User talk:Iaaasi/Hunyadi
Hunyadi - Romanian[edit]
Medieval sources[edit]
Because of his origins[1] he was named Valachus or Balachus ("the Wallachian") in some contemporary texts (from the article)
In medieval text his nickname was The White Knight of Wallachia
The act of donation, written by King Sigismund of Lumxemburg, in 1409. “„Voik aulae suae militi, ac per eum Magas et Radul carnalibus, ac Radul patrueli fratribus, nec non Joanni, filio, suis terram Hunyadvár conferentis nro I. Voik, Radul nomina originem produnt valachicam. Tum Alberti, qui patrem Joannis nostri, expresse Olah [Olah means Vlach], seu Valachum compellat, diplomate, quo hunc Banum Zeuriniensem constituit”
Antonio Bonfini, chronicler from Corvinus's court: “Parentibus nequaquam obscuris editus; pater namque inter Valachos – e Transalpinis oris in Transilvaniam translatus fuisse fertur”
Pope Pius II, Pope during John Hunyadi’s life: Huniades, – Dacus hic (nunc Valachos appellant) natione fuit, haud claro genere natus, sed factis per arma clarissimus
John Thuroczy, famous humanist who worked at Matthias Corvinus’s court: “Erat nobili et claro Transalpinae [Transalpina = Wallachia] gentis de gremio natus Joannes de Hunyad. – Peregrinis de partibus regni Hungariae deductus inter oras. – Fertur rex Sigismundus genitorem ipsius, virtutis merito, partibus de Transalpinis suum traduxisse in dominium”
Gaspar Heltai, a Hungarian humanist of the 16th century, wrote the following on John’s mother: “Opulenti Boyeronis [boyar (boier) is a distinctly Romanian nobiliary title, not Hungarian] filiam – ex genere Morsinai – Transalpinus quidam Boyero, nomine Woyk, qui ob simultates valachicas' huc (in Transilvaniam) se patriis, ex oris receperat, venustate Morsinaianae captus, duxit. – Elisabetham, vocatam ferunt”
Philippe de Commynes, French chronicler: “le chevalier Blanc, de la Vallaquie, gentil homme de grand sens et vertu.” http://users.skynet.be/antoine.mechelynck/chroniq/comm/C6_12.htm
Tirant Lo Blanc, Catalan chronicle. Foreword by editor. The chronicle is about a man based on John Hunyadi: “The most obvious link between Hunyadi and Tiran is their names… Because of his origins, the Hungarian general was often referred to as Valachus or Balachus – a name frequently corryupted to Blach, and, by extension, to Blanc or Blanch in Catalan...” [Martorell, Joanot and de Galba, Marti J. Tirant Lo Blanc. John Hopkins University Press. 1996. p. xvii. http://books.google.ca/books?id=ta3Nj6_qIUAC&pg=PR17&dq=]
Modern sources[edit]
I avoided Romanian sources (who suggest in their integrality the Romanian origin), not to be said that they are biased
"Hunyadi[...] was born a Romanian"
The realm of St. Stephen: a history of medieval Hungary, 895-1526 - Pál Engel,Pal Engel,Andrew Ayton,Tamás Pálosfalvi http://books.google.hu/books?id=vEJNBqanT_8C&printsec=frontcover#v=snippet&q=romanian%20hunyadi&f=false (Hungarian source)
1. "it may be taken as proved that the family of Hunyadi was of Rumanian origin" Catholic Encyclopedia [1] (neutral source)
2. "a petty Transylvanian nobleman of Romanian descent, Hunyadi" Babinger, Franz. et al. Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. 2nd Edition. 1992. page. 20 [2] (neutral source)
3. "He had risen from small beginnings; son of a lesser noble of Vlach origin" Macartney, C. A.: Hungary - A Short History [3] (neutral source)
4. "Though of Vlach descent, Janos was a Magyar magnate from Transylvania," [4] Hungary, a nation of contradictionsBy Iván Völgyes (Hungarian source)
5. "Johannes de Hunyad may equally be called Iancu de Hunedoara (Romanian) or János Hunyadi (Hungarian), because he was born a Romanian, but became a Hungarian nobleman and also regent of Hungary.” The realm of St. Stephen: a history of medieval Hungary, 895-1526 - Pál Engel,Pal Engel,Andrew Ayton,Tamás Pálosfalvi [[5]] (Hungarian source)
6. "a Magyarized Romanian from Transylvania, János Hunyadi, became regent of Hungary." Ronald D. Bachman, ed. Romania: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1989 http://countrystudies.us/romania/8.htm (neutral source)
7. "son of a lesser noble of Vlach origin" [6] Hungary; a short history By Carlile Aylmer Macartney (neutral source)
8.“Hunyadi was a descendant of a Vlach (Romanian) noble family that had moved to Hungary." [7] A History of Hungary Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák, Tibor Frank - History - 1994 page 63 (Hungarian source)
9."Although some Hungarian historians have tried to disprove that the Hunyadi family was of Vlach (Wallachian) origin, the overwhelming evidence supports the view that they indeed were not Magyars, but rose in the service of the Hungarian king, received nobility, intermarried with Magyar noble families, and thus rose to prominence." [8] (Hungarian source)
10.“Hungarian general and regent. The son of a Romanian noble granted the estate of Hunyadi in Transylnvaia by King Sigismund…” [Sandler, Stanley. Ground Warfare, an International Encyclopedia, Volume 3. p. 391. http://books.google.ca/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&pg=PT427&dq=] (neutral source)
11.“On the face of it, his father was a Wallachian (Romanian) knight who was awarded the Transylvanian fortress of Vajda-Hunyad for his services to King Sigismund and henceforth went under the name of Hunyadi.” [Bodeleux. Robert and Jeffries, Ian. A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change. P. 197. http://books.google.ca/books?id=6Eh9KQTrOckC&pg=PA197&dq=] (neutral source)
12. “The glorious political and military career of Matthias’s father John Hunyadi marked the social rise of this Romanian family of lesser nobility.” [Vauchez, Andre et al. Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Volume 1. Routledge Publishing. 2000. p. 706. http://books.google.com/books?id=qtgotOF0MKQC&pg=PA706&dq=] (neutral source)
13. “Nevertheless, a warlike Romanian elite led by regional voivodes and knyazates still existed around Maramures and other parts of eastern Transylvania, defending these regions against nomad infiltrations well into the 14th century. The great Hunyadi Janos came from such a background.” [Nicolle, David and McBride, Angus. Hungary and the Fall of Eastern Europe, 1000-1568. p. 11. http://books.google.ca/books?id=PmZmOkfkr9oC&pg=PA11&dq=] (neutral source)
14.“Led by their greatest general, János Hunyadi, a Magyarized Romanian noble from Transylvania, in 1441 and 1442 they attacked Murad’s skeleton Balkan forces and penetrated deep into Ottoman territory.” [Hupchick, Dennis P. The Balkans : From Constantinople to Communism. New York, NY, USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. p 116.] (neutral source)
15."A Vlach aristrocracy has recently developed [...] The great Hunyadi Janos came from suckh a bbackground" Hungary and the fall of Eastern Europe 1000-1568, By David Nicolle, Angus McBride[9] (neutral source)
16.“John Hunyadi's Romanian origins were not forgotten. Quite apart from the “de Hunyad” name, foreign historical narratives often refer to him as “John the Romanian”.” [Tringli, István. “King Matthias and the Medieval Hungarian State”. The Hungarian Quarterly, 190, 2008. http://www.eurozine.com/journals/hq/issue/2008-07-03.html] (neutral source)
17."Vlach father" East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500 By Jean W. Sedlar [10] "Vlach father"
18 "Hunyadi azonban megmenekült, mert át tudta vágni magát az ellenséges ... bevándorolt Hunyadi Vajk vlachkenéz" A két Hunyadi - Page 50 Dezső Dümmerth - History - 1985 - 277 pages [11] (Hungarian source)
19. "It is hardly coincidental that the mass ennoblement of Romanian cnezes is linked to the name of János Hunyadi, for this great general had grown up among them and understood their aspirations" http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/84.html "History of Transylvania" and is written by "INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES". (neutral source)
20. "János was of Walachian (a region now in Romania) ancestry." Encyclopædia Britannica |http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/277182/Janos-Hunyadi "Janos Hunyadi"]
21. The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 23 - Page 669 Janos Hunyadi ( John of Hunedoara), the governor of Transylvania, who was of Romanian origin; (neutral source)
22. "immigrated with his father from Wallachia," [12] (neutral source)
23. "the son of a Romanian noble" [13] Ground warfare: an international encyclopedia, Volume 1 By Stanley Sandler (neutral source)
24. "the indisputable Romanian origin of John Hunyadi" [14]
25. "Hungary's greatest military figure, John *Hunyadi, a native of Transylvania born to a family of lesser nobility of Romanian origin" ([15] Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages)
26. "John Hunyadi, a Hungarian nobleman of Romanian descent, led Hungarians in defeating the Ottoman Empire in 1456" ([16] Encyclopedia of Slavic Myth and Legend:
27. "his father was a Wallachian (Romanian) knight" ([17] A history of eastern Europe: crisis and change De Robert Bideleux,Ian Jeffries)
28. "Even though Biondo knows of the Rumanian descent of János Hunyadi" http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/chk/chk01.pdf (Hungarian source)
29. "A Transylvanian general born of a Wallachian (Romanian) father" Hungary, By Steve Fallon, Neal Bedford [18] (neutral source)
30. "Although some Hungarian historians have tried to disprove that the Hunyadi family was of Vlach (Wallachian) origin, the overwhelming evidence supports the view that they indeed were not Magyars" Transylvania: the roots of ethnic conflict By John F. Cadzow, Andrew Ludányi, Louis J. Éltető [19] (Hungarian source)
31. "son of a lesser noble of Vlach origin" Edinburgh University publications: History, philosophy and economics, Issue 13 By University of Edinburgh [20] (neutral source)
32. "It was a Romanian Vlach from Transylvania, known in Romania as Iancu of Hunedoara, but called Janos Hunyadi by Hungarians, who became Hungary's regent " [21] The patriots' revolution: how Eastern Europe toppled communism, By Mark Frankland(neutral source)
33. "son of Vajk, a Vlach" http://books.google.com/books?id=8OQ4AAAAIAAJ&q=hunyadi+vlach&dq=hunyadi+vlach&lr=&cd=23
34. "JANOS HUNYADI (c. 1387-1456), Hungarian statesman and warrior, was the son of Vojk, a Magyarized Vlach who married Elizabeth Morzsinay." Bitannica 1911 [22]
35. "Vajk, a Vlach kenez in south-eastern Hungary" http://books.google.com/books?ei=D-ptTavRKtOH4gb9sNyfDQ&ct=result&id=8OQ4AAAAIAAJ&dq=History+of+the+Hungarian+nation+By+Domokos+G.+Kos%C3%A1ry%2C+Steven+B%C3%A9la+V%C3%A1rdy%2C+Danubian+Research+Cente&q=vajk#search_anchor History of the Hungarian nation By Domokos G. Kosáry, Steven Béla Várdy, Danubian Research Center (Hungarian source)
36. "hunyadi was a descendant of a Vlach(Romanian) noble family" http://books.google.ro/books?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+History+of+Hungary++De+Peter+F.+Sugar,P%C3%A9ter+Han%C3%A1k,Tibor+Frank&cd=1#v=onepage&q=descendant%20of%20a%20vlach&f=false A History of Hungary Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák, Tibor Frank - History - 1994 page 63 (Hungarian source)
37. [23] "Matyas Hunyadi [...] was of Romanian origin on his father's side" Paul Lendvai (Hungarian source)