Jump to content

List of presidents of the National Rifle Association

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from John C. Sigler)

President of the National Rifle Association of America
Incumbent
Bob Barr
since 2024
Term length1 year
Inaugural holderAmbrose Burnside
FormationNovember 17, 1871
SalaryUnpaid

The position of president of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) is a symbolic figurehead role,[1][2] which dates back to the organization's foundation in New York on November 17, 1871.[3] Founded by George Wood Wingate and William Conant Church, two Union veterans dismayed by the lack of shooting skills among recruits,[4] the rifle association voted to have Union general Ambrose Burnside as its first president.[5] Church succeeded Burnside as the second president of the organization,[6] and Wingate became the tenth in 1886.[7] Traditionally, the first vice president is elevated to president when the position becomes open while the second vice president is similarly promoted,[8][9] but this practice has not always been followed.[10]

Throughout its history, presidents have served purposes and effects including providing the NRA greater legitimacy;[7][11] holders of the office have also intentionally provoked outrage and condemnation.[3][12] Since the 1990s, some NRA presidents have made controversial statements such as when James W. Porter II referred to Barack Obama, whose administration he perceived as hostile to gun rights,[13] as a "fake president" and when Charlton Heston proclaimed to gun control advocates that they could only have his firearm after taking it "from my cold, dead hands."[3][14]

While once elected at the annual convention,[15] as of 2020, NRA presidents are chosen by the board of directors.[1][16] They generally serve out two one-year terms.[17] However, the NRA board of directors amended the organization's bylaws to make a personalized exception for actor Charlton Heston to allow him to serve out a unique five-year term.[10] Under said bylaws, the position of president is unpaid.[18] During Oliver North's time in office he sought to make the position a paid one, but this initiative failed when he was ousted as president after a power struggle with executive vice president Wayne LaPierre.[19] Some presidents have been employed by the NRA after leaving office.[20] Marion Hammer was the association's first female president and went on to be executive director of the group's Florida affiliate.[21][22] The executive vice president acts as the group's chief operating officer. Wayne LaPierre held this post between 1991 and 2024,[23][24] despite several internal challenges to his role.[25][26]

There have been 65 NRA presidents, serving 67 distinct tenures as both Smith W. Brookhart and Carolyn D. Meadows have served two nonconsecutive times in the office. Others who have held the position include former United States president Ulysses S. Grant, lobbyist Harlon Carter, American Football League commissioner Joe Foss, and conservative activist David Keene. The current president as of 2021 is Charles Cotton. In April 2023, the NRA Board of Directors voted to amend the bylaws allowing Cotton to serve a third term.[27]

Presidents of the National Rifle Association

[edit]
Ambrose Burnside in a chair
Post-Civil war photograph of Ambrose Burnside of Rhode Island
colored painting of President Ulysses S. Grant
Presidential Portrait of Ulysses S. Grant (1875)
Black and white photograph of Merritt A. Edson in uniform
Retired Marine officer "Red Mike" Edson (c. 1936)
Photograph of Charlton Heston in a suit addressing guests
Actor Charlton Heston at an American Film Institute gala (1981)
Oliver North speaking from notes behind a red background at a blue podium
Oliver North speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference (2015)
Carolyn Meadows speaking at a convention
Former president Carolyn Meadows served two nonconsecutive terms
List of presidents
No. Name Tenure Background Ref.
1 Ambrose Burnside 1871–1872 Union general [5]
2 William Conant Church 1872–1875 Journalist [28][29]
3 Alexander Shaler 1875–1877 Union general [30][31]
4 N. P. Stanton 1877–1880 Judge [31][32][33]
5 Henry Alger Gildersleeve 1880 Judge [33][34]
6 Winfield S. Hancock 1880–1881 Democratic presidential nominee in 1880 [35][36][37]
7 E. L. Molineux 1882 Union Colonel [34][38]
8 Ulysses S. Grant 1883–1884 18th President of the United States [34]
9 Philip Sheridan 1885 Union general [34]
10 George Wood Wingate 1886–1900 Union soldier [7][11]
11 Bird W. Spencer 1900–1907 Brigadier general [11][39]
12 James Drain 1907–1916 Washington adjutant general [39][40]
13 William Libbey 1916–1921 Sports shooter [41][42]
14 Smith W. Brookhart 1921–1925 U.S. Senator from Iowa [43][44]
15 Francis E. Warren 1925[a] U.S. Senator from Wyoming [46][45]
16 Smith W. Brookhart 1925–1926 U.S. Senator from Iowa [47][48]
17 Fred M. Waterbury 1926–1927 Lieutenant colonel [49]
18 Lewis Miller Rumsey Jr. 1928 Lieutenant colonel [50][51]
19 Patrick J. Hurley 1929 Assistant Secretary of War [52]
20 Benedict Crowell 1930–1931 Brigadier general [53]
21 G. A. Fraser 1932 Brigadier general [53][54]
22 Karl T. Frederick 1934 Sports shooter [55]
23 Ammon B. Critchfield 1936 Ohio adjutant general [53][56][57]
24 Gustavus D. Pope 1937–1938 Humanitarian [53][58][59]
25 Littleton W. T. Waller Jr. 1939 Brigadier general [53][60]
26 Nathaniel C. Nash 1941 Botanist [53][61]
27 Hilliard Comstock 1942–1943 Judge [53][62]
28 Thurman Randle 1944–1946 Lieutenant colonel [53][63]
29 Francis W. Parker Jr. 1946–1947 Patent lawyer [53][64]
30 Emmett Swanson 1948–1949 Sports shooter [53][65]
31 Merritt A. Edson 1949–1950 Marine Corps general [53][65]
32 Harry D. Linn 1951–1952 Businessman [53][66]
33 J. Alvin Badeaux 1953–1954 Businessman [53][67][68]
34 Morton C. Mumma 1955 Rear admiral [53][69]
35 George R. Whittington 1957 Attorney [53][70]
36 Irvine C. Porter 1959–1961 Attorney [53][71][72]
37 John M. Schooley 1961–1963 Sheriff of Denver [53][73][74]
38 Bartlett Rummel 1963–1964 Judge [53][75]
39 Harlon Carter 1965–1967 Activist [53][76]
40 Harold W. Glassen 1967–1968 Sports shooter [53][77]
41 Woodson D. Scott 1969–1970 Attorney [78][79]
42 Fred M. Hakenjos 1971 Artist [53][80]
43 Clinton R. Gutermuth 1973–1974 Conservationist [53][81][82]
44 Merrill W. Wright 1975 Major general [53][71]
45 Lloyd M. Mustin 1977–1978 Vice admiral [15][83][84][85]
46 John B. Layton 1979 Chief of police of Washington, D.C. [53][86]
47 Keith M. Gaffaney 1981–1983 Police officer [53][87]
48 Howard W. Pollock 1983–1985 Alaskan congressman [53][88]
49 Alonzo H. Garcelon 1985 Dentist [53][71][89]
50 James E. Reinke 1985–1988 Eastern Airlines vice president [89][90][91][92]
51 Joe Foss 1988–1990 20th Governor of South Dakota [53][93]
52 Richard D. Riley 1990–1992 Activist [94][53][95]
53 Robert K. Corbin 1992–1993 Arizona Attorney General [53][96]
54 Thomas L. Washington 1994–1995 Conservationist [53][97]
55 Marion Hammer 1995–1998 Activist [22][98][99]
56 Charlton Heston 1998–2003 Actor [100]
57 Kayne Robinson 2003–2005 Des Moines chief of detectives [101][102]
58 Sandra Froman 2005–2007 Attorney [103][104]
59 John C. Sigler 2007–2009 Attorney [105][106]
60 Ron Schmeits 2009–2011 Mayor of Jordan, Minnesota [106][107]
61 David Keene 2011–2013 Activist [108]
62 James W. Porter II 2013–2015 Activist[b] [72][109]
63 Allan D. Cors 2015–2017 Sports shooter [101][110][111]
64 Pete Brownell 2017–2018 Businessman [101][112]
65 Carolyn D. Meadows 2018 Activist [113]
66 Oliver North 2018–2019 Political commentator [114]
67 Carolyn D. Meadows 2019–2021 Activist [113][115]
67 Charles Cotton 2021-2024 Activist [116]
68 Bob Barr since 2024 Attorney

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Resigned May 16, 1925, along with first Vice President Major General Fred C. Ainsworth. At the time, Fred M. Waterbury was second Vice President.[45]
  2. ^ Son of Irvine C. Porter[72]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Seelye, Katharine Q. (May 6, 1997). "Close Votes in N.R.A. Elections Quash Hope for Internal Unity". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  2. ^ Beckett, Lois (April 27, 2019). "NRA's Wayne LaPierre claims he's being pressured to resign". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  3. ^ a b c Graham, David A. (May 7, 2018). "The Logic of the NRA Choosing Ollie North as President". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  4. ^ Rothman, Lily (November 17, 2015). "The Original Reason the NRA Was Founded". Time. Archived from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Meeting of the National Rifle Association Election of Officers". New York Times. Vol. 21, no. 6297. November 25, 1871. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  6. ^ Bedard, Paul (April 14, 2018). "Rare Abraham Lincoln tie to the NRA shows up at auction". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  7. ^ a b c Marlin, Jeffrey A. (May 10, 2013). The National Guard, the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, and the National Rifle Association: Public Institutions and the Rise of a Lobby for Private Gun Ownership (PDF) (PhD thesis). Georgia State University. p. 118. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  8. ^ Smyth, Frank (March 31, 2020). "Eight. The Politburo". The NRA: the Unauthorized History (First ed.). New York: Flatiron Books. pp. 83–87. ISBN 978-1-250-21029-6. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  9. ^ Klass, Tim (May 6, 1997). "Heston wins office in contentious NRA". The Lewiston Tribune. Seattle. Associated Press. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  10. ^ a b Smyth, Frank (March 31, 2020). "Eight. The Politburo". The NRA: the Unauthorized History (First ed.). New York: Flatiron Books. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-250-21029-6. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c "Will Encourage Marksmen.; National Rifle Association's Plans to Stimulate Shooting and Arrange an International Contest". New York Times. December 18, 1900. p. 10. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  12. ^ Korte, Gregory (May 5, 2013). "New NRA leader says Obama seeks 'revenge' on gun owners". USA TODAY. Washington. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  13. ^ Phillip, Abby (May 3, 2013). "New NRA President Jim Porter Knocked 'Fake President' Obama". ABC News. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  14. ^ "Why is US gun lobby NRA so controversial?". BBC. January 8, 2016. Archived from the original on November 16, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  15. ^ a b "NRA chief vows renewed gun-control fight". The Billings Gazette. Cincinnati. May 25, 1977. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  16. ^ Willis, Jay (February 23, 2018). "Could the NRA Be Taken Over from the Inside?". GQ. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  17. ^ Pane, Lisa Marie (April 27, 2019). "North says he won't serve second term as president of NRA". WDTV. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  18. ^ Derysh, Igor (May 1, 2020). "Exclusive: NRA chief Wayne LaPierre's no good, very bad year, according to new court filings". Salon. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  19. ^ Hakim, Danny (April 29, 2019). "Wayne LaPierre Prevails in Fierce Battle for the N.R.A." The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  20. ^ Reinhard, Beth; Zezima, Katie; Hamburger, Tom; Leonnig, Carol D. (June 10, 2019). "NRA money flowed to board members amid allegedly lavish spending by top officials and vendors". OregonLive.com. Oregonian Media Group. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  21. ^ Reinhard, Beth; Hamburger, Tom (September 6, 2019). "NRA board member and former president Marion Hammer obtained low-interest loan from affiliate she leads". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  22. ^ a b Spies, Mike (February 23, 2018). "The N.R.A. Lobbyist Behind Florida's Pro-Gun Policies". The New Yorker. Condé Nast. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  23. ^ Maremont, Mark; Gershman, Jacob (January 5, 2024). "NRA Chief Wayne LaPierre to Step Down Ahead of Civil Corruption Trial". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
  24. ^ Luscombe, Richard (January 5, 2024). "Wayne LaPierre to step down as chief executive of National Rifle Association". The Guardian. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
  25. ^ Thomas, Pierre (February 10, 1997). "NRA's Lapierre Survives Internal Assault On Tenure". Washington Post. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  26. ^ Hakim, Danny (August 28, 2019). "How Wayne LaPierre Survived a Revolt at the N.R.A.". New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  27. ^ "NRA Reelects Charles Cotton as President, Wayne LaPierre as CEO/EVP at Indianapolis Board of Directors Meeting". Indianapolis: National Rifle Association of America. Archived from the original on April 17, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2024. In recognition of his extraordinary leadership these past two years, the NRA Board of Directors voted unanimously to amend its bylaws to allow Cotton to succeed himself for a third term.
  28. ^ "National Rifle Association". New York Times. Vol. 21, no. 6516. August 7, 1872. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  29. ^ "The National Rifle Association". New York Times. January 20, 1875. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  30. ^ "The International Rifle Match.; Special Meeting Of The National Rifle Association Favorable Reports On The Proposed Dramatic Entertainment". New York Times. March 28, 1875. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  31. ^ a b "National Rifle Association". New York Times. Vol. 26, no. 7902. January 10, 1877. p. 8. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  32. ^ "National Rifle Association". New York Times. Vol. 28, no. 8532. January 15, 1879. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  33. ^ a b "National Rifle Association". New York Times. Vol. 29, no. 8844. January 14, 1880. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  34. ^ a b c d Utter, Glenn H. (December 1, 2015). Guns and Contemporary Society: The Past, Present, and Future of Firearms and Firearm Policy [3 volumes]: The Past, Present, and Future of Firearms and Firearm Policy. ABC-CLIO. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-4408-3218-5. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  35. ^ Kopel, David; Gallant, Paul; Eisen, Joanne (July 2, 2004). "The Hero of Gettysburg: Winfield Scott Hancock's shot straight". National Review Online. Masters of Their Arms. Archived from the original on April 20, 2005. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  36. ^ "National Rifle Association.; The Programme For The Fall Meeting At Creedmoor". New York Times. Vol. 30, no. 9339. August 14, 1881. p. 12. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  37. ^ "NRA: Early Foundation And Development 1871–1907". Shooting Sports USA. National Rifle Association of America. May 14, 2020. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  38. ^ "Edward L. Molineux papers". Center for Brookyn History. New York University Libraries.
  39. ^ a b Marlin, Jeffrey A. (May 10, 2013). The National Guard, the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, and the National Rifle Association: Public Institutions and the Rise of a Lobby for Private Gun Ownership (PDF) (PhD thesis). Georgia State University. pp. 182–183. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  40. ^ Marlin, Jeffrey A. (May 10, 2013). The National Guard, the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, and the National Rifle Association: Public Institutions and the Rise of a Lobby for Private Gun Ownership (PDF) (PhD thesis). Georgia State University. p. 198. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  41. ^ Hardy, David (December 28, 2009). "Of Arms and the Law: A Rifleman in No Man's Land". Armsandthelaw.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  42. ^ Libbey, Rick (February 2006). "Colonel WILLIAM LIBBEY 6-4-8-2-4-5-1" (PDF). The Libby Family Newsletter. The John Libby Family Association. p. 6. OCLC 46697183. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  43. ^ "Brookhart is Re-elected.; Senator Named President of National Rifle Association". New York Times. Vol. 73, no. 24128. Washington. February 14, 1924. p. 11. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  44. ^ "Brookhart, Smith Wildman – Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  45. ^ a b "Rifle Association Torn By Dissension; General Ainsworth, Senator Warren and Major Waller Resign From National Organization". New York Times. May 17, 1925. p. 21. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  46. ^ Waterbury, Fred M., ed. (March 1925). "The N. R. A. Directors Annual Meeting" (PDF). New York National Guardsman. Vol. 1, no. 12. New York City: National Guard of the State of New York. p. 31. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2019 – via NY Military Museum and Veterans Research Center.
  47. ^ Hutchinson, William K. (September 1, 1925). "Hobbies of the Great and Near Great". Clarion-Ledger. Mississippi. p. 8. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ^ Chapple, Joe Mitchell (June 5, 1925). "Face to Face with Smith W. Brookhart". Brooklyn Daily Times. p. 6. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ^ Waterbury, Fred M., ed. (October 1926). "Annual Meeting of the N. R. A." (PDF). New York National Guardsman. Vol. 1, no. 12. New York City: National Guard of the State of New York. pp. 5 & 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2019 – via NY Military Museum and Veterans Research Center.
  50. ^ "Rifle Matches Open Today at Camp Perry, Ohio, Range". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Camp Perry, OH. August 27, 1928. p. 10. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ^ "Master Game Hunter and Rifle Authority to Talk in St. Louis". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. November 27, 1932. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ^ "Fort Bliss Soldier Gets Coveted Rifle Honor In Capital". El Paso Herald. September 18, 1929. p. 7. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Rodengen, Jeffrey L. (2002). Maysonet, Melody (ed.). NRA: An American legend. Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises. p. 276. ISBN 0-945903-81-2.
  54. ^ "Brig. Gen. G. A. Fraser Heads National Rifle Assn". Chicago Tribune. Washington, DC. AP. January 29, 1932. p. 5. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ Rosenwald, Michael S. (February 22, 2018). "The NRA once believed in gun control and had a leader who pushed for it". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  56. ^ Sandles, A. P.; Doty, Edward William; Scobey, Frank Edgar; McElroy, Burgess L., eds. (1898). The biographical annals of Ohio 1906-1907-1908: A handbook of the Government and Institutions of the State of Ohio. State of Ohio. p. 590. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  57. ^ "Camp Perry joint Training Center". Ohio National Guard. Ohio Adjutant General's Department. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  58. ^ "Pope Again Heads National Riflemen". Detroit Free Press. February 20, 1938. p. 43. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ^ "Gustavus D. Pope". The New York Times. Vol. 101, no. 34375. Washington. March 6, 1952. p. 32. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  60. ^ McClellan, Edwin North (2015). The United States Marine Corps in the World War. Government Printing Office. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-16-092782-9. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  61. ^ Howe, John K. (October 16, 1915). "Cambridge Tribune 16 October 1915". Cambridge Tribune. Vol. 38, no. 33. p. 4. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019 – via Cambridge Public Library.
  62. ^ "Judge Comstock Again Heads National Rifle Association". The Press Democrat. February 11, 1943. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ^ "50 Great Competitive Shooters of the 20th Century, Part 1". Shooting Sports USA. National Rifle Association of America. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  64. ^ "Rifle Asso. Head, Speaker". The Menasha Record. Menasha, WI. September 23, 1946. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ^ a b "50 Great Competitive Shooters of the 20th Century, Part 2". Shooting Sports USA. National Rifle Association of America. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  66. ^ "Linn Reelected National Rifle Group's President". The Tampa Tribune. Jacksonville, FL. August 21, 1952. p. 23. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ^ "Texas Shooter Wins Rifle Championship". The Shreveport Journal. July 19, 1954. p. 11. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  68. ^ "La. Gun Collectors Assn. Will Convene Here Today". The Times. Shreveport, LA. May 29, 1954. p. 6. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. ^ Potter, David S. (2002). Albert G. Mumma 1906–1997. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-08457-4. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  70. ^ Zediker, Glen (September 23, 2017). "NRA Whittington Center: A Prairie Paradise For Shooters". Shooting Sports USA. National Rifle Association of America. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  71. ^ a b c Oram International Group (June 23, 1976). A Fund-Raising Feasibility Study Conducted on Behalf of the National Rifle Association of America (PDF) (Report). pp. 53–55. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019 – via Firearmscoalition.org.
  72. ^ a b c Miller, Emily (May 1, 2013). "Miller: Meet new NRA president Jim Porter". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  73. ^ United States Congress Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (1960). Hawaii Omnibus Bill: Hearing, Eighty-sixth Congress, Second Session, April 29, 1960. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 107. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  74. ^ Fegely, Tom (January 6, 1987). "Howells Nominated For Nra Board Of Directors Sees Election To Board As Way To Smooth Relations With Police, Serve Sportsmen. Outdoor Ramblings". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  75. ^ "'Let Freedom Ring' Theme Selected by Rifle Group". Valley News. December 27, 1964. p. 6. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  76. ^ Lambert, Bruce (November 22, 1991). "Harlon B. Carter, Longtime Head Of Rifle Association, Dies at 78". The New York Times. p. 29. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  77. ^ "Firearms Shooting Skills Competition" (PDF). The Hal & Jean Glassen Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  78. ^ "NRA Re-Elects Woodson Scott". The Central New Jersey Home News. Washington. AP. April 10, 1970. p. 29. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  79. ^ "Woodson Scott Dies; Lawyer and Ex-Head of Rifle Association". The New York Times (Obituary). April 28, 1982. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  80. ^ Rocketto, Hap (February 28, 2019). "Depression and War: National Smallbore Outdoor Rifle Championship History". Shooting Sports USA. National Rifle Association of America. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  81. ^ "High Knob Clear Cutting Topic Of Sportsman Talk". Kingsport Times-News. Gate City. December 1, 1974. p. 33. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. ^ United States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary (1973). Black Powder (S. 1083)---1973: Hearing ..., 93-1, on S. 1083..., June 12, 1973. p. 109. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  83. ^ "Mustin, Lloyd M." Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from the original on December 31, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  84. ^ "Federal Aid for Rifle Practice". Washington Post. September 13, 1977. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  85. ^ "State Rifle Association To Meet on Saturday". Hartford Courant. Meriden, CT. November 28, 1978. p. 13. Archived from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  86. ^ Gailey, Phil; Thornton, Mary; Gay, Lance (June 12, 1981). "NRA United On Guns, Torn Internally". The Indianapolis News. p. 24. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  87. ^ "Keith Gaffaney Dies; LAPD Officer, Lobbyist". Los Angeles Times. October 24, 1985. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  88. ^ "Clipped From Hattiesburg American". Hattiesburg American. February 17, 1985. p. 30. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  89. ^ a b "Alonzo Garcelon, National Rifle Assn. President, 72". Los Angeles Times. Augusta, ME. Times Wire Service. November 9, 1985. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  90. ^ Feaver, Douglas B. (December 8, 1977). "Airline Shows Whisperliner Is Just That". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  91. ^ "N.R.A. Board Survives Move". New York Times. Reno. AP. April 27, 1987. p. 27. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  92. ^ Palko, Jerry (June 12, 1988). "Lead Shot Controversy Roars Again". The Times-Tribune. p. 63. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  93. ^ Goldstein, Richard (January 2, 2003). "Joe Foss, Ace, Dies at 87; Also Led Football League". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  94. ^ Achenbach, Joel; Higham, Scott; Horwitz, Sari (January 12, 2013). "How NRA's true believers converted a marksman group into a gun lobby". Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 6, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  95. ^ "Richard Riley". Manchester Union Leader (Obituary). Laconia, NH. December 2009. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019 – via Legacy.com.
  96. ^ Dean, Paul (May 18, 1994). "The Straight Shooter: Retiring NRA Chief Bob Corbin Led as He Lives: No Compromises and Never Surrender". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  97. ^ Thomas, Jr., Robert McG. (December 6, 1995). "Thomas L. Washington, 58, Head of Rifle Group". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  98. ^ Bragg, Rick (April 14, 1996). "Leader as Hard as Nails Is Taking Reins at N.R.A.". The New York Times. p. 14. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  99. ^ Menzel, Margie (October 9, 2013). "Q&A: An Interview With Florida Gun Lobbyist Marion Hammer". WLRN. News Service of Florida. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  100. ^ Berkvist, Robert (April 6, 2008). "Charlton Heston, Epic Film Star and Voice of N.R.A., Dies at 84". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  101. ^ a b c Aschbrenner, Joel (May 10, 2017). "Iowan Pete Brownell elected president of the NRA". Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  102. ^ "Kayne B. Robinson Appointed Executive Director of NRA's General Operations". NRA-ILA. Fairfax, VA. May 24, 2005. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  103. ^ Smyth, Frank (March 31, 2020). "Nine. The Business Model". The NRA: the Unauthorized History (First ed.). New York: Flatiron Books. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-1-250-21029-6. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  104. ^ Kerber, Ross (April 9, 2019). "Investor activists push gun-maker to distance itself from NRA positions, look at 'smart gun' technology". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Reuters. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  105. ^ "New NRA President Sworn in at 136th Annual Meeting John C. Sigler – Corporate attorney, Navy veteran and retired Police Captain". NRA-ILA. Fairfax, VA. April 27, 2007. Archived from the original on May 3, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  106. ^ a b "National Rifle Association Announces New Officers and Board Members". NRA-ILA. Archived from the original on May 29, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  107. ^ "NRA Names Arkansas Game & Fish Wildlife Officer Law Enforcement Officer of the Year". AmmoLand. Fairfax, VA. April 7, 2011. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  108. ^ Swan, Betsy (January 31, 2019). "NRA Heavyweight Wanted Access to Putin: Leaked Email". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  109. ^ Gross, Dan (March 6, 2015). "The Guy With the Guns Is Afraid?". HuffPost. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  110. ^ McGreal, Chris (December 14, 2015). "Inside the NRA: the officials keeping gun control laws off the US agenda". The Guardian. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  111. ^ Norell, James O.E. (September 17, 2015). "NRA's New President Allan D. Cors: A Culture of Freedom". American Rifleman. National Rifle Association of America. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  112. ^ Payne, Kate (May 7, 2018). "Some Grinnell Residents Relieved Pete Brownell Won't Seek Re-Election As NRA President". Iowa Public Radio. Archived from the original on March 13, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  113. ^ a b Buchanan, Christopher (May 2, 2019). "Stone Mountain Memorial chair named president of NRA". WXIA-TV. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  114. ^ Orr, Gabby (April 27, 2019). "NRA announces North's resignation onstage as 'crisis' hits gun lobby". POLITICO. Archived from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  115. ^ "Overcoming COVID Obstacles, NRA Holds 149th Annual Meeting Of Members In Tucson". America's 1st Freedom. National Rifle Association of America. December 29, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  116. ^ Rohrlich, Justin (October 6, 2021). "NRA Promotes Two Execs Who Spread Bonkers Conspiracies". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 27, 2022.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Rifle_Association&oldid=1237997104#59"