓 (fànghuǎn)
- 暫緩/暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
- 減緩/减缓 (jiǎnhuǎn)
- 緩一步/缓一步
- 緩不濟急/缓不济急 (huǎnbùjìjí)
- 緩兵之計/缓兵之计 (huǎnbīngzhījì)
- 緩刑/缓刑 (huǎnxíng)
- 緩勁/缓劲
- 緩勁兒/缓劲儿
- 緩化劑/缓化剂
- 緩召/缓召
- 緩和/缓和 (huǎnhé)
- 緩和劑/缓和剂
- 緩坡/缓坡
- 緩帶/缓带
- 緩役/缓役
- 緩徵/缓征
- 緩性/缓性
- 緩急/缓急 (huǎnjí)
- 緩急相濟/缓急相济
- 緩急輕重/缓急轻重
- 緩悠悠/缓悠悠
- 緩慢/缓慢 (huǎnmàn)
- 緩期/缓期 (huǎnqī)
- 緩步/缓步 (huǎnbù)
- 緩步代車/缓步代车
- 緩步徐行/缓步徐行
- 緩步細搖/缓步细摇
- 緩氣/缓气
- 緩決/缓决
- 緩瀉/缓泻
- 緩緩/缓缓 (huǎnhuǎn)
- 緩緩/缓缓
- 緩緩而行/缓缓而行
- 緩行/缓行 (huǎnxíng)
- 緩衝/缓冲 (huǎnchōng)
- 緩衝區/缓冲区 (huǎnchōngqū)
- 緩衝地帶/缓冲地带
- 緩解/缓解 (huǎnjiě)
- 緩議/缓议
- 緩限/缓限
- 緩韁/缓缰
- 緩頰/缓颊
- 舒緩/舒缓 (shūhuǎn)
- 趨緩/趋缓 (qūhuǎn)
- 蹇緩/蹇缓
- 輕裘緩帶/轻裘缓带
- 輕重緩急/轻重缓急 (qīngzhònghuǎnjí)
- 迂緩/迂缓
- 遲緩/迟缓 (chíhuǎn)
- 闡緩/阐缓
- 陰緩/阴缓
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 緩 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
緩󠄁 緩+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
![]() |
緩󠄃 緩+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]緩
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: がん (gan)←ぐわん (gwan, historical)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←くわん (kwan, historical)
- Kun: ゆるい (yurui, 緩い, Jōyō); ゆるむ (yurumu, 緩む, Jōyō); ゆるめる (yurumeru, 緩める, Jōyō); ゆるやか (yuruyaka, 緩やか, Jōyō); ゆっくり (yukkuri)
- Nanori: のぶ (nobu); ひろ (hiro); ふさ (fusa); やす (yasu)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
緩 |
かん Grade: S |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 緩 (MC hwanX).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]緩 • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?-na (adnominal 緩な (kan na), adverbial 緩に (kan ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 緩
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 緩だろ | かんだろ | kan daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 緩で | かんで | kan de |
Terminal (終止形) | 緩だ | かんだ | kan da |
Attributive (連体形) | 緩な | かんな | kan na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 緩なら | かんなら | kan nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 緩であれ | かんであれ | kan de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 緩ではない 緩じゃない |
かんではない かんじゃない |
kan de wa nai kan ja nai |
Informal past | 緩だった | かんだった | kan datta |
Informal negative past | 緩ではなかった 緩じゃなかった |
かんではなかった かんじゃなかった |
kan de wa nakatta kan ja nakatta |
Formal | 緩です | かんです | kan desu |
Formal negative | 緩ではありません 緩じゃありません |
かんではありません かんじゃありません |
kan de wa arimasen kan ja arimasen |
Formal past | 緩でした | かんでした | kan deshita |
Formal negative past | 緩ではありませんでした 緩じゃありませんでした |
かんではありませんでした かんじゃありませんでした |
kan de wa arimasen deshita kan ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 緩で | かんで | kan de |
Conditional | 緩なら(ば) | かんなら(ば) | kan nara (ba) |
Provisional | 緩だったら | かんだったら | kan dattara |
Volitional | 緩だろう | かんだろう | kan darō |
Adverbial | 緩に | かんに | kan ni |
Degree | 緩さ | かんさ | kansa |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]緩 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]緩: Hán Nôm readings: hoãn, hoán
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading くわん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆる・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆる・む
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆる・める
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆる・やか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆっくり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のぶ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ふさ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading やす
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