χρώς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Related to χρῶμα (khrôma), of uncertain origin.

According to Beekes, probably cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀒𐀫𐀸𐀁 (a-ko-ro-we-e) (representing either /akʰroweʰe/ [dual noun] “without spots”, or /ha-kʰroweʰe/ “of one color”).^[1] Chantraine suggests that the Mycenaean form points to a root *k(ʰ)row- “throw”.^[2] The traditional connection to χρίω (khríō, “to smear”) is doubted by Beekes.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰrɔ̌ːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kʰros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /xros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /xros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /xros/

Noun

χρώς • (khrṓs) m (genitive χρωτός or χροός); third declension

Declension

Third declension of ὁ χρώς; τοῦ χρωτός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χρώς ho khrṓs	τὼ χρῶτε tṑ khrôte	οἱ χρῶτες hoi khrôtes
Genitive	τοῦ χρωτός toû khrōtós	τοῖν χρωτοῖν toîn khrōtoîn	τῶν χρωτῶν tôn khrōtôn
Dative	τῷ χρωτῐ́ tôi khrōtĭ́	τοῖν χρωτοῖν toîn khrōtoîn	τοῖς χρωσῐ́ / χρωσῐ́ν toîs khrōsĭ́(n)
Accusative	τὸν χρῶτᾰ tòn khrôtă	τὼ χρῶτε tṑ khrôte	τοὺς χρῶτᾰς toùs khrôtăs
Vocative	χρώς khrṓs	χρῶτε khrôte	χρῶτες khrôtes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Third declension of χρώς; χροός (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	χρώς khrṓs
Genitive	χροός khroós
Dative	χροΐ / χρῷ khroḯ / khrôi
Accusative	χρόᾰ khróă
Vocative	χρώς khrṓs
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Related terms

χρώζω, χρῴζω (khrṓzō, khrṓizō)
χρῶμα (khrôma)

Descendants

English: schizochroal, abathochroal, holochroal

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χρόα (> VAR > χρώς)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1650-1
^ Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980) “χρώς”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck