tenir

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See also: teñir

Catalan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Early Medieval Latin tenīre, from Classical Latin tenēre with change of conjugation to -ir also found in Occitan and French.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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tenir (first-person singular present tinc, first-person singular preterite tinguí, past participle tingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/

  1. to have, possess
  2. to hold

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of tenir (third conjugation, without -eix-, irregular, with velar infix)
infinitive tenir
gerund tenint
past participle masculine feminine
singular tingut tinguda
plural tinguts tingudes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present tinc tens té tenim teniu tenen
imperfect tenia tenies tenia teníem teníeu tenien
future tindré tindràs tindrà tindrem tindreu tindran
preterite tinguí tingueres tingué tinguérem tinguéreu tingueren
conditional tindria tindries tindria tindríem tindríeu tindrien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present tingui tinguis tingui tinguem tingueu tinguin
imperfect tingués tinguessis tingués tinguéssim tinguéssiu tinguessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — té, ten, tingues tingui tinguem teniu, tingueu tinguin
negative (no) — no tinguis no tingui no tinguem no tingueu no tinguin

Derived terms

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References

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Franco-Provençal

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Early Medieval Latin tenīre.

Verb

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tenir (ORB, broad)

  1. to hold

References

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  • tenir in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • tenir in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French tenir, from Old French tenir, from Early Medieval Latin tenīre, from Classical Latin tenēre.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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tenir

  1. (transitive) to have; to hold
  2. (transitive) to keep
  3. (intransitive) to stay; to hold
    tenir bon ― to hold fast, to hold tight
  4. (reflexive) to hold on [with à ‘to something’]
    Elle descend en se tenant aux racines. ― She comes down using the roots for handles (literally, “She comes down holding on to the roots.”)
    La vie ne tient qu’à un fil. ― Life hangs but by a thread.
  5. (reflexive) to hold oneself, to be standing
    Il se tenait dans le coin. ― He stood in the corner.
  6. (reflexive) to maintain, remain in a certain position or disposition
    Tiens-toi droit ! ― Keep yourself straight!
    Elle se tient immobile sur la corde raide. ― She stays still on the tightrope.
  7. (reflexive) to behave
    Synonym: se comporter
    Tiens-toi bien. ― Behave yourself.
  8. (intransitive) to be attached (to), to be fond (of), to hold dear [with à ‘someone/something’]
  9. (intransitive) to hold dear, to be keen about [with à (+ infinitive) or à ce que (+ subjunctive clause) ‘to do something’]
  10. (transitive) to consider (something) [with pour ‘as’]
    se le tenir pour dit ― to take it as read
    tenir quelque chose pour acquis ― to take something for granted
    tenir quelqu’un pour rien ― to see someone as insignificant, to treat someone as insignificant
  11. (intransitive) to support [with pour ‘someone’]
  12. (intransitive) to hold, to defend [with contre ‘against something’]
  13. (reflexive, Quebec, slang) to hang out
    • 1975, Beau Dommage, "Le Vent d'la ville", Passagers, Capitol Record (ST-70.055 [V], 4XL56355 [K7], CDL-56355 [CD]):
      "J'me tenais dans l’ouest de la ville, ça me fait plus peur l’exil"
      I used to hang out in the west end; exile doesn't scare me anymore.

Conjugation

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This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).

Conjugation of tenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple tenir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple tenant
/tə.nɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle tenu
/tə.ny/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tiens
/tjɛ̃/ 		tiens
/tjɛ̃/ 		tient
/tjɛ̃/ 		tenons
/tə.nɔ̃/ 		tenez
/tə.ne/ 		tiennent
/tjɛn/
imperfect tenais
/tə.nɛ/ 		tenais
/tə.nɛ/ 		tenait
/tə.nɛ/ 		tenions
/tə.njɔ̃/ 		teniez
/tə.nje/ 		tenaient
/tə.nɛ/
past historic2 tins
/tɛ̃/ 		tins
/tɛ̃/ 		tint
/tɛ̃/ 		tînmes
/tɛ̃m/ 		tîntes
/tɛ̃t/ 		tinrent
/tɛ̃ʁ/
future tiendrai
/tjɛ̃.dʁe/ 		tiendras
/tjɛ̃.dʁa/ 		tiendra
/tjɛ̃.dʁa/ 		tiendrons
/tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ 		tiendrez
/tjɛ̃.dʁe/ 		tiendront
/tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
conditional tiendrais
/tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		tiendrais
/tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		tiendrait
/tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		tiendrions
/tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		tiendriez
/tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ 		tiendraient
/tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tienne
/tjɛn/ 		tiennes
/tjɛn/ 		tienne
/tjɛn/ 		tenions
/tə.njɔ̃/ 		teniez
/tə.nje/ 		tiennent
/tjɛn/
imperfect2 tinsse
/tɛ̃s/ 		tinsses
/tɛ̃s/ 		tînt
/tɛ̃/ 		tinssions
/tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ 		tinssiez
/tɛ̃.sje/ 		tinssent
/tɛ̃s/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — tiens
/tjɛ̃/ 		— tenons
/tə.nɔ̃/ 		tenez
/tə.ne/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).

Conjugation of se tenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple se tenir
compound s'être + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple se tenant
/sə tə.nɑ̃/
compound ayant or étant + past participle
past participle tenu
/tə.ny/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present me tiens
/mə tjɛ̃/ 		te tiens
/tə tjɛ̃/ 		se tient
/sə tjɛ̃/ 		nous tenons
/nu tə.nɔ̃/ 		vous tenez
/vu tə.ne/ 		se tiennent
/sə tjɛn/
imperfect me tenais
/mə tə.nɛ/ 		te tenais
/tə tə.nɛ/ 		se tenait
/sə tə.nɛ/ 		nous tenions
/nu tə.njɔ̃/ 		vous teniez
/vu tə.nje/ 		se tenaient
/sə tə.nɛ/
past historic2 me tins
/mə tɛ̃/ 		te tins
/tə tɛ̃/ 		se tint
/sə tɛ̃/ 		nous tînmes
/nu tɛ̃m/ 		vous tîntes
/vu tɛ̃t/ 		se tinrent
/sə tɛ̃ʁ/
future me tiendrai
/mə tjɛ̃.dʁe/ 		te tiendras
/tə tjɛ̃.dʁa/ 		se tiendra
/sə tjɛ̃.dʁa/ 		nous tiendrons
/nu tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ 		vous tiendrez
/vu tjɛ̃.dʁe/ 		se tiendront
/sə tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
conditional me tiendrais
/mə tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		te tiendrais
/tə tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		se tiendrait
/sə tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		nous tiendrions
/nu tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		vous tiendriez
/vu tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ 		se tiendraient
/sə tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of s'être + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of s'être + past participle
future perfect future of s'être + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of s'être + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present me tienne
/mə tjɛn/ 		te tiennes
/tə tjɛn/ 		se tienne
/sə tjɛn/ 		nous tenions
/nu tə.njɔ̃/ 		vous teniez
/vu tə.nje/ 		se tiennent
/sə tjɛn/
imperfect2 me tinsse
/mə tɛ̃s/ 		te tinsses
/tə tɛ̃s/ 		se tînt
/sə tɛ̃/ 		nous tinssions
/nu tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ 		vous tinssiez
/vu tɛ̃.sje/ 		se tinssent
/sə tɛ̃s/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of s'être + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — tiens-toi
/tjɛ̃.twa/ 		— tenons-nous
/tə.nɔ̃.nu/ 		tenez-vous
/tə.ne.vu/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of s'être + past participle — simple imperative of s'être + past participle simple imperative of s'être + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Saint Dominican Creole French: tini

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ido

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Verb

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tenir

  1. past infinitive of tenar

Middle French

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Etymology

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From Old French tenir.

Noun

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tenir

  1. to hold

Descendants

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  • French: tenir
    • Saint Dominican Creole French: tini

References

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  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (tenir, supplement)

Norman

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Etymology

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From Old French tenir, from Early Medieval Latin tenīre, from Classical Latin tenēre.

Verb

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tenir

  1. to possess; to have
  2. to hold

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of the verb « tenir » in Norman
infinitive tenir
gerund tenant
auxiliary aveir1
past participle masculine feminine
singular tenu tenue
plural tenus tenues
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative je (j') tu (t') il, alle,
nos 		je
(nos) 		vos il, alles
present tiens tiens tient tenoms tenez tiennent
imperfect teneis teneis teneit tenioms teniez teneient
preterite tins tins tint tînmes tîntes tîntrent
future tiendrai tiendras tiendra tiendroms tiendrez tiendront
conditional tiendreis tiendreis tiendreit tiendrioms tiendriez tiendreient
subjunctive que je (j') que te (t') qu'il, qu'alle,
que nos 		que je
(que nos) 		que vos qu'il, qu'alles
present tienne tiennes tienne tenioms teniez tiennent
imperfect tinsse tinsses tînt
tinsse 		tinssioms tinssiez tinssent
imperative — tu — je
(nos) 		vos —
tiens tenoms tenez
1Used with past participles.

Occitan

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Etymology

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From Old Occitan tenir, from Early Medieval Latin tenīre, from Latin tenēre.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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tenir

  1. Alternative form of téner

Old French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Early Medieval Latin tenīre, from Classical Latin tenēre.

Verb

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tenir

  1. to possess; to have
  2. to hold

Conjugation

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This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem tien distinct from the unstressed stem ten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of tenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive tenir avoir tenu
gerund en tenant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle tenant
past participle tenu
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present tieng, tien tiens tient tenons tenez tienent
imperfect tenoie, teneie tenoies, teneies tenoit, teneit teniiens, teniens teniiez, teniez tenoient, teneient
preterite tin tenis tint tenimes tenistes tindrent, tinrent
future tendrai tendras tendra tendrons tendroiz, tendreiz, tendrez tendront
conditional tendroie, tendreie tendroies, tendreies tendroit, tendreit tendriiens, tendriens tendriiez, tendriez tendroient, tendreient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present tiegne tiegnes tiegne tiegniens, tiegnons tiegniez tiegnent
imperfect tenisse tenisses tenist tenissons, tenissiens tenissoiz, tenissez, tenissiez tenissent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— tien — tenons tenez —

Descendants

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Old Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Early Medieval Latin tenīre, from Classical Latin tenēre.

Verb

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tenir

  1. to possess; to have
  2. to hold

Descendants

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References

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