γόμφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *gómpʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos.

Cognates include Ancient Macedonian κόμβος (kómbos), Sanskrit जम्भ (jámbha, “tooth”), Latin gemma, Old Armenian ծամեմ (camem), Old English camb (English comb), and Albanian dhëmb.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡóm.pʰos/ → /ˈɣom.ɸos/ → /ˈɣom.fos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡóm.pʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡom.pʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɣom.ɸos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈɣom.fos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈɣom.fos/

Noun

γόμφος • (gómphos) m (genitive γόμφου); second declension

1. bolt, dowel, nail
2. (in general) bond, fastener
3. cross-ribs of Egyptian canoes
4. (surgery) instrument for cautery
5. (anatomy) ankle joint

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ γόμφος; τοῦ γόμφου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ γόμφος ho gómphos	τὼ γόμφω tṑ gómphō	οἱ γόμφοι hoi gómphoi
Genitive	τοῦ γόμφου toû gómphou	τοῖν γόμφοιν toîn gómphoin	τῶν γόμφων tôn gómphōn
Dative	τῷ γόμφῳ tôi gómphōi	τοῖν γόμφοιν toîn gómphoin	τοῖς γόμφοις toîs gómphois
Accusative	τὸν γόμφον tòn gómphon	τὼ γόμφω tṑ gómphō	τοὺς γόμφους toùs gómphous
Vocative	γόμφε gómphe	γόμφω gómphō	γόμφοι gómphoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• γομφαλγία (gomphalgía)
• γομφάριον (gomphárion)
• γομφίος (gomphíos)
• γομφίτης (gomphítēs)
• γομφόδετος (gomphódetos)
• γομφοπαγής (gomphopagḗs)
• γομφόω (gomphóō)
• γόμφωμα (gómphōma)
• γόμφωσις (gómphōsis)
• γομφωτήρ (gomphōtḗr)
• γομφωτήριον (gomphōtḗrion)
• γομφωτικός (gomphōtikós)
• γομφωτός (gomphōtós)

 

Descendants

• Greek: γόμφος (gómfos)
• → Latin: gomphus

Further reading

• “γόμφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γόμφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “γόμφος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• γόμφος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γόμφος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• γόμφος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• γόμφος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bolt idem, page 88.
  • clamp idem, page 134.
  • nail idem, page 550.
  • rivet idem, page 718.
  • stud idem, page 828.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos), from Proto-Hellenic *gómpʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos.

Noun

γόμφος • (gómfos) m (plural γόμφοι)

1. peg (fastener)

Declension

Declension of γόμφος

	singular	plural
nominative	γόμφος (gómfos)	γόμφοι (gómfoi)
genitive	γόμφου (gómfou)	γόμφων (gómfon)
accusative	γόμφο (gómfo)	γόμφους (gómfous)
vocative	γόμφε (gómfe)	γόμφοι (gómfoi)

Related terms

• γομφίος m (gomfíos, “molar tooth”)