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List of fruit bats

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Chiroptera
Cladogram showing the position of Pteropodidae (fruit bats) within Yinpterochiroptera[1][2]

Fruit bats, also known as flying foxes or megabats, are the 197 species of bats that make up the suborder Megachiroptera, found throughout the tropics of Africa, Asia, and Oceania, of which 186 are extant. The suborder is part of the order Chiroptera (bats), and contains a single family, Pteropodidae. The family is divided into between two and six subfamilies, with recent phylogenetic analysis suggesting a different classification structure of the known species than before. Bats have been traditionally thought to be a monophyletic group; according to this model, all living fruit bats and microbats (Microchiroptera) are descendants of a common ancestor species that was already capable of flight.[3]

However, there are alternate hypotheses which conclude that bats are polyphyletic. The flying primate hypothesis was created in the 1980s stating that, based on morphological evidence, the Megachiroptera evolved flight separately from the Microchiroptera, although genetic evidence supports the monophyly of bats. This model states that fruit bats and primates share several anatomical features not seen in microbats, and are thus more closely related; for example, their brains show a number of advanced characteristics that link them to primates.[4][5]

The Yinpterochiroptera is a proposed suborder of the Chiroptera based on molecular evidence consisting of the fruit bats and five other microbat families: Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, Craseonycteridae, and Megadermatidae. This model also challenges the view that the Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera are monophyletic. The other suborder consisting of the other bat species would be the Yangochiroptera.[1][2]

Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (4 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (8 species)
 EN Endangered (15 species)
 VU Vulnerable (40 species)
 NT Near threatened (13 species)
 LC Least concern (88 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (22 species)
 NE Not evaluated (2 species)

Conservation statuses listed for each species follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Species considered valid are also based on the Red List of Threatened Species unless noted otherwise in a super-scripted note. The Increase symbol indicates that the species's population trend is positive, the Decrease symbol indicates that the species's population trend is negative, the Steady symbol indicates that the species's population is stable, and the Question? symbol indicates that the species's population trend is unknown. Population trends are based on the Red List of Threatened Species. The super-scripted "IUCN" tag is a link to that species's Red List of Threatened Species page. If a species has taxonomic synonyms, a list of these is provided in the "Scientific name" column, underneath the binomial name and author, based on the book Mammal Species of the World. If a species has subspecies, a list of these is provided in the "Common name" column, underneath the common name, also based upon Mammal Species of the World.

Classification

[edit]

There are between two and six recognized subfamilies of fruit bats according to various authors: Cynopterinae, Epomophorinae, Harpionycterinae, Nyctimeninae, Macroglossinae, Rousettinae, and Pteropodinae. However, the relationships among fruit bats are not resolved. According to phylogenetic analysis, the Macroglossinae and Pteropodinae are not monophyletic, and possibly also the Cynopterinae and the Epomophorinae.[6] A new clade consisting solely of African fruit bats is supported by phylogenetic analysis, which will consist of 12 genera currently placed in several different subfamilies.[7] Conversely, there may have been at least three separate colonization events of Africa by fruit bats.[8] There is also controversy regarding the Southeast Asian fruit bats.[6] Listed here are 45 genera and 197 species. Of these, the IUCN classifies 88 species as least concern, 13 as near threatened, 40 as vulnerable, 15 as endangered, eight as critically endangered, four as recently extinct, and 22 as data deficient. Seven species listed here are not evaluated. The population trends of 78 species are decreasing, 40 are stable, three are increasing, and 65 are unknown.

Subfamily Pteropodinae

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Tribe Pteropodini

[edit]
Tribe Pteropodini – 5 genera, 73 species
Genus Pteropus Brisson, 1762 – 65 species
Synonyms:[10]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Little red flying fox P. scapulatus
Peters, 1862
Synonyms:[11]
aLC IUCN Question? northern and eastern coast of Australia
Native in blue, vagrant in brown
A brown bat with an orange nape
Mariana fruit bat

Subspecies:[12]
    • P. m. mariannus
      Desmarest, 1822
    • P. m. paganensis
      Yamashima, 1932
    • P. m. ulthiensis
      Yamashima, 1932
P. mariannus
Desmarest, 1822
dEN IUCN Decrease Micronesia A black bat with a light orange neck
Large flying fox

Subspecies:[13]
P. vampyrus
Linnaeus, 1758
bNT IUCN Decrease Southern Indochina, Sumatra excluding the mountains, Borneo, Java, and the Philippines A rufus-colored bat with brown wings
Ryukyu flying fox

Subspecies:[14]
    • P. d. dasymallus
      Temminck, 1825
    • P. d. daitonensis
      Kuroda, 1921
    • P. d. formosus
      Sclater, 1873
    • P. d. inopinatus
      Kuroda, 1933
    • P. d. yayeyamae
      Kuroda, 1933
P. dasymallus
Temminck, 1825
cVU IUCN Decrease Ryukyu Islands in southern Japan, Taiwan, and the northern Philippines A black bat with an orange underside and a black head
Admiralty flying fox

Subspecies:[10]
P. admiralitatum
Thomas, 1894
aLC IUCN Question? New Britain and New Ireland near New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands
Aldabra flying fox P. aldabrensis
True, 1893
cVU IUCN Steady Seychelles near Madagascar
Black flying fox

Subspecies:[15]
P. alecto
Temminck, 1837
aLC IUCN Question? Sulawesi, scattered in Java, southern New Guinea, and the northern coast of Australia A black bat with brown-pink wings
Vanuatu flying fox

Subspecies:[15]
    • P. a. anetianus
      Gray, 1870
    • P. a. aorensis
      Lawrence, 1945
    • P. a. bakeri
      Thomas, 1904
    • P. a. banksiana
      Sanborn, 1930
    • P. a. eotinus
      Andersen, 1913
    • P. a. motalavae
      Felten and Kock, 1972
    • P. a. pastoris
      Felten and Kock, 1972
P. anetianus
Gray, 1870
cVU IUCN Decrease Vanuatu near eastern Australia
Aru flying fox P. aruensis
Peters, 1867
Synonyms:[15]
eCR IUCN[a] Decrease Aru Islands near New Guinea
Torresian flying fox Pteropus banakrisi[b]
Richards and Hall, 2002
iNE Moa Island near New Guinea
Dusky flying fox P. brunneus
Dobson, 1878
gEX IUCN Formerly Percy Island in Queensland, Australia, until the 19th or 20th century
Ashy-headed flying fox

Subspecies:[15]
P. caniceps
Gray, 1870
cVU IUCN Decrease Maluku west of New Guinea
Bismarck masked flying fox

Subspecies:[15]
P. capistratus
Peters, 1866
bNT IUCN Decrease New Britain and New Ireland near New Guinea, and northeast New Guinea
Native range in green, vagrant range in brown
A gray bat with dark brown wings and a white face with brown stripes on the ridge of the snout, under the cheeks, and around the face
Moluccan flying fox P. chrysoproctus[c]
Temminck, 1837
cVU IUCN Decrease Maluku in Indonesia A black bat with a tan head and neck, and a black snout
Makira flying fox P. cognatus
Andersen, 1908
cVU IUCN Decrease Southern Solomon Islands
Spectacled flying fox

Subspecies:[15]
    • P. c. conspicillatus
      Gould, 1849
    • P. c. chrysauchen
      Peters, 1862
P. conspicillatus
Gould, 1849
aLC IUCN Steady Maluku, the coast of New Guinea excluding the south-central coast, and the eastern coast of Queensland A black bat with a blond neck and eye-spots
Nicobar flying fox P. faunulus
Miller, 1902
cVU IUCN Decrease Nicobar Islands in India
Banks flying fox P. fundatus
Felten and Kock, 1972
dEN IUCN Decrease Northern Vanuatu near Australia
Indian flying fox

Subspecies:[18]
    • P. g. giganteus
      Brünnich, 1782
    • P. g. ariel
      Allen, 1908
    • P. g. chinghaiensis
      Wang and Wang, 1962
    • P. g. leucocephalus
      Hodgson, 1835
P. giganteus
Brünnich, 1782
aLC IUCN Decrease Indian subcontinent An orange bat with a black head and wings
Gilliard's flying fox P. gilliardorum
van Deusen, 1969
hDD IUCN Question? New Britain and New Ireland near New Guinea
Gray flying fox

Subspecies:[19]
P. griseus
Geoffroy, 1810
hDD IUCN Question? Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands near Java A bat skull with the jaw detached and sharp, large teeth
Ontong Java flying fox P. howensis
Troughton, 1931
hDD IUCN Question? Northern Solomon Islands
Small flying fox

Subspecies:[20]
P. hypomelanus
Temminck, 1825
Synonyms:[20]
    • P. vociferous
      Peale, 1848
aLC IUCN Decrease The Philippines, Sulawesi, New Britain near New Guinea, and the northeast New Guinea coast A black bat with a tan head and a black face
Ruck flying fox

Subspecies:[21]
Pteropus insularis[d]
Hombron and Jacquinot, 1842
iNE Micronesia A brown bat with a white nape
Andersen's flying fox P. intermedius
Andersen, 1908
hDD IUCN Question? Central Indochina
Kei flying fox P. keyensis
Peters, 1867
hDD IUCN Question? Kei Islands near New Guinea
Lombok flying fox

Subspecies:[21]
    • P. l. lombocensis
      Dobson, 1889
    • P. l. heudei
      Matschie, 1899
    • P. l. salottii
      Kitchener, 1995
P. lombocensis
Dobson, 1878
hDD IUCN Question? Eastern Java and the western Lesser Sunda Islands
Okinawa flying fox P. loochoensis
Gray, 1870
hDD IUCN Question? Okinawa Island in southern Japan
Lyle's flying fox P. lylei
Andersen, 1908
cVU IUCN Decrease Southern coast of Indochina excluding the Malay peninsula A black bat with a brown neck and a black face
Big-eared flying fox

Subspecies:[12]
P. macrotis
Peters, 1867
aLC IUCN Steady New Guinea excluding the New Guinea highlands
Lesser flying fox P. mahaganus
Sanborn, 1931
aLC IUCN Decrease Northern Solomon Islands
Black-bearded flying fox P. melanopogon
Peters, 1867
dEN IUCN Decrease Lesser Sunda Islands near Java, and Maluku near New Guinea A bat skull with large teeth and the mouth closed
Black-eared flying fox

Subspecies:[24]
P. melanotus
Blyth, 1863
cVU IUCN Decrease Andaman and Nicobar Islands near Sumatra
Range in red, extinct in black
A taxidermy of a tan bat with dark brown limbs
Caroline flying fox P. molossinus
Temminck, 1853
cVU IUCN Steady Micronesia A bat skeleton with the skull and body detached
Great flying fox

Subspecies:[12]
    • P. n. neohibernicus
      Peters, 1867
    • P. n. hilli
      Felten, 1961
P. neohibernicus
Peters, 1867
aLC IUCN Question? New Guinea excluding the New Guinea highlands Bat skeleton in a flying position
Mauritian flying fox P. niger
Kerr, 1792
Synonyms:[25]
    • P. fuscus
      Geoffroy, 1803
    • P. mauritianus
      Hermann, 1804
    • P. rufus
      Tiedemann, 1808
    • P. pteropus
      Merriam and Brisson, 1895
    • P. vulgaris
      Geoffroy, 1810
cVU IUCN Steady Mauritius near Madagascar A black bat with a yellow face
Temotu flying fox P. nitendiensis
Sanborn, 1930
Synonyms:[25]
dEN IUCN Decrease Southern Solomon Islands
Ceram fruit bat P. ocularis
Peters, 1867
Synonyms:[25]
    • P. ceramensis
      Gray, 1871
cVU IUCN Decrease Maluku near New Guinea
Ornate flying fox

Subspecies:[25]
P. ornatus
Gray, 1870
cVU IUCN Decrease New Caledonia near Australia
Pelew flying fox P. pelewensis
Andersen, 1909
bNT IUCN Steady Palau near Indonesia A bat skull overturned with all the teeth crowns showing
Masked flying fox P. personatus
Temminck, 1825
aLC IUCN Steady North Molucca Islands near New Guinea A taxidermy of a light brown bat
Large Palau flying fox P. pilosus
Andersen, 1909
gEX IUCN Formerly Palau since 1874
Geelvink Bay flying fox P. pohlei
Stein, 1933
cVU IUCN Decrease West Papuan Islands near New Guinea
Grey-headed flying fox P. poliocephalus
Temminck, 1825
cVU IUCN Decrease Eastern coast of Australia A black bat with a light orange head and neck
Bonin flying fox P. pselaphon
Lay, 1829
Synonyms:[26]
dEN IUCN Steady Bonin Islands in Japan A taxidermy of a black bat with tan-brown wings
Little golden-mantled flying fox P. pumilus
Miller, 1911
Synonyms:[26]
bNT IUCN Decrease The Philippines
Solomons flying fox

Subspecies:[26]
    • P. r. rayneri
      Gray, 1870
    • P. r. grandis
      Thomas, 1887
    • P. r. lavellanus
      Andersen, 1908
    • P. r. monoensis
      Lawrence, 1945
    • P. r. rubianus
      Andersen, 1908
P. rayneri
Gray, 1870
bNT IUCN Decrease The Solomon Islands near New Guinea
Rennell flying fox P. rennelli
Troughton, 1929
dEN IUCN Decrease The Solomon Islands near New Guinea
Rodrigues flying fox P. rodricensis
Dobson, 1878
Synonyms:[27]
    • P. mascarinus
      Mason, 1907
dEN IUCN Increase Mauritius near Madagascar
Madagascan flying fox P. rufus
Geoffroy, 1803
Synonyms:[27]
cVU IUCN Decrease Madagascar highlands A black bat with a tan forehead and neck
Samoa flying fox

Subspecies:[11]
    • P. s. samoensis
      Peale, 1848
    • P. s. nawaiensis
      Gray, 1870
P. samoensis
Peale, 1848
bNT IUCN Decrease Samoa in the southwest Pacific Ocean A black bat with a light orange neck
Seychelles fruit bat

Subspecies:[11]
    • P. s. seychellensis
      Milne-Edwards, 1877
    • P. s. comorensis
      Nicoll, 1908
P. seychellensis
Milne-Edwards, 1877
aLC IUCN Steady Seychelles near Madagascar An orange bat with black legs, wings, and snout
Philippine gray flying fox P. speciosus
Andersen, 1908
Synonyms:[11]
hDD IUCN Question? Scattered populations in Indonesia and the Philippines
Small Mauritian flying fox P. subniger
Kerr, 1792
Synonyms:[11]
gEX IUCN Formerly Mauritius until 1859 A taxidermy of a light brown bat
Temminck's flying fox

Subspecies:[13]
P. temminckii
Peters, 1867
cVU IUCN Decrease Moluccan Islands near New Guinea A bat skull with the jaw detached
Guam flying fox P. tokudae
Tate, 1934
gEX IUCN Formerly Guam until 1968
Insular flying fox

Subspecies:[13]
P. tonganus
Quoy and Gaimard, 1830
aLC IUCN Decrease South Pacific Islands near Australia A black bat with an orange neck
Vanikoro flying fox P. tuberculatus
Peters, 1869
eCR IUCN[e] Question? Vanikoro Island in the Solomon Islands
Kosrae flying fox P. ualanus
Peters, 1883
Synonyms:[13]
cVU IUCN Steady Kosrae Island in Micronesia in the South Pacific Ocean A dark brown bat with a lighter brown neck and forehead
New Caledonia flying fox P. vetulus
Jouan, 1863
Synonyms:[28]
cVU IUCN Decrease New Caledonia near Australia
Pemba flying fox P. voeltzkowi
Matschie, 1909
cVU IUCN Increase Pemba Island near Tanzania
Dwarf flying fox P. woodfordi
Thomas, 1888
Synonyms:[28]
    • P. austini
      Lawrence, 1945
aLC IUCN Decrease Solomon Islands
Yap flying fox P. yapensis
Andersen, 1908
cVU IUCN Question? Yap Island in Micronesia A bat skull with the mouth open
Livingstone's fruit bat P. livingstonii
Gray, 1866
eCR IUCN Decrease Comoros near Madagascar A black bat with yellow furs around its waist
Small Samoan flying fox P. allenorum[f]
Helgen, Helgen, and Wilson, 2009
iNE[g] Samoa
Large Samoan flying fox P. coxi[h]
Helgen, Helgen, and Wilson, 2009
iNE[i] Samoa
Genus Acerodon Jourdan, 1837 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Sulawesi flying fox A. celebensis
Peters, 1867
Synonyms:[31]
cVU IUCN Decrease Sulawesi A blond bat with dark brown eyes
Talaud flying fox A. humilis
Andersen, 1909
dEN IUCN Decrease Talaud Islands in the Philippines
Giant golden-crowned flying fox

Subspecies:[31]
A. jubatus
von Eschscholtz, 1831
dEN IUCN Decrease Scattered populations in the Philippines and extinct in the central Philippines
current range in green, possibly extinct in orange, and extinct in black
A bat with reddish-black fur, a light orange forehead, and a black face and wings
Palawan fruit bat

Subspecies:[31]
    • A. l. leucotis
      Sanborn, 1950
    • A. l. obscurus
      Sanborn, 1950
A. leucotis
Sanborn, 1950
cVU IUCN Decrease Palawan Islands in the western Philippines
Sunda flying fox

Subspecies:[31]
A. mackloti
Temminck, 1837
cVU IUCN Decrease Lesser Sunda Islands and Timor
Genus Pteralopex Thomas, 1888 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Bougainville monkey-faced bat P. anceps
Andersen, 1909
dEN IUCN Decrease Northern Solomon Islands
Guadalcanal monkey-faced bat P. atrata
Thomas, 1888
dEN IUCN Decrease Southern Solomon Islands
Greater monkey-faced bat P. flanneryi[j]
Helgen, 2005
eCR IUCN Decrease Northern Solomon Islands excluding the mountains
Montane monkey-faced bat P. pulchra
Flannery, 1991
eCR IUCN[k] Decrease Guadacanal Island in the Solomon Islands
New Georgian monkey-faced bat P. taki
Parnaby, 2002
cVU IUCN Decrease Southern Solomon Islands
Range in red, extinct in black
Genus Styloctenium Matschie, 1899 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat S. wallacei
Gray, 1866
bNT IUCN Decrease Sulawesi An orange bat with white cheeks, chin, and eyebrows, a gray back, and dark brown wings
Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat S. mindorensis
Esselstyn, 2007
hDD IUCN Question? Mindoro Island in the Philippines
Genus Neopteryx Hayman, 1946 – 1 species
Synonyms:[32]
    • Neoptryx
      Van der Zon, 1979
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Small-toothed fruit bat N. frosti
Hayman, 1946
dEN IUCN Decrease Scattered in northern Sulawesi

Tribe Macroglossini

[edit]
Tribe Macroglossini – 2 genera, 5 species
Genus Macroglossus Cuviwer, 1824 – 2 species
Synonyms:[33]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Long-tongued nectar bat

Subspecies:[33]
    • M. m. minimus
      Geoffroy, 1810
    • M. m. booensis
      Kompanje and Moeliker, 2001
    • M. m. lagochilus
      Matschie, 1899
    • M. m. nanus
      Matschie, 1899
M. minimus
Geoffroy, 1810
aLC IUCN Steady Southern Indochina, Malay peninsula, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and the northern coast of Australia A light brown bat with dark brown wings hanging upside down from a tree branch
Long-tongued fruit bat

Subspecies:[33]
M. sobrinus
Andersen, 1911
aLC IUCN Steady Indochina, Malay peninsula, Sumatra, and Java A light brown bat with dark brown wings hanging upside down from a tree
Genus Syconycteris Matschie, 1899 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Common blossom bat

Subspecies:[34]
S. australis
Peters, 1867
aLC IUCN Steady Maluku, New Guinea, and the eastern coast of Australia An orange-brown bat with black wings
Halmahera blossom bat S. carolinae
Rozendaal, 1984
cVU IUCN Decrease North Moluccas in Indonesia
Moss-forest blossom bat S. hobbit
Ziegler, 1982
aLC IUCN Decrease Scattered populations in New Guinea

Tribe Notopterini

[edit]
Tribe Notopterini – 4 genera, 8 species
Genus Notopteris Gray, 1859 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Long-tailed fruit bat N. macdonaldi
Gray, 1859
cVU IUCN Decrease Fiji and Vanuatu Illustration of a bat with dark brown wings, blond fur, and a dark brown nape
New Caledonia blossom bat N. neocaledonica
Trouessart, 1908
cVU IUCN Question? Northern New Caledonia
Genus Melonycteris – 2 subgenera, 3 species Dobson, 1877
Subgenus Melonycteris Dobson, 1877
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Black-bellied fruit bat M. (M.) melanops
Dobson, 1877
Synonyms:[35]
    • M. (M.) alboscapulatus
      Ramsay, 1877
aLC IUCN Steady New Britain and New Ireland near Papua New Guinea Illustration of a dark brown bat with an orange forehead, nape, and shoulders
Subgenus Nesonycteris Thomas, 1887
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Fardoulis' blossom bat

Subspecies:[35]
M. (N.) fardoulisi
Flannery, 1993
aLC IUCN Decrease Southern Solomon Islands
Woodford's fruit bat

Subspecies:[35]
    • M. (N.) w. woodfordi
      Thomas, 1887
    • M. (N.) w. aurantius[l]
      Phillips, 1966
M. (N.) woodfordi
Thomas, 1887
aLC IUCN Question? Northern Solomon Islands
Genus Mirimiri Helgen, 2005 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Fijian monkey-faced bat M. acrodonta[m]
Hill and Beckon, 1978
eCR IUCN Decrease Taveuni Island in Fiji An orange bat with red eyes and a black face
Genus Desmalopex Miller, 1907 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
White-winged flying fox D. leucopterus[n]
Temminck, 1825
Synonyms:[21]
    • D. chinensis
      Gray, 1871
aLC IUCN Decrease Luzon in the northern Philippines A bat skull with the jaw detached and large teeth
Small white-winged flying fox D. microleucopterus[o]
Esselstyn, Harvey, Garcia, Mylanar, Saulog, and Lawrence, 2008
iNE Northern Philippines

Subfamily Nyctimeninae

[edit]
Subfamily Nyctimeninae – 2 genera, 17 species
Genus Nyctimene Rafinesque, 1815 – 15 species
Synonyms:[40]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat N. aello
Thomas, 1900
Synonyms:[40]
aLC IUCN Steady New Guinea excluding the highlands A bat skull and jaw
Common tube-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[40]
N. albiventer
Gray, 1862
aLC IUCN Steady New Guinea excluding the highlands A bat skull with its mouth closed
Pallas's tube-nosed bat

Subspecies:[40]
    • N. c. cephalotes
      Pallas, 1767
    • N. c. aplini
      Kitchener, 1995
N. cephalotes
Pallas, 1767
aLC IUCN Question? Sulawesi, Maluku, and possibly extinct on Timor
range in green, possibly extinct in orange
A bat skull with its mouth closed
Mountain tube-nosed fruit bat N. certans
Andersen, 1912
aLC IUCN Steady New Guinea highlands
Round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat N. cyclotis
Andersen, 1910
hDD IUCN Question? Northwestern tip of New Guinea
Dragon tube-nosed fruit bat N. draconilla
Thomas, 1922
hDD IUCN Question? Central New Guinea
Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[41]
    • N. k. keasti
      Kitchener, 1993
    • N. k. babari
      Bergmans, 2001
    • N. k. tozeri
      Kitchener, 1995
N. keasti
Kitchener, 1993
cVU IUCN Decrease Maluku, the Kai Islands, Tanimbar, and the Babar island groups
Island tube-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[42]
N. major
Dobson, 1877
hDD IUCN Question? New Britain, New Ireland, and the Solomon Islands A bat skull with the mouth closed
Malaita tube-nosed fruit bat N. malaitensis
Phillips, 1968
hDD IUCN Question? Southern Solomon Islands
Lesser tube-nosed bat

Subspecies:[43]
N. minutus
Andersen, 1910
cVU IUCN Decrease Maluku
Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat N. rabori
Heaney and Peterson, 1984
dEN IUCN Decrease Central Philippines
Eastern tube-nosed bat N. robinsoni
Thomas, 1904
Synonyms:[43]
aLC IUCN Question? Gold Coast of Australia A brown bat hanging upside down with its wings wrapped around itself. Its eyes are light brown
Nendo tube-nosed fruit bat N. sanctacrucis
Troughton, 1931
hDD IUCN Question? Santa Cruz Island in the southern Solomon Islands
Umboi tube-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[44]
N. vizcaccia
Thomas, 1914
aLC IUCN Question? New Britain, New Ireland, and the Solomon Islands A bat skull with the mouth open
Demonic tube-nosed fruit bat N. masalai[p]
Smith and Hood, 1983
hDD IUCN Question? New Ireland
Genus Paranyctimene Tate, 1942 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Unstriped tube-nosed bat P. raptor
Tate, 1942
aLC IUCN Question? New Guinea A bat skull with the mouth closed
Steadfast tube-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[44]
    • P. t. tenax
      Bergmans, 2001
    • P. t. marculus
      Bergmans, 2001
P. tenax
Bergmans, 2001
aLC IUCN Question? New Guinea

Subfamily Harpiyonycterinae

[edit]
Subfamily Harpiyonycterinae – 1 genus, 2 species
Genus Harpyionycteris Palmer, 1898 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Sulawesi harpy fruit bat H. celebensis
Miller and Hollister, 1921
cVU IUCN Decrease Sulawesi
Harpy fruit bat

Subspecies:[45]
    • H. w. whiteheadi
      Thomas, 1896
    • H. w. negrosensis
      Peterson and Fenton, 1970
H. whiteheadi
Thomas, 1896
aLC IUCN Steady The Philippines except for the north A dark brown bat with dark brown eyes, and its are wings outstretched

Subfamily Rousettinae

[edit]

Tribe Rousettini

[edit]
Tribe Rousettini – 3 genera, 15 species
Genus Rousettus Gray, 1821 – 3 subgenera, 10 species
Synonyms:[46]
    • Cercopterus
      Burnett, 1829
    • Cynonycteris
      Peters, 1852
    • Eleutherura
      Gray, 1844
    • Senonycteris
      Gray, 1870
    • Xantharpyia
      Gray, 1834
Subgenus Boneia Jentink, 1879
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Manado fruit bat R. (B.) bidens
Jentink, 1879
Synonyms:[47]
    • R. (B.) menadensis
      Thomas, 1896
cVU IUCN Decrease Sulawesi excluding southwest Sulawesi
Subgenus Rousettus Gray, 1821
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Egyptian fruit bat

Subspecies:[47]
    • R. (R.) a. aegyptiacus
      Geoffroy, 1810
    • R. (R.) a. arabicus
      Andersen and de Winton, 1902
    • R. (R.) a. leachii
      Miller, 1916
    • R. (R.) a. princes
      Juste and Iba±ez, 1993
    • R. (R.) a. tomensis
      Juste and Iba±ez, 1993
    • R. (R.) a. unicolor
      Gray, 1870
R. (R.) aegyptiacus
Geoffroy, 1810
aLC IUCN Steady Coast of the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Peninsula, the Nile River, eastern Mediterranean coast, Lake Victoria, central Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, southern South Africa, and the Gold Coast A pale brown bat with dark brown eyes and dark brown wings
Geoffroy's rousette

Subspecies:[47]
    • R. (R.) a. amplexicaudatus
      Geoffroy, 1810
    • R. (R.) a. brachyotis
      Dobson, 1878
    • R. (R.) a. hedigeri
      Pohle, 1952
    • R. (R.) a. infumatus
      Gray, 1871
    • R. (R.) a. minor
      Dobson, 1873
R. (R.) amplexicaudatus
Geoffroy, 1810
aLC IUCN Question? Indochina, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands A bat skeleton
Sulawesi rousette R. (R.) celebensis
Andersen, 1907
aLC IUCN Decrease Sulawesi A light brown bat with dark brown eyes and light gray wings
Leschenault's rousette

Subspecies:[47]
R. (R.) leschenaultii
Desmarest, 1820
aLC IUCN Steady Indian subcontinent, Indochina excluding the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, and Java A dark brown bat with a light brown nape
Linduan rousette R. (R.) linduensis
Maryanto and Yani, 2003
hDD IUCN Question? Lore Lindu National Park in Sulawesi
Comoro rousette R. (R.) obliviosus
Kock, 1978
cVU IUCN Question? Comoros
Bare-backed rousette R. (R.) spinalatus
Bergmans and Hill, 1980
cVU IUCN Decrease Northern Borneo and northern Sumatra
Subgenus Stenonycteris Gray, 1871
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Long-haired rousette R. (S.) lanosus
Thomas, 1906
Synonyms:[48]
aLC IUCN Decrease Scattered populations in inland central-East-Africa A dark brown bat with a blond nape
Madagascan rousette R. (S.) madagascariensis
Grandidier, 1928
bNT IUCN Decrease Coast of Madagascar excluding the southwest coast A bat skull with the jaw detached
Genus Eonycteris Dobson, 1878 – 3 species
Synonyms:[49]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Greater nectar bat E. major
Andersen, 1910
hDD IUCN Question? Borneo
Philippine dawn bat E. robusta
Miller, 1913
bNT IUCN Decrease The Philippines
Dawn bat

Subspecies:[49]
    • E. s. spelaea
      Dobson, 1871
    • E. s. glandifera
      Lawrence, 1939
    • E. s. rosenbergii
      Jentink, 1889
    • E. s. winnyae
      Maharadatunkamsi and Kitchener, 1997
E. spelaea
Dobson, 1871
aLC IUCN Question? The Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java, Timor, Indochina, and scattered populations along the Indian coast and north India A bat skull with the mouth closed
Genus Eidolon Rafinesque, 1837 – 2 species
Synonyms:[50]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Madagascan fruit bat E. dupreanum
Schlegel and Pollen
cVU IUCN Decrease Madagascar excluding the eastern coast A tan bat with black wings, a black face, and an orange neck
Straw-colored fruit bat

Subspecies:[31]
    • E. h. helvum
      Kerr, 1792
    • E. h. annobonensis
      Juste, Ibß±ez, and Machordom, 2000
    • E. h. sabaeum
      Andersen, 1907
E. helvum
Kerr, 1792
bVU IUCN Decrease Subsaharan Africa excluding the Horn of Africa and the Kalahari Desert A gray bat with dark brown eyes and black wings

Tribe Dobsoniini

[edit]
Tribe Dobsoniini – 2 genera, 15 species
Genus Dobsonia Palmer, 1898 – 14 species
Synonyms:[45]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat D. anderseni
Thomas, 1914
aLC IUCN Steady New Britain and New Ireland in Papua New Guinea
Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat D. beauforti
Bergmans, 1975
aLC IUCN Question? Northwestern coast of New Guinea
Philippine naked-backed fruit bat D. chapmani
Rabor, 1975
eCR IUCN Decrease Cebu and Negros Islands in the Philippines
Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat D. crenulata
Andersen, 1908
aLC IUCN Question? Sulawesi and Maluku
Biak naked-backed fruit bat D. emersa
Bergmans and Sarbini, 1985
cVU IUCN Question? Numfoor, Biak-Supiori, and Owi Islands near New Guinea
Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat D. exoleta
Andersen, 1908
aLC IUCN Question? Sulawesi
Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat

Subspecies:[51]
    • D. i. inermis
      Andersen, 1909
    • D. i. minimus
      Phillips, 1968
D. inermis
Andersen, 1909
aLC IUCN Steady Solomon Islands
Lesser naked-backed fruit bat D. minor
Dobson, 1878
aLC IUCN Question? New Guinea excluding the highlands
Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat D. moluccensis
Quoy and Gaimard, 1830
aLC IUCN Steady New Guinea, Maluku, and northern Queensland A light brown bat specimen on display with its mouth open and wings outstretched
New Guinea naked-backed fruit bat D. magna[q]
Thomas, 1905
iNE New Guinea and the northern coast of Queensland
Panniet naked-backed fruit bat

Subspecies:[51]
D. pannietensis
De Vis, 1905
bNT IUCN Question? Milne Bay Province in islands off the southeastern coast of Papua New Guinea
Western naked-backed fruit bat

Subspecies:[51]
    • D. p. peronii
      Geoffroy, 1810
    • D. p. grandis
      Bergmans, 1978
D. peronii
Geoffroy, 1810
aLC IUCN Steady Eastern Java, and the Lesser Sunda Islands
New Britain naked-backed fruit bat D. praedatrix
Andersen, 1908
aLC IUCN Question? New Britain and New Ireland near Papua New Guinea
Greenish naked-backed fruit bat D. viridis
Heude, 1896
aLC IUCN Steady Maluku
Genus Aproteles Menzies, 1977 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Bulmer's fruit bat A. bulmerae
Menzies, 1977
eCR IUCN Decrease Two locations in Papua New Guinea

Subfamily Epomophorinae

[edit]

Tribe Epomophorini

[edit]
Tribe Epomophorini 5 genera, 16 species
Genus Epomophorus Bennett, 1835 – 9 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Angolan epauletted fruit bat E. angolensis
Gray, 1870
bNT IUCN Decrease Western Angola in southwestern Africa
Peters's epauletted fruit bat E. crypturus
Peters, 1852
aLC IUCN Question? Southeast Africa A pinkish-brown bat with brown wings
Gambian epauletted fruit bat

Subspecies:[53]
E. gambianus
Ogilby, 1835
aLC IUCN Question? Saharan/Subsaharan border of Africa A brown bat with a large snout
Lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat E. grandis
Sanborn, 1950
hDD IUCN Question? Northeast Angola in southwestern Africa
Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat E. labiatus
Temminck, 1837
Synonyms:[54]
aLC IUCN Steady East Africa A taxidermy of a light brown bat
East African epauletted fruit bat E. minimus
Claessen and Vree, 1991
aLC IUCN Steady Horn of Africa in central east Africa
Minor epauletted fruit bat E. minor
Dobson, 1879
aLC IUCN Steady Central Africa and East Africa
Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat E. wahlbergi
Sundevall, 1846
Synonyms:[55]
aLC IUCN Steady Southern Africa excluding the Kalahari Desert A light brown bat with brown wings
Ansell's epauletted fruit bat E. anselli
Bergmans & van Strien, 2004
hDD IUCN Question? Malawi in southern Africa
Genus Micropteropus Matschie, 1899 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Hayman's dwarf epauletted fruit bat M. intermedius
Hayman, 1963
hDD IUCN Question? Northern border of Angola in southwestern Africa
Peters' dwarf epauletted fruit bat M. pusillus
Peters, 1867
aLC IUCN Steady Gulf of Guinea coast and the Congo A bat skull with the mouth open
Genus Hypsignathus Allen, 1861 – 1 species
Synonyms:[56]
    • Sphyrocephalus
      Murray, 1862
    • Zygaenocephalus
      Murray, 1862
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Hammer-headed bat H. monstrosus
Allen, 1861
Synonyms:[56]
    • H. labrosus
      Murray, 1862
    • H. macrocephalus
      Peters, 1876
aLC IUCN Question? Gulf of Guinea coast and the Congo A light brown bat with dark brown wings
Genus Epomops Gray, 1870 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat E. buettikoferi
Matschie, 1899
aLC IUCN Decrease Gulf of Guinea coast in West Africa A reddish-brown bat with dark brown wings
Dobson's epauletted fruit bat E. dobsonii
du Bocage, 1889
aLC IUCN Steady South-central Africa A bat skull with the jaw detached
Franquet's epauletted fruit bat E. franqueti
Tomes, 1860
Synonyms:[56]
aLC IUCN Steady The Congo A rufus-colored bat with a white underside and yellow shoulders
Genus Nanonycteris Matschie, 1899 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat N. veldkampii
Jentink, 1888
aLC IUCN Question? Gulf of Guinea coast in West Africa A pinkish-brown bat with dark brown wings

Tribe Myonycterini

[edit]
Tribe Myonycterini 3 genera, 7 species
Genus Myonycteris Matschie, 1899 – 4 species
Synonyms:[32]
    • Phylletis
      Juste and Ibáñez, 1993
Subgenus Myonycteris Matschie, 1899
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
East African little collared fruit bat M. (M.) relicta
Bergmans, 1980
aLC IUCN Decrease Coast of Tanzania and southern Kenya in East Africa
Little collared fruit bat M. (M.) torquata
Dobson, 1878
Synonyms:[32]
aLC IUCN Steady Gulf of Guinea coast and the Congo A reddish-brown bat with dark brown wings
Sierra Leone collared fruit bat M. (M.) leptodon[r]
Andersen, 1908
aLC IUCN Question? Northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea
Subgenus Phygetis Andersen, 1912
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
São Tomé collared fruit bat M. (P.) brachycephala
du Bocage, 1889
Synonyms:[32]
    • M. (P.) brachycephalus
      Seabra, 1898
    • M. (P.) collaris
      Andersen, 1907
dEN IUCN Decrease São Tomé island in the Gulf of Guinea off West Africa
Genus Lissonycteris Andersen, 1912 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Angolan rousette

Subspecies:[56]
L. angolensis
du Bocage, 1898
aLC IUCN Decrease Middle and Western Africa A brown bat with dark brown wings
Genus Megaloglossus Pagenstecher, 1885 – 2 species
Synonyms:[57]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Woermann's bat M. woermanni
Pagenstecher, 1885
Synonyms:[57]
aLC IUCN Steady Gulf of Guinea coast and the Congo
Azagnyi fruit bat M. azagnyi
Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin, 2012
aLC IUCN Question? Coasts of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Togo

Tribe Scotonycterini

[edit]
Tribe Scotonycterini 2 genera, 4 species
Genus Scotonycteris Matschie, 1894 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Zenker's fruit bat

Subspecies:[34]
S. zenkeri
Matschie, 1894
aLC IUCN Decrease Gulf of Guinea coast and the Congo A rufus-colored bat with dark brown wings
Genus Casinycteris Thomas, 1910 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Short-palated fruit bat C. argynnis
Thomas, 1910
aLC IUCN Question? The Congo
Campo-Ma'an fruit bat C. campomaanensis
Hassanin, 2014
hDD IUCN Question? Southern Cameroon
Pohle's fruit bat C. ophiodon[s]
Pohle, 1943
Synonyms:[34]
bNT IUCN Decrease Gulf of Guinea coast A brown bat with dark brown wings

Tribe Plerotini

[edit]
Tribe Plerotini 1 genus, 1 species
Genus Plerotes Andersen, 1910 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
D'Anchieta's fruit bat P. anchietae
Seabra, 1900
hDD IUCN Question? South-central Africa

Subfamily Cynopterinae

[edit]
Subfamily Cynopterinae – 15 genera, 28 species
Genus Sphaerias Miller, 1906 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Blanford's fruit bat S. blanfordi
Thomas, 1891
Synonyms:[34]
aLC IUCN Question? Scattered populations in northern Indochina, Nepal, and eastern India A bat skull with the jaw and skull separated
Genus Alionycteris Kock, 1969 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Mindanao pygmy fruit bat A. paucidentata
Kock, 1969
aLC IUCN Steady Northern Mindanao in the Philippines
Genus Cynopterus Cuvier, 1824 – 7 species
Synonyms:[58]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Lesser short-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[58]
    • C. b. brachyotis
      Müller, 1838
    • C. b. altitudinis
      Hill, 1961
    • C. b. brachysoma
      Gray, 1871
    • C. b. ceylonensis
      Gray, 1871
    • C. b. concolor
      Sody, 1940
    • C. b. hoffeti
      Bourret, 1944
    • C. b. insularum
      Andersen, 1908
    • C. b. javanicus
      Andersen, 1910
C. brachyotis
Müller, 1838
aLC IUCN Question? Southern India, Sri Lanka, coastal Indochina, and Borneo A bat in flight with brown shoulders and a light gray head
Horsfield's fruit bat

Subspecies:[58]
    • C. h. horsfieldii
      Gray, 1843
    • C. h. harpax
      Thomas and Wroughton, 1909
    • C. h. persimilis
      Andersen, 1912
    • C. h. princeps
      Miller, 1906
C. horsfieldii
Gray, 1843
aLC IUCN Question? Malay peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo
Peters's fruit bat C. luzoniensis
Peters, 1861
Synonyms:[59]
    • C. archipelagus
      Taylor, 1934
    • C. cumingii
      Gray, 1871
    • C. philippensis
      Gray, 1871
aLC IUCN Steady Philippines and Sulawesi
Minute fruit bat C. minutus
Miller, 1906
aLC IUCN Decrease Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Borneo A dark brown bat with a light brown nape
Nusatenggara short-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[59]
    • C. n. nusatenggara
      Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1991
    • C. n. sinagai
      Kitchener, 1996
    • C. n. wetarensis
      Kitchener, 1996
C. nusatenggara
Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1991
aLC IUCN Steady Lesser Sunda Sslands (east of Java) and Timor
Greater short-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[59]
    • C. s. sphinx
      Vahl, 1797
    • C. s. angulatus
      Miller, 1898
    • C. s. babi
      Lyon, 1916
    • C. s. pagensis
      Miller, 1906
    • C. s. scherzeri
      Zelebor, 1869
    • C. s. serasani
      Paradiso, 1971
C. sphinx
Vahl, 1797
aLC IUCN Increase India excluding the Great India Desert, Indochina excluding the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, western Java, southern Borneo, and southern Sulawesi
Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat

Subspecies:[60]
    • C. t. titthaecheilus
      Temminck, 1825
    • C. t. major
      Miller, 1906
    • C. t. terminus
      Sody, 1940
C. titthaecheilus
Temminck, 1825
aLC IUCN Steady Sumatra, Java, and Timor A black-brown bat with a light brown nape and shoulders, and dark brown eyes
Genus Haplonycteris Lawrence, 1939 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Fischer's pygmy fruit bat H. fischeri
Lawrence, 1939
aLC IUCN Question? Philippines A small bat with a light brown chest, a tan-brown head and back, and red fingers
Genus Latidens Thonglongya, 1972 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Salim Ali's fruit bat L. salimalii
Thonglongya, 1972
dEN IUCN Question? Southwestern tip of India
Genus Otopteropus Kock, 1969 – 1 species
Subspecies:[44]
    • Otopterus
      Sokolov, 1973
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Luzon fruit bat O. cartilagonodus
Kock, 1969
aLC IUCN Decrease Luzon in the Philippines
Genus Penthetor Andersen, 1912 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Dusky fruit bat P. lucasi
Dobson, 1878
aLC IUCN Decrease Malay peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo A bat specimen with dark brown wings and orange-brown fur
Genus Aethalops Thomas, 1923 – 2 species
Synonyms:[15]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Borneo fruit bat A. aequalis
Allen, 1938
aLC IUCN Question? Northwestern Borneo
Pygmy fruit bat

Subspecies:[61]
    • A. a. alecto
      Thomas, 1923
    • A. a. boeadii
      Kitchener, 1993
    • A. a. ocypete
      Boeadi and Hill, 1986
A. alecto
Thomas, 1923
aLC IUCN Question? Southern Malay peninsula, western coast of Sumatra, Java, and central Borneo
Genus Thoopterus Matschie, 1899 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Swift fruit bat T. nigrescens
Gray, 1870
Synonyms:[62]
aLC IUCN Question? Sulawesi A bat skull with the mouth open
Genus Hypsignathus Allen, 1861 – 1 species
Synonyms:[56]
    • Sphyrocephalus
      Murray, 1862
    • Zygaenocephalus
      Murray, 1862
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Hammer-headed bat H. monstrosus
Allen, 1861
Synonyms:[56]
    • H. labrosus
      Murray, 1862
    • H. macrocephalus
      Peters, 1876
aLC IUCN Question? Gulf of Guinea coast and the Congo A light brown bat with dark brown wings
Genus Ptenochirus Peters, 1861 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Greater musky fruit bat P. jagori
Peters, 1861
aLC IUCN Steady The Philippines A pencil drawing of a small bat with its mouth open, one wing closed, and the other wing open
Lesser musky fruit bat P. minor
Yoshiyuki, 1979
aLC IUCN Steady Southern Philippines
Genus Dyacopterus Andersen, 1912 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Dayak fruit bat D. spadiceus
Thomas, 1890
bNT IUCN Decrease western Malay peninsula, Sumatra excluding the eastern coast, northern Borneo, and the Philippines
Brooks's dyak fruit bat D. brooksi
Thomas, 1890
cVU IUCN Decrease Sumatra
Philippine large-headed fruit bat D. rickarti[t]
Helgen, Kock, Gomez and Ingle, 2007
iNE Luzon and Mindanao islands in the Philippines
Genus Chironax Andersen, 1908 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Black-capped fruit bat

Subspecies:[58]
    • C. m. melanocephalus
      Temminck, 1825
    • C. m. tumulus
      Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988
C. melanocephalus
Temminck, 1825
aLC IUCN Question? Southern Malay peninsula and isolated populations in northern and southern Sumatra, northern Java, Sulawesi, and eastern Borneo
Genus Megaerops Peters, 1865 – 4 species
Subspecies:[57]
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Tailless fruit bat M. ecaudatus
Temminck, 1837
aLC IUCN Question? Borneo, western Sumatra, Malay peninsula, and northeastern India Pencil illustration of a bat with its wings outstretched
Javan tailless fruit bat M. kusnotoi
Hill & Boeadi, 1978
cVU IUCN Decrease Western and eastern Java
Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat M. niphanae
Yenbutra & Felten, 1983
aLC IUCN Question? Indochina excluding the Malay peninsula, and northeastern India
White-collared fruit bat

Subspecies:[57]
M. wetmorei
Taylor, 1934
cVU IUCN Decrease Southwestern Malay peninsula, central Sumatra, northern Borneo, and Mindanao in the Philippines
Genus Balionycteris Matschie, 1899 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Spotted-winged fruit bat

Subspecies:[61]
B. maculata
Matschie, 1899
aLC IUCN Question? Northern Borneo, southern Malay peninsula, and central Sumatra A lightly colored brown bat perched upside down, with light brown eyes, and gray wings with white spots

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Possibly extinct in the wild, last sighted in 1992[16]
  2. ^ Considered synonymous with Pteropus alecto by the IUCN and ITIS, but considered valid by Mammal Species of the World[15]
  3. ^ P. argentatus is a junior synonym[17]
  4. ^ Not evaluated by the IUCN but considered valid by ITIS.[22] Also referred to as Pteropus pelagicus[23]
  5. ^ Possibly extinct in the wild, last sighted before 1930[16]
  6. ^ Considered valid by ITIS[29]
  7. ^ This species is probably extinct.
  8. ^ Considered valid by ITIS[30]
  9. ^ This species is probably extinct.
  10. ^ Sometimes considered synonymous with Pteralopex anceps
  11. ^ Possibly extinct in the wild, last sighted in 1991[16]
  12. ^ Formerly a separate species Melonycteris aurantius (the orange fruit bat) until 1966[36]
  13. ^ Placed in the genus Pteralopex by Mammal Species of the World[37]
  14. ^ Considered as Pteropus leucopterus by the IUCN, but as Desmalopex leucopterus by ITIS[38]
  15. ^ Considered valid by ITIS[39]
  16. ^ May be synonymous with Nyctimene albiventer
  17. ^ Listed as a subspecies of Dobsonia moluccensis by the IUCN, but considered valid by ITIS[52]
  18. ^ May be synonymous with Myonycteris (Myonycteris) torquata
  19. ^ Considered to be in the genus Scotonycteris by the IUCN
  20. ^ Not considered valid by the IUCN, but considered valid by ITIS[63]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Eick, G. N.; Jacobs, D. S.; Matthee, C. A. (2005). "A Nuclear DNA Phylogenetic Perspective on the Evolution of Echolocation and Historical Biogeography of Extant Bats (Chiroptera)". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (9): 1869–1886. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi180. PMID 15930153.
  2. ^ a b Tsagkogeorga, G.; Parker, J.; Stupka, E.; Cotton, J. A.; Rossiter, S. J. (2013). "Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats". Current Biology. 23 (22): 2262–2267. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.014. PMID 24184098.
  3. ^ Simmons, Nancy B.; Seymour, Kevin L.; Habersetzer, Jörg; Gunnell, Gregg F. (2008). "Primitive Early Eocene bat from Wyoming and the evolution of flight and echolocation" (PDF). Nature. 451 (7180): 818–21. Bibcode:2008Natur.451..818S. doi:10.1038/nature06549. hdl:2027.42/62816. PMID 18270539. S2CID 4356708.
  4. ^ Simmons, N. B.; Seymour, K. L.; Habersetzer, J.; Gunnell, G. F. (2008). "Primitive Early Eocene bat from Wyoming and the evolution of flight and echolocation" (PDF). Nature. 451 (7180): 818–821. Bibcode:2008Natur.451..818S. doi:10.1038/nature06549. hdl:2027.42/62816. PMID 18270539. S2CID 4356708.
  5. ^ Pettigrew, J. D.; Maseko, B. C.; Manger, P.R. (2008). "Primate-like retinotectal decussation in an echolocating megabat, Rousettus aegyptiacus". Neuroscience. 153 (1): 226–31. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.02.019. PMID 18367343. S2CID 30649196.
  6. ^ a b MSW3, p. 313.
  7. ^ Almeida, F. C.; Giannini, N. P.; Simmons, N. B. (2016). "The Evolutionary History of the African Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)". Acta Chiropterologica. 18 (1): 73–90. doi:10.3161/15081109ACC2016.18.1.003. hdl:11336/12847. S2CID 89415407.
  8. ^ B, J. J.; Alvarez, Y.; Tabarés, E.; Garrido-Pertierra, A.; Ibáñez, C.; Bautista, J. M. (1999). "Phylogeography of African fruitbats (Megachiroptera)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 3 (13): 596–604. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0669. PMID 10620416.
  9. ^ Almeida, Francisca C.; Giannini, Norberto P.; DeSalle, Rob; Simmons, Nancy B. (2011). "Evolutionary relationships of the old world fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae): Another star phylogeny?". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (281): 281. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-281. PMC 3199269. PMID 21961908.
  10. ^ a b MSW3, p. 334.
  11. ^ a b c d e MSW3, p. 344.
  12. ^ a b c MSW3, p. 340.
  13. ^ a b c d MSW3, p. 345.
  14. ^ MSW3, p. 336.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h MSW3, p. 335.
  16. ^ a b c "Possibly Extinct and Possibly Extinct in the Wild Species" (PDF). IUCN Red List. 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  17. ^ "Pteropus argentatus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  18. ^ MSW3, p. 337.
  19. ^ MSW3, pp. 337–338.
  20. ^ a b MSW3, p. 338
  21. ^ a b c MSW3, p. 338.
  22. ^ "Pteropus insularis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  23. ^ Buden, D. W.; Helgen, K. M.; Wiles, G. J. (2013). "Taxonomy, distribution, and natural history of flying foxes (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) in the Mortlock Islands and Chuuk State, Caroline Islands". ZooKeys (345): 97–135. doi:10.3897/zookeys.345.5840. PMC 3817444. PMID 24194666.
  24. ^ MSW3, pp. 340–341.
  25. ^ a b c d MSW3, p. 341.
  26. ^ a b c MSW3, p. 342.
  27. ^ a b MSW3, p. 343.
  28. ^ a b MSW3, p. 346.
  29. ^ "Pteropus allenorum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  30. ^ "Pteropus coxi". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  31. ^ a b c d e MSW3, p. 314.
  32. ^ a b c d MSW3, p. 328.
  33. ^ a b c MSW3, p. 325.
  34. ^ a b c d MSW3, p. 349.
  35. ^ a b c MSW3, p. 327.
  36. ^ "Melonycteris aurantius". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  37. ^ MSW3, p. 333.
  38. ^ "Desmalopex leucopterus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  39. ^ "Desmalopex microleucopterus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
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  41. ^ MSW3, p. 330.
  42. ^ MSW3, pp. 330–331.
  43. ^ a b MSW3, p. 331.
  44. ^ a b c MSW3, p. 332.
  45. ^ a b MSW3, p. 318.
  46. ^ MSW3, pp. 346–347.
  47. ^ a b c d MSW3, p. 347.
  48. ^ MSW3, p. 348.
  49. ^ a b MSW3, p. 321.
  50. ^ MSW3, p. 320.
  51. ^ a b c MSW3, p. 319.
  52. ^ "Dobsonia magna". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  53. ^ MSW3, p. 322.
  54. ^ MSW3, pp. 322–323.
  55. ^ MSW3, p. 323.
  56. ^ a b c d e f MSW3, p. 324.
  57. ^ a b c d MSW3, p. 326.
  58. ^ a b c d MSW3, p. 316.
  59. ^ a b c MSW3, p. 317.
  60. ^ MSW3, pp. 317–318.
  61. ^ a b MSW3, p. 315.
  62. ^ MSW3, p. 350.
  63. ^ "Dyacopterus rickarti". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 12 September 2017.

References

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