कोश

Hindi

Alternative forms

• कोष (koṣ)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कोश (kośa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /koːʃ/

Noun

कोश • (koś) m (Urdu spelling کوش)

1. treasury, store
2. dictionary, lexicon

   Synonym: शब्दकोश (śabdakoś)

Declension

Declension of कोश (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कोश koś	कोश koś
oblique	कोश koś	कोशों kośõ
vocative	कोश koś	कोशो kośo

Derived terms

• शब्दकोश (śabdakoś)
• विश्वकोश (viśvakoś)
• कोशिका (kośikā)
• कोशकला (kośaklā)
• ज्ञानकोष (jñānkoṣ)
• अंडकोष (aṇḍkoṣ)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• कोष (koṣa) — in Classical period

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কোশ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᭀᬰ (Balinese script)
• কোশ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰺𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑁄𑀰 (Brahmi script)
• ကောၐ (Burmese script)
• કોશ (Gujarati script)
• ਕੋਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍋𑌶 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦺꦴꦯ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂷𑂬 (Kaithi script)
• ಕೋಶ (Kannada script)
• កោឝ (Khmer script)
• ໂກຨ (Lao script)
• കോശ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠣᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘻𑘫 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠣᠸᠠᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧜𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑑀𑐱 (Newa script)
• କୋଶ (Odia script)
• ꢒꣂꢯ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆾𑆯 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖺𑖫 (Siddham script)
• කොශ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩕𑩿 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚴𑚧 (Takri script)
• கோஶ (Tamil script)
• కోశ (Telugu script)
• โกศ (Thai script)
• ཀོ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒼𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨆𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably from the verb कुश्यति (kuśyati, “to embrace, enfold”), related to कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly, interior”) and कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “viscera of the body”), or from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwćas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kówH-ḱo-s, probably from *(s)kewH-. Compare Kamkata-viri kuć, kyuć, Lithuanian káušas.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐw.ɕɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkoː.ɕɐ/

Noun

कोश • (kóśa) stem, m or n

1. cask, vessel for holding liquids, (metaphorically) cloud
   • RV 3.32.15

     आपूर्णो अस्य कलशः सवाहा सेक्तेव कोशं सिसिचे पिबध्यै |

     समु परिया आवव्र्त्रन मदाय परदक्षिणिदभि सोमासैन्द्रम ||

     āpūrṇo asya kalaśaḥ svāhā sekteva kośaṃ sisice pibadhyai |

     samu priyā āvavṛtran madāya pradakṣiṇidabhi somāsaindram||

     Full is his chalice: Glory! Like a pourer I have filled up the vessel for his drinking.

     Presented on the right, dear Soma juices have brought us Indra, to rejoice him, hither.

2. pail, bucket
   • RV 9.76.5

     वर्षेव यूथा परि कोशमर्षस्यपामुपस्थे वर्षभः कनिक्रदत |

     स इन्द्राय पवसे मत्सरिन्तमो यथा जेषाम समिथे तवोतयः ||

     vṛṣeva yūthā pari kośamarṣasyapāmupasthe vṛṣabhaḥ kanikradat |

     sa indrāya pavase matsarintamo yathā jeṣāma samithe tvotayaḥ ||

     Like as a bull to herds, thou flowest to the pail, bellowing as a steer upon the water's lap.

     So, best of Cheerers, thou for Indra flowest on that we, with thy protection, may o’ercome in fight.

3. drinking-vessel, cup
4. box, cupboard, drawer, trunk
   • RV 6.47.22

     परस्तोक इन नु राधसस्त इन्द्र दश कोशयीर्दश वाजिनो.अदात |

     दिवोदासादतिथिग्वस्य राधः शाम्बरं वसु परत्यग्रभीष्म ||

     prastoka in nu rādhasasta indra daśa kośayīrdaśa vājino.adāt |

     divodāsādatithighvasya rādhaḥ śāmbaraṃ vasu pratyaghrabhīṣma ||

     Out of thy bounty, Indra, hath Prastoka bestowed ten coffers and ten mettled horses.

     We have received in turn from Divodāsa Śambara's wealth, the gift of Atithigva.

5. the interior or inner part of a carriage
6. sheath, scabbard
7. case, covering, cover
8. store-room, store, provisions
9. treasury, apartment where money or plate is kept, treasure, accumulated wealth (gold or silver, wrought or unwrought, as plate, jewellery, etc.)
10. (medicine) a kind of bandage
11. dictionary, lexicon or vocabulary - kosha
12. poetical collection, collection of sentences
13. (botany) bud, flower-cup, seed-vessel

    बीजकोश ― bījakośa ― seed-vessel

14. (botany) the sheath or integument of a plant, pod, nut-shell
15. nutmeg
16. the inner part of the fruit of Artocarpus integrifolia and of similar fruits
17. silk-worm cocoon
18. the membrane covering an egg (in the womb)
19. (anatomy) vulva
20. (anatomy) testicle, scrotum
21. (anatomy) penis
22. egg
23. (in Vedânta philosophy) kosha: a term for the three sheaths or succession of cases which make up the various frames of the body enveloping the soul
24. (at the end of a compound) a ball or globe

    सूत्रकोश ― sūtrakośa ― a ball of thread

    नेत्रकोश ― netrakośa ― the eye-ball

25. the water used at an ordeal or judicial trial (the defendant drinks thrice of it after some idol has been washed in it)
26. oath
27. a cup used in the ratification of a treaty of peace

    कोशंपिबति ― kośaṃ-√pā ― to drink from that cup

28. name of a particular conjunction of planets
29. name of the 2nd astrological mansion
30. (Buddhism) name of a collection of Gāthā verses

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कोश (kóśa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कोशः kóśaḥ	कोशौ / कोशा¹ kóśau / kóśā¹	कोशाः / कोशासः¹ kóśāḥ / kóśāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कोश kóśa	कोशौ / कोशा¹ kóśau / kóśā¹	कोशाः / कोशासः¹ kóśāḥ / kóśāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कोशम् kóśam	कोशौ / कोशा¹ kóśau / kóśā¹	कोशान् kóśān
Instrumental	कोशेन kóśena	कोशाभ्याम् kóśābhyām	कोशैः / कोशेभिः¹ kóśaiḥ / kóśebhiḥ¹
Dative	कोशाय kóśāya	कोशाभ्याम् kóśābhyām	कोशेभ्यः kóśebhyaḥ
Ablative	कोशात् kóśāt	कोशाभ्याम् kóśābhyām	कोशेभ्यः kóśebhyaḥ
Genitive	कोशस्य kóśasya	कोशयोः kóśayoḥ	कोशानाम् kóśānām
Locative	कोशे kóśe	कोशयोः kóśayoḥ	कोशेषु kóśeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of कोश (kóśa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कोशम् kóśam	कोशे kóśe	कोशानि / कोशा¹ kóśāni / kóśā¹
Vocative	कोश kóśa	कोशे kóśe	कोशानि / कोशा¹ kóśāni / kóśā¹
Accusative	कोशम् kóśam	कोशे kóśe	कोशानि / कोशा¹ kóśāni / kóśā¹
Instrumental	कोशेन kóśena	कोशाभ्याम् kóśābhyām	कोशैः / कोशेभिः¹ kóśaiḥ / kóśebhiḥ¹
Dative	कोशाय kóśāya	कोशाभ्याम् kóśābhyām	कोशेभ्यः kóśebhyaḥ
Ablative	कोशात् kóśāt	कोशाभ्याम् kóśābhyām	कोशेभ्यः kóśebhyaḥ
Genitive	कोशस्य kóśasya	कोशयोः kóśayoḥ	कोशानाम् kóśānām
Locative	कोशे kóśe	कोशयोः kóśayoḥ	कोशेषु kóśeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• कोशकार (kośakāra)
• कोशकारक (kośakāraka)
• कोशकारकीट (kośakārakīṭa)
• कोशकारवसन (kośakāravasana)
• कोशकारिका (kośakārikā)
• कोशकारी (kośakārī)
• कोशकालिन् (kośakālin)
• कोशकाली (kośakālī)
• कोशकृत् (kośakṛt)
• कोशगृह (kośagṛha)
• कोशग्रहण (kośagrahaṇa)
• कोशचञ्चु (kośacañcu)
• कोशज (kośaja)
• कोशजात (kośajāta)
• कोशदास (kośadāsa)
• कोशधान्य (kośadhānya)
• कोशधावन (kośadhāvana)
• कोशनायक (kośanāyaka)
• कोशपाल (kośapāla)
• कोशपीथिन् (kośapīthin)
• कोशपेटक (kośapeṭaka)
• कोशफल (kośaphala)
• कोशफला (kośaphalā)
• कोशभूता (kośabhūtā)
• कोशरक्षिन् (kośarakṣin)
• कोशवती (kośavatī)
• कोशवत् (kośavat)
• कोशवारि (kośavāri)
• कोशवासिन् (kośavāsin)
• कोशवाहन (kośavāhana)
• कोशवृद्धि (kośavṛddhi)
• कोशवेश्मन् (kośaveśman)
• कोशशायिका (kośaśāyikā)
• कोशशुद्धि (kośaśuddhi)
• कोशस्कृत् (kośaskṛt)
• कोशस्थ (kośastha)
• कोशहीन (kośahīna)
• कौशेय (kauśeya)

 

Descendants

• → Assamese: কোশ (küx)
• → Bengali: কোশ (kōś), কোষ (kōś)
• → English: kosha
• → Hindi: कोश (koś)
• → Malay: kosa
  • Indonesian: kosa
• Nepali: कोश् (koś) / कोसो (koso)
• → Odia: କୋଷ (kosha)
• Sindhi: ڪوشُ
• → Tamil: கோசம் (kōcam)
• → Telugu: కోశము (kōśamu)
• → Thai: โกศ (gòot)
• Pali: kosa
• → Punjabi: ਕੋਸ਼ (koś, “store, glossary, lexicon”)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “कोश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0314/1.
• “कोश” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 134.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कोश”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 075
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 252
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 403-404