camp
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kæmp/
- (General American, Canada, /æ/ raising) IPA(key): [kʰɛəmp] ~ [kʰeəmp]
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -æmp
Etymology 1
From Middle English kampe (“battlefield, open space”), from Old English camp (“battle, contest, battlefield, open space”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamp (“open field where military exercises are held, level plain”), from Latin campus (“open field, level plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend; crooked”). Reinforced circa 1520 by Middle French can, camp (“place where an army lodges temporarily”), from Old Northern French camp, from the same Latin (whence also French champ from Old French). Cognate with Old High German champf (“battle, struggle”) (German Kampf), Old Norse kapp (“battle”), Old High German hamf (“paralysed, maimed, mutilated”). Doublet of campus and champ.
The verb is from Middle English campen, from Old English campian, compian (“to fight, war against”), from Proto-West Germanic *kampōn (“to fight, do battle”), from *kamp (“field, battlefield, battle”), see above. Cognate with Dutch kampen, German kämpfen (“to struggle”), Danish kæmpe, Swedish kämpa.
Noun
camp (countable and uncountable, plural camps)
- An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.
- An organised event, often taking place in tents or temporary accommodation.
- A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary.
- A concentration camp; gulag.
- 2013 June 18, Esther Felden, “Hell on earth”, in Deutsche Welle[1], archived from the original on 22 June 2015[2]:
- Mr. Ahn Myong-Chol was a prison guard at Camp 22 in Hoeryong and a driver at the camps. He was there between 1990 and 1994. He is the one who reported that prisoners had been used for human experimentation inside the camps.
- A single hut or shelter.
- a hunter's camp
- The company or body of persons encamped.
- 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 9, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volumes (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
- The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight.
- A group of people with the same strong ideals or political leanings.
- (obsolete) An army.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:
- My Campe is like to Iulius Cæſars Hoſte,
That neuer fought but had the victorie:
- (uncommon) Campus
- (informal) A summer camp.
- (prison slang) A prison.
- 2009, Nick Chandler, Jeanette Billings, Determined to Change: The Autobiography of Nick Chandler, page 184:
- Lantana is a sweet camp. It's an old hospital that has been converted to a drug treatment center for prisoners.
- (agriculture) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against frost
- (obsolete) Conflict; battle.
Derived terms
- autocamp
- auto camp
- band camp
- BarCamp
- base camp
- boot camp
- break camp
- bushcamp
- camp-ball
- camp bed
- camp collar
- campcraft
- Camp Douglas
- camper
- campery
- campestral
- camp fever
- campfire
- camp fire
- camp follower
- campful
- campground
- Camp Hill
- camping stove
- campism
- camplike
- campmaster
- campmate
- camp mother
- camporee
- campout
- camp oven
- Camp Pendleton North
- camp robber
- camp shirt
- camp site, campsite
- campstead, campsteading
- camp stool
- campstool
- campstove
- camp stove
- camptastic
- campward
- campwards
- cigarette camp
- concentration camp
- death camp
- dinner camp
- encamp
- encampment
- extermination camp
- fat camp
- fish camp
- flying camp
- freedom-camp
- freedom camp
- glamp
- handicamp
- holiday camp
- intercamp
- internment camp
- labor camp
- labour camp
- logging camp
- man camp
- minicamp
- motorcamp
- North Camp
- orientation camp
- pitch camp
- portable stove
- POW camp
- prison camp
- prisoner-of-war camp
- rape camp
- re-education camp
- reeducation camp
- refugee camp
- set up camp
- silence camp
- slave camp
- spawn camping
- squatter camp
- strike camp
- subcamp
- summer camp
- terrorist camp
- third camp
- timber camp
- town camp
- witchcamp
- work camp
- workcamp
- work-camp
Related terms
Descendants
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
camp (third-person singular simple present camps, present participle camping, simple past and past participle camped)
- To live in a tent or similar temporary accommodation.
- We're planning to camp in the field until Sunday.
- To set up a camp.
- (transitive) To afford rest or lodging for.
- c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene viii]:
- Had our great palace the capacity / To camp this host, we all would sup together.
- (intransitive, sports, video games) To stay in an advantageous location.
- 1962, Coach & Athlete, page 18:
- Yet, even without the three second rule, where your big man could camp underneath and take those delightful “garbage” shots, there was little or no pivot offense, no cutting off the bucket.
- (transitive, video games) To stay beside (something) to gain an advantage.
- The easiest way to win on this map is to camp the double damage.
- Go and camp the flag for the win.
- (transitive, video games) Short for corpse camp.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To fight; contend in battle or in any kind of contest; to strive with others in doing anything; compete.
- 1562, Leigh, The Accedens of Armory ː
- Aristotle affirmeth that Rauens will gather together on sides, and campe and fight for victorie.
- 1562, Leigh, The Accedens of Armory ː
- (intransitive, obsolete) To wrangle; argue.
Derived terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Etymology 2
Unknown. Suggested origins include the 17th century French word camper (“to put oneself in a pose”),[1] an assumed dialectal English word *camp or *kemp (“rough, uncouth”) and a derivation from camp (n.)[2] Believed to be from Polari, otherwise obscure.[3]
Noun
camp (uncountable)
- An affected, exaggerated, or intentionally tasteless style.
- 1985 September 2, Joe Klein, quoting Douglas S. Cramer, “The Real Star of ‘Dynasty’”, in New York, page 34:
- We walk a fine line, just this side of camp. Careful calculations are made. We sense that while it might be wonderful for Krystle and Alexis to have a catfight in a koi pond, it would be inappropriate for Joan to smack Linda with a koi.
Derived terms
Translations
Adjective
camp (comparative camper, superlative campest)
- Theatrical; making exaggerated gestures.
- (of a man) Ostentatiously effeminate.[4]
- 2007, David Rothwell, Dictionary of Homonyms, Wordsworth Editions, →ISBN, page 88:
- More recently the word has become colloquial English for either implying that someone is a homosexual (‘he's very camp’), or for describing rather outre behaviour […]
- 2014, Sarah Lotz, The Three, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
- And to be honest, in the illustration Mr Tumnus does look as camp as fuck with his little scarf tied jauntily around his neck. I suppose it isn't outside the realms of possibility that he'd just been off cottaging with some centaurs in the forest. God.
- Intentionally tasteless or vulgar, self-parodying.
- 2002, Georges-Claude Guilbert, Madonna as Postmodern Myth, McFarland, →ISBN, page 123:
- In Saturday Night Live, Madonna also unsurprisingly played Princess Diana, Marilyn Monroe, and a Joan Collins clone, all in a very camp way. As John Dean writes: “U.S. rock has a ruling camp queen with Madonna.”
- 2024 April 5, Alexis Petridis, “Abba, cabaret and smug marionettes: the 1974 Eurovision song contest reviewed!”, in The Guardian[4], →ISSN:
- Here is Eurovision from a time before anyone watched it for camp value – you can’t imagine any gay bar in 1974 clearing its schedules to screen this; a Eurovision that takes itself rather seriously, a brief appearance by the Wombles notwithstanding.
Derived terms
Translations
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Verb
camp (third-person singular simple present camps, present participle camping, simple past and past participle camped)
- To behave in a camp manner; camp it up.
- 1988 April 9, Gordon Gottlieb, “The Urban Gay Camp and Croon”, in Gay Community News, page 11:
- Oster and his his two co-stars, Jamie MacKenzie and Bill Martel, boogie and bop, sway and swish, camp and croon through tightly worked production numbers addressing a range of serious (and not so serious) issues that middle class, urban gay men come up against.
Descendants
Etymology 3
From Spanish campo (“countryside”).
Noun
camp (countable and uncountable, plural camps)
- (slang, Falkland Islands) The areas of the Falkland Islands situated outside the capital and largest settlement, Stanley.
- An electoral constituency of the legislative assembly of the Falkland Islands that composes of all territory more than 3.5 miles from the spire of the Christ Church Cathedral in Stanley.
See also
References
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “camp”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Michael Quinion, "Camp" in: World Wide Words, 2003
- ^ listed in the Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (1989)
- ^ Reuben, David R. (1969) chapter 8, in Everything you always wanted to know about sex but were too afraid to ask, New York: David McKay Company, Inc., published 1970, →LCCN, Homosexuals have their own language?, page 146: “CAMP: be obviously and obnoxiously homosexual”
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Latin campus (compare Occitan camp, French champ, Spanish campo), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend, curve”).
Pronunciation
Noun
camp m (plural camps)
- field (open area of land)
- Synonym: terreny
- camp (temporary outdoor accommodation)
- Synonym: campament
- field of study, discipline
- Synonym: disciplina
- (physics) field
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- “camp” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chinese
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: kem1
- Cantonese Pinyin: kem1
- Guangdong Romanization: kém1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
camp
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) camp (organised event); summer camp
See also
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: kem1
- Cantonese Pinyin: kem1
- Guangdong Romanization: kém1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Adjective
camp
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) camp (effeminate)
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 娘娘腔 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 母裡母氣 |
Taiwan | 娘娘腔, 娘炮 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 母聲母氣 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 乸型, 婆乸型, 女人型, 女人士 |
Hong Kong | 乸型, camp | |
Gan | Lichuan | 娘娘腔 |
Hakka | Meixian | 半婦人 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 阿娘相 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 母相 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 查某體 |
Quanzhou | 查某體 | |
Zhangzhou | 查某體, 軟母 | |
Tainan | 查某體 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 查某體 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 娘娘腔 |
Hangzhou | 娘娘腔 |
References
- Bauer, Robert S. (2021) ABC Cantonese-English Comprehensive Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 538
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
Noun
camp m (plural camps) (ORB, broad)
Derived terms
References
- camp in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
- camp in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
French
Etymology 1
Probably from a Norman or Picard word equivalent to French champ (itself inherited from Old French champ and Latin), from Old Northern French camp, from Latin campus, or alternatively from Occitan camp, Old Occitan camp, possibly Italian campo. Doublet of campus and champ.
Pronunciation
Noun
camp m (plural camps)
- camp (An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.)
- Il a dressé son camp de l'autre côté de la rivière. ― He has erected his camp on the other side of the river.
- camp (Semi-temporary accommodation)
- Un camp de concentration. ― A concentration camp.
- camp (A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary)
- Les camps ennemis. ― The enemy camps.
- camp (A group of people with the same ideals or political leanings, strongly supported.)
- Ce pays est partagé en deux camps. ― This country is divided into two camps.
- camp, summer camp
- Un camp de vacances. ― A summer camp. (idiomatic; French usage does not specify a season)
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gay_Pride_Paris_2008_n6.jpg/220px-Gay_Pride_Paris_2008_n6.jpg)
Pronunciation
Adjective
camp (invariable)
- camp (Intentionally tasteless or vulgar, self-parodying, affected, exaggerated)
- Une folle camp ne peut jamais en faire trop.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Noun
camp m (uncountable)
- campness; An affected, exaggerated or intentionally tasteless style
- La tactique des Sœurs dans la lutte contre le sida repose sur une stratégie politique : une utilisation du camp, une réappropriation revendiquée de l’efféminement, de la visibilité homosexuelle et de la follitude qui visent à désarmer les injonctions morales pesant sur la sexualité – sociales, religieuses, liées au sexe, au genre, aux pratiques sexuelles…
Synonyms
Further reading
- “camp”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English campian.
Verb
camp
- Alternative form of campen
Etymology 2
Adjective
camp
- Alternative form of kempe (“shaggy”)
Norman
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Northern French camp (compare Old French champ), from Latin campus, from Proto-Indo-European *kamp- (“to bend; crooked”). Compare French champ.
Noun
camp m (plural camps)
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *kamp, from Latin campus.
Pronunciation
Noun
camp m
Declension
Derived terms
- campdōm
- campealdor
- campġefēra
- camphād
- camplīċ
- camprǣden
- campstede
- campung
- campwǣpen
- campwudu
- campwered
Noun
camp n
- an enclosed piece of land
Descendants
Old French
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Goldfield.jpg/220px-Goldfield.jpg)
Noun
camp oblique singular, m (oblique plural cans, nominative singular cans, nominative plural camp)
- Alternative form of champ (“field”)
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh camp, from Proto-Brythonic *kamp, from Latin campus, from the senses of "field of action, scope, opportunity, or produce of a field". Doublet of Caint (“Kent”) and siampên (“champagne”).
Pronunciation
Noun
camp f (plural campau)
- feat, accomplishment
- Synonym: gorchest
- sport, contest
Derived terms
- campfa (“gymnasium, stadium”)
- campus (“excellent, splendid”)
- campwaith (“masterpiece”)
- campwr (“champion”)
Mutation
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/æmp
- Rhymes:English/æmp/1 syllable
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kh₂em-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Middle French
- English terms derived from Old Northern French
- English doublets
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- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
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- English terms with obsolete senses
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- English informal terms
- English prison slang
- en:Agriculture
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- English transitive verbs
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- en:Sports
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- English short forms
- English terms with unknown etymologies
- English terms derived from Polari
- English adjectives
- English slang
- en:Collectives
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- ca:Physics
- Cantonese terms borrowed from English
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- Chinese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms written in foreign scripts
- Hong Kong Cantonese
- Chinese adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Franco-Provençal terms borrowed from French
- Franco-Provençal terms derived from French
- Franco-Provençal lemmas
- Franco-Provençal nouns
- Franco-Provençal countable nouns
- Franco-Provençal masculine nouns
- ORB, broad
- French terms derived from Norman
- French terms derived from Old Northern French
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms derived from Occitan
- French terms derived from Old Occitan
- French terms borrowed from Italian
- French terms derived from Italian
- French doublets
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
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- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
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- French terms borrowed from English
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- French uncountable nouns
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse
- Middle English terms derived from Old Norse
- Middle English adjectives
- Norman terms inherited from Old Northern French
- Norman terms derived from Old Northern French
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms inherited from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norman lemmas
- Norman nouns
- Norman masculine nouns
- Guernsey Norman
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Latin
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English masculine nouns
- Old English masculine a-stem nouns
- Old English neuter nouns
- ang:Military
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Old Northern French
- Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Latin
- Welsh doublets
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh nouns
- Welsh countable nouns
- Welsh feminine nouns