rosa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "rosa"

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Noun

rosa f (plural rosas)

1. rose (flower)

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “rosa”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrosa/, [ˈro.sa]

Noun

rosa f (plural roses)

1. rose (flower)

Noun

rosa m (plural roses)

1. rose (colour)

Bavarian

Etymology

Cognate with German rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroː.sɐ/

  • Audio:

    (file)

Adjective

rosa

1. pink (color/colour)

See also

Colors in Bavarian · Foarbm (layout · text)

weiß	grau	schwoarz
roud/rood	oransch/orange; braun	gejb/gölb/gööb
	grea/grean
	blau	blau
lila, violett	lila	rosa

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈrɔ.zə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈrɔ.za]

• Audio (Valencia):

  (file)

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

Noun

rosa f (plural roses)

1. rose (a flower of the rose plant)

Derived terms

• malva-rosa
• rosa de Jericó
• rosa de roca
• rosa del desert
• rosa dels vents
• rosella
• roser
• roseta

 

Related terms

• rosari

Noun

rosa m (plural roses)

1. rose (a purplish-red or pink colour)

Adjective

rosa (invariable)

1. pink (color/colour)

See also

Colors in Catalan · colors (layout · text)

blanc	gris	negre
roig, vermell; carmesí	taronja; marró	groc; crema
verd llima	verd
cian; xarxet	atzur	blau
violat; indi	magenta; lila, porpra	rosa

Further reading

• “rosa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “rosa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “rosa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “rosa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish rosa, from Latin rosa, probably from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ro‧sa

Noun

rosa

1. a rose; a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa
2. pink (color/colour)

Adjective

rosa

1. pink (color/colour)

Classical Nahuatl

Etymology

From Spanish rosa, from Latin rosa.

Noun

rosa

1. rose

   Synonym: Caxtillan xochitl

   • 1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua Castellana y Mexicana:

     Flor o roſa de caſtilla. caſtillan xuchitl. Roſa.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Czech

Etymology

From Old Czech rosa, from Proto-Slavic *rosà, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrosa]
• Hyphenation: ro‧sa
• Rhymes: -osa

Noun

rosa f

1. dew

Declension

Declension of rosa (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	rosa	rosy
genitive	rosy	ros
dative	rose	rosám
accusative	rosu	rosy
vocative	roso	rosy
locative	rose	rosách
instrumental	rosou	rosami

Derived terms

• orosit
• rosit
• rosný
• zarosit

 

Further reading

• “rosa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “rosa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “rosa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Galician

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔsa/ [ˈrɔ.s̺ɐ]
• Rhymes: -ɔsa

Noun

rosa f (plural rosas)

1. rose (flower)
   1. (by extension) any flower
2. pink (color/colour)

Derived terms

• rosa dos ventos

See also

Colors in Galician · cores (layout · text)

branco	gris	negro, preto
vermello; carmín	laranxa; castaño, marrón	amarelo; crema
verde lima	verde	menta; verde escuro
ciano; azul verdoso	cerúleo	azul
violeta; anil	maxenta; púrpura	rosa

Gallurese

Alternative forms

• irrosa

Etymology

From Latin rosa, of disputed origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔza/

Noun

rosa f (plural rosi)

1. rose (flower)

Derived terms

• rosa aresta
• rosa di mucchju
• rosaredda

 

Related terms

• rusetu

Noun

rosa m (uncountable)

1. pink (color/colour)

Related terms

• rusulinu

Adjective

rosa (invariable)

1. pink (color/colour)

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

German

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʁoːza/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ro‧sa
• Rhymes: -oːza

Adjective

rosa (indeclinable) or (informal)
rosa (strong nominative masculine singular rosaner or (now rare) rosaer, comparative rosaner, superlative am rosansten or (now rare) am rosasten)

1. coloured in a pale shade of pink

Usage notes

• The adjective is usually treated as invariable in the formal standard language, thus neither declined forms nor comparative forms are used.
• rosa also has normal inflected forms. An -n- is then infixed before (vocalic) endings. Additionally, it has also inflected forms without an infix. Compare the same in lila.

Declension

Positive forms of rosa

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist rosa	sie ist rosa	es ist rosa	sie sind rosa
strong declension (without article)	nominative	rosaner rosaer1	rosane rosae1	rosanes rosaes1	rosane rosae1
	genitive	rosanen rosaen1	rosaner rosaer1	rosanen rosaen1	rosaner rosaer1
	dative	rosanem rosaem1	rosaner rosaer1	rosanem rosaem1	rosanen rosaen1
	accusative	rosanen rosaen1	rosane rosae1	rosanes rosaes1	rosane rosae1
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der rosane der rosae1	die rosane die rosae1	das rosane das rosae1	die rosanen die rosaen1
	genitive	des rosanen des rosaen1	der rosanen der rosaen1	des rosanen des rosaen1	der rosanen der rosaen1
	dative	dem rosanen dem rosaen1	der rosanen der rosaen1	dem rosanen dem rosaen1	den rosanen den rosaen1
	accusative	den rosanen den rosaen1	die rosane die rosae1	das rosane das rosae1	die rosanen die rosaen1
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein rosaner ein rosaer1	eine rosane eine rosae1	ein rosanes ein rosaes1	(keine) rosanen (keine) rosaen1
	genitive	eines rosanen eines rosaen1	einer rosanen einer rosaen1	eines rosanen eines rosaen1	(keiner) rosanen (keiner) rosaen1
	dative	einem rosanen einem rosaen1	einer rosanen einer rosaen1	einem rosanen einem rosaen1	(keinen) rosanen (keinen) rosaen1
	accusative	einen rosanen einen rosaen1	eine rosane eine rosae1	ein rosanes ein rosaes1	(keine) rosanen (keine) rosaen1

¹Now rare.

Comparative forms of rosa

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist rosaner	sie ist rosaner	es ist rosaner	sie sind rosaner
strong declension (without article)	nominative	rosanerer	rosanere	rosaneres	rosanere
	genitive	rosaneren	rosanerer	rosaneren	rosanerer
	dative	rosanerem	rosanerer	rosanerem	rosaneren
	accusative	rosaneren	rosanere	rosaneres	rosanere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der rosanere	die rosanere	das rosanere	die rosaneren
	genitive	des rosaneren	der rosaneren	des rosaneren	der rosaneren
	dative	dem rosaneren	der rosaneren	dem rosaneren	den rosaneren
	accusative	den rosaneren	die rosanere	das rosanere	die rosaneren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein rosanerer	eine rosanere	ein rosaneres	(keine) rosaneren
	genitive	eines rosaneren	einer rosaneren	eines rosaneren	(keiner) rosaneren
	dative	einem rosaneren	einer rosaneren	einem rosaneren	(keinen) rosaneren
	accusative	einen rosaneren	eine rosanere	ein rosaneres	(keine) rosaneren

Superlative forms of rosa

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am rosansten er ist am rosasten1	sie ist am rosansten sie ist am rosasten1	es ist am rosansten es ist am rosasten1	sie sind am rosansten sie sind am rosasten1
strong declension (without article)	nominative	rosanster rosaster1	rosanste rosaste1	rosanstes rosastes1	rosanste rosaste1
	genitive	rosansten rosasten1	rosanster rosaster1	rosansten rosasten1	rosanster rosaster1
	dative	rosanstem rosastem1	rosanster rosaster1	rosanstem rosastem1	rosansten rosasten1
	accusative	rosansten rosasten1	rosanste rosaste1	rosanstes rosastes1	rosanste rosaste1
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der rosanste der rosaste1	die rosanste die rosaste1	das rosanste das rosaste1	die rosansten die rosasten1
	genitive	des rosansten des rosasten1	der rosansten der rosasten1	des rosansten des rosasten1	der rosansten der rosasten1
	dative	dem rosansten dem rosasten1	der rosansten der rosasten1	dem rosansten dem rosasten1	den rosansten den rosasten1
	accusative	den rosansten den rosasten1	die rosanste die rosaste1	das rosanste das rosaste1	die rosansten die rosasten1
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein rosanster ein rosaster1	eine rosanste eine rosaste1	ein rosanstes ein rosastes1	(keine) rosansten (keine) rosasten1
	genitive	eines rosansten eines rosasten1	einer rosansten einer rosasten1	eines rosansten eines rosasten1	(keiner) rosansten (keiner) rosasten1
	dative	einem rosansten einem rosasten1	einer rosansten einer rosasten1	einem rosansten einem rosasten1	(keinen) rosansten (keinen) rosasten1
	accusative	einen rosansten einen rosasten1	eine rosanste eine rosaste1	ein rosanstes ein rosastes1	(keine) rosansten (keine) rosasten1

¹Now rare.

Descendants

• → Latvian: rozā (see there for further descendants)
• → Norwegian: rosa
• → Swedish: rosa
  • → Estonian: roosa
  • → Finnish: roosa

See also

• pink (used in German for stronger shades only)

Further reading

• “rosa” in Duden online
• “rosa” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Irish

Noun

rosa

1. inflection of ros (“headland”):
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/vocative/dative plural

Italian

Rosa - flower

Rosa - colour/color

Etymology 1

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔ.za/
• Rhymes: -ɔza
• Hyphenation: rò‧sa

Noun

rosa f (plural rose, diminutive (uncommon) rosèlla or rosellìna (diminutive of diminutive) or rosétta or rosettìna (diminutive of diminutive))

1. (flower) rose
2. shortlist
3. (heraldry) rose
4. (sports, collective) team members

Noun

rosa m (invariable)

1. pink, rose (color/colour)

Adjective

rosa (invariable)

1. pink (color/colour)
2. romantic (of movies, books, etc.)
3. (relational) gossip (of news, magazines, etc.)

Related terms

• rosa canina
• rosa dei venti
• rosaceo
• rosaio
• rosato
• roseo
• roseto
• rosetta

 

See also

Colors in Italian · colori (layout · text)

bianco	argento; grigio	nero
rosso; cremisi	arancione; marrone; bronzo	giallo; oro; crema
verde chiaro; limetta	verde	verde acqua; acquamarina; verde menta; verde menta scuro
ciano; azzurro; celeste; blu petrolio; foglia di tè	azzurro; celeste; celeste scuro	blu; blu scuro
violetto; indaco	magenta; viola	rosa; fucsia; porpora

Etymology 2

Past participle of rodere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.za/, (traditional) /ˈro.sa/
• Rhymes: -oza, (traditional) -osa
• Hyphenation: ró‧sa

Participle

rosa f sg

1. feminine singular of roso

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.za/, (traditional) /ˈro.sa/
• Rhymes: -oza, (traditional) -osa
• Hyphenation: ró‧sa

Noun

rosa f (plural rose)

1. (obsolete) erosion

   Synonym: erosione

2. (Tuscany) itch, itching

   Synonyms: pizzicore, prurito

Anagrams

• Sora, arso, orsa, raso, rasò, sarò

Latin

rosa alba (a white rose)

Etymology 1

Probably derived from a variant of Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), but some of the details remain mysterious. Possibly via another Italic language like Oscan, or alternatively via the Aeolic version of ρόδεα (ródea, “rose-bush”) which would have been *ρόζα (*róza).

Pronunciation

• rosa: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈro.sa/, [ˈrɔs̠ä]
• rosa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈro.sa/, [ˈrɔːs̬ä]
• rosā: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈro.saː/, [ˈrɔs̠äː]
• rosā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈro.sa/, [ˈrɔːs̬ä]

Noun

rosa f (genitive rosae); first declension

1. rose (flower)
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.267:

     Proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem / arentesque rosas […]

     It's good too to blend a taste of pounded oak-apples / and dry rose leaves […]

   • 61 CE – c. 112 CE, Pliny the Younger, Epistulae 5:

     Inde etiam rosas effert, umbrarumque frigus non ingrato sole distinguit. Finito vario illo multiplicique curvamine recto limiti redditur nec huic uni, nam viae plures intercedentibus buxis dividuntur.

     Farther on, there are roses too along the path, and the cool shade is pleasantly alternated with sunshine. Having passed through these manifold winding alleys, the path resumes a straight course, and at the same time divides into several tracks, separated by box hedges.
     Even roses grow there, and the warmth of the sun is delightful as a change from the cool of the shade. When you come to the end of these various winding alleys, the boundary again runs straight, or should I say boundaries, for there are a number of paths with box shrubs between them.

2. (transferred sense, endearment) dear, rose, sweetheart, love; a word of endearment

   Mea rosa. ― My love.

   Rosa! ― Honey!

   Tu mihi rosa es. ― You are my sweetheart.

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rosa	rosae
Genitive	rosae	rosārum
Dative	rosae	rosīs
Accusative	rosam	rosās
Ablative	rosā	rosīs
Vocative	rosa	rosae

Related terms

• rosāceus
• rosāns
• rosārium
• rosārius
• rosētum
• roseus
• rosulentus

 

Descendants

• Gallo-Italic
  • Emilian: róśa
  • Ligurian: rêuza
  • Lombard: ròsa, rösa, ròs, roeusa
  • Piedmontese: reusa
• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Dalmatian: ruosa
  • Istriot: roza
  • Italian: rosa
  • Sicilian: rosa
    • → Maltese: roża
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: rosa
  • Occitan: ròsa
• Rhaeto-Romance
  • Friulian: rose
  • Romansch: rosa, rösa (Puter, Vallader)
• Sardinian: rosa, arrosa
• Venetan: ròxa
• West Iberian
  • Aragonese: rosa
  • Asturian: rosa
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: rosa
    • Galician: rosa
    • Portuguese: rosa (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Spanish: rosa (semi-learned)
    • Spanish: rosa (see there for further descendants)
    • Ladino: roza / רוזה

Borrowings

• → Basque: arrosa
• → Old French: rose
  • Middle French: rose
    • French: rose (see there for further descendants)
    • → Middle Dutch: rose
      • Dutch: rose
  • Norman: rose
  • Picard: rose
  • Walloon: rôze
• → German: rosa (“pink”) (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-West Germanic: *rōsā (see there for further descendants)
• → Hungarian: rózsa
• → Middle Irish: rós (see there for further descendants)
• → Luxembourgish: rosa
• → Romanian: roză
• → Old Church Slavonic: рожа (roža)
  • → Belarusian: ружа (ruža)
  • → Bulgarian: роза (roza)
  • → Czech: růže
  • → Macedonian: роза (roza)
  • → Polish: róża
  • → Russian: ро́за (róza) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: ruža / ружа
  • → Slovak: ruža
  • → Slovene: roža
  • → Upper Sorbian: róža
  • → Ukrainian: роза (roza)

Unsorted borrowings

• → Breton: roz
• → Cornish: ros
• → Dutch: roze
• → North Frisian: ruus
• → West Frisian: rôze
• → Ladino: roz
• → Lingala: roze
• → Lithuanian: rožė
• → Malay: ros
• → Northern Sami: ruvsu
• → Polish: róż
• → Rwanda-Rundi: iroza
• → Samogitian: ruožė
• → Silesian: rołza
• → Tongan: lose
• → Veps: ruza
• → Voro: roosa
• → Welsh: rhos

Noun

rosā

1. ablative singular of rosa

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• rōsa: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈroː.sa/, [ˈroːs̠ä]
• rōsa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈro.sa/, [ˈrɔːs̬ä]
• rōsā: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈroː.saː/, [ˈroːs̠äː]
• rōsā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈro.sa/, [ˈrɔːs̬ä]

Participle

rōsa

1. inflection of rōsus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Participle

rōsā

1. ablative feminine singular of rōsus

Further reading

• "rosa", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "rosa", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• rosa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• rosa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Latvian

Noun

rosa f (4 declension)

1. activity, bustle, animation

   Synonyms: rosība, rosme

Lower Sorbian

rosa na rožy

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rosà, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔsa/

Noun

rosa f inan (diminutive roska)

1. dew

Declension

Declension of rosa

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	rosa	rosy	rose
Genitive	rose	rosowu	rosow
Dative	rosy	rosoma	rosam
Accusative	rosu	rosy	rose
Instrumental	rosu	rosoma	rosami
Locative	rosy	rosoma	rosach

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “rosa”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “rosa”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʀoːza/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

rosa (masculine rosaen, neuter rosat, comparative méi rosa, superlative am rosasten)

1. pink (color/colour)

Declension

declension of rosa

number and gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		hien ass rosa	si ass rosa	et ass rosa	si si(nn) rosa
nominative / accusative	attributive and/or after determiner	rosaen	rosa	rosat	rosa
	independent without determiner			rosaes	rosaer
dative	after any declined word	rosaen	rosaer	rosaen	rosaen
	as first declined word	rosaem		rosaem

See also

Colors in Luxembourgish · Faarwen (layout · text)

wäiss	gro	schwaarz
rout	orange; brong	giel
	gréng
turquoise	blo (hellblo, himmelblo)	blo (donkelblo)
violett; indigo	magenta; mof	rosa; pink

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Latin rosa.

Adjective

rosa (indeclinable)

1. pink (colour)

   Synonym: lyserød

Etymology 2

Noun

rosa (indeclinable)

1. (uncountable) pink, rose (colour)

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• rosen

Noun

rosa m or f

1. definite feminine singular of rose

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Latin rosa. Doublet of rose and ros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruːsɑ/

Adjective

rosa (singular and plural rosa)

1. pink (color/colour)

Noun

rosa ?

1. pink, rose (color/colour)

See also

Colors in Norwegian Nynorsk · fargar (layout · text)

kvit	grå	svart
raud	oransje; brun	gul
	grøn
(turkis)		blå
	rosa; lilla	rosa

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hrósa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ruːsɑ/

Verb

rosa (present tense rosar/roser, past tense rosa/roste, past participle rosa/rost, passive infinitive rosast, present participle rosande, imperative rosa/ros)

1. to praise

Alternative forms

• rose (e- and split infinitives)

Derived terms

• ros m

Etymology 3

ein rosa vegg

A first part likely rose (“rose”) +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ruːsɑ/

Adjective

rosa (singular and plural rosa)

1. decorated, especially with rosemaling

Etymology 4

ein roseblom

From Old Norse rós, rósa, from Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ruːsɑ/

Noun

rosa f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser or rosor, definite plural rosene or rosone)

1. definite singular of rose (“rose”)
2. (pre-2012) alternative form of rose. See there for more.

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruːsɑ/

Noun

rosa f

1. (non-standard since 1959) definite singular of ros (“praise”)
2. definite singular of ros (“erysipelas”)

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroːsɑ/

Noun

rosa f

1. definite singular of ros (“avalanche; landslide; scratch”)

Etymology 7

Alternative forms

• ròsa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²roːsɑ/

Noun

rosa f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser or rosor, definite plural rosene or rosone)

1. definite singular of rose
2. (pre-2012) alternative form of rose. See there for more.

References

• “rosa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• oras, osar, roas, ròsa

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rosà, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈrosa/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈrosa/

Noun

rosa f

1. dew

Declension

Declension of rosa (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	rosa	rosě	rosy
genitive	rosy	rosú	ros
dative	rosě	rosama	rosám
accusative	rosu	rosě	rosy
vocative	roso	rosě	rosy
locative	rosě	rosú	rosách
instrumental	rosú	rosama	rosami

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: rosa

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rosa”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔ.za/

Noun

rosa f (plural rosas)

1. rose (flower)
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 10 (facsimile):

     Roſa das roſas. ⁊ fror / das frores. dona das donas. / ſeñor das ſennores.

     Rose of roses; And flower / of flowers. Woman of women; / Lady of ladies.

2. pink, rose (color/colour)
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 384 (facsimile):

     A terçeyra chamam roſa / por que e coor uermella.

     The third (colour) is called rose, / because it is a reddish colour.

Descendants

• Galician: rosa
• Portuguese: rosa (see there for further descendants)

See also

Colors in Old Galician-Portuguese · coores, colores (layout · text)

branco, blanco, alvo	gris	negro, preto
vermelho	castanho	amarelo
	verde
		azur
	cardẽo	rosa

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀭𑁄𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• रोस (Devanagari script)
• রোস (Bengali script)
• රොස (Sinhalese script)
• ရောသ or ရေႃသ (Burmese script)
• โรส or โรสะ (Thai script)
• ᩁᩮᩣᩈ (Tai Tham script)
• ໂຣສ or ໂຣສະ (Lao script)
• រោស (Khmer script)
• 𑄢𑄮𑄥 (Chakma script)

Etymology

From the root rus. For the noun, inherited from Sanskrit रोष (roṣa, “anger”). For the verb, see rosati.

Noun

rosa m

1. anger
2. quarrel

Declension

Declension table of "rosa" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	roso	rosā
Accusative (second)	rosaṃ	rose
Instrumental (third)	rosena	rosehi or rosebhi
Dative (fourth)	rosassa or rosāya or rosatthaṃ	rosānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	rosasmā or rosamhā or rosā	rosehi or rosebhi
Genitive (sixth)	rosassa	rosānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	rosasmiṃ or rosamhi or rose	rosesu
Vocative (calling)	rosa	rosā

Verb

rosa

1. imperative active second-person singular of rosati (“to annoy”)

Polish

rosa

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rosà.

Noun

rosa f

1. dew (any moisture from the atmosphere condensed by cool bodies upon their surfaces)

Declension

Declension of rosa

	singular	plural
nominative	rosa	rosy
genitive	rosy	ros
dative	rosie	rosom
accusative	rosę	rosy
instrumental	rosą	rosami
locative	rosie	rosach
vocative	roso	rosy

Further reading

• rosa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• rosa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• rosa in PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese rosa, from Latin rosa (“rose”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.zɐ/ [ˈhɔ.zɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.zɐ/ [ˈhɔ.zɐ]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.zɐ/ [ˈχɔ.zɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.za/ [ˈhɔ.za]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.zɐ/

• Homophone: Rosa
• Hyphenation: ro‧sa

Noun

rosa f (plural rosas)

1. rose (flower)

Derived terms

• rosa dos ventos
• rosal
• roseira
• roseiral

 

Related terms

• Rosa

Descendants

• → Tamil: ரோஜா (rōjā)

Adjective

rosa (invariable)

1. pink (color/colour)

   Synonym: cor-de-rosa

Noun

rosa m (plural rosas)

1. pink (color/colour)

   Synonym: cor-de-rosa

See also

Colors in Portuguese · cores (layout · text)

branco, alvo, cândido	cinza, gris, cinzento	preto, negro, atro
vermelho, encarnado, rubro, salmão; carmim	laranja, cor de laranja; castanho, marrom	amarelo, lúteo; creme, ocre
verde-limão	verde	verde-água; verde-menta
ciano, turquesa; azul-petróleo	azul-celeste	azul, índigo, anil
violeta, lilás	magenta; roxo, púrpura	rosa, cor-de-rosa, rosa-choque

Romansch

Alternative forms

• rösa (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Noun

rosa f (plural rosas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) rose

Sardinian

Alternative forms

• arrosa, orrosa (Campidanese)

Etymology

From Latin rosa, of disputed origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrosa/

Noun

rosa f (plural rosas)

1. rose (flower)

Derived terms

Logudorese

• rosa cràbina
• rosa de padenti
• rosa de su berveghinu

 

Campidanese

• rosa caddina
• rosa canina

 

Noun

rosa f (uncountable)

1. pink (color/colour)

Adjective

rosa (plural rosas)

1. pink (color/colour)

Derived terms

• rosa maladia

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Sassarese

buttoni di rosa rùia – red rose buds

Etymology

From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔza/

Noun

rosa m (plural rosi)

1. rose (flower)

Derived terms

• rosa arestha
• rosaredda

 

Noun

rosa m (uncountable)

1. pink (color/colour)
2. chicken pox (childhood disease)

   Synonym: baglioru basthardhu

Adjective

rosa (invariable)

1. pink (color/colour)

Related terms

• rosaddu

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rosà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rasā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rǒsa/
• Hyphenation: ro‧sa

Noun

ròsa f (Cyrillic spelling ро̀са)

1. dew

Declension

Declension of rosa

	singular	plural
nominative	rosa	rose
genitive	rose	rosa
dative	rosi	rosama
accusative	rosu	rose
vocative	roso	rose
locative	rosi	rosama
instrumental	rosom	rosama

Further reading

• “rosa”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rosà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rasā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɔsa]

Noun

rosa f (genitive singular rosy, nominative plural rosy, genitive plural rôs, declension pattern of žena)

1. dew

Declension

Declension of rosa

	singular	plural
nominative	rosa	rosy
genitive	rosy	rôs
dative	rose	rosám
accusative	rosu	rosy
locative	rose	rosách
instrumental	rosou	rosami

References

• “rosa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rosà, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔ̀ːsa/

Noun

rósa f

1. dew (moisture in the air that settles on plants, etc.)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nominative	rôsa
genitive	rôse
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	rôsa
genitive (rodȋlnik)	rôse
dative (dajȃlnik)	rôsi
accusative (tožȋlnik)	rôso
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	rôsi
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	rôso

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem, long mixed accent
nominative	rôsa
genitive	rosé
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	rôsa
genitive (rodȋlnik)	rosé
dative (dajȃlnik)	rôsi
accusative (tožȋlnik)	rosó
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	rôsi
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	rosó

Further reading

• “rosa”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “rosa”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish rosa, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrosa/ [ˈro.sa]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -osa
• Syllabification: ro‧sa

Noun

rosa f (plural rosas)

1. rose (flower)
2. pink (color/colour)
3. (heraldry) rose

Derived terms

• camino de rosas
• cara de rosa
• como las propias rosas
• como una rosa
• de rositas
• estar más fresco que una rosa
• geranio de rosa
• hecho una rosa
• lecho de rosas
• Leyenda Rosa
• mal de la rosa
• no hay rosa sin espina
• palo de rosa
• prensa rosa
• revista rosa
• rosa amarilla
• rosa china
• rosa de alabastro
• rosa de Jericó
• rosa de los vientos
• rosa de Navidad
• rosa de rejalgar
• rosa de té
• rosa del azafrán
• rosa japonesa
• rosa palo
• salsa rosa

 

Related terms

• rosáceo
• rosado
• rosal
• rosaleda
• rosario

 

Descendants

• → Cebuano: rosa
• → Classical Nahuatl: rosa
• → Zoogocho Zapotec: ros
• →⇒ Cebuano: rosas (via rosas (pl.))
• →⇒ Tagalog: rosas (via rosas (pl.))

Adjective

rosa m or f (masculine and feminine plural rosa or rosas)

1. pink (color/colour)
2. feminine singular of roso

Usage notes

• The adjective rosa does not undergo inflection in gender. Thus, whether modifying a masculine or feminine noun, one should use rosa and never "roso".

See also

Colors in Spanish · colores (layout · text)

blanco	gris	negro
rojo; carmín, carmesí	naranja, anaranjado; marrón	amarillo; crema
lima	verde	menta
cian, turquesa; azul-petróleo	celeste, cerúleo	azul
violeta; añil, índigo	magenta; morado, púrpura	rosa, rosado

Further reading

• “rosa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Anagrams

• osar
• raso

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroːˌsa/, /ˈruːˌsa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ro‧sa

Etymology 1

From a Romance language, likely via German, from French rose.

Noun

rosa n

1. pink (color/colour)

   Synonym: skär

Adjective

rosa (not comparable)

1. pink (color/colour)

   en rosa kanin

   a pink rabbit

   ett rosa hus

   a pink house

Usage notes

Uninflected – see the examples.

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hrósa, from Proto-Germanic *hrōþrą. Compare origin of Gothic *𐌷𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍃 (*hrōþs), German Ruhm. Doublet of berömma.

Verb

rosa (present rosar, preterite rosade, supine rosat, imperative rosa)

1. praise, commend

   Synonym: prisa

   Antonym: risa

Conjugation

Conjugation of rosa (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	rosa		rosas
Supine	rosat		rosats
Imperative	rosa		—
Imper. plural1	rosen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	rosar	rosade	rosas	rosades
Ind. plural1	rosa	rosade	rosas	rosades
Subjunctive2	rose	rosade	roses	rosades
	Participles
Present participle	rosande
Past participle	rosad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

• kritikerrosad

References

• rosa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• rosa in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• rosa in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• rosa in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

• Orsa, osar, roas

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rosà.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʀɔsa/
• Rhymes: -ɔsa
• Hyphenation: ro‧sa
• Syllabification: ro‧sa

Noun

rosa f

1. dew (water droplets originating from the condensation of water vapor from the atmospheric layer in contact with the earth's surface, formed during the night by cooling of that surface and objects exposed to heat loss by irradiation)

Declension

Declension of rosa (feminine hard hissing stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	rosa	rosy	rosy
genitive	rosy	rosow	rosow
dative	rosy	rosomaj	rosam
accusative	rosu	rosy	rosy
instrumental	rosu	rosomaj	rosami
locative	rosy	rosomaj	rosach
vocative	rosa	rosy	rosy

References

• “rosa” in Soblex