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List of countries by future gross government debt

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This is a list of countries by estimated future gross[clarification needed] central government debt based on data released in October 2020 by the International Monetary Fund, with figures in percentage of national GDP.

Projected debt estimates

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Gross government debt (sortable; in percent of GDP)
Country 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
 Afghanistan 7.998 7.384 6.130 7.848 8.906 9.423 9.910 10.374 10.879
 Albania 71.895 69.509 67.748 83.288 83.201 77.099 74.801 71.915 69.149
 Algeria 16.693 17.964 18.288 18.109 17.256 16.888 16.314 15.940 15.754
 Angola 69.265 89.000 109.210 120.290 107.526 93.772 83.692 74.324 67.237
 Antigua and Barbuda 92.322 90.718 84.468 113.687 112.659 102.007 92.089 86.103 80.340
 Argentina 57.028 86.431 90.382 96.693 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
 Armenia 53.704 51.233 49.945 60.710 61.751 60.560 59.199 57.574 56.061
 Aruba 86.741 83.412 81.286 127.142 120.295 117.528 117.821 117.283 115.729
 Australia 41.076 41.664 46.277 60.411 70.198 74.392 74.972 73.603 70.902
 Austria 78.405 73.964 70.347 84.757 84.281 82.442 81.115 79.313 76.966
 Azerbaijan 22.509 18.685 17.703 20.113 20.036 21.422 23.642 23.576 26.211
Baha The Bahamas 53.014 60.955 58.841 68.709 81.959 80.183 78.496 76.383 74.872
 Bahrain 88.138 95.018 103.363 128.282 130.581 132.871 134.797 136.262 137.132
 Bangladesh 33.376 34.561 35.819 39.619 41.915 42.290 42.386 41.862 41.311
 Barbados 158.264 125.585 122.222 134.094 124.526 117.242 111.337 105.678 100.112
 Belarus 53.160 47.515 41.863 50.896 48.584 48.174 45.211 44.340 42.981
 Belgium 101.765 99.898 98.748 117.696 117.068 118.340 119.598 121.248 123.024
 Belize 104.397 101.458 105.081 134.609 132.268 129.574 129.109 128.154 127.046
 Benin 39.598 41.080 41.230 41.786 41.365 39.870 38.371 36.777 35.189
 Bhutan 111.724 110.469 104.405 121.263 125.713 121.030 114.527 104.318 97.524
 Bolivia 51.260 53.850 59.000 69.447 68.313 67.570 66.906 66.585 65.992
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 39.240 34.271 32.804 38.869 40.399 40.113 40.417 39.096 37.309
 Botswana 13.397 14.197 15.101 20.571 24.002 25.916 27.916 30.118 31.465
 Brazil 83.659 87.071 89.471 101.399 102.764 103.473 103.766 104.210 104.409
 Brunei 2.826 2.586 2.575 3.208 2.880 2.723 2.629 2.557 2.493
 Bulgaria 23.003 20.116 18.576 24.070 23.683 22.226 21.015 19.941 18.939
 Burkina Faso 33.498 37.654 42.672 46.616 48.062 48.423 48.270 47.690 47.142
 Burundi 44.720 50.506 57.371 65.033 68.927 70.702 71.903 71.972 71.027
 Cabo Verde 127.218 125.592 124.981 136.789 137.577 136.272 129.852 122.962 115.437
 Cambodia 29.995 28.638 28.613 31.472 31.441 32.110 33.355 35.121 36.855
 Cameroon 37.679 39.474 42.669 44.727 44.968 44.898 44.085 42.832 41.386
 Canada 90.548 89.747 88.619 114.648 114.972 114.671 112.831 110.017 106.240
 Central African Republic 50.275 50.031 47.177 46.574 44.029 40.992 38.868 37.144 35.865
 Chad 50.268 49.055 44.286 46.371 44.352 41.873 39.147 37.830 35.104
 Chile 23.598 25.558 27.907 32.806 37.510 41.745 44.893 47.738 47.981
 China 46.358 48.796 52.629 61.702 66.530 71.200 74.599 76.8341 78.068
 Colombia 49.436 53.685 52.285 68.231 68.065 67.325 65.472 62.343 59.524
 Comoros 18.445 21.053 25.237 30.424 32.406 32.941 33.435 33.833 33.940
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 19.053 15.298 14.750 16.140 13.420 11.276 9.270 7.693 6.259
 Republic of the Congo 94.224 98.465 83.672 104.518 98.419 90.367 81.848 70.270 63.729
 Costa Rica 48.336 53.078 58.380 70.052 74.763 76.758 77.165 76.306 74.163
 Croatia 77.756 74.717 73.236 87.670 85.459 82.711 80.273 77.969 75.970
 Cyprus 93.884 100.561 95.507 118.402 112.418 105.063 101.037 93.873 85.713
 Czech Republic 34.236 32.071 30.246 39.133 41.390 42.507 42.792 42.446 41.858
 Côte d'Ivoire 36.854 39.662 37.888 41.732 42.614 42.401 42.183 41.894 42.113
 Denmark 35.820 34.214 29.393 34.544 39.287 42.556 44.451 45.278 45.883
 Djibouti 48.184 46.508 38.474 40.556 41.726 40.839 40.033 39.521 38.916
 Dominica 83.806 78.822 85.718 90.758 88.986 84.354 80.520 76.019 71.001
 Dominican Republic 49.163 50.661 53.758 68.771 68.203 66.762 65.006 63.349 61.674
 Ecuador 44.617 46.139 51.825 68.921 67.438 65.781 62.280 59.950 56.058
 Egypt 103.161 92.652 83.800 86.590 90.598 87.801 84.441 80.814 77.018
 El Salvador 67.184 68.000 69.402 88.987 92.538 95.584 98.916 102.771 106.800
 Equatorial Guinea 36.235 39.151 41.063 51.174 48.223 49.384 48.484 47.493 46.134
 Eritrea 202.536 185.607 189.351 185.790 173.471 165.657 157.733 149.848 142.185
 Estonia 9.124 8.296 8.396 18.687 22.378 25.560 28.047 30.330 31.890
 Eswatini (Swaziland) 25.115 33.836 38.049 47.926 49.902 52.134 52.556 51.996 51.389
 Ethiopia 57.723 61.106 57.603 56.072 58.511 56.925 53.914 48.604 43.306
European Union Eurozone 87.619 85.734 83.984 101.142 99.975 98.366 96.954 95.574 94.265
 European Union 83.283 81.293 79.205 95.347 94.607 93.200 91.850 90.506 89.255
 Fiji 43.745 46.155 48.996 83.789 83.329 79.528 76.893 74.533 73.449
 Finland 61.267 59.626 59.011 67.912 68.590 69.120 69.765 70.278 70.540
 France 98.318 98.060 98.120 118.738 118.573 119.959 121.271 122.270 123.307
 Gabon 62.886 60.914 62.401 73.857 70.525 65.197 59.855 54.767 48.980
Ga The Gambia 87.008 84.611 80.010 83.102 77.006 73.908 67.793 61.942 57.003
 Georgia 40.760 39.952 42.641 58.655 58.779 56.381 54.611 53.112 52.034
 Germany 64.993 61.630 59.525 73.278 72.206 68.492 65.526 62.571 59.549
 Ghana 58.306 59.129 62.763 76.668 74.653 74.637 72.393 71.860 71.330
 Greece 179.275 184.759 180.915 205.249 200.533 187.331 176.990 169.749 165.910
 Grenada 70.109 64.358 59.079 71.496 73.497 70.199 64.236 57.122 50.343
 Guatemala 25.091 26.490 26.591 32.229 33.894 35.034 35.600 35.666 35.458
 Guinea 40.483 37.956 34.498 44.883 45.919 44.314 42.916 41.971 40.958
 Guinea-Bissau 50.734 60.184 67.616 79.810 79.037 77.816 75.317 72.691 70.040
 Guyana 38.909 43.114 39.792 36.981 34.843 27.658 21.971 21.100 20.488
 Haiti 37.970 39.659 47.686 54.363 52.442 48.906 46.315 44.775 43.840
 Honduras 38.912 40.083 40.287 45.957 50.419 52.366 53.852 53.710 51.090
 Hong Kong 0.055 0.052 0.269 0.290 0.272 0.255 0.242 0.000 0.000
 Hungary 72.903 70.233 66.344 77.420 75.869 73.219 69.836 66.449 63.470
 Iceland 43.246 37.376 36.997 51.732 52.529 52.747 52.868 52.514 53.096
 India 69.423 69.575 72.344 89.330 89.856 89.517 89.022 88.552 88.155
 Indonesia 29.396 30.069 30.490 38.477 41.828 43.181 43.261 43.168 43.068
 Iran 38.187 40.327 44.743 45.367 40.435 39.210 38.641 38.502 38.350
 Iraq 58.887 48.885 46.904 68.265 74.981 81.685 84.842 88.307 90.834
 Ireland 67.411 62.915 57.331 63.676 61.254 59.227 55.804 52.512 49.239
 Israel 60.607 60.877 59.979 76.521 80.002 81.420 82.239 82.647 82.683
 Italy 134.145 134.808 134.804 161.849 158.305 156.569 154.874 153.830 152.568
 Jamaica 101.292 94.405 93.861 101.334 92.432 84.277 77.427 72.159 67.323
 Japan 234.462 236.568 237.955 266.176 263.968 263.045 262.785 263.016 263.985
 Jordan 76.022 75.061 78.015 88.382 88.839 88.019 86.123 82.749 79.885
 Kazakhstan 19.869 20.259 19.944 23.441 24.108 25.340 26.241 28.019 29.770
 Kenya 56.881 60.235 62.099 66.389 70.463 73.329 76.262 77.745 78.625
 Kiribati 21.423 19.708 18.344 17.722 24.952 31.521 37.600 43.223 48.452
 Kosovo 16.232 16.953 17.529 23.379 25.853 27.998 29.613 31.152 32.567
 Kuwait 20.485 14.838 11.771 19.255 36.570 49.341 65.225 78.422 89.925
 Kyrgyzstan 58.786 54.818 54.144 68.082 66.785 64.055 61.243 59.684 58.638
 Laos 57.198 59.650 62.643 70.937 70.659 70.617 70.037 68.848 67.443
 Latvia 40.327 36.509 36.756 44.063 45.024 42.998 40.853 39.619 38.503
 Lebanon 149.668 154.907 174.482 171.666 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
 Lesotho 38.005 46.521 46.460 47.168 45.776 43.795 41.893 40.560 39.032
 Liberia 33.901 39.419 53.274 61.750 63.555 64.188 63.178 61.640 60.294
 Libya n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
 Lithuania 39.344 34.078 37.665 48.252 47.682 44.928 42.249 40.001 37.636
 Luxembourg 22.348 20.996 22.056 26.906 27.485 28.321 28.370 28.416 28.42
 Macau 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
 Madagascar 40.031 39.894 38.422 44.171 44.961 47.046 48.758 50.014 50.966
 Malawi 61.488 63.117 63.431 70.663 75.072 74.942 73.420 72.786 71.341
 Malaysia 54.395 55.543 57.243 67.581 66.025 65.043 64.123 63.008 61.996
 Maldives 61.299 71.254 77.987 118.318 119.178 116.667 113.914 110.033 106.509
 Mali 35.985 37.718 40.464 44.797 46.241 46.195 46.553 46.449 46.236
 Malta 48.793 45.185 42.570 56.697 57.083 55.424 54.554 53.092 51.385
 Marshall Islands 26.635 24.547 22.626 27.433 24.730 24.318 24.946 28.663 32.298
 Mauritania 55.100 61.389 58.115 65.565 65.909 64.659 61.764 58.877 56.932
 Mauritius 64.340 66.223 82.804 85.653 84.165 83.749 85.782 88.311 85.258
 Mexico 53.963 53.606 53.749 65.541 65.599 65.406 65.164 65.023 64.905
 Micronesia 21.923 18.761 16.998 16.495 14.978 13.673 12.424 15.799 19.046
 Moldova 34.300 31.640 28.378 37.847 39.238 40.425 40.717 39.848 38.917
 Montenegro 66.207 71.885 79.343 90.848 88.145 86.110 84.187 82.239 80.201
 Morocco 65.109 75.177 80.500 91.100 95.073 101.961 102.893 100.832 98.856
 Mozambique 102.443 106.246 104.378 121.331 123.511 123.351 116.803 104.885 92.081
 Myanmar 38.470 40.415 38.844 42.375 45.211 46.959 48.411 49.673 50.549
 Namibia 43.507 49.811 54.660 67.615 68.166 72.679 74.539 75.648 76.476
 Nauru 76.689 74.316 61.992 59.739 57.298 55.502 54.105 65.965 78.821
   Nepal 26.087 30.238 30.069 39.220 43.700 45.039 46.284 47.353 48.229
 Netherlands 56.913 52.391 48.384 59.319 61.140 61.011 60.113 58.596 56.391
 New Zealand 31.267 28.518 31.542 48.023 60.217 65.564 68.018 68.510 66.903
 Nicaragua 34.080 37.550 42.139 48.255 50.259 50.474 51.249 53.366 55.501
 Niger 39.530 38.939 41.726 48.350 48.645 45.491 43.023 42.201 41.625
 Nigeria 25.340 27.657 29.142 34.978 35.509 36.231 36.538 36.977 37.449
 North Macedonia 39.383 40.599 40.166 50.254 50.526 50.620 50.810 51.075 51.506
 Norway 38.636 39.915 41.250 40.000 40.000 40.000 40.000 40.000 40.000
 Oman 46.416 53.168 63.056 81.529 88.651 86.677 90.833 95.278 99.074
 Pakistan 67.060 72.077 85.555 87.203 85.965 82.112 78.304 73.639 69.263
 Panama 34.784 36.777 41.037 54.951 60.139 60.644 58.942 57.320 55.286
 Papua New Guinea 32.484 36.782 40.059 46.702 47.738 49.160 47.776 47.727 45.690
 Paraguay 19.841 22.243 26.107 35.453 35.697 35.247 34.429 33.919 33.357
 Peru 25.413 26.164 27.122 39.482 39.131 39.681 39.394 38.803 37.796
 Philippines 38.108 37.134 36.969 48.858 52.512 54.970 56.963 58.412 59.333
 Poland 50.626 48.843 45.969 60.001 60.179 59.239 59.341 59.865 60.893
 Portugal 126.143 122.004 117.737 137.240 130.047 124.059 119.607 117.789 115.895
 Puerto Rico 51.628 54.647 56.206 64.806 65.271 65.569 66.307 66.971 67.502
 Qatar 51.552 46.543 56.182 68.059 60.578 54.031 48.031 43.008 37.955
 Romania 36.811 36.427 36.761 44.833 49.591 54.382 58.475 62.196 65.351
 Russia 14.311 13.520 13.915 18.942 18.982 18.528 18.201 18.048 17.915
 Rwanda 41.317 44.991 51.361 61.604 69.387 69.548 67.571 67.015 66.872
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 59.413 57.212 56.220 69.069 63.943 58.402 54.119 53.179 52.216
 Saint Lucia 59.869 59.979 61.321 85.096 87.702 88.650 86.511 85.696 84.545
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 73.501 75.642 75.196 87.927 89.694 90.831 90.802 89.239 86.809
 Samoa 49.655 52.894 47.525 55.606 65.339 70.368 73.502 73.333 73.227
 San Marino 76.641 78.769 85.708 97.408 95.173 94.517 94.117 94.846 95.321
 São Tomé and Príncipe 85.839 83.079 73.069 73.637 66.710 62.639 58.756 55.056 51.84
 Saudi Arabia 17.160 18.980 22.790 33.418 34.349 34.088 32.970 34.409 35.546
 Senegal 61.139 63.198 64.051 65.405 65.424 64.621 60.361 58.290 57.473
 Serbia 58.727 54.452 52.836 59.546 56.965 53.105 50.242 47.591 45.040
 Seychelles 62.275 57.682 55.260 88.562 84.984 80.337 73.030 67.290 61.361
 Sierra Leone 69.155 69.089 70.049 77.366 78.483 76.434 73.384 70.194 67.296
 Singapore 108.403 110.447 130.023 131.186 132.353 133.519 134.701 135.898 137.112
 Slovakia 51.312 49.463 48.000 61.792 60.625 58.989 56.923 55.623 55.178
 Slovenia 74.122 70.425 66.130 80.956 78.005 77.309 75.466 73.862 72.747
 Solomon Islands 8.386 8.199 8.913 15.346 18.785 21.375 23.753 25.738 27.830
 South Africa 53.022 56.710 62.151 78.821 82.758 85.679 87.275 86.921 85.174
 South Korea 40.050 40.022 41.924 48.410 52.241 55.801 59.254 62.268 64.960
 South Sudan 65.209 48.189 65.427 71.737 56.748 47.498 40.742 36.951 35.333
 Spain 98.556 97.601 95.466 123.038 121.310 120.375 119.308 118.120 118.813
 Sri Lanka 77.902 83.769 86.781 98.255 98.295 97.807 97.683 97.253 96.550
 Sudan 159.180 186.708 201.578 259.385 250.713 221.157 210.023 204.861 198.865
 Suriname 77.986 75.563 82.295 145.268 107.704 110.882 112.157 116.466 120.489
 Sweden 40.696 38.803 34.826 41.863 41.720 41.429 39.541 37.766 36.035
  Switzerland 42.703 40.956 42.138 48.749 48.476 47.945 47.333 46.242 45.279
 Syria n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
 Taiwan 34.514 33.978 32.769 35.602 35.611 34.569 32.967 31.189 29.330
 Tajikistan 50.293 47.819 43.087 47.768 48.860 48.454 48.344 48.242 47.963
 Tanzania 37.671 38.699 38.220 38.507 39.248 38.959 38.258 37.396 36.814
 Thailand 41.782 41.957 41.095 50.448 56.371 56.096 56.859 56.937 56.866
 Togo 75.952 76.152 70.854 73.458 71.108 68.887 65.571 62.229 59.212
 Trinidad and Tobago 42.502 42.164 45.116 57.460 64.286 67.575 71.231 75.164 78.925
 Tunisia 70.595 78.176 72.333 84.765 86.201 88.193 87.639 83.570 78.025
 Turkey 28.027 30.173 32.986 41.666 45.517 47.342 48.055 49.332 50.379
 Turkmenistan 30.592 31.366 32.783 30.911 26.681 25.857 29.794 32.362 33.322
 Tuvalu 34.564 25.258 19.524 16.002 7.902 4.553 3.878 3.477 3.111
 Uganda 33.800 35.122 38.229 46.048 50.933 54.865 57.314 57.785 55.372
 Ukraine 71.620 60.551 50.055 65.692 64.301 61.838 58.191 54.985 52.140
 United Arab Emirates 21.623 20.906 27.272 36.929 38.195 39.551 39.648 39.347 38.802
 United Kingdom 86.245 85.724 85.352 108.026 111.522 113.437 115.265 116.388 116.970
 United States 105.746 106.890 108.679 131.177 133.640 134.496 135.171 135.991 136.888
 Uruguay 60.986 63.401 65.911 69.496 69.025 69.185 69.441 69.841 69.531
 Uzbekistan 20.226 20.433 29.316 36.131 40.115 40.197 40.166 39.344 38.786
 Vanuatu 46.360 48.083 45.342 47.688 50.863 52.883 54.075 55.636 57.143
 Venezuela 26.004 180.789 232.786 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
 Vietnam 46.309 43.580 43.365 46.623 47.104 47.179 46.907 46.381 45.644
 Yemen 77.426 74.544 76.527 81.651 79.330 78.375 71.932 65.499 60.356
 Zambia 65.523 77.243 91.898 119.974 119.567 116.462 112.258 107.743 102.683
 Zimbabwe 52.866 37.343 10.806 2.358 2.226 2.202 2.148 2.060 1.975

See also

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Sources

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