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Notable Scientists & Natural Philosophers

A

Agre, Peter (1949 – )

Notable Accomplishments

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 - “for the discovery of water channels”, shared with Roderick MacKinnon “for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes.”
Aquaporins

Aquaporins

Aquaporin illustration^[c]
2D structure of aquaporin 1 (AQP1)^[d]
Aquaporin Z
AQP-channel

Publications

Agre, Peter (2003). Aquaporin Water Channels (Nobel Lecture) (Recorded December 8, 2003, Aula Magna, Stockholm University). Nobel Prize (published December 8, 2003). (0:45:27)
Agre, Peter (2004). "Aquaporin Water Channels (Nobel Lecture)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43 (33): 4278-4290. August 13, 2004. doi:10.1002/anie.200460804. PMID 15368374. https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/agre-lecture.pdf.
Agre, Peter; Preston, Gregory M.; Smith, Barbara L.; Jung, Jin Sup; Raina, Surabhi; Moon, Chulso; Guggino, William B.; Nielson, Søren (1993). "Aquaporin CHIP: the archetypal molecular water channel". American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology 265 (4): F463-F476. October 1, 1993. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1993.265.4.F463. PMID 7694481. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajprenal.1993.265.4.F463.

Arendt, Detlev

Notable Accomplishments

Evolutionary Developmental Biologist
Dorsal-Ventral Axis Inversion Theory

Publications

Arendt, Detlev (2008). "The evolution of cell types in animals: emerging principles from molecular studies". Nature Reviews Genetics 9 (11): 868–882. doi:10.1038/nrg2416. PMID 18927580. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg2416.
Arendt, Detlev (2017). 10-on-10: The Chronicles of Evolution - Detlev Arendt. Para Limes (published April 17, 2017). (0:53:37)
Arendt, Detlev (2021). Whole-Body Correlation Of Gene Expression With Single-Cell Morphology (ADC Hindsight February 2021). Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing (published February 6, 2021). (0:44:44)
Arendt, Detlev; Nubler-Jung, Katharina (1994). "Inversion of the Dorsoventral Axis?". Nature 371 (6492): 26. September 1, 1994. doi:10.1038/371026a0. PMID 8072524. https://www.nature.com/articles/371026a0.pdf?origin=ppub.
Arendt, Detlev; Technau, Ulrich; Wittbrodt, Joachim (2001). "Evolution of the Bilaterian Larval Foregut". Nature 409 (6816): 81-85. January 4, 2001. doi:10.1038/35051075. PMID 11343117. https://www.nature.com/articles/35051075.

Nübler-Jung et al.

Nübler-Jung, Katharina; Arendt, Detlev (1994a). "Is ventral in insects dorsal in vertebrates? : A history of embryological arguments favouring axis inversion in chordate ancestors". Rouxs Archives of Developmental Biology 203 (7–8): 357–366. doi:10.1007/BF00188683. PMID 28305940. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28305940/.
Nübler-Jung, Katharina; Arendt, Detlev (September 1, 1994). "Inversion of dorsoventral axis?". Nature 371 (6492): 461–478. doi:10.1038/371026a0. PMID 072524. https://www.nature.com/articles/371026a0.pdf.
Nübler-Jung, Katharina; Arendt, Detlev (1996). "Common ground plans in early brain development in mice and flies". BioEssays 18 (3): 255–259. March 1996. doi:10.1002/bies.950180314. PMID 8867740. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bies.950180314.

Tosches et al.

Tosches, Maria Antonietta; Arendt, Detlev (2013). "The bilaterian forebrain: an evolutionary chimaera". Current Opinion in Neurobiology 23 (6): 1080-1089. December 2013. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.09.005. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959438813001840.

Arrehenius, Svante (1859 – 1927)

Notable Accomplishments

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903 - "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation."
Theory of Hydronium (H₃O⁺) Acids and Hydroxide (OH⁻) Bases
The Arrhenius Equation

The Arrhenius Equation

$k=Ae^{\frac {-E_{\rm {a}}}{RT}},$ where

$k$ is the Rate Constant (frequency of collisions resulting in a reaction),

and is a function of

$A$ is the Pre-exponential Factor (a temperature-independent constant),
$E a$ is the Activation Energy for the reaction,
$R$ is the Universal Gas Constant.
$T$ is the Absolute Temperature (in Kelvin),

The Arrhenius Plot

Taking the natural logarithm of Arrhenius equation yields & Rearranging yields: $\ln k={\frac {-E_{\rm {a}}}{R}}\left({\frac {1}{T}}\right)+\ln A.$

Publications

Arrehenius, Svante (1887). "On The Dissociation of Substances Dissolved in Water (Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie: Vol. I, pp. 631, 1887)". In Willaim C. Dampier and Margaret Dampier. Cosmology, Atomic Theory, Evolution: Classic Readings in the Literature of Science. Dover Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-0-486-16563-9. https://store.doverpublications.com/0486165639.html.
Arrehenius, Svante (1896). "XXXI. On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. Series 5 41 (251): 237-276. April 1896. doi:10.1080/14786449608620846. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786449608620846.
Arrehenius, Svante (1903). "Development of the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation (Nobel Lecture)". Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901-1921. Delivered December 11, 1903 Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam (published 1966). https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/arrhenius-lecture.pdf.

Aston, Francis W. (1877 – 1945)

Notable Accomplishments

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922 - "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule."

Publications

Aston, Francis W. (1919). "The Constitution of the Elements". Nature 104 (2616): 393. December 18, 1919. doi:10.1038/104393b0. https://www.nature.com/articles/104393b0.
Aston, Francis W. (1920). "Isotopes and Atomic Weights". Nature 105 (2646): 617-619. July 15, 1920. doi:10.1038/105617a0. https://www.nature.com/articles/105617a0.
Aston, Francis W. (1922). "Mass Spectra and Isotopes (Nobel Lecture)". Nobel Lectures in Chemistry 1922 – 1941. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/3731. ISBN 978-9-810-23406-5. https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/aston-lecture.pdf.

Replica of Francis William Aston's Third Mass Spectrometer

Axelrod, Julius (1912 - 2004)

Notable Accomplishments

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 -shared with Sir Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler “for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation.”
Catecholamine Neurotransmitters & their Metabolism

Biosynthesis of the Catecholamine Neurotransmitters

Publications

Axelrod, Julius (1971). "Noradrenaline: Fate and Control of Its Biosynthesis (Nobel Lecture)". Science. Nobel Lectures delivered December 12, 1970 173 (3997): 598-606. August 13, 1971. doi:10.1126/science.173.3997.598. PMID 4397955. https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/axelrod-lecture.pdf.
Axelrod, Julius (1981). "Catecholamine neurotransmitters, psychoactive drugs, and biological clocks". Journal of Neurosurgery. The 1981 Harvey Cushing oration 55 (5): 669-677. November 1981. doi:10.3171/jns.1981.55.5.0669. PMID 6118401. https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/55/5/article-p669.xml.
Axelrod, Julius (1994). History Of Neuroscience - Julius Axelrod (Recorded November 21, 1994). Society For Neuroscience (published July 5, 2012). (0:56:04)
Axelrod, Julius; Brady, Roscoe O.; Witkop, Bernhard; Evarts, Edward V. (1957). "The Distribution and Metabolism of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. The Pharmacology of Psychotomimetic and Psychotherapeutic Drugs 66: 435-444. March 14, 1957. doi:1111/j.1749-6632.1957.tb40739.x. PMID 13425233. https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1957.tb40739.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed.

Julius Axelrod at the Blackboard

Notes & Commentary

Notes & Commentary

↑ Subject to major change, revision ,and/or retraction at any moment.
↑ NPH MRI 272 GILD
↑ 173-Aquaporin 1fqy
↑ Depicting the six transmembrane alpha-helices and the five interhelical loop regions A-E
↑ First Solvay conference on Chemistry, 1992:
Back Row - Georges Chavanne, Octave Dony-Hénault, Frédéric Swarts, Charles-Victor Mauguin, Édouard Herzen, L. Flamache, Edouard Hannon, Auguste Piccard
Middle Row - Marcel Delépine, Einar Biilmann, Henri Wuyts, Thomas Martin Lowry, Georges Urbain, Jean Perrin, Frans Maurits Jaeger, André Louis Debierne, Hans Rupe, Alfred Berthoud, R.-H. Pickard
Front Row - Charles Moureu, Francis William Aston, Sir William Henry Bragg, Henry Edward Armstrong, Sir William Jackson Pope, Ernest Solvay, Albin Haller, Svante Arrhenius, Frederick Soddy
↑ First Solvay conference on Chemistry, 1922:
Back Row - Georges Chavanne, Octave Dony-Hénault, Frédéric Swarts, Charles-Victor Mauguin, Édouard Herzen, L. Flamache, Edouard Hannon, Auguste Piccard
Middle Row - Marcel Delépine, Einar Biilmann, Henri Wuyts, Thomas Martin Lowry, Georges Urbain, Jean Perrin, Frans Maurits Jaeger, André Louis Debierne, Hans Rupe, Alfred Berthoud, R.-H. Pickard
Front Row - Charles Moureu, Francis William Aston, Sir William Henry Bragg, Henry Edward Armstrong, Sir William Jackson Pope, Ernest Solvay, Albin Haller, Svante Arrhenius, Frederick Soddy

Citations

List of Citations

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[1] Subject to major change, revision ,and/or retraction at any moment.

[2] NPH MRI 272 GILD

[3] 173-Aquaporin 1fqy

[4] Depicting the six transmembrane alpha-helices and the five interhelical loop regions A-E

[5] First Solvay conference on Chemistry, 1992:
Back Row - Georges Chavanne, Octave Dony-Hénault, Frédéric Swarts, Charles-Victor Mauguin, Édouard Herzen, L. Flamache, Edouard Hannon, Auguste Piccard
Middle Row - Marcel Delépine, Einar Biilmann, Henri Wuyts, Thomas Martin Lowry, Georges Urbain, Jean Perrin, Frans Maurits Jaeger, André Louis Debierne, Hans Rupe, Alfred Berthoud, R.-H. Pickard
Front Row - Charles Moureu, Francis William Aston, Sir William Henry Bragg, Henry Edward Armstrong, Sir William Jackson Pope, Ernest Solvay, Albin Haller, Svante Arrhenius, Frederick Soddy

[6] First Solvay conference on Chemistry, 1922:
Back Row - Georges Chavanne, Octave Dony-Hénault, Frédéric Swarts, Charles-Victor Mauguin, Édouard Herzen, L. Flamache, Edouard Hannon, Auguste Piccard
Middle Row - Marcel Delépine, Einar Biilmann, Henri Wuyts, Thomas Martin Lowry, Georges Urbain, Jean Perrin, Frans Maurits Jaeger, André Louis Debierne, Hans Rupe, Alfred Berthoud, R.-H. Pickard
Front Row - Charles Moureu, Francis William Aston, Sir William Henry Bragg, Henry Edward Armstrong, Sir William Jackson Pope, Ernest Solvay, Albin Haller, Svante Arrhenius, Frederick Soddy

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