忍
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 忍 |
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Simplified | 忍 |
Japanese | 忍 |
Korean | 忍 |
Han character
[edit]忍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 17332, composition ⿱刃心)
Derived characters
[edit]- 𠗋, 𠴍, 𡝖, 𢂻, 𢚴, 𢭝, 涊, 𭸑, 梕, 𤉃, 㸾, 䏰, 𥚆, 𥆾, 𫀷, 𪞹, 𪪄, 綛, 𦓖, 𦖆, 𬠍, 𧖷, 認, 躵, 𨧟, 𨲅, 𢠗, 𩈢, 𩊫, 𥊟, 𪐁
- 𫻉, 荵, 𭞂, 𩇻, 𤶝
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
- Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2271, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5FCD
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 忍 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 忍 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 忍 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *njɯnʔ) : phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Etymology
[edit]- “to bear, to endure, to suffer”
- From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan ཉན་པ (nyan pa, “to be able”) (Schuessler (2007)). See also perhaps 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ, “able, capable”).
- “cruel”
- From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan གཉན་པ (gnyan pa, “cruel, fierce, severe”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ren3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): жын (řɨn, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyiin3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): reng2
- Northern Min (KCR): něng
- Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄ng / nūng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gnin; 6zen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ren3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rěn
- Wade–Giles: jên3
- Yale: rěn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reen
- Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐən²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ren3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
- Sinological IPA (key): /zən⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: жын (řɨn, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐəŋ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jan5 / jan2
- Yale: yáhn / yán
- Cantonese Pinyin: jan5 / jan2
- Guangdong Romanization: yen5 / yen2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐn¹³/, /jɐn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡin²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyiin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲɨn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiûn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiunˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiun1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯un²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: reng2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: něng
- Sinological IPA (key): /neiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄ng / nūng
- Sinological IPA (key): /yŋ³³/, /nˡuŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ṳ̄ng - literary;
- nūng - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
- Tâi-lô: lím
- Phofsit Daibuun: liem
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jím
- Tâi-lô: jím
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiem
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
Note:
- lím/jím - literary;
- lún - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lung2 / nung2 / rim2 / rêng2 / ring2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lúng / núng / jím / jéng / jíng
- Sinological IPA (key): /luŋ⁵²/, /nuŋ⁵²/, /d͡zim⁵²/, /d͡zeŋ⁵²/, /d͡ziŋ⁵²/
Note:
- lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou);
- nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang);
- rim2 - literary (Chaozhou);
- rêng2 - literary (Jieyang);
- ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang).
Note:
- 3nyin - colloquial;
- 3zen - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ren3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐən⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 忍 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐən²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /ʐən²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /in¹³/ /ʐən¹³/ | |
Jinan | /ʐẽ⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /iə̃⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʐən⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /ʐẽ⁵³/ | |
Xining | /ʐə̃⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʐəŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /nən⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /zən⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /zen⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /ʐə̃⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /ʐən²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /ʐən²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /zəŋ⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /ʐəŋ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /zən³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /zen¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵaŋ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /niʌ̃³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /ȵin²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʐən⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /in⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵɨn²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiun⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐn³⁵/ |
Nanning | /jɐn²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /jɐn³⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lim⁵³/ /lun⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yŋ³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /neiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /zim⁵³/ /luŋ⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /zin²¹³/ /zun²¹³/ /nun²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: nyinX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nə[n]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*njɯnʔ/
Definitions
[edit]忍
- to endure; to bear; to suffer
- 人皆有所不忍,達之於其所忍,仁也。人皆有所不為,達之於其所為,義也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Rén jiē yǒu suǒbùrěn, dá zhī yú qí suǒrěn, rén yě. Rén jiē yǒu suǒbùwéi, dá zhī yú qí suǒwéi, yì yě. [Pinyin]
- All men have some things which they cannot bear; extend that feeling to what they can bear, and humaneness will be the result. All men have some things which they will not do; extend that feeling to the things which they do, and righteousness will be the result.
人皆有所不忍,达之于其所忍,仁也。人皆有所不为,达之于其所为,义也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to forbear
- 子曰:「巧言亂德,小不忍則亂大謀。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐyuē: “Qiǎoyán luàn dé, xiǎobùrěn zé luàn dàmóu.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Crafty words confound virtue. Want of forbearance in small matters confounds great plans."
子曰:「巧言乱德,小不忍则乱大谋。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to have the heart to; to be hardhearted enough to
- (literary) cruel; callous
- 維此良人、弗求弗迪。
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wéi cǐ liángrén, fúqiú fúdí.
Wéi bǐ rěnxīn, shìgù shìfù. [Pinyin] - Here is a good man, but he is not sought out nor employed.
There is a cruel-hearted man, and he is thought of and promoted once and again.
維彼忍心、是顧是復。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
维此良人、弗求弗迪。
维彼忍心、是顾是复。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- (to endure):
- (to have the heart to): 忍心 (rěnxīn)
- (cruel):
- 兇惡/凶恶 (xiōng'è)
- 兇殘/凶残 (xiōngcán)
- 兇狠/凶狠 (xiōnghěn)
- 兇猛/凶猛 (xiōngměng)
- 兇險/凶险 (xiōngxiǎn)
- 凶暴 (xiōngbào)
- 厲害/厉害 (lìhài)
- 嚴酷/严酷 (yánkù)
- 強暴/强暴 (qiángbào)
- 惡勢/恶势 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 惡毒/恶毒 (èdú)
- 惡狠狠/恶狠狠 (èhěnhěn)
- 慘/惨 (cǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 暴力 (bàolì)
- 暴戾 (bàolì) (literary)
- 暴虐 (bàonüè)
- 暴躁 (bàozào)
- 殘/残 (cán) (literary,or in compounds)
- 殘忍/残忍 (cánrěn)
- 殘暴/残暴 (cánbào)
- 殘酷/残酷 (cánkù)
- 毒辣 (dúlà)
- 烏心/乌心 (Min Nan)
- 狠心 (hěnxīn)
- 狠毒 (hěndú)
- 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
- 猙獰/狰狞 (zhēngníng)
- 粗殘/粗残 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 辣 (là)
- 酷烈 (kùliè)
- 野蠻/野蛮 (yěmán)
- 陰功/阴功 (jam1 gung1) (Cantonese)
- 險惡/险恶 (xiǎn'è)
- 黑心 (hēixīn)
Compounds
[edit]- 不忍 (bùrěn)
- 不忍下手
- 不忍人之心 (bù rěn rén zhī xīn)
- 不忍坐視/不忍坐视 (bùrěnzuòshì)
- 不忍心
- 不忍言 (bùrěnyán)
- 不忍釋手/不忍释手
- 動心忍性/动心忍性
- 包羞忍恥/包羞忍耻
- 含垢忍恥/含垢忍耻
- 含垢忍辱
- 含悲忍淚/含悲忍泪
- 含羞忍辱
- 吞聲忍氣/吞声忍气
- 吞聲忍讓/吞声忍让
- 堅忍/坚忍 (jiānrěn)
- 堅忍不拔/坚忍不拔
- 容忍 (róngrěn)
- 弘忍
- 強忍/强忍 (qiǎngrěn)
- 忍不住 (rěnbùzhù)
- 忍俊不禁 (rěnjùnbùjīn)
- 忍冬 (rěndōng)
- 忍受 (rěnshòu)
- 忍垢
- 忍垢偷生
- 忍尤含詬/忍尤含诟
- 忍心 (rěnxīn)
- 忍心害理
- 忍性
- 忍恥偷生/忍耻偷生
- 忍恥含垢/忍耻含垢
- 忍恥含羞/忍耻含羞
- 忍氣吞聲/忍气吞声 (rěnqìtūnshēng)
- 忍無可忍/忍无可忍 (rěnwúkěrěn)
- 忍田
- 忍痛 (rěntòng)
- 忍石
- 忍者 (rěnzhě)
- 忍者龜/忍者龟
- 忍耐 (rěnnài)
- 忍術/忍术 (rěnshù)
- 忍讓/忍让 (rěnràng)
- 忍辱 (rěnrǔ)
- 忍辱偷生 (rěnrǔtōushēng)
- 忍辱含垢
- 忍辱含羞
- 忍辱求全
- 忍辱負重/忍辱负重 (rěnrǔfùzhòng)
- 忍飢挨餓/忍饥挨饿
- 忍饑受渴/忍饥受渴
- 忍饑受餓/忍饥受饿
- 忮忍
- 愛不忍釋/爱不忍释
- 慘不忍睹/惨不忍睹 (cǎnbùrěndǔ)
- 慘不忍聞/惨不忍闻
- 於心不忍/于心不忍
- 於心何忍/于心何忍 (yúxīnhérěn)
- 殘忍/残忍 (cánrěn)
- 氣忍聲吞/气忍声吞
- 濡忍
- 猜忍
- 痛不堪忍
- 百忍
- 目不忍睹
- 目不忍視/目不忍视
- 相忍為國/相忍为国
- 聲吞氣忍/声吞气忍
- 能忍自安
- 落忍
- 隱忍/隐忍 (yǐnrěn)
- 難以忍受/难以忍受
- 難忍/难忍 (nánrěn)
Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: nhịn
References
[edit]- “忍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 忍 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
忍󠄁 忍+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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忍󠄄 忍+ 󠄄 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]忍
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: じん (jin)
- Kun: しのぶ (shinobu, 忍ぶ, Jōyō); しのばせる (shinobaseru, 忍ばせる, Jōyō)
- Nanori: おし (oshi); しの (shino); しのぶ (shinobu); たう (tau); たふ (tafu)
Compounds
[edit]- 勘忍 (kannin)
- 堅忍 (kennin)
- 堅忍不抜 (kenninfubatsu)
- 堪え忍ぶ (taeshinobu)
- 堪忍 (kannin)
- 堪忍袋 (kanninbukuro)
- 忍ばせる (shinobaseru)
- 忍びやか (shinobiyaka)
- 忍び入る (shinobiiru)
- 忍び声 (shinobigoe)
- 忍び寄る (shinobiyoru)
- 忍び泣き (shinobinaki)
- 忍び泣く (shinobinaku)
- 忍び笑い (shinobiwarai)
- 忍び足 (shinobiashi)
- 忍び込む (shinobikomu)
- 忍び逢い (shinobiai)
- 忍び難い (shinobigatai)
- 忍び音 (shinobine)
- 忍ぶ (shinobu)
- 忍従 (ninjū)
- 忍法 (ninpō)
- 忍者 (ninja)
- 忍耐 (nintai)
- 忍耐力 (nintairyoku)
- 忍耐強い (nintaizuyoi)
- 忍苦 (ninku)
- 忍術 (ninjutsu)
- 恋い忍ぶ (koishinobu)
- 押忍 (osu), 押忍 (ossu)
- 残忍 (zannin)
- 耐え忍ぶ (taeshinobu)
- 隠忍 (innin)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
忍 |
しの(ぶ) Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Noun
[edit]- squirrel's foot fern, Davallia mariesii
- Synonym: 忍草 (shinobu-gusa)
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).
Proper noun
[edit]- a unisex given name
- a surname
References
[edit]- ^ “忍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [in]
- Phonetic hangul: [인]
Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]忍: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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