Order of Pedro I

Imperial Order of Pedro I
Imperial Order of Pedro I ;
	Imperial Order of Pedro I, Grand Cross. Original drawn at Arquivo Nacional
Awarded by the Head of the; Brazilian Imperial Family
Type	Dynastic order
Established	16 April 1826 – 22 March 1890 (National Order); 15 November 1889 – present (House Order)
Royal house	House of Orleans-Braganza
Grand Master	Disputed: ; Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza ; Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza
Grades	Grand Cross; Commander; Knight
Precedence
Next (higher)	Imperial Order of the Southern Cross
Next (lower)	Imperial Order of the Rose
	; Ribbon bar of the order; ;

The Imperial Order of Dom Pedro I (Portuguese: Imperial Ordem de Pedro Primeiro or Imperial Ordem de Pedro Primeiro, Fundador do Império do Brasil) is a Brazilian order of chivalry instituted by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil on 16 April 1826. It is considered by many numismatists as the rarest of the Brazilian imperial orders.

On 22 March 1890, the order was cancelled as national order by the interim government of United States of Brazil. Since the deposition in 1889 of the last Brazilian monarch, Emperor Pedro II, the order continues as a house order being awarded by the Heads of the House of Orleans-Braganza, pretenders to the defunct throne of Brazil. The current Brazilian Imperial Family is split into two branches Petrópolis and Vassouras, and the Grand Mastership of the Order is disputed between those two branches.

History

Created by a short decree of 16 April 1826, the order initially consisted of one grade and was only awarded to reigning monarchs.^[2] It was only regularized by Decree No. 228 of 19 October 1842, which would finally establish its degrees, number of holders and establish the design of the insignia. In that time, it was characterized as a strictly personal award of Emperor Pedro I, its grand master, which awarded only one person: his father-in-law Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. It was Emperor Pedro II who most distributed the order, being, nevertheless, the Brazilian order that had fewer holders.

It would be intended for both nationals and foreigners, who, as well as members of the Imperial Family (who were Grand Crosses of the Order from birth),^[2] would not need to take oath or respect the maximum number of members of each degree.

Despite what some sources cite, the creator of the project was not Jean-Baptiste Debret, so he himself does not know how to accurately describe the insignia in his Voyage pittoresque.

Characteristics

Many authors point out the similarities of this with the insignia of the French Order of the Iron Crown

Insignia

Grand cross

Obverse: topped by imperial crown, winged dragon, in reference to the House of Braganza, red sole and out of crown (old), garnished with fruity coffee branches and topped with green ribbon with gold inscription Founder of the Empire of Brazil. The dragon carries a green and gold shield with the inscription P.I. The crown of the city, enamelled with white and gold-plated, does not appear on the posterior insignia, and the dragon is completed with its tail.
Reverse: equal, differentiating itself by the legend inscribed in the shield: now To the recognition of the Empire of Brazil ora 16-4-1826.

Tape and band

Green in color with white borders.

Degrees

Grand Cross (styled "Excellency" and limited to 12 recipients)
Commander ( styled "Senhor" and limited to 40 recipients)
Knight (limited to 100 recipients)

Recipients

Officially, Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias was the only Brazilian awarded the commendation. There are discussions as to whether Felisberto Caldeira Brant, the Marquis of Barbacena, would have been honored as a knight or great cross. It is supposed, however, that it is a confusion, for the Marquis of Barbacena was in fact the bearer of the Grand Cross granted to Francis I of Austria, the latter being the first to be awarded. From what can be found in records, only these holders of the Order are considered official outside of any recent conferrals by either branch of the family:

References

^ Register of Orders of Chivalry. ISBN 979-12-20389-43-3 © 2022 International Commission for Orders of Chivalry (Commissione Internazionale permanente per lo studio degli Ordini Cavallereschi), p. 40
^ ^a ^b Bernard Burke, ed. (1858). "Brazil". The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honour. London: Hurst & Blackett. p. 70.
^ Queen Victoria, "Tuesday, 3rd December 1872", Queen Victoria's Journals, vol. 61, p. 333 – via The Royal Archives

Literature

Poliano, Luís Marques. Heráldica. Ed. GRD. Rio de Janeiro, 1986.
Poliano, Luís Marques. Ordens honoríficas do Brasil.

[1] Register of Orders of Chivalry. ISBN 979-12-20389-43-3 © 2022 International Commission for Orders of Chivalry (Commissione Internazionale permanente per lo studio degli Ordini Cavallereschi), p. 40

[Burke-2] Bernard Burke, ed. (1858). "Brazil". The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honour. London: Hurst & Blackett. p. 70.

[3] Queen Victoria, "Tuesday, 3rd December 1872", Queen Victoria's Journals, vol. 61, p. 333 – via The Royal Archives

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