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Next Malaysian general election
← 2022 By 17 February 2028 (2028-02-17) Next →
All 222 seats in the Dewan Rakyat
112 seats needed for a majority
 
Leader Anwar Ibrahim Muhyiddin Yassin Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
Party PKR BERSATU UMNO
Alliance Pakatan Harapan Perikatan Nasional Barisan Nasional
Last election 81 seats 74 seats 30 seats
Current seats 81 68 30
Seats needed Increase 31 Increase 44 Increase 82
 
Leader Abang Johari Hajiji Noor Shafie Apdal
Party PBB GAGASAN WARISAN
Alliance GPS GRS
Last election 23 seats 6 seats 3 seats
Current seats 23 6 3
Seats needed Steady[nb 1] Steady[nb 2] Increase 109
Incumbent Prime Minister

Anwar Ibrahim
PH



General elections must be held in Malaysia by 17 February 2028. Redistribution and boundary changes for the constituencies are expected to take place by 2026, with the last taking place before the 2018 general election.

Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, leader of Pakatan Harapan, currently leads a coalition government consisting of PH, BN, GPS, GRS, WARISAN and other minor parties.[1] Perikatan Nasional (PN) and the Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA) sit as the opposition.[2][3]

The 2022 general election saw PN make gains primarily in the northern peninsular states of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, and Terengganu in what was dubbed as the Green Wave.[4][5][6][7][8][9] It resulted in a hung parliament for the first time in Malaysian electoral history.

Electoral system

Further information: Elections in Malaysia

Elections in Malaysia are conducted at the federal and state levels. Federal elections elect members of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state elections in each of the 13 states elect members of their respective state legislative assembly. As Malaysia follows the Westminster system of government, the head of government (Prime Minister at the federal level and the Chief Ministers, the so-called Menteri Besar, at the state level) is the person who commands the confidence of the majority of members in the respective legislature – this is normally the leader of the party or coalition with the majority of seats in the legislature.

The Dewan Rakyat consists of 222 members, known as Members of Parliament (MPs), that are elected for five-year terms. Each MP is elected from a single-member constituency using the first-past-the-post voting system. If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the government, with its leader becoming the Prime Minister. In the event of a hung parliament, where no single party obtains the majority of seats, the government may still form through a coalition or a confidence and supply agreement with other parties. In practice, coalitions and alliances in Malaysia generally persist between elections, and member parties do not normally contest for the same seats.

Timeline

Dissolution of parliament

The 14th Parliament of Malaysia was dissolved on 10 October 2022, during a special televised address by Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob, following an audience with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Abdullah, a day prior, whereby he provided consent for the dissolution. The election had to be held within 60 days or by 9 December.[10]

The Constitution of Malaysia requires that a general election be held in the fifth calendar year after the first sitting unless it is dissolved earlier by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong following a motion of no confidence, loss of supply or a request by the prime minister.

Dissolution of state legislatures

While any state may dissolve its legislature independently of Parliament, most of them had historically dissolve at around the same time as Parliament such that federal and state elections are held simultaneously. In accordance with Malaysian law, Parliament as well as the legislative assemblies of each state would automatically expire on the fifth anniversary of the first sitting of a term, unless dissolved prior to that date by the relevant heads of state on the advice of their respective heads of government. Elections must be held within sixty days of expiry or dissolution.

Dates of the legislature of each state would expire and their actual dissolution dates
Legislature

(and term number)

Term began Refs Term ends

(on or before)

Latest possible

election date

Refs
Sabah Sabah (16th) 9 October 2020 [11] 9 October 2025 8 December 2025
Malacca Malacca (15th) 27 December 2021 [12] 27 December 2026 25 February 2027
Sarawak Sarawak (19th) 14 February 2022 [13] 14 February 2027 15 April 2027
Johor Johor (15th) 21 April 2022 [14] 21 April 2027 20 June 2027
Perlis Perlis (15th) 19 December 2022 [15] 19 December 2027 17 February 2028
Perak Perak (15th) 19 December 2022 [16] 19 December 2027 17 February 2028
Pahang Pahang (15th) 29 December 2022 [17] 29 December 2027 27 February 2028
Penang Penang (15th) 29 August 2023 [18] 29 August 2028 28 October 2028
Kelantan Kelantan (15th) 5 September 2023 [19] 5 September 2028 4 November 2028
Selangor Selangor (15th) 19 September 2023 [20] 19 September 2023 18 November 2028
Terengganu Terengganu (15th) 24 September 2023 [21] 24 September 2028 23 September 2028
Kedah Kedah (15th) 25 September 2023 [22] 25 September 2028 24 November 2028
Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan (15th) 26 September 2023 [23] 26 September 2028 25 September 2028

Notes

  1. ^ GPS only contests seats in Sarawak, insufficient to form government in their own right.
  2. ^ GRS only contests seats in Sabah and Labuan, insufficient to form government in their own right.

References

  1. ^ "Parliament session on Dec 19, motion of confidence on PM to be tabled - PM Anwar". Bernama. 24 November 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  2. ^ "PN to stay as opposition bloc, to provide checks and balances to Anwar's unity govt". The Straits Times. 25 November 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  3. ^ "Syed Saddiq: Muda turns opposition as 'third force', withdraws from unity govt". Malay Mail. 10 September 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  4. ^ "Malaysia's 'Green Wave' Was a Long Time Coming". Fulcrum Singapore. 26 January 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  5. ^ "'Green wave' sweeps over voters". The Star. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  6. ^ "Iman Research: PAS' 'green wave' long time coming, came from lack of Pakatan presence and winning over first-time voters". Malay Mail. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  7. ^ "'Gelombang hijau' PAS akan berkembang dalam PRN, kata Hadi". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  8. ^ "ULASAN Kejutan 'Gelombang Hijau' dalam PRU15". Malaysia Kini. 30 November 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  9. ^ "Bangkitnya 'gelombang hijau' di Malaysia". Benar News. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  10. ^ Zahiid, Syed Jamal (10 October 2022). "PM Ismail Sabri dissolves Parliament to pave way for GE15". Malay Mail. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  11. ^ ASMIN, ASYIKIN (9 October 2020). "74 ADUN Sabah angkat sumpah". Sinar Harian (in Malay). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  12. ^ Othman, Farah Suhaidah (27 December 2021). "DUN Melaka – 20 ahli DUN angkat sumpah" (in Malay). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  13. ^ "ADUN Sarawak angkat sumpah". Sinar Harian (in Malay). 14 February 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  14. ^ Hassim, Masuana (21 April 2022). "56 AHLI DEWAN UNDANGAN NEGERI (ADUN) JOHOR ANGKAT SUMPAH JAWATAN". Laman Web MKN (in Malay). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  15. ^ Sharif, Aizat (19 December 2022). "14 Adun PN angkat sumpah di Perlis [METROTV]". Harian Metro. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  16. ^ abdulrahman (19 December 2022). "Sidang DUN Perak Ke-15 Bermula, 58 ADUN Angkat Sumpah - Malaysiaaktif". Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  17. ^ Yahya, Syahira (29 December 2022). "42 ADUN Pahang angkat sumpah". MalaysiaGazette. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  18. ^ ROSLI, SYAJARATULHUDA MOHAMAD (29 August 2023). "40 ADUN Pulau Pinang angkat sumpah". Sinar Harian (in Malay). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  19. ^ ABDULLAH, YATIMIN (5 September 2023). "45 ADUN Kelantan selesai angkat sumpah hari ini". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  20. ^ Zain, Nizam (19 September 2023). "56 ADUN Selangor selesai angkat sumpah". MalaysiaGazette. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  21. ^ KAMARUDDIN, KAMALIZA (24 September 2023). "Mohd. Nor dilantik Speaker DUN Terengganu baharu". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  22. ^ HAMID, NURUL HIDAYAH (25 September 2023). "YDP Pas Langkawi angkat sumpah Speaker DUN Kedah". Sinar Harian (in Malay). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  23. ^ ISA, BADRUL HAFIZAN MAT (26 September 2023). "ADUN di Negeri Sembilan angkat sumpah jawatan hari ini". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
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