User:Mr. Ibrahem/Paclitaxel
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Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Taxol, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a607070 |
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Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous (IV) |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 6.5% (by mouth)[2] |
Protein binding | 89 to 98% |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP2C8 and CYP3A4) |
Elimination half-life | 5.8 hours |
Excretion | Fecal and urinary |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C47H51NO14 |
Molar mass | 853.918 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.[4] This includes ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer.[4] It is given by injection into a vein.[4] There is also an albumin-bound formulation.[4]
Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, numbness, allergic reactions, muscle pains, and diarrhea.[4] Other serious side effects include heart problems, increased risk of infection, and lung inflammation.[4] There are concerns that use during pregnancy may cause birth defects.[5][4] Paclitaxel is in the taxane family of medications.[6] It works by interference with the normal function of microtubules during cell division.[4]
Paclitaxel was first isolated in 1971 from the Pacific yew and approved for medical use in 1993.[7][8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$7.06–13.48 per 100 mg vial.[10] This amount in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about 66.85 GBP.[11] It has been made from precursors, and more recently through cell culture.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Paclitaxel Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 24 January 2019. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ Peltier S, Oger JM, Lagarce F, Couet W, Benoît JP (June 2006). "Enhanced oral paclitaxel bioavailability after administration of paclitaxel-loaded lipid nanocapsules". Pharmaceutical Research. 23 (6): 1243–50. doi:10.1007/s11095-006-0022-2. PMID 16715372.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
who
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g h "Paclitaxel". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
- ^ Berveiller P, Mir O (2012). "Taxanes during pregnancy: probably safe, but still to be optimized". Oncology. 83 (4): 239–40. doi:10.1159/000341820. PMID 22907122.
- ^ Chang, Alfred E.; Ganz, Patricia A.; Hayes, Daniel F.; Kinsella, Timothy; Pass, Harvey I.; Schiller, Joan H.; Stone, Richard M.; Strecher, Victor (2007). Oncology: An Evidence-Based Approach. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 34. ISBN 9780387310565. Archived from the original on 2016-12-21.
- ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 512. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2016-12-21.
- ^ a b "Taxol® (NSC 125973)". National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2016. Wayback machine
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Paclitaxel". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 623. ISBN 9780857111562.