Broad Front (Uruguay)

Broad Front
Broad Front
President	Mónica Xavier
Founded	February 5, 1971
Headquarters	Colonia 1367, Montevideo, Uruguay
Newspaper	Voces del Frente
Ideology	Democratic socialism; Socialism; Social democracy; Christian left
Political position	Centre-left to Left-wing
International affiliation	Socialist International,; Progressive Alliance,; COPPPAL,; Foro de São Paulo
Chamber of Deputies	50 / 99
Chamber of Senators	16 / 30
Party flag
Website
	http://www.frenteamplio.org.uy/
	Politics of Uruguay; Political parties; Elections;

The Broad Front (Spanish: Frente Amplio, FA) is a Uruguayan left-wing coalition of political parties. It is led by Mónica Xavier. Frente Amplio has close ties with PIT-CNT trade union and the cooperative housing movement.

History

Frente Amplio was founded as a coalition of more than a dozen fractured leftist parties and movements in 1971. The first president of the front and its first candidate for the presidency of the country was General Liber Seregni. The front was declared illegal during 1973 military coup d'état of and emerged again in 1984 when democracy was restored in Uruguay.

In 1994 Progressive Encounter (Encuentro Progresista) was formed by several minor independent factions and the Frente Amplio. EP and FA started contesting elections jointly under the name Encuentro Progresista - Frente Amplio. Later another force, Nuevo Espacio, became linked to the front. Thus it started contesting elections as Encuentro Progresista - Frente Amplio - Nueva Mayoria.

In 2005 member organizations of Progressive Encounter and New Majority (essentially Nuevo Espacio) merged into the front, and the coalition took the name of the larger force, Frente Amplio. Previously, EP and later NM had been allied with FA but organizationally separate structures.

At the 2004 general election, the party won 51.7% of the popular vote and 52 out of 99 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 17 out of 31 in the Senate, while its presidential candidate, Tabaré Vázquez, won the presidential election. The Front retained its majority and the presidency in the 2009 election with José Mujica elected as president.

The alliance is - as far as available - formed by:

Asamblea Uruguay (Uruguay Assembly) led by Danilo Astori
Partido Socialista del Uruguay (Socialist Party of Uruguay) led by Daniel Martínez
Partido Comunista del Uruguay (Communist Party of Uruguay) led by Eduardo Lorier
Corriente 78 (Current 78)
Nuevo Espacio (New Space) led by Rafael Michelini
Vertiente Artiguista (Artiguist Stream) led by Enrique Rubio
Movimiento de Participación Popular (Movement of Popular Participation) led by Lucía Topolansky
Partido Demócrata Cristiano del Uruguay (Christian Democratic Party of Uruguay)
Partido de los Comunes (Party of the Communes)
Confluencia Frenteamplio (Broad Front Confluence)
Alianza Progresista (Progressive Alliance) led by Rodolfo Nin Novoa
Partido por la Victoria del Pueblo (People's Victory Party)

Splits

Along its history, despite the fact of constantly attracting political factions from other parties, the Broad Front suffered some splits as well:

In 1989, the Party for the Government of the People and the Christian Democratic Party of Uruguay left the Broad Front to conform a new moderate-left coalition.
In 1993, the extreme-leftist Oriental Revolutionary Movement split and formed a political party on its own.
In April 2006 there was another split from the extreme left: the March 26 Movement and other groups left and formed a new coalition, Popular Assembly.

Ideology

The Broad Front consists primarily of progressive political parties. However, in government it has tended to follow policies favouring a market economy with expanded social programs. Not all the parties in the Broad Front can be considered left-wing, indeed some lean towards fiscal conservatism or social conservatism. Uruguay Assembly of Danilo Astori can be considered a centrist party and Astori has followed fiscal conservative policies as finance minister, whereas the Christian Democratic Party is vocally opposed to abortion. Tabaré Vázquez during his presidency maintained his pro-life stance, in contrast to the stance of many in his own Socialist Party, leading him to leave his positions in the party.^[6]

2004 electoral strength

Template:Uruguay legislative election, 2004

Results in the 2004 internal elections

In 2004 the first internal elections for EP-FA-NM was held. Previously elections had only been held within FA.

List	Party		Votes	%
609	Espacio 609	Movimiento de Participación Popular	148,426	33.18
		Izquierda Abierta
		Movimiento Claveles Rojos
		Columna Blanca
90	Espacio 90	Partido Socialista	79,090	17.68
		Movimiento Socialista Emilio Frugoni
		Partido por la Seguridad Social
		Acción Renovadora
2121	Espacio 2121	Asamblea Uruguay	40,741	9.11
2121	Espacio 2121	Movimiento Popular Frenteamplista	40,741	9.11
738	Alianza Progresista	Confluencia Frenteamplista	37,628	8.41
		Corriente 78
		Partido Demócrata Cristiano
		Corriente Encuentrista Independiente
77	Vertiente Artiguista	Artiguismo y Unidad	34,536	7.72
77	Vertiente Artiguista	Izquierda Democrática Independiente	34,536	7.72
99000	Nuevo Espacio		30,762	6.88
1001	Democracía Avanzada	Partido Comunista del Uruguay	26,569	5.94
1001	Democracía Avanzada	Frente Izquierda de Liberación	26,569	5.94
326	Movimiento 26 de Marzo		12,175	2.72
1303	Corriente Popular		8,776	1.96
1813	Liga Federal Frenteamplista		7,425	1.66
5271	Corriente de Izquierda	Tendencia Marxista	5,233	1.17
		Alternativa Popular 1815 - Espacio Solidario
		Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores-CI
		Unión Popular
567	Unión Frenteamplista	Partido por la Victoria del Pueblo	2,664	0.64
9393	Corriente de Unidad Frenteamplista		2,354	0.53
1968	Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores-IV Internacional		387	0.09
871	Partido Obrero Revolucionario (Trotskista-Posadista)		371	0.08
5205	Movimiento 20 de Mayo		198	0.04
11815			86	0.02
2571	Agrupación 5 de Febrero de 1971		23	0.01
Total: 447,313

Electoral results

Latest elections

Template:Uruguay legislative election, 2009

Presidential

Election year	Candidate	1st round		2nd round
Election year	Candidate	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall votes	% of overall vote
1994	Tabaré Vázquez	621,226	30.6 (#3)
1999	Tabaré Vázquez	861,202	40.1 (#1)	982,049	45.9 (#2)
2004	Tabaré Vázquez	1,124,761	51.7 (#1)
2009	José Mujica	1,105,262	48.0 (#1)	1,197,638	52.4 (#1)

Parliament

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall Chamber seats won	+/-	# of overall Senate seats won	+/-
1994	621,226	30.6 (#3)	31 / 99		9 / 31
1999	861,202	40.1 (#1)	40 / 99	9	12 / 31	3
2004	1,124,761	51.7 (#1)	52 / 99	12	17 / 31	5
2009	1,093,869	47.5 (#1)	50 / 99	2	16 / 30	1

References

^ Gregory, Stephen (2009), Intellectuals and Left Politics in Uruguay, 1958-2006, Sussex Academic Press, p. 129
^ Gregory, Stephen (2009), Intellectuals and Left Politics in Uruguay, 1958-2006, Sussex Academic Press, p. 4
^ Mainwaring, Scott; Scully, Timothy R. (2003), "The Diversity of Christian Democracy in Latin America", Christian Democracy in Latin America, Stanford University Press, p. 49
^ Schooley, Helen (2001), "Uruguay — History", South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002, Europa Publications, p. 760
^ Busky, Donald F. (2002), Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas, Praeger Publishers, p. 224
^ Vázquez leaves Socialist Party

External links

Official website

[Gregory129-1] Gregory, Stephen (2009), Intellectuals and Left Politics in Uruguay, 1958-2006, Sussex Academic Press, p. 129

[2] Gregory, Stephen (2009), Intellectuals and Left Politics in Uruguay, 1958-2006, Sussex Academic Press, p. 4

[3] Mainwaring, Scott; Scully, Timothy R. (2003), "The Diversity of Christian Democracy in Latin America", Christian Democracy in Latin America, Stanford University Press, p. 49

[4] Schooley, Helen (2001), "Uruguay — History", South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002, Europa Publications, p. 760

[5] Busky, Donald F. (2002), Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas, Praeger Publishers, p. 224

[6] Vázquez leaves Socialist Party

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v t e Political parties in Uruguay
Chamber of Deputies	Broad Front (42) Uruguay Assembly Socialist Party Communist Party Current 78 New Space Vertiente Artiguista Movement of Popular Participation Christian Democratic Party Party of the Communes Broad Front Confluence Progressive Alliance People's Victory Party National Party (30) National Alliance Herrerism Colorado Party (13) Vamos Uruguay ProBa Open Cabildo (11) Independent Party (1) Partido de la Gente (1) Ecologist Radical Intransigent Party (1)
Senate	Broad Front (13) National Party (10) Colorado Party (4) Open Cabildo (3)
Unrepresented	Green Animalist Party Digital Party Civic Union Intransigent Party Partido del Sol Popular Unity Revolutionary Communist Party Humanist Party March 26 Movement Leftist Current Workers' Party Anti-imperialist Unitary Commissions Oriental Revolutionary Movement Artiguist Revolutionary Movement
Defunct parties	Black Native (1936–1944) Constitutional (1880–1903) Eto-Ecologist Green Party (1987–2009) Independent National (1931–1958) Independent Feminist Democratic Party (1932-1938) Liberal Party (2002–2009) Popular Union (1962–1990) Radical National (1925–1933) Ruralist (1964–1973)
Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of Uruguay