Spatula (bird)
Spatula | |
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Male northern shoveler | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Anseriformes |
Family: | Anatidae |
Tribe: | Anatini |
Genus: | Spatula Boie, F, 1822 |
Type species | |
Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758
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Synonyms | |
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Spatula is a genus or subgenus of ducks in the family Anatidae that includes the shovelers, garganey, and several species of American teals.
Taxonomy
[edit]The species now placed in this genus were formerly placed in the genus Anas. A molecular phylogenetic study comparing mitochondrial DNA sequences published in 2009 found that the genus Anas, as then defined, was non-monophyletic.[2] Based on this published phylogeny, the genus Anas was split into four monophyletic genera with 10 species moved into the resurrected genus Spatula.[3]
The genus Spatula had originally been proposed by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1822. The type species is the northern shoveler.[4][5] The name Spatula is the Latin word for "spoon", from which the English word "spatula" also originates.[6]
Extant species
[edit]The genus contains 10 species:[3]
Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
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S. querquedula | Garganey | Europe and western Asia |
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S. hottentota | Blue-billed teal | eastern and southern Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia west to Niger and Nigeria and south to South Africa and Namibia |
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S. puna | Puna teal | the Andes of Peru, western Bolivia, northern Chile and extreme northwestern Argentina |
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S. versicolor | Silver teal | southern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, South Georgia, the South Sandwich Islands and the Falkland Islands |
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S. platalea | Red shoveler | Tierra del Fuego northwards to Chile and most parts of Argentina, as well as the Falkland Islands and small isolated breeding populations in southern Peru |
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S. cyanoptera | Cinnamon teal | South America, western United States and extreme southwestern Canada; a rare visitor to the East Coast of the United States |
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S. discors | Blue-winged teal | North America, where it breeds from southern Alaska to Nova Scotia and south to northern Texas |
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S. smithii | Cape shoveler | South Africa, uncommon further north in Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, southern Angola, Lesotho, Mozambique and Zambia |
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S. rhynchotis | Australasian shoveler | Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand |
S. clypeata | Northern shoveler | northern areas of Europe and Asia and across most of North America |
Phylogeny
[edit]Cladogram based on the analysis of Gonzalez and colleagues published in 2009.[2]
Spatula | |
References
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- ^ "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ a b Gonzalez, J.; Düttmann, H.; Wink, M. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae". Journal of Zoology. 279 (3): 310–318. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00622.x.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
- ^ Boie, Friedrich (1822). "Generalübersicht". Isis von Oken (in German). 1822. Col 564.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 460.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 361. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.