List of heliophysics missions
Appearance
This is a list of missions supporting heliophysics, including solar observatory missions, solar orbiters, and spacecraft studying the solar wind.[1]
Past and current missions
[edit]Spacecraft | Launch date | Operator | Orbit | Outcome | Remarks | Carrier rocket |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite (ACRIMSAT) | 20 December 1999 | NASA | low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Success | Contact lost 14 December 2013 | Taurus 2110 |
Aditya-L1 | 2 September 2023 | ISRO | Earth-Sun L1 Halo | Operational | PSLV-XL(C57) | |
Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) | 25 August 1997 | NASA | Earth-Sun L1 Lissajous | Operational | Delta II 7920-8 | |
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) | 25 April 2007 | NASA | low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Operational | Pegasus-XL | |
Ariel 1 | 26 April 1962 | SERC/NASA | low Earth | Success | Deorbited 24 May 1976 | Thor DM-19 Delta |
Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) | January 2013 | NASA | atmospheric | Success | total of 63 flights, last launched 30 August 2016 | high-altitude balloons |
Cluster | 4 June 1996 | ESA | highly elliptical geocentric | Failure at launch | 4 spacecraft | Ariane 5G |
Cluster II | 16 July 2000 | ESA | high Earth | Operational | 4 Spacecraft, replaced the original Cluster mission that failed on launch. | Soyuz-U/Fregat |
Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics Investigations (CINDI) | 16 April 2008 | NASA | low Earth | Success | Deorbited 28 November 2015 | Pegasus-XL |
Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) | 11 February 2015 | NASA/NOAA | Earth-Sun L1 Lissajous | Operational | Falcon 9 v1.1 | |
Double Star | 29 December 2003 | CNSA/ESA | highly elliptical geocentric | Success | 2 spacecraft, deorbited 14 October 2007 | Long March 2C |
Equator-S | 2 December 1997 | ISTP/MPE | geosynchronous transfer | Partial success (terminated early) | Contact lost 1 May 1998 | Ariane 4 (44P) |
Explorer 10 | 25 March 1961 | NASA | highly elliptical geocentric | Success | Deorbited 1 June 1968 | Thor DM-19 Delta |
Explorer 50 (IMP-8) | 26 October 1973 | NASA | high Earth | Success | Contact lost 7 October 2006 | Delta (1913) |
Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer (FAST) | 21 August 1996 | NASA | low Earth | Success | Decommissioned 4 May 2009 | Pegasus-XL |
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) | 16 October 1975 | NASA/NOAA | geostationary | Operational | 18 spacecraft launched, 5 still in operation, 1 more planned | various |
Geotail | 24 July 1992 | ISAS/NASA | high Earth | Success | Deactivated 28 November 2022. | Delta II 6925 |
Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) (aboard SES-14) | 26 January 2018 | NASA | geosynchronous | Operational | Ariane 5 ECA | |
Helios | 10 December 1974 | NASA / DFVLR | heliocentric | Success | 2 spacecraft, last contact 10 Feb 1986 | Titan IIIE/Star-37 |
Hinode (Solar-B) | 23 September 2006 | JAXA / NASA / PPARC | low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Operational | M-V | |
IBEX | 19 October 2008 | NASA | high Earth | Operational | Pegasus-XL/Star-27 | |
IMAGE | 25 March 2000 | NASA | high Earth | Success | Contact lost 18 December 2005 | Delta II 7326-9.5 |
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) | 27 June 2013 | NASA | low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Operational | Pegasus-XL | |
ISEE-1 | 22 October 1977 | NASA | high Earth | Success | Deorbited 26 September 1987 | Thor-Delta 2914 |
ISEE-2 | 22 October 1977 | NASA | high Earth | Success | Deorbited 26 September 1987 | Thor-Delta 2914 |
International Cometary Explorer (ICE) | 12 August 1978 | NASA | Earth-Sun L1 halo to heliocentric | Success | Contact lost 16 September 2014 | Delta 2914 |
Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) | 11 October 2019 | SSL/NASA | low Earth | Operational | Pegasus-XL | |
Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) | 13 March 2015 | NASA | highly elliptical geocentric | Operational | 4 spacecraft | Atlas V 421 |
Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (OGO) | 4 September 1964 | NASA | various geocentric | Success (mostly) | 6 satellites, last Deorbited 29 August 2020 | various Agena |
PAMELA detector (located on Resurs-DK No.1) | 15 June 2006 | PAMELA group | low Earth | Success | Decommissioned 7 February 2016 | Soyuz-U |
Parker Solar Probe formerly Solar Probe Plus |
12 August 2018 | NASA | heliocentric | Operational | Delta IV Heavy | |
Polar | 24 February 1996 | NASA | highly elliptical geocentric | Success | Decommissioned 28 April 2008 | Delta II 7925-10 |
Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscope Imager (RHESSI) | 5 February 2002 | NASA | low Earth | Success | Decommissioned 16 August 2018 | Pegasus-XL |
Skylab and the Apollo Telescope Mount | 14 May 1973 | NASA | low Earth | Success | Deorbited 11 July 1979 | Saturn INT-21 |
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) | 2 December 1995 | ESA/NASA | Earth-Sun L1 halo | Operational | Atlas IIAS | |
Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) | 3 July 1992 | NASA/MPE | low Earth | Success | Deorbited 13 November 2012 | Scout G-1 |
Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) | 11 February 2010 | NASA | geosynchronous | Operational | Atlas V 401 | |
Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) | 14 February 1980 | NASA | low Earth | Success | Deorbited 2 December 1989 | Delta 3910 |
Solar Orbiter | 10 February 2020 | ESA/NASA | 24°-inclination heliocentric | Operational | Atlas V 411 | |
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) | 25 January 2003 | NASA/LASP | low Earth | Success | Decommissioned 25 February 2020 | Pegasus-XL |
Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) | 25 October 2006 | NASA | heliocentric | Operational | 2 spacecraft, 1 still operational | Delta II 7925 |
Space Environment Testbeds (on DSX) | 25 June 2019 | AFRL | medium Earth | Success | Decommissioned 31 May 2021 | Falcon Heavy |
Space Technology 5 (ST5) | 22 March 2006 | NASA | low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Success | 3 spacecraft, decommissioned 30 June 2006 | Pegasus-XL |
Spartan 201 (STS-87) | 19 November 1997 | NASA | low Earth | Failure during deployment | Landed 5 December 1997 | Space Shuttle Columbia |
Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) | 26 February 1998 | LASP | low Earth | Success | Deorbited 13 December 2003 | Pegasus-XL |
Swarm | 22 November 2013 | ESA | low Earth | Operational | 3 spacecraft | Rokot / Briz-KM |
Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) | 7 December 2001 | NASA | low Earth | Operational | Delta II 7920-10 | |
Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) | 17 February 2007 | NASA | various | Operational | 5 spacecraft | Delta II 7925-10C |
Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) | 1 April 1998 | NASA | low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Success | Decommissioned 21 June 2010 | Pegasus-XL |
TWINS A & B | 28 June 2006 | NASA | highly elliptical geocentric (Molniya) | Success | 2 spacecraft, decommissioned 2020 | various |
Ulysses | 6 October 1990 | NASA/ESA | high-inclination heliocentric | Success | Decommissioned 30 June 2009 | Space Shuttle Discovery |
Van Allen Probes formerly Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) |
30 August 2012 | NASA | highly elliptical geocentric | Success | 2 spacecraft, decommissioned 2019 | Atlas V 401 |
Voyager | 5 September 1977 | NASA | heliocentric to galactocentric | Operational | 2 spacecraft, both still in operation | Titan IIIE |
WIND | 1 November 1994 | NASA | Earth-Sun L1 halo | Operational | Delta II (7925–10) | |
Yohkoh (Solar-A) | 30 August 1991 | ISAS / NASA / PPARC | low Earth | Success | Deorbited 12 September 2005 | Mu-3S-II |
Proposed missions
[edit]Spacecraft | Launch date | Operator | Orbit | Outcome | Remarks | Carrier rocket |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADvanced Astronomy for HELIophysics (ADAHELI) | TBD | Proposed | ||||
Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (EZIE) | After June 2024 | Planned[2] | ||||
PROBA-3 | September 2024 | ESA | Highly elliptical orbit | Planned | 2 spacecraft | PSLV-XL |
Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) | 27 February 2025 | NASA | Planned | 4 spacecraft | Falcon 9 | |
Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) | 2025 | ESA/CAS | Highly elliptical orbit | Planned | Vega-C | |
Vigil | 2031 | ESA | Earth-Sun L5 and L1 | Planned | 2 spacecraft |
Graphic
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Evolving_Heliophysics_System_Observatory.jpg)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Heliophysics Research - NASA Archived 2016-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "EZIE | Science Mission Directorate". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2023.