User:Brickie/Sandbox/F1 1991

Nigel Mansell finished as runner-up with Williams.

Mansell's team-mate Riccardo Patrese ended the season ranked third.

The 1991 Formula One season was the 42nd FIA Formula One World Championship season. It commenced on March 10, 1991, and ended on November 3 after sixteen races. Ayrton Senna won his third Drivers' World Championship, and his McLaren team were Constructors' champions.

Pre-Season

Amid the political turmoil of the Gulf War and attendant fears of terrorism, not to mention a global recession, some questions were raised as to whether the 1991 Formula One season ought to go ahead at all. ^[1] However, even despite this, 18 teams had entered a total of 34 cars, and racing went ahead.

Driver and team changes

In all, ten drivers from the previous year would not find drives in 1991, with a number of new drivers making debuts.

The McLaren team kept their successful 1990 pairing of Ayrton Senna and Gerhard Berger, while Nigel Mansell rejoined Williams after two years at Ferrari. The Italian team replaced the departing Englishman with Jean Alesi who had impressed for the Tyrrell team the previous year. He would partner Alain Prost. Triple champion Nelson Piquet remained at the Benetton team and was initially partnered by his childhood friend Roberto Moreno, though future star Michael Schumacher would replace Moreno partway through the season.

The Arrows team took the name Footwork for the season, and the Osella team likewise became Fondmetal, both for sponsorship reasons. Team Lotus had been completely relaunched in the wake of their disastrous 1990, a management buyout, and the loss of title sponsor Camel.

There were two new teams on the grid for 1991: One was Jordan Grand Prix, making the step up from International Formula 3000 with Andrea de Cesaris and Bertrand Gachot their initial drivers. Less successful would be Modena, who were in all but name the works team for Lamborghini.

Rules and technical changes

For 1991, two amendments were made to the scoring system. Firstly, the number of points awarded for a race win was increased from 9 to 10, and secondly, points from all the driver's races would now be counted, instead of only the best eleven results.

Wing sizes had been reduced, and the rear wing was required to be mounted further forwards, both in an attempt to reduce downforce, but testing showed that, regardless, the cars were faster rather than slower than previously ^[2]

Season Summary

The 1991 season was initially dominated by Ayrton Senna, the defending champion winning the first four races from pole position. An eventful fifth race of the season in Canada saw Nelson Piquet win, and the following four races were won by Williams drivers: Riccardo Patrese in Mexico and Nigel Mansell in France, Britain and Germany. Senna's fight-back came with back-to-back wins in the next two races, but then Mansell won two of the next three races to keep his challenge alive despite his disqualification in Portugal. Ayrton Senna clinched the World Championship at the penultimate race in Japan (at which he allowed his team-mate Gerhard Berger to take the race win in recognition of his efforts for the team). The final race of the season, in Australia, was conducted in torrential rain and abandoned after just 14 laps with half-points being awarded.

The Ferrari team endured a torrid season, and star driver Alain Prost became more and more vocal in his criticism of the car, culminating in his dismissal prior to the last race of the season. He would take a "sabbatical" year in 1992.^[3]

Belgian driver Bertrand Gachot was charged with assault after an incident involving a London taxi driver, and his replacement at Jordan was promising Mercedes sports-car driver Michael Schumacher. Schumacher made an impressive debut at the Belgian Grand Prix, qualifying seventh and running well until he retired. Following this, he controversially moved to Benetton, and although Eddie Jordan claimed he had an agreement from Mercedes for Schumacher to remain with him, the German signed a multiple-year contract with Benetton and would go on to win two championships with them. ^[4]

On 9 October, Max Mosley was elected the new president of FISA, the first Englishman to hold the post. He took over from Jean-Marie Balestre.

Teams and Drivers

The following teams and drivers competed in the 1991 FIA Formula One World Championship.

Entrant	Constructor	Chassis	Engine	Tyre	No	Driver	Test Driver(s)
Honda Marlboro McLaren	McLaren	MP4/6	Honda RA121E 3.5 V12	G	1	Ayrton Senna	Allan McNish Jonathan Palmer Stefan Johansson Roberto Moreno Emanuele Pirro Mark Blundell
Honda Marlboro McLaren	McLaren	MP4/6	Honda RA121E 3.5 V12	G	2	Gerhard Berger
Braun Tyrrell Honda	Tyrrell	020	Honda RA101E 3.5 V10	P	3	Satoru Nakajima	Johnny Herbert Volker Weidler
Braun Tyrrell Honda	Tyrrell	020	Honda RA101E 3.5 V10	P	4	Stefano Modena	Johnny Herbert Volker Weidler
Canon Williams Team	Williams	FW14	Renault RS3 3.5 V10	G	5	Nigel Mansell	Mark Blundell Damon Hill
Canon Williams Team	Williams	FW14	Renault RS3 3.5 V10	G	6	Riccardo Patrese	Mark Blundell Damon Hill
Motor Racing Developments Ltd.	Brabham	BT60Y	Yamaha OX99 3.5 V12	P	7	Martin Brundle	n/a
Motor Racing Developments Ltd.	Brabham	BT60Y	Yamaha OX99 3.5 V12	P	8	Mark Blundell	n/a
Footwork Grand Prix International	Footwork	FA11C FA12	Porsche 3512 3.5 V12 Ford DFR 3.5 V8	G	9	Michele Alboreto	n/a
					10	Alex Caffi
					10	Stefan Johansson
Team Lotus	Lotus	102B	Judd EV 3.5 V8	G	11	Mika Häkkinen	Johnny Herbert
					12	Julian Bailey
						Johnny Herbert
						Michael Bartels
Fondmetal F1 SpA	Fondmetal	FA1M-E Fomet-1	Ford DFR 3.5 V8	G	14	Olivier Grouillard	Marco Greco
Fondmetal F1 SpA	Fondmetal	FA1M-E Fomet-1	Ford DFR 3.5 V8	G	14	Gabriele Tarquini	Marco Greco
Leyton House Racing	Leyton House	CG911	Ilmor 2175A V10	G	15	Maurício Gugelmin	n/a
					16	Karl Wendlinger
					16	Ivan Capelli
Automobiles Gonfaronaise Sportive	AGS	JH25 JH25B JH27	Ford DFR 3.5 V8	G	17	Gabriele Tarquini	n/a
					17	Olivier Grouillard
					18	Stefan Johansson
					18	Fabrizio Barbazza
Camel Benetton Ford	Benetton	B190B B191	Ford HB5 3.5 V8	P	19	Roberto Moreno	n/a
					19	Michael Schumacher
					20	Nelson Piquet
Scuderia Italia SpA	Dallara	191	Judd GV 3.5 V10	P	21	Emanuele Pirro	n/a
Scuderia Italia SpA	Dallara	191	Judd GV 3.5 V10	P	22	Jyrki Järvilehto	n/a
Minardi Team	Minardi	M191	Ferrari 037 3.5 V12	G	23	Pierluigi Martini	n/a
					24	Gianni Morbidelli
					24	Roberto Moreno
Ligier Gitanes	Ligier	JS35 JS35B	Lamborghini 3512 3.5 V12	G	25	Thierry Boutsen	Emmanuel Collard
Ligier Gitanes	Ligier	JS35 JS35B	Lamborghini 3512 3.5 V12	G	26	Érik Comas	Emmanuel Collard
Scuderia Ferrari SpA	Ferrari	642 642/2 643	Ferrari 037 3.5 V12	G	27	Alain Prost	Gianni Morbidelli Andrea Montermini Dario Benuzzi
					27	Gianni Morbidelli
					28	Jean Alesi
Larrousse F1	Lola	LC91	Ford DFR V8	G	29	Éric Bernard	n/a
					29	Aguri Suzuki
					30	Bertrand Gachot
Coloni Racing Srl	Coloni	C4	Ford DFR V8	G	31	Pedro Chaves	n/a
Coloni Racing Srl	Coloni	C4	Ford DFR V8	G	31	Naoki Hattori	n/a
Team 7UP Jordan	Jordan	191	Ford HB4 V8	G	32	Bertrand Gachot	n/a
						Michael Schumacher
						Roberto Moreno
						Alessandro Zanardi
					33	Andrea de Cesaris
Modena Team SpA	Lambo	291	Lamborghini 3512 V12	G	34	Nicola Larini	Mauro Baldi Marco Apicella
Modena Team SpA	Lambo	291	Lamborghini 3512 V12	G	35	Eric van de Poele	Mauro Baldi Marco Apicella

Formula One 1991 race schedule

Round	Race	Date	Location
1	United States Grand Prix	March 10	Phoenix
2	Brazilian Grand Prix	March 24	Interlagos
3	San Marino Grand Prix	April 28	Imola
4	Monaco Grand Prix	May 12	Monaco
5	Canadian Grand Prix	June 2	Circuit Gilles Villeneuve
6	Mexican Grand Prix	June 16	Hermanos Rodriguez
7	French Grand Prix	July 7	Magny-Cours
8	British Grand Prix	July 14	Silverstone
9	German Grand Prix	July 28	Hockenheimring
10	Hungarian Grand Prix	August 11	Hungaroring
11	Belgian Grand Prix	August 25	Spa-Francorchamps
12	Italian Grand Prix	September 8	Monza
13	Portuguese Grand Prix	September 22	Estoril
14	Spanish Grand Prix	September 29	Catalunya
15	Japanese Grand Prix	October 20	Suzuka
16	Australian Grand Prix	November 3	Adelaide

Race Results

Round	Grand Prix	Pole Position	Fastest Lap	Winning Driver	Winning Constructor	Report
1	United States Grand Prix	Ayrton Senna	Jean Alesi	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	Report
2	Brazilian Grand Prix	Ayrton Senna	Nigel Mansell	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	Report
3	San Marino Grand Prix	Ayrton Senna	Gerhard Berger	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	Report
4	Monaco Grand Prix	Ayrton Senna	Alain Prost	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	Report
5	Canadian Grand Prix	Riccardo Patrese	Nigel Mansell	Nelson Piquet	Benetton-Ford	Report
6	Mexican Grand Prix	Riccardo Patrese	Nigel Mansell	Riccardo Patrese	Williams-Renault	Report
7	French Grand Prix	Riccardo Patrese	Nigel Mansell	Nigel Mansell	Williams-Renault	Report
8	British Grand Prix	Nigel Mansell	Nigel Mansell	Nigel Mansell	Williams-Renault	Report
9	German Grand Prix	Nigel Mansell	Riccardo Patrese	Nigel Mansell	Williams-Renault	Report
10	Hungarian Grand Prix	Ayrton Senna	Bertrand Gachot	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	Report
11	Belgian Grand Prix	Ayrton Senna	Roberto Moreno	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	Report
12	Italian Grand Prix	Ayrton Senna	Ayrton Senna	Nigel Mansell	Williams-Renault	Report
13	Portuguese Grand Prix	Riccardo Patrese	Nigel Mansell	Riccardo Patrese	Williams-Renault	Report
14	Spanish Grand Prix	Gerhard Berger	Riccardo Patrese	Nigel Mansell	Williams-Renault	Report
15	Japanese Grand Prix	Gerhard Berger	Ayrton Senna	Gerhard Berger	McLaren-Honda	Report
16	Australian Grand Prix	Ayrton Senna	Gerhard Berger	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	Report

1991 Constructors Championship final standings

Place	Constructor	Chassis	Engine	Tyre	Points	Wins	Podiums	Poles
1	McLaren-Honda	MP4/6	Honda RA121E	G	139	8	18	10
2	Williams-Renault	FW14	Renault RS3	G	125	7	17	6
3	Ferrari	F1-91 F1-91B	Ferrari 037	G	55.5		8
4	Benetton-Ford	B190B B191	Ford HBA5 Ford HBA6	P	38.5	1	3
5	Jordan-Ford	191	Ford HBB4	G	13
6	Tyrrell-Honda	020	Honda RA109E	P	12		1
7	Minardi-Ferrari	M191	Ferrari 037	G	6
8	Dallara-Judd	F191	Judd GV	P	5		1
9	Brabham-Yamaha	BT59Y BT60Y	Yamaha OX99	P	3
10	Lotus-Judd	102B	Judd EV	G	3
11	Lola-Ford	LC91	Ford DFR	G	2
12	Leyton House-Ilmor	CG911	Ilmor 2175A	G	1
13	Lambo-Lamborghini	291	Lamborghini 3512	G
14	Fondmetal-Ford	FA1ME-90	Ford DFR	G
15	Ligier-Lamborghini	JS35 JS35B	Lamborghini 3512	G
16	Coloni-Ford	C4	Ford DFR	G
17	AGS-Ford	JH25B JH27	Ford DFR	G
18	Footwork-Porsche Footwork-Ford	A11C FA12	Porsche V12 Ford DFR	G

1991 Drivers Championship final standings

Pos	Driver	USA	BRA	SMR	MON	CAN	MEX	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	ESP	JPN	AUS	Points
1	Ayrton Senna	1	1	1	1	Ret	3	3	4	7	1	1	2	2	5	2	1	96
2	Nigel Mansell	Ret	Ret	Ret	2	6	2	1	1	1	2	Ret	1	DSQ	1	Ret	2	72
3	Riccardo Patrese	Ret	2	Ret	Ret	3	1	5	Ret	2	3	5	Ret	1	3	3	5	53
4	Gerhard Berger	Ret	3	2	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	2	4	4	2	4	Ret	Ret	1	3	43
5	Alain Prost	2	4	DNS	5	Ret	Ret	2	3	Ret	Ret	Ret	3	Ret	2	4		34
6	Nelson Piquet	3	5	Ret	Ret	1	Ret	8	5	Ret	Ret	3	6	5	11	7	4	26.5
7	Jean Alesi	12	6	Ret	3	Ret	Ret	4	Ret	3	5	Ret	Ret	3	4	Ret	Ret	21
8	Stefano Modena	4	Ret	Ret	Ret	2	11	Ret	7	13	12	Ret	Ret	Ret	16	6	10	10
9	Andrea de Cesaris	DNPQ	Ret	Ret	Ret	4	4	6	Ret	5	7	13	7	8	Ret	Ret	8	9
10	Roberto Moreno	Ret	7	13	4	Ret	5	Ret	Ret	8	8	4	Ret	10			16	8
11	Pierluigi Martini	9	Ret	4	12	7	Ret	9	9	Ret	Ret	12	Ret	4	13	Ret	Ret	6
12	Jyrki Järvilehto	Ret	Ret	3	11	Ret	Ret	Ret	13	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	8	Ret	12	4
13	Bertrand Gachot	10	13	Ret	8	5	Ret	Ret	6	6	9						DNQ	4
14	Michael Schumacher											Ret	5	6	6	Ret	Ret	4
15	Satoru Nakajima	5	Ret	Ret	Ret	10	12	Ret	8	Ret	15	Ret	Ret	13	17	Ret	Ret	2
16	Mika Häkkinen	Ret	9	5	Ret	Ret	9	DNQ	12	Ret	14	Ret	14	14	Ret	Ret	19	2
17	Martin Brundle	11	12	11	DSQ	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	11	Ret	9	13	12	10	5	DNQ	2
18	Emanuele Pirro	Ret	11	DNPQ	6	9	DNPQ	DNPQ	10	10	Ret	8	10	Ret	15	Ret	7	1
19	Mark Blundell	Ret	Ret	8	Ret	DNQ	Ret	Ret	Ret	12	Ret	6	12	Ret	Ret	DNPQ	17	1
20	Ivan Capelli	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	6	Ret	8	17	Ret			1
21	Éric Bernard	Ret	Ret	Ret	9	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	DNQ	Ret	DNPQ		1
22	Aguri Suzuki	6	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	DNQ	DNQ	Ret	DNQ	Ret	DNQ	1
23	Julian Bailey	DNQ	DNQ	6	DNQ													1
24	Gianni Morbidelli	Ret	8	Ret	Ret	Ret	7	Ret	11	Ret	13	Ret	9	9	14	Ret	6	0.5
NC	Maurício Gugelmin	Ret	Ret	12	Ret	Ret	Ret	7	Ret	Ret	11	Ret	15	7	7	8	14	0
NC	Thierry Boutsen	Ret	10	7	7	Ret	8	12	Ret	9	17	11	Ret	16	Ret	9	Ret	0
NC	Johnny Herbert					DNQ	10	10	14			7		Ret		Ret	11	0
NC	Nicola Larini	7	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	Ret	16	DNQ	16	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	Ret	0
NC	Érik Comas	DNQ	Ret	10	10	8	DNQ	11	DNQ	Ret	10	Ret	11	11	Ret	Ret	18	0
NC	Gabriele Tarquini	8	Ret	DNQ	Ret	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNQ	12	11	DNPQ	0
NC	Alex Zanardi														9	Ret	9	0
NC	Eric van de Poele	DNPQ	DNPQ	9	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	0
NC	Alex Caffi	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ					DNPQ	DNPQ	DNQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	10	15	0
NC	Olivier Grouillard	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	Ret	Ret	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNQ	10	Ret	DNPQ	DNPQ			0
NC	Michele Alboreto	Ret	DNQ	DNQ	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	DNQ	DNQ	DNPQ	DNQ	15	Ret	DNQ	13	0
NC	Karl Wendlinger															Ret	20	0
NC	Stefan Johansson	DNQ	DNQ			Ret	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ									0
NC	Pedro Chaves	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ				0
NC	Fabrizio Barbazza			DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ			0
NC	Michael Bartels									DNQ	DNQ		DNQ		DNQ			0
NC	Naoki Hattori															DNPQ	DNPQ	0
Pos	Driver	USA	BRA	SMR	MON	CAN	MEX	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	ESP	JPN	AUS	Points

In Australian Grand Prix half points were awarded as the race was stopped after 14 out of 81 laps due to torrential rain.
This was the first season for which 10 points (rather than 9) were awarded for a win.

Key
Colour	Result
Gold	Winner
Silver	Second place
Bronze	Third place
Green	Other points position
Blue	Other classified position
Blue	Not classified, finished (NC)
Purple	Not classified, retired (Ret)
Red	Did not qualify (DNQ)
Red	Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)
Black	Disqualified (DSQ)
White	Did not start (DNS)
White	Race cancelled (C)
Light blue	Practiced only (PO)
Light blue	Thursday/Friday test driver (TD) (from 2003 onwards)
Blank	Did not practice (DNP)
	Excluded (EX)
	Did not arrive (DNA)
	Withdrawn (WD)
Text formatting	Meaning
Bold	Pole position
Italics	Fastest lap
^Superscript	Sprint race result
Abbreviation	Meaning
WDC	World Drivers' Championship position
WCC	World Constructors' Championship position
NC	Not classified

References

^ "Murray Walker's Grand Prix Year: 1991", Hazleton Publishing 1991, p.8
^ Walker, p.10
^ Walker, p.143
^ Walker, p.101

[1] "Murray Walker's Grand Prix Year: 1991", Hazleton Publishing 1991, p.8

[2] Walker, p.10

[3] Walker, p.143

[4] Walker, p.101

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