High treason
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (July 2009) |
Treason is criminal disloyalty. Historically, in common law countries, high treason is treason against the state. It was differentiated from petty treason (or petit treason), which was treason against a lawful superior (such as a servant killing his master). (Petty treason was restricted to cases of homicide in 1351, and came to be considered a more serious degree of murder.) As common law jurisdictions around the world abolished petty treason, the concept of petty treason gradually faded, and today use of the word "treason" generally refers to high treason. (In nations without a common law legal system, the distinction between high and petty treason did not exist.)
High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's government. Participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplomats, or its secret services for a hostile and foreign power, or attempting to kill its head of state are perhaps the best known examples of high treason. High treason requires that the alleged traitor have obligations of loyalty in the state he or she betrayed, such as citizenship, although presence in the state at the time is sufficient. Foreign spies, assassins, and saboteurs, though not suffering the dishonor associated with conviction for high treason, may still be tried and punished judicially for acts of espionage, assassination, or sabotage, though in contemporary times, foreign spies are usually repatriated in exchange for spies of the mentioned nation held by another nation.[1] High treason is considered a very serious - often the most serious possible - crime, by the civil authorities.
Until the 19th century, counterfeiting coins was high treason in the United Kingdom and its predecessor countries.[2]
Canadian law
In Canadian law, however, there are two separate offences of treason and high treason, but both of these, in fact, fall in the historical category of high treason.[3] In Canada, the main difference in law between treason and high treason depends on whether the nation is at war.
See also
References
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (July 2009) |
- ^ Cf. "U.S., Russia reach deal on exchanging spies". Retrieved April 02, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) and many similar reports - ^ Treason Act 1351; Coinage Act 1832
- ^ Criminal Code of Canada, section 46.