Comparative air force officer ranks of Asia
Rank comparison chart of air forces of Asian states.
Officers
[edit]| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
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No rank structure
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 Armenian Air Force[1] |
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| Բանակի գեներալ Banaki general |
գեներալ-գնդապետ General-gndapet |
գեներալ-լեյտենանտ General-leytenant |
գեներալ-մայոր General-mayor |
գնդապետ Gndapet |
փոխգնդապետ P’vokhgndapet |
մայոր Mayor |
կապիտան Kapitan |
ավագ լեյտենանտ Avag leytenant |
լեյտենանտ Leytenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Azerbaijani Air Force[2] |
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| General-polkovnik | General-leytenant | General-mayor | Polkovnik | Polkovnik-leytenant | Mayor | Kapitan | Baş leytenant | Leytenant | Kiçik leytenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Royal Bahraini Air Force |
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| مشیر Mushir |
فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Bangladesh Air Force[3] |
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| এয়ার চিফ মার্শাল Ēẏār chiph mārśāl |
এয়ার মার্শাল Ēẏār mārśāl |
এয়ার ভাইস মার্শাল Ēẏār bhā'is mārśāl |
এয়ার কমোডোর Ēẏār kômōḍōr |
গ্রুপ ক্যাপ্টেন Grup kaepṭēn |
উইং কমান্ডার U'iṁ kômānḍār |
স্কোয়াড্রন লীডার Skōẏāḍran līḍār |
ফ্লাইট লেফটেন্যান্ট Phlā'iṭ lēphṭēnānṭ |
ফ্লাইং অফিসার Phlā'iṁ ôphisār |
পাইলট অফিসার Pā'ilôṭ Ôphisār | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Bhutan
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No air force
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 Royal Brunei Air Force |
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| Marsyal udara | Jeneral (udara) | Leftenan jeneral (udara) | Mejar jeneral (udara) | Brigedier jeneral (udara) | Kolonel (udara) | Leftenan kolonel (udara) | Mejar (udara) | Kapten (udara) | Leftenan (udara) | Leftenan muda (udara) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Royal Cambodian Air Force |
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| នាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ Néay ŭtdâmôséniy |
ឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ឯក Ŭtdâmôséniy êk |
ឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ទោ Ŭtdâmôséniy toŭ |
ឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ត្រី Ŭtdâmôséniy trei |
វរសេនីយ៍ឯក Vôrôséniy êk |
វរសេនីយ៍ទោ Vôrôséniy toŭ |
វរសេនីយ៍ត្រី Vôrôséniy trei |
អនុសេនីយ៍ឯក Ânŭséniy êk |
អនុសេនីយ៍ទោ Ânŭséniy toŭ |
អនុសេនីយ៍ត្រី Ânŭséniy trei | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 PLA Air Force[4] |
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| 空军上将 Kōngjūn shàngjiàng |
空军中将 Kōngjūn zhōngjiàng |
空军少将 Kōngjūn shàojiàng |
空军大校 Kōngjūn dàxiào |
空军上校 Kōngjūn shàngxiào |
空军中校 Kōngjūn zhōngxiào |
空军少校 Kōngjūn shàoxiào |
空军上尉 Kōngjūn shàngwèi |
空军中尉 Kōngjūn zhōngwèi |
空军少尉 Kōngjūn shàowèi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Republic of China Air Force[5] |
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| 一級上將 It-kip siōng-chiòng |
二級上將 Jī-kip siōng-chiòng |
中將 Tiong-chiòng |
少將 Siáu-chiòng |
上校 Siōng-hāu |
中校 Tiong-hāu |
少校 Siáu-hāu |
上尉 Siōng-ùi |
中尉 Tiong-ùi |
少尉 Siáu-ùi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Indian Air Force[6] |
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| Marshal of the Indian Air Force मार्शल ऑफ द इंडियन एयरफोर्स |
Air chief marshal एयर चीफ मार्शल |
Air marshal एयर मार्शल |
Air vice marshal एयर वाइस मार्शल |
Air commodore एयर कमोडोर |
Group captain ग्रुप कैप्टन |
Wing commander विंग कमांडर |
Squadron leader स्क्वाड्रन लीडर |
Flight lieutenant फ्लाइट लैफ्टिनेंट |
Flying officer फ्लाइंग अफसर | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Indonesian Air Force[7] |
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| Marsekal besar | Marsekal | Marsekal madya | Marsekal muda | Marsekal pertama | Kolonel | Letnan kolonel | Mayor | Kapten | Letnan satu | Letnan dua | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Iranian Air Force |
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| ارتشبد Arteshbod |
سپهبد Sepahbod |
سرلشکر Sarlashkar |
سرتیپ Sartip |
سرتیپ دوم Sartip dovom |
سرهنگ Sarhang |
سرهنگ دوم Sarhang dovom |
سرگرد Sargord |
سروان Sarvan |
ستوان یکم Sotvan yekom |
ستوان دوم Sotvan dovom |
ستوان سوم Sotvan sevom | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general | Second brigadier general | Colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Major | Captain | First lieutenant | Second lieutenant | Third lieutenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Iraqi Air Force[8] |
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| مشیر Mushir |
فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Israeli Air Force[9] |
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| רב-אלוף Rav aluf |
אלוף Aluf |
תת-אלוף Tat aluf |
אלוף משנה Aluf mishne |
סגן-אלוף Sgan aluf |
רב סרן Rav seren |
סרן Seren |
סגן Segen |
סגן-משנה Segen mishne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Japan Air Self-Defense Force[10] |
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| 幕僚長たる空将 Bakuryōchō-taru-kūshō |
空将 Kūshō |
空将補 Kūshō-ho |
1等空佐 Ittō kūsa |
2等空佐 Nitō kūsa |
3等空佐 Santō kūsa |
1等空尉 Ittō kūi |
2等空尉 Nitō kūi |
3等空尉 Santō kūi |
准空尉 Jun kūi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Royal Jordanian Air Force[11] |
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| مشیر Mushir |
فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Kazakh Air Defense Forces[12] |
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| Жоғарғы Бас қолбасшының Joğarğı Bas qolbasşınıñ |
Генерал-Полҝвниҝ General-polkovnïk |
Генерал-лейтенант General-leytenant |
Генерал-майор General-mayor |
Полковник Polkovnïk |
Подполковник Podpolkovnïk |
Майор Mayor |
Капитан Kapïtan |
Аға лейтенант Ağa leytenant |
Лейтенант Leytenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Korean People's Army Air Force[13] |
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| 인민군원수 Inmingun-wonsu |
차수 Chasu |
대장 Daejang |
상장 Sangjang |
중장 Chungjang |
소장 Sojang |
대좌 Daechwa |
상좌 Sangjwa |
중좌 Chungjwa |
소좌 Sojwa |
대위 Taewi |
상위 Sangwi |
중위 Chungwi |
소위 Sowi | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Republic of Korea Air Force[14] |
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| 원수 Wonsu |
대장 Daejang |
중장 Jungjang |
소장 Sojang |
준장 Junjang |
대령 Daeryeong |
중령 Jungnyeong |
소령 Soryeong |
대위 Daewi |
중위 Jungwi |
소위 Sowi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Kuwait Air Force |
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| فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Kyrgyz Air Force[15] |
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| Генерал-майор General-mayor |
Полковник Polkovnik |
Подполковник Podpolkovnik |
Майор Mayor |
Капитан Kapitan |
Улук лейтенант Uluk leytenant |
Лейтенант Leytenant |
Кенже лейтенант Kenje leytenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Lao People's Liberation Air Force[16] |
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| ພົນເອກ Phonoek |
ພົນໂທ Phonoth |
ພົນຕີ Phon ti |
ພົນຈັດຕະວາ Phonchadtauaa |
ພັນເອກ Phanoek |
ພັນໂທ Phanoth |
ພັນຕີ Phan ti |
ຮ້ອຍເອກ Honyoek |
ຮ້ອຍໂທ Hony oth |
ຮ້ອຍຕີ Hony ti | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Lebanese Air Force[17] |
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| عماد Eimad |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Royal Malaysian Air Force[18] |
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| Marsyal tentera udara | Jeneral TUDM | Leftenan jeneral TUDM | Mejar jeneral TUDM | Brigedier jeneral TUDM | Kolonel TUDM | Leftenan kolonel TUDM | Mejar TUDM | Kapten TUDM | Leftenan TUDM | Leftenan muda TUDM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Maldives Air Corps[19] |
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| ބްރިގޭޑިއަރ ޖެނެރަލް Brigeydiar jeneral |
ކާނަލް Kaanal |
ލެފްޓިނަންޓް ކާނަލް Leftinant kaanal |
މޭޖަރ Meyjar |
ކެޕްޓަން Keptan |
ފަސްޓް ލެފްޓިނަންޓް Fast leftinant |
ލެފްޓިނަންޓް Leftinant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Mongolian Air Force[20] |
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| Генерал Gyenyeral |
Дэслэгч генерал Deslegch gyenyeral |
Хошууч генерал Khoshuuch gyenyeral |
Бригадын генерал Brigadyn gyenyeral |
Хурандаа Khurandaa |
Дэд хурандаа Ded khurandaa |
Хошууч Khoshuuch |
Ахмад Akhmad |
Ахлах дэслэгч Akhmad deslegch |
Дэслэгч Deslegch | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Myanmar Air Force |
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| ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး bauilaʻ khayupaʻ mahūʺkarīʺ |
ဒုတိယ ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး dautaiya bauilaʻ khayupaʻ mahūʺkarīʺ |
ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး bauilaʻ khayupaʻ karīʺ |
ဒုတိယ ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး dautaiya bauilaʻ khayupaʻ karīʺ |
ဗိုလ်ချုပ် bauilaʻ khayupaʻ |
ဗိုလ်မှူးချုပ် bauilaʻ mahūʺkhayupaʻ |
ဗိုလ်မှူးကြီး bauilaʻ mahūʺkrīʺ |
ဒုတိယ ဗိုလ်မှူးကြီး dautaiya bauilaʻ mahūʺ krīʺ |
ဗိုလ်မှူး bauilaʻ mahūʺ |
ဗိုလ်ကြီး bauilaʻ krīʺ |
ဗိုလ် bauilaʻ |
ဒုတိယ ဗိုလ် dautaiya bauilaʻ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Nepalese Army Air Service[21] |
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| सहायक रथी Sahaayak rathee |
महासेनानी Mahāsēnānī |
प्रमुख सेनानी Pramukh senaanee |
सेनानी Senaanee |
सहसेनानी Sahasēnānī |
उपसेनानी Upasēnānī |
सहायक सेनानी Sahaayak senaanee | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brigadier general | Colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Major | Captain | Lieutenant | Second lieutenant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Royal Air Force of Oman[22] |
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| مشیر Mushir |
فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Pakistan Air Force |
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| Marshal of the Pakistan Air Force | Air chief marshal | Air marshal | Air vice marshal | Air commodore | Group captain | Wing commander | Squadron leader | Flight lieutenant | Flying officer | Pilot officer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| سالار فضائیہ | امیرسالار فضائیہ | سالار فضائیہ | سالار فضائیہ مقابل | عَمِيد الفضاء | سردار جماعت | شارف الجناح | قائدِ دستہ | نقیبِ پرواز | منصبِ طیار | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Philippine Air Force[23] |
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| General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general | Colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Major | Captain | First lieutenant | Second lieutenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Qatar Emiri Air Force |
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| فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Russian Aerospace Forces[24] |
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| Генера́л а́рмии Generál ármii |
Генера́л-полко́вник Generál-polkóvnik |
Генера́л-лейтена́нт Generál-leytenánt |
Генера́л-майо́р Generál-mayór |
Полко́вник Polkóvnik |
Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik |
Майо́р Majór |
Kапита́н Kapitán |
Старший лейтена́нт Stárshiy leytenánt |
Лейтенант Leytenant |
Mла́дший лейтена́нт Mládshiy leytenánt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Royal Saudi Air Force[25] |
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| فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Republic of Singapore Air Force[26] |
No insignia yet | 
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| General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general | Colonel | Senior lieutenant colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Major | Captain | Lieutenant | Second lieutenant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Sri Lanka Air Force[27] |
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| Marshal of the Air Force | Air chief marshal | Air marshal | Air vice-marshal | Air commodore | Group captain | Wing commander | Squadron leader | Flight lieutenant | Flying officer | Pilot officer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Syrian Air Force[28] |
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| فريق Fariq |
عماد أول Eimad 'awal |
عماد Eimad |
لواء Alliwa' |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Tajik Air Force[29] |
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| Генерал-полковник General-polkovnik |
Генерал-лейтенант General-leytenant |
Генерал-майор General-mayor |
Полковник Polkovnik |
Подполковник Podpolkovnik |
Майор Mayor |
Капитан Kapitan |
Лейтенанти калон Leytenanti kalon |
Лейтенант Leytenant |
Лейтенанти хурд Leytenanti xurd | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Royal Thai Air Force[30] |
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| จอมพลอากาศ Chom phon akat |
พลอากาศเอก Phon akat ek |
พลอากาศโท Phon akat tho |
พลอากาศตรี Phon akat tri |
นาวาอากาศเอก Nawa akat ek |
นาวาอากาศโท Nawa akat tho |
นาวาอากาศตรี Nawa akat tri |
เรืออากาศเอก Ruea akat ek |
เรืออากาศโท Ruea akat tho |
เรืออากาศตรี Ruea akat tri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Timor-Leste
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No air force | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Turkmen Air Force |
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| General-polkownik | General-leýtenant | General-maýor | Polkownik | Podpolkownik | Maýor | Kapitan | Uly leýtenant | Leýtenant | Kiçi leýtenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 United Arab Emirates Air Force |
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| فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم Mulazim | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces[31] |
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| General-polkovnik | General-leytenant | General-mayor | Polkovnik | Podpolkovnik | Mayor | Kapitan | Katta leytenant | Leytenant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Vietnam People's Air Force[32] |
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| Thượng tướng | Trung tướng | Thiếu tướng | Đại tá | Thượng tá | Trung tá | Thiếu tá | Đại úy | Thượng úy | Trung úy | Thiếu úy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Yemeni Air Force |
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| مشیر Mushir |
فريق أول Fariq 'awal |
فريق Fariq |
لواء Liwa |
عميد Amid |
عقيد Aqid |
مقدم Muqaddam |
رائد Ra'id |
نقيب Naqib |
ملازم أول Mulazim awwal |
ملازم ثان Mulazim than | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "ԶԻՆՎՈՐԱԿԱՆ ԾԱՌԱՅՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԵՎ ԶԻՆԾԱՌԱՅՈՂԻ ԿԱՐԳԱՎԻՃԱԿԻ ՄԱՍԻՆ". arlis.am (in Armenian). Legal information system of Armenia. 15 November 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Azərbaycan Respublikası Silahlı Qüvvələri hərbi qulluqçularının hərbi geyim forması və fərqləndirmə nişanları haqqında Əsasnamə" (PDF). mod.gov.az (in Azerbaijani). Ministry of Defense. 25 June 2001. pp. 64–70. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
- ^ "Officer's Ranks". joinbangladeshairforce.mil.bd. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ Ping, Xu (7 August 2017). "我军建军九十年军衔制度沿革" [The evolution of our military rank system over the ninety years of its establishment]. mod.gov.cn (in Chinese). Ministry of National Defense. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ "Lùhǎikōng jūnfú zhì tiáolì fù tú" 陸海空軍服制條例附圖 [Drawings of the Uniform Regulations of the Army, Navy and Air Force] (PDF). Gazette of the Presidential Palace (6769): 65–67. 7 November 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ "For Officers". careerairforce.nic.in. Indian Air Force. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ^ "Pangkat Harian". tni.mil.id (in Indonesian). Indonesian National Armed Forces. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ Kechichian, Joseph A. (1990). "National Security". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Iraq: a country study. Area Handbook (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 226–227. LCCN 89013940. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
- ^ "עושים לכם סדר בדרגות". idf.il (in Hebrew). Israel Defense Forces. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "自衛官の階級" [Self-Defense Forces rank]. mod.go.jp (in Japanese). Japanese Ministry of Defense. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "رتب الضباط" [Officer ranks]. jaf.mil.jo/ (in Arabic). Jordanian Armed Forces. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ "Қазақстан Республикасының Қарулы Күштері, басқа да әскерлері мен әскери құралымдары әскери қызметшілерінің әскери киім нысаны және айырым белгілері туралы". adilet.zan.kz (in Kazakh). Ministry of Justice (Kazakhstan). 25 August 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ Minnich, James M. (2008). "National Security". In Worden, Robert L. (ed.). North Korea: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 266, 268. LCCN 2008028547. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
- ^ "gyegeubjang-ui jesig(je7joje2hang gwanlyeon)" 계급장의 제식(제7조제2항 관련) [Rank insignia (related to Article 7 (2))]. law.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 30 December 2021.
- ^ "Кыргыз Республикасынын жарандарынын жалпыга бирдей аскердик милдети жөнүндө, аскердик жана альтернативдик кызматтар жөнүндө". cbd.minjust.gov.kg/ (in Kyrgyz). Ministry of Justice (Kyrgyzstan). 9 February 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "ທະນບາຊນ ູ ່ ັ້ນາຍ ແລະ ພນທະຫານ ົ ກອງທບັປະຊາຊນລາວ". mod.gov.la (in Lao). Ministry of Defence (Laos). Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "الرتب العسكرية". lebarmy.gov.lb (in Arabic). Lebanese Armed Forces. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Pangkat". mafhq.mil.my (in Malay). Malaysian Armed Forces. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ "ރޭންކް ސްޓްރަކްޗަރ". mndf.gov.mv (in Divehi). Maldives National Defence Force. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ Chief of General Staff (25 November 2019). "Order of the Chief of the General Staff: Number A / 595". gsmaf.gov.mn (in Mongolian). pp. 20–26. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
- ^ Nepali Army. "Nepali Army Rank Structure". Nepalarmy.mil.np. Nepali Army. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
- ^ "The Military Ranks and Badges". mod.gov.om. Ministry of defence. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ^ "Ranks". paf.mil.ph. Philippine Air Force. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 11 марта 2010 года № 293 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия военнослужащих и ведомственных знаках отличия"". rg.ru (in Russian). Российской газеты. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ Tartter, Jean R. (1993). "National Security". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Saudi Arabia: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 270–271. LCCN 93028506. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
- ^ "SAF Rank Insignias". mindef.gov.sg. Ministry of Defence (Singapore). Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "Commissioned Officers". airforce.lk. Sri Lanka Air Force. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "شعار الرأس" [Main logo]. mod.gov.sy (in Arabic). Ministry of Defence (Syria). Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ^ "ҚОНУНИ ҶУМҲУРИИ ТОҶИКИСТОН ДАР БОРАИ ЎҲДАДОРИИ УМУМИИ ҲАРБӢ ВА ХИЗМАТИ ҲАРБӢ". majmilli.tj (in Tajik). The National Assembly of the Republic of Tajikistan. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "เครื่องหมายยศทหาร" [Military Rank Insignia]. navedu.navy.mi.th (in Thai). Thai Naval Education Department. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ "O'zbekiston Respublikasi fuqarolarining harbiy xizmatni o'tash tartibi to'g'risida". lex.uz (in Uzbek). Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 12 September 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Quy định quân hiệu, cấp hiệu, phù hiệu và lễ phục của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam". mod.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Defence (Vietnam). 26 August 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
