ḫmtw

Egyptian

Egyptian numbers ^(edit)

	30
←  2	𓏼 3	4  →
Cardinal: ḫmtw     Ordinal: ḫmtnw     Adverbial: ḫmtw zpw     Distributive: ḫmtw ḫmtw     Fractional: r ḫmtw

Etymology

Perhaps related to Guanche amiat.

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈχamtaw/ → /ˈχamtaw/ → /ˈχamtə/ → /ˈχamt/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχamtaw/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχamtaw/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχamtə/; compare the Akkadian transcription in Middle Babylonian 𒄩𒂔𒌈 (ḫa-am-tu₄ /⁠ḫamtu⁠/)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχamt/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛmɛtuː/
  • Conventional anglicization: khemetu

Numeral

1. three

Inflection

ḫmtw is the first Egyptian numeral to belong to an autonomous numeral part of speech (originally a singular noun) rather than being an adjective.

Declension of ḫmtw

	masculine	feminine
singular	ḫmtw	ḫmtt

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫmtw  

ḫmtw

• 𒄩𒂔𒌈 (ḫa-am-tu₄ /⁠ḫamtu⁠/) (14^th BCE cuneiform)

Derived terms

• ḫmt (“triple (verb)”)
• ḫmt-rw (“three-quarters”)

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ḫmtw
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲁⲙⲧ (xamt)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲟⲙⲧ (šomt)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲁⲙⲧ (šamt)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲁⲙⲧ (šamt)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ (šomnt), ϣⲉⲙⲛⲧ (šemnt), ϣⲙⲛⲧ (šmnt), ϣⲟⲙⲧ (šomt)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 102.
• Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 71
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN