San Gabriel de Yungue-Ouinge

	San Gabriel de Yungue-Ouinge
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark
	HABS photo of the site, 1936
Nearest city	Española, New Mexico
Coordinates	36°3′26″N 106°5′1″W / 36.05722°N 106.08361°W
Area	4 acres (1.6 ha)
Built	1598
NRHP reference No.	66000482
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966
Designated NHL	July 19, 1964

San Gabriel de Yungue-Ouinge, or San Gabriel de Yunque, was the site of the first Spanish capital of its provincial territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. It is located where the Rio Chama meets the Rio Grande, west of present-day Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico. The pueblo of Yuque Yunque was taken by Juan de Oñate, and he founded his colonial government there. It was moved to Santa Fe in 1610.^[3] The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.^[2] The archaeological site was leveled and plowed over in 1984, and a historical marker has been placed on the west side of the Rio Grande, off the old New Mexico State Road 74.^[3]

Description and history

The pueblos of Ohkay and Yunque were two interrelated Puebloan settlements, Ohkay's establishment estimated around 1200 and Yunque's around 1300. The present-day tribal lands of Ohkay Owingeh encompass the area of both settlements. When Juan de Oñate arrived in 1598 to establish a Spanish provincial headquarters, he at first established a military camp outside the Ohkay pueblo, which he dubbed "San Juan" (a name by which the Ohkay pueblo was known for many years, before reclaiming its native name in the early 21st century.) The Puebloans agreed to make the Yunque pueblo, located between the Chama River and Rio Grande, available as a compound for the Spanish, and its residents were evacuated to Ohkay. In the fall of 1598, the Spanish erected a church and dug an acequia (water channel) to bring water to Yunque.^[4]

The site remained New Mexico's colonial capital until 1610, when Oñate was replaced by Pedro de Peralta, who established the Spanish capital at Santa Fe. The Yunque pueblo was either abandoned entirely by the Spanish, or left with a few colonists, but it was eventually abandoned entirely.^[3]

The location of this early colonial capital was of recurring interest to historians, and was tentatively identified in the 1890s. In the 1930s, the National Park Service surveyed the area but was unable to make a definitive determination. Excavations in the 1940s and 1960s made it abundantly clear that the area was an early Spanish settlement site, with the church site and a military barracks among the structures whose remains were found. After these excavations, the natives began removing adobe bricks from the ruins for reuse, and the site was levelled and buried. A cross and memorial marker indicate the site.^[3]

References

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "San Gabriel de Yunque-Ouinge---American Latino Heritage: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary".
^ Barrett, Elinore M. (2012). The Spanish Colonial Settlement Landscapes of New Mexico, 1598-1680. University of New Mexico University Press. ISBN 9780826350831.

External links

Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. NM-83, "Alcalde Village, Site of San Gabriel, Alcalde, Rio Arriba County, NM", 2 photos, supplemental material

This article about a property in New Mexico on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.

[nhlsum-2] "National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved December 11, 2016.

[nps_trav-3] "San Gabriel de Yunque-Ouinge---American Latino Heritage: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary".

[4] Barrett, Elinore M. (2012). The Spanish Colonial Settlement Landscapes of New Mexico, 1598-1680. University of New Mexico University Press. ISBN 9780826350831.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

v t e U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Topics	Architectural style categories Contributing property Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places Keeper of the Register National Park Service Property types
Lists by state	List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state: Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Lists by insular areas	American Samoa Guam Minor Outlying Islands Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands
Lists by associated state	Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Palau
Other areas	District of Columbia American Legation, Morocco
Related	National Historic Preservation Act Historic Preservation Fund List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places portal Category

Description and history

See also

References

External links