Out of print
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An out-of-print (OOP) or out-of-commerce item or work is something that is no longer being published. The term applies to all types of printed matter, visual media, sound recordings, and video recordings.[1] An out-of-print book is a book that is no longer being published. The term can apply to specific editions of more popular works, which may then go in and out of print repeatedly, or to the sole printed edition of a work, which is not picked up again by any future publishers for reprint.
Most works that have ever been published are out of print at any given time, while certain highly popular books, such as the Bible, are always "in print". Less popular out-of-print books are often rare and may be difficult to acquire unless scanned or electronic copies of the books are available. With the advent of book scanning, and print-on-demand technology, fewer and fewer works are now considered truly out of print.
A publisher creates a print run of a fixed number of copies of a new book. Print runs for most modern books number in the thousands. These books can be ordered in bulk by booksellers, and when all the bookseller's copies are sold, the bookseller has the option to order additional copies. If the initial print run sells out and demand still exists, the publisher will have more copies printed, if possible. When the book is no longer selling either at a rate fast enough to pay for the inventory or stock costs, or to justify another print run, the publisher will cease to print additional copies, and may remainder or pulp the remaining unsold copies. When all of the books in a print run have been sold to booksellers, the book is said to be "out of print", meaning that a bookseller cannot get any further copies from the publisher. If a book sells out unexpectedly quickly, it may be considered out of print briefly when its initial print run is exhausted, but is usually soon reprinted.
Publishers may choose to list a book as "out of stock indefinitely", instead of declaring it out of print, as the publisher may have to give up copyright when declaring it out of print.[citation needed] Publishers will often let a book go out of stock for long periods, then reprint the book, usually with a new cover and formatting, to catch the presumably built up demand for the book. The author or their estate may have copyright reverted to them once the publisher has declared it out of print.
The longer a book has been out of print, the more difficult it may be to obtain a copy. If there is enough demand for an out-of-print book, and all copyright issues can be resolved, another publisher may republish the book in the same manner as the original publisher might have reprinted it. In some cases, an out-of-print book, even one that sold very poorly, may be republished if the author becomes popular again.
A reader who wishes to purchase an out-of-print book must either find a bookseller that still has a copy, wait for another print run, or find someone who will sell their own copy as a used book. The advent of the Internet has made this process much easier, as many websites sell used books offered by bookstores and individuals.
Some publishers intentionally limit the print run of some or all titles to fewer copies than the anticipated demand, in creating limited editions marketed to collectors. In these cases, there is an implicit or explicit promise to collectors that the book will not be reprinted, at least in the same form as originally published. For instance, Madonna's book Sex, with a limited edition print run, was the most requested out-of-print book from 2011 to 2015 in BookFinder.com[2] and remains as one of the most in-demand out-of-print publications of all time according to Barry Walters from Rolling Stone.[3]
See also
- Abandonware
- Cut-out (recording industry)
- Deletion (music industry) of records
- List of publishers
- Orphan work
- Out of commerce
- Old Earth Books
- Self-publishing
References
- ^ European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations (September 20, 2011). "Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Key Principles on the Digitisation and Making Available of Out-of-Commerce Works – Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ^ "Madonna's Sex remains the most wanted out of print book". News.com.au. September 25, 2015. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
- ^ Walters, Barry (October 19, 2017). "Madonna's Sex remains the most wanted out of print book". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
Further reading
- Rebecca J. Rosen (2013-07-30). "The Hole in Our Collective Memory: How Copyright Made Mid-Century Books Vanish". The Atlantic.
- Book Finder
External links
- Criterion DVDs (Out of Print titles indicated in red), The Criterion Collection website
- Out of print Criterion Laserdiscs, The Criterion Collection website (archived 27 May 2007)