Talk:Silicon carbide

Stubbed due to copyright infringement (2003)

Removed possible copyright infringement. Text that was previously posted here is the same as text from this webpage:

http://www.shinagawa.co.jp/English/Products/index1.html

—This unsigned comment was added by Sannse (talk • contribs) on 19:11, 11 May 2003.

Semiconductor properties

I've moved the following text from the article here, to be edited for tone and checked for accuracy:

The primary application of silicon carbide would be in high power semiconductor switches like power MOSFET or IGBT. Higher breakdown electric field and thermal stability of SiC promise to result in much superior properties in terms of high temperature, high frequency operation of power electronics systems based upon SiC devices.

One of my concerns is with "would be" and "promise to result in". This suggests that these are not things that are currently documented as fact (i.e., they may not be encyclopedic). High temperature operation is well documented and already mentioned in the text, so mentioning it here is redundant. High frequency operation should be documented somewhere, which means it can be checked. The "breakdown electric field" line puzzles me, as you'd care about breakdown field for the dielectrics used in the fabrication process, not the semiconductor itself. "Thermal stability" is ambiguous as a term, as well.

A comparison of SiC's properties to those of silicon, SiGe, GaAs, and so forth would be useful, but that would be better placed on the semiconductor page.

--Christopher Thomas 6 July 2005 19:29 (UTC)

Yes, the structure of SiC itself "breaks down" at high electric fields. See e.g. (Nature materials):

For instance, in high-power bipolar devices, there is a degradation in the material's electrical properties that seems to be related to the development of extended stacking faults, originating from in-plane dislocations in the SiC.

I'm moving the text in question back.

--Larssl (talk) 14:29, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

I would suggest the Wide bandgap semiconductors page. --ArséniureDeGallium 11:45, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Maybe related to this press release: http://www.cree.com/News/news232.asp - also Cree seems to have some Navy contracts for phased array radar using these devices. --Pjacobi July 6, 2005 20:24 (UTC)

I don't believe the energy gap of any form of SiC to be as low as 1.96eV. See http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/SiC/bandstr.html Jaraalbe 22:47, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

The lattice constant for 4H-SiC is incorrect and needs to be updated. See . 132.250.134.173 (talk) 21:51, 23 February 2016 (UTC)

"Discovery" of Moissanite?

Just curious to note that while this page lists Acheson as the discoverer, other sites list Dr. Moissan in 1893 as the one who discovered the material. These include:

• http://science.howstuffworks.com/moissanite.htm
• http://www.galleries.com/minerals/elements/moissani/moissani.htm
• http://jewelry.about.com/cs/moissanite/a/moissanite.htm

I'm just a layman, and am not implying anything about the relative levels of scholarship among these sites. However, as a reader I would be more inclined to respect and accept this article's content if it were to at least acknowledge that an argument (mistake? misunderstanding?) simply exists.

Just my $.02..... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.180.3.55 (talk • contribs) on 02:43, 19 April 2006.

The material silicon carbide was created/synthesized by Acheson in 1893 and the naturally occuring form, the mineral moissanite, was discovered in 1905 by Moissan. It is very possible for materials to be "discovered" twice in this manner (like Technetium, which was falsely discovered in 1828, 1846, 1847, 1877, 1896, 1908, possibly created in 1927, definitely created in 1937, and later discovered naturally in 1962). --Splarka (rant) 00:20, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Moissanite has been the target of a smear campaign for years and it appears that campaign has been extended to wikipedia. Wikipedia have conflicting information. In the wikipedia entry for Dr. Henri Moissan it clearly states that he identified silicon carbide within the meteorite particles in 1893. In 1905 Moissanite was named in his honor by a gemologist from Tiffany & Co. The Henri Moissan information also coincides with the information from the Charles & Colvard website. This is why Moissanite should have a separate entry in wikipedia and not be combined with Silicon Carbide as the crystalline form of SiC has different properties, uses, and discovery.

• Could you please cite who is behind the "smear campaign" and what motivates them? Incidentally, I think that synthetic Moissanite used as a gemstone should have its own article, aside from SiC as an industrial material. T.E. Goodwin 05:57, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Why is it that Cubic Zirconia (CZ) has a separate wiki entry and Moissanite does not? CZ is not redirected to Zirconium Oxide so why is Moissanite redirected to SiC? This clearly demonstrates the bias and mendacity that Moissanite endured even to the point that wikipedia is not a good reference for moissanite.

Good Article nomination has failed

The Good article nomination for Silicon carbide has failed, for the following reason:

There are several basic flaws. Most importantly there are no references. Also, the lead section does not provide a summary of the article's content at the moment, and links in section headings should be removed according to the manual of style. Headings are also incorrectly capitalised.

Worldtraveller 23:44, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

I updated the manual of style. Maybe we can add more refrences and work on the intro. --Supercoop 16:21, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Tried to add reference

Somebody, please help. I found the text almost verbatim on the uses of SiC at the following link: http://www.mdatechnology.net/techsearch.asp?articleid=174 and attempted to add it as a reference. The reference looks funny because I obviously don't know what I'm doing. I left the edit in because I thought the text should be attributed, I hope I didn't mess things up 70.95.149.247 08:19, 23 October 2007 (UTC)Jay Abel

Anon contribution

The following text was added by 59.182.39.56 (talk • contribs):

Silicon Carbide technically known as carborundum is an extremely hard, infusible, thermally stable and chemically inert solid. The structure of Silicon Carbide is similar to that of Diamond, if alternate Carbon atoms in the diamond molecule are replace by Silicon atoms, what we get is the tetrahedral structure of Silicon Carbide. Hence, it is extremely hard, used as an abrasive and finds special place in application of disc brakes especially the Porsche Carrera GT mentioned above. In addition to this, it is likely to mention that Boron Carbide B4C is better than SiC in respect to abrasiveness. However, its manufacturing difficulty makes it unfeasible for industrial applications inspite of its complex crystal lattice.

The first two sentences are setting off my "this might be copied from somewhere" alarms, but it's possible anon is just a good writer. This is in completely the wrong part of the article, and duplicates some of the article information, so I've moved it here for review/re-merge. --Christopher Thomas 19:28, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Moissanite Jewelry FAQ

This external link is for Joy Jewelers of Los Angeles, an obviously commercial retail website. While there is some information provided concerning the use of SiC as a diamond simulant, the overall content is overwhelmingly retail in nature. Does anyone else concur that this link should be eliminated? T.E. Goodwin 05:28, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

I agree entirely, so I have just removed the link. DFH 16:29, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Band gaps

I just changed the two values quoted as the band gaps for SiC to be the same as they are on the band gap article. DFH 16:24, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Confusing paragraph in 4.10: Uses - As a Jewel

I am confused by the paragraph below. My comments are in (bold italic) to explain where I'm confused.

Simulated moissanite is somewhat harder than common cubic zirconia (9.0 vs. 8 1/2), lighter (SG 3.33 vs. 5.6), and much more resistant to heat. The newer Russian simulants (I'm assuming the "newer Russian simulants" are CZs?), for example Russian Star, are equal to or have a greater hardness than simulated moissanite (This is contradicts the original statement of moissanite being harder than CZs. So is this saying that the newer Russian simulants (which I'm assuming are CZs) are harder than the older CZs and even harder than moissanite?). This ("This"? The hardness of the newer Russian simulants? Define what "this" is.) results in a stone of higher lustre, sharper facets and good resilience (somewhere the subject is getting lost. Are we talking about the newer Russian simulants still or did we change back to moissanites. I'm assuming we're back to moissanites, but if that's what is intended, the way it is written is incorrect.) : (Why a colon here? How is the former connected to the latter part of this sentence?) loose simulated moissanites may be placed directly into ring moulds, as the synthetic stones remain undamaged by temperatures up to twice the 900 °C melting point of 18k gold.

Here is the paragraph as it appears on the article page so it can be read without my interruptions:

Simulated moissanite is somewhat harder than common cubic zirconia (9.0 vs. 8 1/2), lighter (SG 3.33 vs. 5.6), and much more resistant to heat. The newer Russian simulants, for example Russian Star, are equal to or have a greater hardness than simulated moissanite. This results in a stone of higher lustre, sharper facets and good resilience: loose simulated moissanites may be placed directly into ring moulds, as the synthetic stones remain undamaged by temperatures up to twice the 900 °C melting point of 18k gold.

I am not qualified to make any changes to this paragraph because I truly do not know what is or is not correct. I came here to learn about moissanites. If anyone who knows about moissanites could please clarify that section, I would appreciate it.

The paragraph in the block quote has a number of fallacies. Moissanite is second in hardness to a diamond on the Mohs scale at 9 1/4. Also moissanite is not only lighter to CZ it is also lighter than a diamond. Also Moissanite has never been marketed nor offered to the public by its sole source producer -- Charles & Colvard -- as a diamond simulant. Describing moissanite as a "diamond simulant" is a pejorative designed to diminish the jewel in the mind of consumers by put it into the same class as CZ. Moissanite is a separate category of jewel and all you have to do is look at its properties to see that moissanite has more fire, brilliance, and luster than a diamond. Moissanite cannot hardly be described as a diamond simulant since a diamond itself cannot outperform moissanite in those categories.

--24.242.211.107 20:02, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

NPOV thingy on comparison with diamond - " superior fire and brilliance "

In 1998, Charles & Colvard introduced gem-quality synthetic silicon carbide to the market under the name "moissanite". This gemstone possesses superior fire and brilliance to diamonds.

The second sentence... Does it sound like an opinion or an attempt to insert an advertisement to anyone else? I don't know a lot about gemstones, but "fire" and "brilliance" don't sound like scientific terms to me. I certainly have heard them on infomercials before, though. Is there is a more accurate way to describe the aesthetic differences between the two gemstones? Clarphimous 01:31, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Aren't "fire" and "brillance" jeweller speak for refractive index and dispersion ? - Rod57 (talk) 20:55, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

Missing Finnish (Suomi) link

Could someone make a link to the Finnish version? http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piikarbidi (pii=silicon, karbidi=carbide) --89.27.15.209 18:02, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Done. --saimhe 19:31, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Electrical conductivity & resistivity

Firstly, could people that don't know the difference (or relationship) between electrical conductivity and resistivity, please refrain from editing anything pertaining to this? Thanks.

I have asked for a citation (in the "Production" section) regarding both the prevalence of Nitrogen impurities in SiC, and the allegedly conductivity-reducing properties of iron and aluminium impurities. (Perhaps users "Bancquo" and 194.128.14.113 could oblige?)

Haven't dropped in for a while, so missed the request for comments: practical experience in working with SiC tells us that adding nitrogen reduces resistivity and increases conductivity, and adding alumin(i)um increases resistivity and decreases conductivity. Aluminium also appears to change the shape of the R/T curve, having a greater effect at room temperature than at elevated temperature (800°C or above). My understanding, and those much cleverer please contradict me, is that pure SiC is an insulator, and that without addition of nitrogen (or other contaminants) would have extremely high resistivity. The manufacture of SiC by the Acheson process donates plentiful supply of nitrogen (from the air) and the required temperatures for doping to occur. Equally, contamination by aluminium oxide in silica sand provides the countering presence of alumin(i)um. Bancquo (talk) 11:22, 9 April 2009 (UTC) Bancquo

Joe. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.8.13.206 (talk) 04:31, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

In fact, nitrogen is the most commonly used n-type dopant in SiC, whereas aluminium is the most commonly used p-type dopant. The statement

... these darker crystals are less pure and usually doped with nitrogen, which decreases the electrical conductivity of these samples, and with aluminium and/or iron, which increase conductivity.

is indeterminate in the way that it is now. It would be true, on the other hand, if the SiC in question was p-type from before. Then N doping would make it less p-type and therefore decrease the conductivity, whereas Al doping would increase the conductivity up to a certain point. But if the SiC was n-type from before, then more N doping would increase the conductivity and Al doping would decrease the conductivity. This should be clear simply by looking at the periodic table: Elements to the left of group 4 make SiC more p-type. Elements to the right of group 4 make SiC more n-type.

Something needs to be done with this confusing statement, and if no more information comes up then I will change it myself.

--Larssl (talk) 14:46, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Fatigue

What long-term properties does silicon carbide have? I ask because I saw in The Clock of the Long Now:

Therefore, using a material that is known to just plain not change state and design completely around that is the way to go. His suggestions were silicon and silicon carbide. I expressed my reservations as to the brittleness of these materials and he said yes, of course they're brittle, but we'll know whether a Si part works for 10,000 years because it will catastrophically fail immediately if it doesn't work. If it doesn't fail on you immediately, well then there you are![1]

--Gwern (contribs) 18:05 25 April 2008 (GMT)

Material Strength Properties

Just to check on something. Is there any definite figures for silicon carbide compressive/shear/tensile strength? Since it is mentioned in the article that SiC is a diamond simulant, does it mean that it has same or similar or nearly similar properties?

--Andrea75 (talk) 02:07, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Re. "heterogeneous catalyst" - done

Don't know what it is, don't know what it means, but was suprised there is neither a link or a red 'future link suggestor' for the term. I must admit i have not checked to see if the topic is in fact covered elsewhere or just negligently left unlinked, but as i don't know how to fix it anyway and am accessing all this using only my Nokia N95, i was hoping someone better equipped than i might look into this for us all. I'm afraid the correction would also be beyond me in any case... more's the pity. Long Live the Wiki! - Outofthewoods (talk) 18:37, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

 Done - now wikilinked the first use - Rod57 (talk) 21:02, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

"Tunable nanoporous carbon" does indeed belong here

I noticed that someone contributed a "See also" link which was immediately reverted. Please invest a little time to familiarize yourself with the link in question before removing it. Deletion should be hard and debated, and not easy and mindless.Blind cyclist (talk) 13:28, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Please explain how it relates to this article. I removed it prior to seeing your talk entry, otherwise I would have waited. VMS Mosaic (talk) 00:25, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Gentlemen. It was I who reverted the link addition, and I have had a long discussion with the author on that article (Tunable nanoporous carbon). There are several issues where your help is welcome - the author is admittedly non-specialist, but doing their best to help WP; the article is single sided and needs NPOV cleanup; it is not related to SiC or metal-carbon compounds. Regards. Materialscientist (talk) 00:33, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

I think there is justification to include the link when the article has the required quality. SiC in all its forms, has diverse applications, properties & structure can be tuned by special preparation and its use in that field merits inclusion. Kbrose (talk) 03:38, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Maybe, my major point is that Tunable nanoporous carbon is too fresh and unreviewed, and has some unresolved issues (its just nobody tagged them yet) - too early to link it. Materialscientist (talk) 03:44, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

IUPAC name: really methanidylidynesilylium !?

This non-referenced and totally insane name methanidylidynesilylium was automatically generated by a computer code from http://www.molport.com and only relies on one single source:

http://www.molport.com/buy-chemicals/moleculelink/methanidylidynesilylium/3930795

All other results from a Google search (178 results only) are mirroring and propagating this false information unfortunately relayed by Wikipedia.

It is one of the residual sequels of an ancient nomenclature warring (end of 2010). I have deleted this non-sense name to avoid to mislead the inexperienced reader and to stop the propagation of wrong chemical information on the web. Moreover, the proposed chemical structure seems to deal with an ideal isolated gas molecule, not with the crystal lattice of a solid. Anyway, nobody uses such an intricate and unjustified term. Shinkolobwe (talk) 18:15, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

Removed "/"

The article had this "today SiC is widely used in high-temperature/high-voltage semiconductor electronics." in one of the introduction sentences. What does this mean?

1. "used in either high-temperature semiconductor electronics or in high-voltage semiconductor electronics, but we are not sure which."
2. "used in high-temperature semiconductor electronics and in high-voltage semiconductor electronics"
3. "used in semiconductor electronics applications that are both high-temperature and high-voltage at the same time"
4. "used in semiconductor electronics applications that are high-temperature, or high-voltage, or both"

I think that number 4 is meant but I do not know. Please clarify in the article. Nick Beeson (talk) 19:03, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Formula, electrical, chemical and optical properties

This a fairly nicely written article. I wonder if the formula under "Properties" should be CSi or SiC and I just wished the electrical, chemical and optical properties listed in "Structure and properties", "Power electronic devices" and "LEDs" section could be consolidated in a section with bullets.

ICE77 (talk) 01:12, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

Clarify silicon limit of 150°C

In the 'Power electronic devices' section it says "SiC chips may have a higher power density than silicon power devices and are able to handle higher temperatures exceeding the silicon limit of 150 °C." - Some SOI devices operate at 250°C so does this mean the 'bulk silicon' limit is 150 °C ? or can we clarify please ?

References

- Rod57 (talk) 02:01, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

Adding a Lewis dot diagram of Silicon Carbide

Should we include a dot diagram of Silicon Carbide in the article somewhere? There doesn't appear to be any present at the moment, and Lewis dot diagrams are the kind used by many high school students to represent bonds between elements. Unless there is something fundamentally different about the bond between SiC compared to H2O, for example, we should be able to use the same type of diagram in the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Secretkeeper12 (talk • contribs) 15:30, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

We would need some experimental evidence to support whatever you think it might be. The Silicon carbide#Structure and properties section of the article seems pretty explicit that this compound is not a simple covalent "SiC" molecule, but rather a covalent network solid. By early/mid-level college chemistry, one learns that that "SiC" as a discrete molecule would not have any stable Lewis structures...quadruple bonds to carbon have never been confirmed (or even predicted until recently), and the alternative dot diagrams I can think of would have other sorts of electronic instabilities. DMacks (talk) 06:50, 23 December 2015 (UTC)

Armor plate for bulletproof vests

Body armor plates made from SiC ceramic compound (silicon carbide, carborund).

Hi! I've added a new image to Commons that shows SiC armor plates and the material they are made of for bulletproof vests. Maybe a better illustration of this material's usage.--vityok (talk) 10:41, 23 October 2017 (UTC)

Carborundum

From lede: "Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum ...":
"Carborundum" is a made-up name, trademarked by Edward Goodrich Acheson for his 1893 patented silicon carbide [2], [3], [4], [5].
The article Carborundum Universal in giving the history of the company says "CUMI was established as a result of ... a tie up with the Carborundum, UK, a subsidiary of American abrasive manufacturer, Carborundum, USA and the Universal Grinding Co. Ltd., UK in 1950. The result was the Carborundum Universal of Madras. Then it was renamed and incorporated in 1954 as Carborundum Universal Ltd (CUMI)."
Carborundum USA was apparently a successor to Acheson's Carborundum Company [6]. Milkunderwood (talk) 03:10, 3 March 2018 (UTC)

History/production and SiC LED production

1. The history and the production sections are somewhat overlapping and redundant. It would be better if the history section just listed important dates and concept while the production section focused on how SiC is made.

2. The article says "The phenomenon of electroluminescence was discovered in 1907 using silicon carbide and the first commercial LEDs were based on SiC. Yellow LEDs made from 3C-SiC were manufactured in the Soviet Union in the 1970s and blue LEDs (6H-SiC) worldwide in the 1980s. The production was soon stopped because gallium nitride showed 10–100 times brighter emission." It's not clear if production of yellow and blue SiC LEDs stopped or if this is for all colors.

ICE77 (talk) 00:35, 22 June 2018 (UTC)

Engine Lubricant - how

Article says "It's also used as an oil additive ..." with an advertising commercial website as a reference. It makes no sense. Perhaps some unspecified additives form SiC coating in-situ on bearing surfaces? - Rod57 (talk) 20:37, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

[Electrical Conductivity] Superconductivity

I think the specific alloys described as type_I or type_II superconductors have been mis-arranged, then name-amputated. I read reference [35], which seems pretty clear:

(reduced from the abstract:) 3C-SiC:B , 6H-SiC:B , type-I supercond., Tc=1.5 K. 3C-SiC:Al , type-II supercond., Tc=1.4 K.

So I may edit the article towards that content. jimswen (talk) 20:44, 11 March 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Quantum Information Science and Engineering

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 22 August 2022 and 9 December 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): 21percent (article contribs).

— Assignment last updated by Za49 (talk) 05:24, 9 December 2022 (UTC)

Standard enthalpy of formation is needed

Standard enthalpy of formation is needed. Voproshatel (talk) 13:29, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

SiC sublimation

The assertion that SiC sublimes near 2750 C is incorrect and unsupported by references. Its sublimation temperatures have been published in the work of Drowart, De Maria, and Inghram in "Thermodynamic Study of SiC Utilizing a Mass Spectrometer" in The Journal of Chemical Physics 29, pp. 1015-1021 (1958). In fact, similar work dates to F. J. Tone, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 23, p. 1312 (1931) and O. Ruff, Transactions of the Electrochemical Society 68, 87 (1935). Drowart et al. cite both of these in their paper. Heated SiC begins to show pressures in the milliTorr range above 1800 C, and I have personally detected sublimation in vacuum at temperatures as low as 1400 C, with measurable loss of SiC material (tens of microns/hour) from its surface occurring as low as 1500 C. Perhaps the author's emphasis is on high-temperature operation in air, but experience has shown that at such high temperatures, glass (SiO2) is rapidly produced at the hot surfaces in contact with O2. 129.162.152.139 (talk) 15:11, 28 August 2024 (UTC)