Threatened mammals of Europe

The list below contains threatened mammals that dwell in or migrate to any region in Europe, the East Atlantic Ocean, and any nearby islands of the Atlantic Ocean. This includes mammals that are found in the East Atlantic Ocean (Azores), Iceland, the Adriatic Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black and Caspian Sea, Corsica, Cyprus, Palearctic, Russia, Eurasia, North African Coast, the Mediterranean Sea and islands located in the Mediterranean Sea, and the islands of Spain (Canary, Balearic). The list below was compiled from data on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species (IUCN). The International Union for Conservation of Nature identifies species in need of attention before approaching extinction and works to increase prevention of extinction. The list below includes vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN), critically endangered (CR), and recently extinct (EX) species.

Barbary sheep

Southwestern water vole

Adult blue whale from the eastern Pacific Ocean

A fin whale surfaces in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska

A European bison in a game park near Springe

Hamilton Smith's copy of a painting of an aurochs believed to date to the 16th century

Hooded seal pup (next to researcher) on ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Wild horses

North Atlantic right whale mother and calf

Pyrenean desman

Water deer

Iberian lynx

Barbary macaque

Mediterranean monk seal

European mink

Long-fingered bat

Sperm whale

Sardinian long-eared bat

Polar bears

Adult marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna)

Scientific name	Common name(s)	Distribution	Status
Ammotragus lervia	Aoudad, Barbary sheep, uaddan	Native: Algeria; Chad; Egypt; Libya; Mali; Mauritania; Morocco; Niger; Sudan; Tunisia Introduced: Mexico; Spain (Canary Is.); United States Presence uncertain: Western Sahara	Vulnerable
Arvicola sapidus	Southwestern water vole	France; Portugal; Spain	Vulnerable
Balaenoptera borealis	Sei whale	Angola; Argentina; Australia; Bahamas; Bermuda; Brazil; Canada; Cape Verde; Chile; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Falkland Islands; Faroe Islands; French Southern Territories; Gibraltar; Greenland; Haiti; Iceland; Ireland; Japan; Kenya; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Madagascar; Mauritania; Mexico; Morocco; Namibia; New Zealand; Northern Mariana Islands; Norway; Peru; Portugal; Réunion; Russian Federation; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; South Africa; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Spain; Turks and Caicos Islands; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Western Sahara	Endangered
Balaenoptera musculus	Blue whale	Angola; Argentina; Australia; Bahamas; Bangladesh; Benin; Bermuda; Brazil; Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Chile; China; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Colombia; Comoros; Cook Islands; Costa Rica; Côte d'Ivoire; Djibouti; Ecuador; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Falkland Islands; Faroe Islands; France; French Southern Territories; Gabon; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Grenada; Guatemala; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Ireland; Japan; Kenya; Madagascar; Malaysia; Maldives; Marshall Islands; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mexico; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Northern Mariana Islands; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Panama; Peru; Philippines; Pitcairn; Portugal; Réunion; Russian Federation; Saint Helena (Tristan da Cunha); Saint Pierre and Miquelon; São Tomé and Príncipe; Senegal; Seychelles; Somalia; South Africa; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Spain; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Tanzania; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Togo; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Western Sahara; Yemen	Endangered
Balaenoptera physalus	Fin whale	Algeria; Angola; Argentina; Australia; Belgium; Bermuda; Brazil; Canada; Chile; China; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Cyprus; Denmark; Egypt; Falkland Islands (Malvinas); Faroe Islands; Fiji; France; French Polynesia; French Southern Territories; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Iceland; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Lebanon; Libya; Madagascar; Malta; Mexico; Monaco; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Netherlands; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Niue; Northern Mariana Islands; Norway; Peru; Philippines; Pitcairn; Portugal; Réunion; Russian Federation; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; South Africa; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Spain; Sweden; Syria; Taiwan; Togo; Tunisia; Turkey; Tuvalu; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Vanuatu; Western Sahara	Endangered
Bison bonasus	European bison	Native: Belarus; Lithuania; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Slovakia; Ukraine Introduced: Kyrgyzstan	Vulnerable
Bos primigenius primigenius	Aurochs	Poland	Extinct
Crocidura canariensis	Canarian shrew	Spain (Canary Is.)	Endangered
Crocidura zimmermanni	Cretan white-toothed shrew	Greece (Kriti)	Vulnerable
Cystophora cristata	Hooded seal	Native: Canada; Greenland; Iceland; Norway; United States Vagrant: Argentina; Bahamas; Bermuda; Denmark; Faroe Islands; France; Germany; Ireland; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Russian Federation; Spain; Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Turks and Caicos Islands; United Kingdom	Vulnerable
Dinaromys bogdanovi		Native: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Macedonia, the Republic of; Montenegro; Serbia Presence uncertain: Albania; Greece	Vulnerable
Equus ferus przewalskii	Przewalski's horse	Regionally extinct: Belarus; China; Germany; Kazakhstan; Lithuania; Poland; Russian Federation; Ukraine Reintroduced: Mongolia	Endangered
Eubalaena glacialis	North Atlantic right whale	Native: Bahamas; Bermuda; Canada; United States Possibly extinct: Belgium; Faroe Islands; France; Germany; Ireland; Morocco; Netherlands; Norway; Portugal (Azores, Madeira, mainland); Spain (Canary Is., mainland); United Kingdom; Western Sahara Vagrant: Greenland; Iceland	Endangered
Galemys pyrenaicus	Pyrenean desman	Andorra; France; Portugal; Spain	Vulnerable
Hydropotes inermis	Chinese water deer	Native: China; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of Introduced: France; United Kingdom	Vulnerable
Lepus castroviejoi	Broom hare	Spain	Vulnerable
Lepus corsicanus	Corsican hare	Native: Italy (Sicilia) Presence uncertain: France (Corse)	Vulnerable
Lynx pardinus	Iberian lynx	Native: Spain Presence uncertain: Portugal	Endangered
Macaca sylvanus	Barbary macaque	Native: Algeria; Morocco Regionally extinct: Tunisia Introduced: Gibraltar	Endangered
Microtus bavaricus	Bavarian pine vole	Native: Austria Regionally extinct: Germany	Critically endangered
Monachus monachus	Mediterranean monk seal	Native: Algeria; Greece; Mauritania; Portugal (Azores - Regionally Extinct, Madeira - Regionally Extinct, Portugal (mainland) - Regionally Extinct); Turkey; Western Sahara Possibly extinct: Croatia; Gambia; Libya; Montenegro; Romania; Spain (Baleares, Canary Is. - Native, Spain (mainland) - Regionally Extinct); Tunisia Regionally extinct: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Cape Verde; Cyprus; Egypt; France (Corse, mainland); Georgia; Israel; Italy (mainland, Sardegna, Sicilia); Lebanon; Malta; Morocco; Russian Federation; Senegal; Slovenia; Syria; Ukraine Presence uncertain: Afghanistan	Endangered
Mustela lutreola	European mink	Native: France; Romania; Russian Federation; Spain; Ukraine Regionally extinct: Austria; Belarus; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Estonia; Finland; Georgia; Germany; Hungary; Kazakhstan; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Montenegro; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Serbia; Slovakia; Switzerland	Critically endangered
Myomimus roachi	Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse	Bulgaria; Greece; Turkey	Vulnerable
Myotis capaccinii	Long-fingered bat	Native: Albania; Algeria; Andorra; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; France (Corse); Greece (Kriti); Holy See (Vatican City State); Iran; Iraq; Israel; Italy (Sardegna, Sicilia); Jordan; Lebanon; Macedonia, the Republic of; Montenegro; Morocco; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia; Spain (Baleares); Syria; Turkey Regionally extinct: Switzerland	Vulnerable
Nyctalus azoreum	Azores noctule	Native: Albania; Algeria; Angola; Antarctica; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Australia; Bahamas; Bangladesh; Barbados; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Brazil; Brunei Darussalam; Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Chile; China; Colombia; Comoros; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cyprus; Denmark; Djibouti; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Falkland Islands (Malvinas); Faroe Islands; Fiji; France; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Grenada; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Kenya; Kiribati; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Lebanon; Liberia; Libya; Madagascar; Malaysia; Maldives; Malta; Marshall Islands; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mexico; Micronesia, Federated States of; Monaco; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Nauru; Netherlands; Netherlands Antilles; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Niue; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Peru; Philippines; Portugal; Russian Federation; Saint Helena; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Samoa; São Tomé and Príncipe; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; Suriname; Syria; Taiwan; Tanzania; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Togo; Tonga; Trinidad and Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Tuvalu; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Vanuatu; Venezuela; Viet Nam; Yemen Presence uncertain: American Samoa; Anguilla; Aruba; Bermuda; Bosnia and Herzegovina; British Indian Ocean Territory; Cambodia; Cayman Islands; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Cook Islands; Côte d'Ivoire; Eritrea; French Guiana; French Polynesia; French Southern Territories; Germany; Guadeloupe; Guam; Hong Kong; Martinique; Mayotte; Montenegro; Montserrat; Myanmar; New Caledonia; Norfolk Island; Northern Mariana Islands; Palestinian Territory; Pitcairn; Puerto Rico; Qatar; Réunion; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saudi Arabia; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Sudan; Sweden; Tokelau; Turks and Caicos Islands; United Arab Emirates; United States Minor Outlying Islands; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.; Wallis and Futuna; Western Sahara	Endangered
Physeter macrocephalus	Sperm whale	Native: Albania; Algeria; Angola; Antarctica; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Australia; Bahamas; Bangladesh; Barbados; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Brazil; Brunei Darussalam; Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Chile; China; Colombia; Comoros; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cyprus; Denmark; Djibouti; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Falkland Islands; Faroe Islands; Fiji; France; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Grenada; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Kenya; Kiribati; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Lebanon; Liberia; Libya; Madagascar; Malaysia; Maldives; Malta; Marshall Islands; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mexico; Micronesia, Federated States of; Monaco; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Nauru; Netherlands; Netherlands Antilles; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Niue; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Peru; Philippines; Portugal; Russian Federation; Saint Helena; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Samoa; São Tomé and Príncipe; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; Suriname; Syria; Taiwan; Tanzania; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Togo; Tonga; Trinidad and Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Tuvalu; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Vanuatu; Venezuela; Viet Nam; Yemen Presence uncertain: American Samoa; Anguilla; Aruba; Bermuda; Bosnia and Herzegovina; British Indian Ocean Territory; Cambodia; Cayman Islands; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Cook Islands; Côte d'Ivoire; Eritrea; French Guiana; French Polynesia; French Southern Territories; Germany; Guadeloupe; Guam; Hong Kong; Martinique; Mayotte; Montenegro; Montserrat; Myanmar; New Caledonia; Norfolk Island; Northern Mariana Islands; Palestinian Territory; Pitcairn; Puerto Rico; Qatar; Réunion; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saudi Arabia; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Sudan; Sweden; Tokelau; Turks and Caicos Islands; United Arab Emirates; United States Minor Outlying Islands; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.; Wallis and Futuna; Western Sahara	Vulnerable
Pipistrellus maderensis	Madeira pipistrelle	Portugal (Azores - Presence Uncertain, Madeira); Spain (Canary Is.)	Endangered
Plecotus sardus	Sardinian long-eared bat	Italy (Sardegna)	Vulnerable
Plecotus teneriffae	Tenerife long-eared bat	Spain (Canary Is.)	Endangered
Prolagus sardus	Sardinian pika	France (Corse); Italy (Sardegna)	Extinct
Rhinolophus mehelyi	Mehely's horseshoe bat	Native: Afghanistan; Algeria; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Cyprus; Egypt; Georgia; Gibraltar; Greece; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Italy (Sardegna, Sicilia); Jordan; Libya; Macedonia, the Republic of; Moldova; Montenegro; Morocco; Palestinian Territory; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Slovenia; Spain; Syria; Tunisia; Turkey Regionally extinct: Croatia Presence uncertain: France	Vulnerable
Saiga tatarica	Mongolian saiga	Native: Kazakhstan; Mongolia; Russian Federation; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan Regionally extinct: China; Moldova; Poland; Ukraine	Critically endangered
Spermophilus citellus	European ground squirrel	Native: Austria; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Greece; Hungary; Macedonia, the Republic of; Moldova; Romania; Serbia (Kosovo, Serbia); Slovakia; Turkey; Ukraine Regionally extinct: Croatia; Germany Reintroduced: Poland	Vulnerable
Ursus maritimus	Polar bear	Native: Canada (Labrador, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Québec, Yukon); Greenland; Norway; Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk, North European Russia, West Siberia, Yakutiya); Svalbard and Jan Mayen; United States (Alaska) Presence uncertain: Iceland	Vulnerable
Vormela peregusna	European marbled polecat	Native: Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bulgaria; China; Georgia; Greece; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Kazakhstan; Lebanon; Macedonia, the Republic of; Mongolia; Montenegro; Pakistan; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Syria; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan	Vulnerable

See also

• Endangered plants of Europe
• IUCN Red List